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Gao W, Zhi G, Zhou M, Niu T. Growth of Single Crystalline 2D Materials beyond Graphene on Non-metallic Substrates. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2311317. [PMID: 38712469 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The advent of 2D materials has ushered in the exploration of their synthesis, characterization and application. While plenty of 2D materials have been synthesized on various metallic substrates, interfacial interaction significantly affects their intrinsic electronic properties. Additionally, the complex transfer process presents further challenges. In this context, experimental efforts are devoted to the direct growth on technologically important semiconductor/insulator substrates. This review aims to uncover the effects of substrate on the growth of 2D materials. The focus is on non-metallic substrate used for epitaxial growth and how this highlights the necessity for phase engineering and advanced characterization at atomic scale. Special attention is paid to monoelemental 2D structures with topological properties. The conclusion is drawn through a discussion of the requirements for integrating 2D materials with current semiconductor-based technology and the unique properties of heterostructures based on 2D materials. Overall, this review describes how 2D materials can be fabricated directly on non-metallic substrates and the exploration of growth mechanism at atomic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Gao
- Tianmushan Laboratory, Hangzhou, 310023, China
- Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, 311115, China
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | | | - Miao Zhou
- Tianmushan Laboratory, Hangzhou, 310023, China
- Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, 311115, China
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tianchao Niu
- Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, 311115, China
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2
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Zhou H, Li S, Ang KW, Zhang YW. Recent Advances in In-Memory Computing: Exploring Memristor and Memtransistor Arrays with 2D Materials. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:121. [PMID: 38372805 PMCID: PMC10876512 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01335-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The conventional computing architecture faces substantial challenges, including high latency and energy consumption between memory and processing units. In response, in-memory computing has emerged as a promising alternative architecture, enabling computing operations within memory arrays to overcome these limitations. Memristive devices have gained significant attention as key components for in-memory computing due to their high-density arrays, rapid response times, and ability to emulate biological synapses. Among these devices, two-dimensional (2D) material-based memristor and memtransistor arrays have emerged as particularly promising candidates for next-generation in-memory computing, thanks to their exceptional performance driven by the unique properties of 2D materials, such as layered structures, mechanical flexibility, and the capability to form heterojunctions. This review delves into the state-of-the-art research on 2D material-based memristive arrays, encompassing critical aspects such as material selection, device performance metrics, array structures, and potential applications. Furthermore, it provides a comprehensive overview of the current challenges and limitations associated with these arrays, along with potential solutions. The primary objective of this review is to serve as a significant milestone in realizing next-generation in-memory computing utilizing 2D materials and bridge the gap from single-device characterization to array-level and system-level implementations of neuromorphic computing, leveraging the potential of 2D material-based memristive devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangbo Zhou
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore, 138632, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sifan Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kah-Wee Ang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Republic of Singapore.
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Yong-Wei Zhang
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore, 138632, Republic of Singapore.
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3
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Yilmaz E, Yavuz E. Use of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) in analytical sample preparation applications. Talanta 2024; 266:125086. [PMID: 37633038 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of graphene, nano-sized two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) such as MoS2, MoSe2, MoTe2, NbS2, NbSe2, WS2, WSe2, TaS2 and TaSe2, which have been classified as next-generation nanomaterials resembling graphene (G) have complementary basic properties with those of graphene in terms of their practical applications. TMDs are attracting great attention due to their attractive physical, chemical and electronic properties. Despite being overshadowed by graphene in terms of frequency of use, TMDs have been used frequently in many areas in recent years instead of carbon-based materials such as graphene (G), graphene oxide (GO), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and nanodiamonds (NDs). It is seen that the first and frequent uses of TMDs, which are classified as new generation materials, are in the fields of catalysis, electronic applications, hydrogen production processes and energy storage, but it has been used as an adsorbent in sample preparation techniques in recent years. Similar to graphene, layers of TMDs are held together by weak van der Waals interactions. The sandwiched layers of TMDs provide sufficient and effective interlayer spaces so that foreign molecules, ions and atoms can easily enter these spaces between the layers. Intermolecular interactions increase with the entry of different materials into these spaces, and thus, high activity, adsorption capacity and efficiency are obtained in adsorption-based analytical sample preparation methods. Although there are about 35 research articles using TMDs, which are classified as promising materials in analytical sample preparation techniques, no review studies have been found. This review, which was designed with this awareness, contains important informations on the properties of metal dichalcogenides, their production methods and their use in analytical sample preparation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Yilmaz
- Technology Research & Application Center (TAUM), Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey; ERNAM-Erciyes University, Nanotechnology Application and Research Center, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey; Erciyes University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey; ChemicaMed Chemical Inc., Erciyes University Technology Development Zone, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Emre Yavuz
- Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Cayirli Vocational School, Department of Medical Services and Technicians, 24503, Erzincan, Turkey.
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Keshri SP, Pati SK, Medhi A. HfSe2: Unraveling the microscopic reason for experimental low mobility. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:144704. [PMID: 37811821 DOI: 10.1063/5.0161688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Monolayer HfSe2, in the family of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), is a potential thermoelectric candidate due to its low thermal conductivity. While its mobility remains low as in other 2D TMDCs is inconceivable for electronic and thermoelectric applications. Earlier theoretical attempts have failed to give justification for the orders of low experimental mobility obtained for monolayer HfSe2. We calculate the carrier mobility in the framework of the density functional perturbation theory in conjunction with the Boltzmann transport equation and correctly ascertain the experimental value. We also calculate the carrier mobility with the previously employed method, the deformation potential (DP) model, to figure out the reason for its failure. We found that it is the strong electron-optical phonon interaction that is causing the low mobility. As the DP model does not account for the optical phonons, it overestimates the relaxation time by an order of two and also underestimates the temperature dependence of mobility. A strong polar type interaction is evidenced as a manifestation of a discontinuity in the first derivative of the optical-phonons at the K and Γ points as well as a dispersive optical phonon at the K point. We also included the spin-orbit coupling which leads to an energy splitting of ∼330 meV and significantly affects mobility and scattering rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Prasad Keshri
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat) Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka 560064, India
| | - Swapan K Pati
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, School of Advanced Materials (SAMat) Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka 560064, India
| | - Amal Medhi
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
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Yu X, Ding Y, Sun J. Design principles for 2D transition metal dichalcogenides toward lithium-sulfur batteries. iScience 2023; 26:107489. [PMID: 37601770 PMCID: PMC10433127 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are regarded as a promising candidate for next-generation energy storage systems owing to their remarkable energy density, resource availability, and environmental benignity. Nevertheless, severe shuttling effect, sluggish redox kinetics, large volumetric expansion, and uncontrollable dendrite growth hamper the practical applications. To address these intractable issues, two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have emerged expeditiously as an essential material strategy. Herein, this review emphasizes the development and application of 2D TMDs in Li-S batteries. It starts with introducing the fundamentals of Li-S batteries and common synthetic routes of TMDs, followed by summarizing the employment of pristine, hybrid, and defective TMDs in the realm of expediting sulfur chemistry and stabilizing lithium anode. Finally, the development roadmap and possible research directions of TMDs are proposed to offer guidance for the future design of high-performance Li-S batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yu
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P.R.China
| | - Yifan Ding
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P.R.China
| | - Jingyu Sun
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P.R.China
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Barik RK, Woods LM. High throughput calculations for a dataset of bilayer materials. Sci Data 2023; 10:232. [PMID: 37085503 PMCID: PMC10121719 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bilayer materials made of 2D monolayers are emerging as new systems creating diverse opportunities for basic research and applications in optoelectronics, thermoelectrics, and topological science among others. Herein, we present a computational bilayer materials dataset containing 760 structures with their structural, electronic, and transport properties. Different stacking patterns of each bilayer have been framed by analyzing their monolayer symmetries. Density functional theory calculations including van der Waals interactions are carried out for each stacking pattern to evaluate the corresponding ground states, which are correctly identified for experimentally synthesized transition metal dichalcogenides, graphene, boron nitride, and silicene. Binding energies and interlayer charge transfer are evaluated to analyze the interlayer coupling strength. Our dataset can be used for materials screening and data-assisted modeling for desired thermoelectric or optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Kumar Barik
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33620, USA.
| | - Lilia M Woods
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33620, USA.
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Singh J, Shao JH, Chen GT, Wu HS, Tsai ML. The growth mechanism and intriguing optical and electronic properties of few-layered HfS 2. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 5:171-178. [PMID: 36605793 PMCID: PMC9765574 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00578f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to electronic properties superior to group VIB (Mo and W) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), group IVB (Hf and Zr) TMDs have become intriguing materials in next-generation nanoelectronics. Therefore, the growth of few-layered hafnium disulfide (HfS2) on c-plane sapphire as well as on a SiO2/Si substrate has been demonstrated using chemical vapour deposition (CVD). The structural properties of HfS2 were investigated by recording X-ray diffraction patterns and Raman spectra. The XRD results reveal that the layers are well oriented along the (0001) direction and exhibit the high crystalline quality of HfS2. The Raman spectra confirm the in-plane and out-plane vibration of Hf and S atoms. Moreover, the HfS2 layers exhibit strong absorption in the UV to visible region. The HfS2 layer-based photodetector shows a photoresponsivity of ∼1.6, ∼0.38, and ∼0.21 μA W-1 corresponding to 9, 38, and 68 mW cm-2, respectively under green light illumination and is attributed to the generation of a large number of electron-hole pairs in the active region of the device. Besides, it also exhibits the highly crystalline structure of HfS2 at high deposition temperature. The PL spectrum shows a single peak at ∼1.8 eV and is consistent with the pristine indirect bandgap of HfS2 (∼2 eV). Furthermore, a few layered HfS2 back gate field-effect transistor (FET) is fabricated based on directly grown HfS2 on SiO2/Si, and the device exhibits p-type behaviour. Thus, the controllable and easy growth method opens the latest pathway to synthesize few layered HfS2 on different substrates for various electronic and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Singh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei 106335 Taiwan
- Department of Physics, Udit Narayan Post Graduate College Padrauna Kushinagar 274304 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Jia-Hui Shao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei 106335 Taiwan
| | - Guan-Ting Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei 106335 Taiwan
| | - Han-Song Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei 106335 Taiwan
| | - Meng-Lin Tsai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei 106335 Taiwan
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8
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Lin DY, Hsu HP, Wang CW, Chen SW, Shih YT, Hwang SB, Sitarek P. Temperature-Dependent Absorption of Ternary HfS 2-xSe x 2D Layered Semiconductors. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6304. [PMID: 36143616 PMCID: PMC9502516 DOI: 10.3390/ma15186304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present the investigation of optical properties on a series of HfS2-xSex crystals with different Se compositions x changing from 0 to 2. We used the chemical-vapor transport method to grow these layered ternary compound semiconductors in bulk form. Their lattice constants and crystal properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. We have performed absorption spectroscopies to determine their optical band-gap energies, which started from 2.012 eV with x = 0, and gradually shifts to 1.219 eV for x = 2. Furthermore, we measured the absorption spectroscopies at different temperatures in the range of 20-300 K to identify the temperature dependence of band-gap energies. The band-gap energies of HfS2-xSex were determined from the linear extrapolation method. We have noticed that the band-gap energy may be continuously tuned to the required energy by manipulating the ratio of S and Se. The parameters that describe the temperature influence on the band-gap energy are evaluated and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Der-Yuh Lin
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City 50074, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Pin Hsu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wen Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City 50074, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Wei Chen
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City 50074, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tai Shih
- Department of Physics, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City 500207, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Beng Hwang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chienkuo Technology University, Changhua City 500020, Taiwan
| | - Piotr Sitarek
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50370 Wrocław, Poland
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9
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Muhammad Z, Islam R, Wang Y, Autieri C, Lv Z, Singh B, Vallobra P, Zhang Y, Zhu L, Zhao W. Laser Irradiation Effect on the p-GaSe/n-HfS 2 PN-Heterojunction for High-Performance Phototransistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:35927-35939. [PMID: 35867860 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D)-based PN-heterojunction revealed a promising future of atomically thin optoelectronics with diverse functionalities in different environments. Herein, we reported a p-GaSe/n-HfS2 van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure for high-performance photodetectors and investigated the laser irradiation effect on the fabricated device. The fabricated 2D vdW heterostructure revealed a high photoresponsivity of 1 × 104 A W-1 with a photocurrent value of 377 nA due to unique type-II band alignment and enhanced surface potential under light illumination, which is further confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Before laser irradiation, the device showed high field-effect mobility (μEF) of 26.37 cm2 V-1 s-1, ON/OFF ratio of ∼105, and threshold voltage swing (SS) of ∼463 mV dec-1. With the exposure of 690 mW cm-2 laser power density, μEF reached 204 cm2 V-1 s-1, although ∼2 V ΔVth shifts are observed along with the SS decreased to 175 mV dec-1. Interestingly, the reduced SS shows better channel control of the fabricated device with laser power. Similarly, the ON/OFF ratio decreased to ∼1.29 × 103. The results indicate that the creation of oxide trap charges at the interface of SiO2 and PN-heterojunction layers was observed with voltage biasing and high laser power density. The degradation of electrical parameters is attributed to fewer interface trap charges per surface area of the device rather than direct damage in PN-heterojunction layers. Considering the excellent 2D electronic properties, these materials are better candidates for future high-radiation environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahir Muhammad
- Hefei Innovation Research Institute, School of Microelectronics, Beihang University, Hefei 230013, P. R. China
| | - Rajibul Islam
- International Research Centre Magtop, Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotników 32/46, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Yan Wang
- Hefei Innovation Research Institute, School of Microelectronics, Beihang University, Hefei 230013, P. R. China
| | - Carmine Autieri
- International Research Centre Magtop, Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotników 32/46, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR-SPIN, UOS Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Ziyu Lv
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Bahadur Singh
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Pierre Vallobra
- Hefei Innovation Research Institute, School of Microelectronics, Beihang University, Hefei 230013, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Hefei Innovation Research Institute, School of Microelectronics, Beihang University, Hefei 230013, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Weisheng Zhao
- Hefei Innovation Research Institute, School of Microelectronics, Beihang University, Hefei 230013, P. R. China
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2D Material and Perovskite Heterostructure for Optoelectronic Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12122100. [PMID: 35745439 PMCID: PMC9228184 DOI: 10.3390/nano12122100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Optoelectronic devices are key building blocks for sustainable energy, imaging applications, and optical communications in modern society. Two-dimensional materials and perovskites have been considered promising candidates in this research area due to their fascinating material properties. Despite the significant progress achieved in the past decades, challenges still remain to further improve the performance of devices based on 2D materials or perovskites and to solve stability issues for their reliability. Recently, a novel concept of 2D material/perovskite heterostructure has demonstrated remarkable achievements by taking advantage of both materials. The diverse fabrication techniques and large families of 2D materials and perovskites open up great opportunities for structure modification, interface engineering, and composition tuning in state-of-the-art optoelectronics. In this review, we present comprehensive information on the synthesis methods, material properties of 2D materials and perovskites, and the research progress of optoelectronic devices, particularly solar cells and photodetectors which are based on 2D materials, perovskites, and 2D material/perovskite heterostructures with future perspectives.
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Li S, Pam ME, Li Y, Chen L, Chien YC, Fong X, Chi D, Ang KW. Wafer-Scale 2D Hafnium Diselenide Based Memristor Crossbar Array for Energy-Efficient Neural Network Hardware. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2103376. [PMID: 34510567 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Memristor crossbar with programmable conductance could overcome the energy consumption and speed limitations of neural networks when executing core computing tasks in image processing. However, the implementation of crossbar array (CBA) based on ultrathin 2D materials is hindered by challenges associated with large-scale material synthesis and device integration. Here, a memristor CBA is demonstrated using wafer-scale (2-inch) polycrystalline hafnium diselenide (HfSe2 ) grown by molecular beam epitaxy, and a metal-assisted van der Waals transfer technique. The memristor exhibits small switching voltage (0.6 V), low switching energy (0.82 pJ), and simultaneously achieves emulation of synaptic weight plasticity. Furthermore, the CBA enables artificial neural network with a high recognition accuracy of 93.34%. Hardware multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) operation with a narrow error distribution of 0.29% is also demonstrated, and a high power efficiency of greater than 8-trillion operations per second per Watt is achieved. Based on the MAC results, hardware convolution image processing can be performed using programmable kernels (i.e., soft, horizontal, and vertical edge enhancement), which constitutes a vital function for neural network hardware.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifan Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Mei-Er Pam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Yesheng Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Yu-Chieh Chien
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Xuanyao Fong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Dongzhi Chi
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Kah-Wee Ang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
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12
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Jia L, Chen J, Cui X, Wang Z, Zeng W, Zhou Q. Gas Sensing Mechanism and Adsorption Properties of C2H4 and CO Molecules on the Ag3–HfSe2 Monolayer: A First-Principle Study. Front Chem 2022; 10:911170. [PMID: 35646821 PMCID: PMC9133379 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.911170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of dissolved gases in oil is an important method for the analysis of transformer fault diagnosis. In this article, the potential-doped structure of the Ag3 cluster on the HfSe2 monolayer and adsorption behavior of CO and C2H4 upon Ag3–HfSe2 were studied theoretically. Herein, the binding energy, adsorption energy, band structure, density of state (DOS), partial density of state (PDOS), Mulliken charge analysis, and frontier molecular orbital were investigated. The results showed that the adsorption effect on C2H4 is stronger than that on CO. The electrical sensitivity and anti-interference were studied based on the bandgap and adsorption energy of gases. In particular, there is an increase of 55.49% in the electrical sensitivity of C2H4 after the adsorption. Compared to the adsorption energy of different gases, it was found that only the adsorption of the C2H4 system is chemisorption, while that of the others is physisorption. It illustrates the great anti-interference in the detection of C2H4. Therefore, the study explored the potential of HfSe2-modified materials for sensing and detecting CO and C2H4 to estimate the working state of power transformers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufen Jia
- College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianxing Chen
- College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaosen Cui
- College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongchang Wang
- Department of Quantum and Energy Materials, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Braga, Portugal
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Qu Zhou, ; Wen Zeng,
| | - Qu Zhou
- College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Qu Zhou, ; Wen Zeng,
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Shao J, Zhang Y, Huang Z, Wang L, Liu T, Zhang N, Hu H. High-performance unbiased Ge metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector covered with asymmetric HfSe 2 contact geometries. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:1778-1783. [PMID: 35297858 DOI: 10.1364/ao.450947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A Ge metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector covered with asymmetric HfSe2 contact geometries has been proposed to realize high-performance unbiased photodetection at 1550 nm. At -1 V bias, the responsivity of this device shows a 71% improvement compared to the device without HfSe2. Moreover, the responsivity and detectivity of this device at zero bias can reach to 71.2 mA/W and 3.27×1010 Jones, respectively. Furthermore, the fall time of this device is 2.2 µs and 53% shorter than the device without HfSe2. This work provides a feasible way to develop unbiased Ge-based photodetectors in the near-IR communications band.
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14
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Yu Y, Wang W, Li W, Wang G, Wang Y, Lu Z, Li S, Zhao W, Li Y, Liu T, Yan X. Photodetectors Based on Micro-nano Structure Material. Front Chem 2022; 9:832028. [PMID: 35096783 PMCID: PMC8790564 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.832028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodetectors converting optical signals into electrical signals have been widely utilized and have received more and more attention in scientific research and industrial fields including optical interconnection, optical communication, and environmental monitoring. Herein, we summarize the latest development of photodetectors with different micro-nano structures and different materials and the performance indicators of photodetectors. Several photodetectors, such as flexible, ultraviolet two-dimensional (2D) microscale, and dual-band photodetectors, are listed in this minireview. Meanwhile, the current bottleneck and future development prospects of the photodetector are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yu
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Yu,
| | - Wuyue Wang
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Weihai Photonics Information Technology Lab Co., Ltd., Shandong, China
| | - Gong Wang
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin, China
| | - Yulei Wang
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiwei Lu
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin, China
| | - Sensen Li
- Science and Technology on Electro-Optical Information Security Control Laboratory, Tianjin, China
| | - Wanli Zhao
- Science and Technology on Electro-Optical Information Security Control Laboratory, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuhai Li
- Science and Technology on Electro-Optical Information Security Control Laboratory, Tianjin, China
| | - Tongyu Liu
- Science and Technology on Electro-Optical Information Security Control Laboratory, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiusheng Yan
- Science and Technology on Electro-Optical Information Security Control Laboratory, Tianjin, China
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15
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Wang G, Chang J, Guo SD, Wu W, Tang W, Guo H, Dang S, Wang R, Ang YS. MoSSe/Hf(Zr)S 2 heterostructures used for efficient Z-scheme photocatalytic water-splitting. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:25287-25297. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03764e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
HfS2/SMoSe, HfS2/SeMoS, ZrS2/SMoSe, and ZrS2/SeMoS heterostructures are promising overall water-splitting photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Extraordinary Bond Engineering and Advanced Materials Technology of Chongqing, School of Electronic Information Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
- Institute for Structure and Function & Department of Physics & Chongqing Key Laboratory for Strongly Coupled Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Chongqing Jiulongyuan High-tech Industry Group Co., Ltd, Chongqing 400080, China
| | - Junli Chang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - San-Dong Guo
- School of Electronic Engineering, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China
| | - Weikang Wu
- Research Laboratory for Quantum Materials, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Wenyi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Extraordinary Bond Engineering and Advanced Materials Technology of Chongqing, School of Electronic Information Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Hao Guo
- School of Urban Construction, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - Suihu Dang
- Key Laboratory of Extraordinary Bond Engineering and Advanced Materials Technology of Chongqing, School of Electronic Information Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Institute for Structure and Function & Department of Physics & Chongqing Key Laboratory for Strongly Coupled Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yee Sin Ang
- Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
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16
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Dai X, Chen X, Jing X, Zhang Y, Pan M, Li M, Li Q, Liu P, Fan C, Liu X. DNA Origami‐Encoded Integration of Heterostructures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinpei Dai
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Division of Physical Biology CHINA
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Xinxin Jing
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Yinan Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Muchen Pan
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Qian Li
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Pi Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Biodesign Center 300307 Tianjin CHINA
| | - Chunhai Fan
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering No. 800, Dongchuan Road 200240 Shanghai CHINA
| | - Xiaoguo Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine No. 800 Dongchuan road 200240 Shanghai CHINA
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17
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Dai X, Chen X, Jing X, Zhang Y, Pan M, Li M, Li Q, Liu P, Fan C, Liu X. DNA Origami-Encoded Integration of Heterostructures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114190. [PMID: 34962699 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Integrating dissimilar materials at the nanoscale is crucial for modern electronics and optoelectronics. The structural DNA nanotechnology provides a universal platform for precision assembly of materials; nevertheless, heterogeneous integration of dissimilar materials with DNA nanostructures has yet to be explored. Here we report a DNA origami-encoded strategy for integrating silica-metal heterostructures. Theoretical and experimental studies reveal distinctive mechanisms for the binding and aggregation of silica and metal clusters on protruding double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) strands that are prescribed on the DNA origami template. In particular, the binding energy differences of silica/metal clusters and DNA molecules underlies the accessibilities of dissimilar material areas on DNA origami. We find that, by programming the densities and lengths of protruding dsDNA strands on DNA origami, silica and metal materials can be independently deposited at their predefined areas with a high vertical precision of 2 nm. We demonstrate the integration of silica-gold and silica-silver heterostructures with high site addressability. This DNA nanotechnology-based strategy is thus applicable for integrating various types of dissimilar materials, which opens new routes for bottom-up electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpei Dai
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Division of Physical Biology, CHINA
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Xinxin Jing
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Yinan Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Muchen Pan
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Qian Li
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Pi Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Biodesign Center, 300307, Tianjin, CHINA
| | - Chunhai Fan
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, No. 800, Dongchuan Road, 200240, Shanghai, CHINA
| | - Xiaoguo Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, No. 800 Dongchuan road, 200240, Shanghai, CHINA
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18
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Zhu H, Jin R, Chang YC, Zhu JJ, Jiang D, Lin Y, Zhu W. Understanding the Synergistic Oxidation in Dichalcogenides through Electrochemiluminescence Blinking at Millisecond Resolution. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2105039. [PMID: 34561901 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) has been extensively studied and applied in electronics, optics, and energy sources because of its tunable structure and performance. However, due to the lack of appropriate technology, dynamically observe the oxidation process remains an arduous task. Herein, the synergistic oxidation between edge and basal plane in molybdenum disulfide (MoS2 ) is observed through electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) blinking with a millisecond resolution. In addition, the ECL method provides a simple, convenient, and quick way to judge structural changes. The transient elevation of the ECL intensity proved the intermittent doping of oxygen at MoS2 , which generates O-atom active sites. High ECL intensity enhanced from the produced hydroperoxide intermediates eases the monitoring of MoS2 particles. Further study shows that the formation of sulfur vacancies at MoS2 , by the edge activation of hydrogen peroxide and the migration of oxygen to the basal plane, is more conducive to oxygen doping that favors the formation of MoOMo as new active sites to induce bursts. The revealing of sulfur vacancy-governed blinking from MoS2 indicates a complex interaction between oxygen and MoS2 . The same phenomenon is observed on tungsten disulfide (WS2 ), which provides new information about the oxidation feature of 2D dichalcogenides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhu
- School of the Environment, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Rong Jin
- School of the Environment, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Yu-Chung Chang
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- School of the Environment, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Dechen Jiang
- School of the Environment, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Yuehe Lin
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Wenlei Zhu
- School of the Environment, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
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19
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Jahn YM, Ya'akobovitz A. Outstanding stretchability and thickness-dependent mechanical properties of 2D HfS 2, HfSe 2, and hafnium oxide. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:18458-18466. [PMID: 34608919 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04240h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally determine the elastic properties of 2D HfS2 and HfSe2 - two emerging nano-materials whose moderate energy bandgap and dielectric oxidized layer make them highly attractive for functional electronic and optoelectronic systems. We found that the average Young's moduli of HfS2 and HfSe2 nano-drumheads are relatively low (45.3 ± 3.7 GPa for a 12.2 nm thick HfS2 and 39.3 ± 8.9 GPa for a 13.4 nm thick HfSe2) and depend on the thickness of the nano-drumhead (increasing with thickness for HfS2 and decreasing for HfSe2). Moreover, both materials demonstrate outstanding stretchability (fracture strength and maximal strain of 5.7 ± 0.4 GPa and 12.2-14.3%, respectively, for HfS2; fracture strength and maximal strain of 4.5 ± 1.4 GPa and 14.0-20.9%, respectively, for HfSe2), which far exceeds the stretchability of other 2D materials and of polymers that are commonly used in flexible electronic applications. Finally, we describe the controlled oxidation of HfSe2 using a relatively simple laser treatment, which increased the Young's moduli of the thin oxidized layers to 182.6 ± 54.3 GPa. The extraordinary elastic properties of HfS2 and HfSe2, together with their excellent electrical and optoelectrical properties, make these 2D materials highly attractive for use in strain engineering and in various stretchable electronic and optoelectronic applications, such as wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarden Mazal Jahn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel.
| | - Assaf Ya'akobovitz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel.
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20
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Liu L, Li Y, Huang X, Chen J, Yang Z, Xue K, Xu M, Chen H, Zhou P, Miao X. Low-Power Memristive Logic Device Enabled by Controllable Oxidation of 2D HfSe 2 for In-Memory Computing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2005038. [PMID: 34050639 PMCID: PMC8336485 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202005038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Memristive logic device is a promising unit for beyond von Neumann computing systems and 2D materials are widely used because of their controllable interfacial properties. Most of these 2D memristive devices, however, are made from semiconducting chalcogenides which fail to gate the off-state current. To this end, a crossbar device using 2D HfSe2 is fabricated, and then the top layers are oxidized into "high-k" dielectric HfSex Oy via oxygen plasma treatment, so that the cell resistance can be remarkably increased. This two-terminal Ti/HfSex Oy /HfSe2 /Au device exhibits excellent forming-free resistive switching performance with high switching speed (<50 ns), low operation voltage (<3 V), large switching window (103 ), and good data retention. Most importantly, the operation current and the power consumption reach 100 pA and 0.1 fJ to 0.1 pJ, much lower than other HfO based memristors. A functionally complete low-power Boolean logic is experimentally demonstrated using the memristive device, allowing it in the application of energy-efficient in-memory computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsSchool of Optical and Electronic InformationHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Yi Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsSchool of Optical and Electronic InformationHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Xiaodi Huang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsSchool of Optical and Electronic InformationHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Jia Chen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsSchool of Optical and Electronic InformationHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsSchool of Optical and Electronic InformationHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Kan‐Hao Xue
- Wuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsSchool of Optical and Electronic InformationHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Ming Xu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsSchool of Optical and Electronic InformationHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Huawei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and SystemSchool of MicroelectronicsFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and SystemSchool of MicroelectronicsFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Xiangshui Miao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsSchool of Optical and Electronic InformationHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
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21
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Sun Y, Niu G, Ren W, Meng X, Zhao J, Luo W, Ye ZG, Xie YH. Hybrid System Combining Two-Dimensional Materials and Ferroelectrics and Its Application in Photodetection. ACS NANO 2021; 15:10982-11013. [PMID: 34184877 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photodetectors are one of the most important components for a future "Internet-of-Things" information society. Compared to the mainstream semiconductor-based photodetectors, emerging devices based on two-dimensional (2D) materials and ferroelectrics as well as their hybrid systems have been extensively studied in recent decades due to their outstanding performances and related interesting physical, electrical, and optoelectronic phenomena. In this paper, we review the photodetection based on 2D materials and ferroelectric hybrid systems. The fundamentals of 2D and ferroelectric materials as well as the interaction in the hybrid system will be introduced. Ferroelectricity modulated optoelectronic properties in the hybrid system will be discussed in detail. After the basics and figures of merit of photodetectors are summarized, the 2D-ferroelectrics devices with different structures including p-n diodes, Schottky diodes, and field-effect transistors will be reviewed and compared. The polarization of ferroelectrics offers the possibility of the modulation and enhancement of the photodetection in the hybrid detectors, which will be discussed in depth. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of the photodetectors based on 2D ferroelectrics will be proposed. This Review outlines the important aspects of the recent development of the hybrid system of 2D and ferroelectric materials, which could interact with each other and thus lead to photodetectors with higher performances. Such a Review will be helpful for the research of emerging physical phenomena and for the design of multifunctional nanoscale electronic and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiao Sun
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Gang Niu
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ren
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiangjian Meng
- National Laboratory for Infrared Physics Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, P. R. China
| | - Jinyan Zhao
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China
| | - Zuo-Guang Ye
- Department of Chemistry and 4D Laboratories, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby V5A 1S6, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ya-Hong Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles 90024, California, United States
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22
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Patra A, Jana S, Samal P, Tran F, Kalantari L, Doumont J, Blaha P. Efficient Band Structure Calculation of Two-Dimensional Materials from Semilocal Density Functionals. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2021; 125:11206-11215. [PMID: 34084266 PMCID: PMC8165698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c02031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The experimental and theoretical realization of two-dimensional (2D) materials is of utmost importance in semiconducting applications. Computational modeling of these systems with satisfactory accuracy and computational efficiency is only feasible with semilocal density functional theory methods. In the search for the most useful method in predicting the band gap of 2D materials, we assess the accuracy of recently developed semilocal exchange-correlation (XC) energy functionals and potentials. Though the explicit forms of exchange-correlation (XC) potentials are very effective against XC energy functionals for the band gap of bulk solids, their performance needs to be investigated for 2D materials. In particular, the LMBJ [J. Chem. Theory Comput.2020, 16, 2654] and GLLB-SC [Phys. Rev. B82, 2010, 115106] potentials are considered for their dominance in bulk band gap calculation. The performance of recently developed meta generalized gradient approximations, like TASK [Phys. Rev. Res.1, 2019, 033082] and MGGAC [Phys. Rev. B. 100, 2019, 155140], is also assessed. We find that the LMBJ potential constructed for 2D materials is not as successful as its parent functional, i.e., MBJ [Phys. Rev. Lett.102, 2009, 226401] in bulk solids. Due to a contribution from the derivative discontinuity, the band gaps obtained with GLLB-SC are in a certain number of cases, albeit not systematically, larger than those obtained with other methods, which leads to better agreement with the quasi-particle band gap obtained from the GW method. The band gaps obtained with TASK and MGGAC can also be quite accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Patra
- School
of Physical Sciences, National Institute
of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
| | - Subrata Jana
- School
of Physical Sciences, National Institute
of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
| | - Prasanjit Samal
- School
of Physical Sciences, National Institute
of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
| | - Fabien Tran
- Institute
of Materials Chemistry, Vienna University
of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/165-TC, Vienna A-1060, Austria
| | - Leila Kalantari
- Institute
of Materials Chemistry, Vienna University
of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/165-TC, Vienna A-1060, Austria
| | - Jan Doumont
- Institute
of Materials Chemistry, Vienna University
of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/165-TC, Vienna A-1060, Austria
| | - Peter Blaha
- Institute
of Materials Chemistry, Vienna University
of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/165-TC, Vienna A-1060, Austria
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23
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Andrada-Chacón A, Morales-García Á, Salvadó MA, Pertierra P, Franco R, Garbarino G, Taravillo M, Barreda-Argüeso JA, González J, García Baonza V, Recio JM, Sánchez-Benítez J. Pressure-Driven Metallization in Hafnium Diselenide. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:1746-1754. [PMID: 33449624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The quest for new transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with outstanding electronic properties operating under ambient conditions draws us to investigate the 1T-HfSe2 polytype under hydrostatic pressure. Diamond anvil cell (DAC) devices coupled to in situ synchrotron X-ray, Raman, and optical (VIS-NIR) absorption experiments along with density functional theory (DFT)-based calculations prove that (i) bulk 1T-HfSe2 exhibits strong structural and vibrational anisotropies, being the interlayer direction especially sensitive to pressure changes, (ii) the indirect gap of 1T-HfSe2 tends to vanish by a -0.1 eV/GPa pressure rate, slightly faster than MoS2 or WS2, (iii) the onset of the metallic behavior appears at Pmet ∼10 GPa, which is to date the lowest pressure among common TMDs, and finally, (iv) the electronic transition is explained by the bulk modulus B0-Pmet correlation, along with the pressure coefficient of the band gap, in terms of the electronic overlap between chalcogenide p-type and metal d-type orbitals. Overall, our findings identify 1T-HfSe2 as a new efficient TMD material with potential multipurpose technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Andrada-Chacón
- MALTA-Consolider Team, Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Ángel Morales-García
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/ Martí i Franquès, 1-11, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Miguel A Salvadó
- MALTA-Consolider Team, Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - Pilar Pertierra
- MALTA-Consolider Team, Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - Ruth Franco
- MALTA-Consolider Team, Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - Gastón Garbarino
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, Cedex 9, Grenoble 38043, France
| | - Mercedes Taravillo
- MALTA-Consolider Team, Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | | | - Jesús González
- MALTA-Consolider Team, CITIMAC, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39005, Spain
| | - Valentín García Baonza
- MALTA-Consolider Team, Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - J Manuel Recio
- MALTA-Consolider Team, Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - Javier Sánchez-Benítez
- MALTA-Consolider Team, Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
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Chowdhury T, Sadler EC, Kempa TJ. Progress and Prospects in Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide Research Beyond 2D. Chem Rev 2020; 120:12563-12591. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomojit Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 21218, United States
| | - Erick C. Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 21218, United States
| | - Thomas J. Kempa
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 21218, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 21218, United States
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25
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Choi BK, Ulstrup S, Gunasekera SM, Kim J, Lim SY, Moreschini L, Oh JS, Chun SH, Jozwiak C, Bostwick A, Rotenberg E, Cheong H, Lyo IW, Mucha-Kruczynski M, Chang YJ. Visualizing Orbital Content of Electronic Bands in Anisotropic 2D Semiconducting ReSe 2. ACS NANO 2020; 14:7880-7891. [PMID: 32463224 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Many properties of layered materials change as they are thinned from their bulk forms down to single layers, with examples including indirect-to-direct band gap transition in 2H semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides as well as thickness-dependent changes in the valence band structure in post-transition-metal monochalcogenides and black phosphorus. Here, we use angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to study the electronic band structure of monolayer ReSe2, a semiconductor with a distorted 1T structure and in-plane anisotropy. By changing the polarization of incoming photons, we demonstrate that for ReSe2, in contrast to the 2H materials, the out-of-plane transition metal dz2 and chalcogen pz orbitals do not contribute significantly to the top of the valence band, which explains the reported weak changes in the electronic structure of this compound as a function of layer number. We estimate a band gap of 1.7 eV in pristine ReSe2 using scanning tunneling spectroscopy and explore the implications on the gap following surface doping with potassium. A lower bound of 1.4 eV is estimated for the gap in the fully doped case, suggesting that doping-dependent many-body effects significantly affect the electronic properties of ReSe2. Our results, supported by density functional theory calculations, provide insight into the mechanisms behind polarization-dependent optical properties of rhenium dichalcogenides and highlight their place among two-dimensional crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Ki Choi
- Department of Physics, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Søren Ulstrup
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Surani M Gunasekera
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Jiho Kim
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Lim
- Department of Physics, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Luca Moreschini
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ji Seop Oh
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Chun
- Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Chris Jozwiak
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Aaron Bostwick
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eli Rotenberg
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Hyeonsik Cheong
- Department of Physics, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Whan Lyo
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Marcin Mucha-Kruczynski
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Young Jun Chang
- Department of Physics, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
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Molecular Adsorption of NH 3 and NO 2 on Zr and Hf Dichalcogenides (S, Se, Te) Monolayers: A Density Functional Theory Study. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10061215. [PMID: 32580390 PMCID: PMC7353110 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to their atomic thicknesses and semiconducting properties, two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are gaining increasing research interest. Among them, Hf- and Zr-based TMDCs demonstrate the unique advantage that their oxides (HfO2 and ZrO2) are excellent dielectric materials. One possible method to precisely tune the material properties of two-dimensional atomically thin nanomaterials is to adsorb molecules on their surfaces as non-bonded dopants. In the present work, the molecular adsorption of NO2 and NH3 on the two-dimensional trigonal prismatic (1H) and octahedral (1T) phases of Hf and Zr dichalcogenides (S, Se, Te) is studied using dispersion-corrected periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The adsorption configuration, energy, and charge-transfer properties during molecular adsorption are investigated. In addition, the effects of the molecular dopants (NH3 and NO2) on the electronic structure of the materials are studied. It was observed that the adsorbed NH3 donates electrons to the conduction band of the Hf (Zr) dichalcogenides, while NO2 receives electrons from the valance band. Furthermore, the NO2 dopant affects than NH3 significantly. The resulting band structure of the molecularly doped Zr and Hf dichalcogenides are modulated by the molecular adsorbates. This study explores, not only the properties of the two-dimensional 1H and 1T phases of Hf and Zr dichalcogenides (S, Se, Te), but also tunes their electronic properties by adsorbing non-bonded dopants.
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Dimple, Mohanta MK, Rawat A, Jena N, Ahammed R, De Sarkar A. Ultra-low lattice thermal conductivity and giant phonon-electric field coupling in hafnium dichalcogenide monolayers. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:315301. [PMID: 32378516 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab7e5f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phonons in crystalline solids are of utmost importance in governing its lattice thermal conductivity (k L). In this work, k L in hafnium (Hf) dichalcogenide monolayers has been investigated based on ab initio DFT coupled to linearized Boltzmann transport equation together with single-mode relaxation-time approximation. Ultra-low k L found in HfS2 (2.19 W m-1 K-1), HfSe2 (1.23 W m-1 K-1) and HfSSe (1.78 W m-1 K-1) monolayers at 300 K, is comparable to that of the state-of-art bulk thermoelectric materials, such as, Bi2Te3 (1.6 W m-1 K-1), PbTe (2.2 W m-1 K-1) and SnSe (2.6 W m-1 K-1). Gigantic longitudinal-transverse optical (LO-TO) splitting of up to 147.7 cm-1 is noticed at the Brillouin zone-centre (Γ-point), which is much higher than that in MoS2 single layer (∼2 cm-1). It is driven by the colossal phonon-electric field coupling arising from the domination of ionic character in the interatomic bonds and Born effective or dynamical charges as high as 7.4e on the Hf ions, which is seven times that on Mo in MoS2 single layer. Enhancement in k L occurs in HfS2 (2.19 to 4.1 W m-1 K-1), HfSe2 (1.23 to 1.7 W m-1 K-1) and HfSSe (1.78 to 2.2 W m-1 K-1) upon the incorporation of the non-analytic correction term. Furthermore, the mode Grüneisen parameter is calculated to be as high as ∼2.0, at room temperature, indicating a strong anharmonicity. Moreover, the contribution of optical phonons to k L is found to be ∼12%, which is significantly high than that in single-layer MoS2. Large atomic mass of Hf (178.5 u), small phonon group velocities (4-5 km s-1), low Debye temperature (∼166 K), low bond and elastic stiffness (Young's modulus ∼75 N m-1), small phonon lifetimes (∼6 ps), low specific heat capacity (∼17 J K-1 mol-1) and strong anharmonicity are collectively found to be the factors responsible for such a low k L. These findings would be immensely helpful in designing thermoelectric interconnects at the nanoscale and 2D material-based energy harvesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimple
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab-160062, India
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28
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Wei Y, Hu C, Li Y, Hu X, Hohage M, Sun L. Growth oscillation of MoSe 2 monolayers observed by differential reflectance spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:155001. [PMID: 31851955 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab634b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The precisely controlled growth of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) monolayers requires sensitive and nondestructive techniques to monitor the morphology and coverage in situ and in real time. In the current work, differential reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) was applied to monitor the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth of atomically thin MoSe2 layers on mica. The optical evolution exhibits an oscillation with monolayer periodicity, revealing a two-dimensional (2D) layer-by-layer growth of the MoSe2 thin films. The observed sensitivity of DRS to the step density is associated to the modified electronic structures at the edges of TMDC monolayers. As DRS works in any transparent ambient, we speculate that it could be of great use for realizing precisely controlled growth of TMDC monolayers using not only MBE but also chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Nanchang Institute for Microtechnology of Tianjin University, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Nankai District 300072 Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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29
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Wu X, Zhou Z, Yin J, Zhang M, Zhou L, Na Q, Wang J, Yu Y, Wang J, Chi R, Yan P. Ultrafast fiber laser based on HfSe 2 saturable absorber. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:245204. [PMID: 32101804 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab7a2f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the HfSe2 saturable absorber (SA) for the generation of ultrafast pulse laser. The HfSe2 SA device is fabricated by integrating HfSe2 nanosheets (NSs) with a microfiber. The material and optical characteristics of HfSe2 NSs show their high quality. The nonlinear optical absorption of HfSe2 SA is measured with a modulation depth of 5.8%. Stable soliton mode-locked laser based on HfSe2 SA is realized at the central wavelength of 1561.43 nm with pulse duration of 297 fs and the maximum pulse energy of 2.68 nJ. Our soliton fiber laser has a maximum output power of 48.5 mW with a high slope efficiency of 12.8%, which indicate that HfSe2 is a good candidate of SA for high efficient ultrashort pulses generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China. Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenzhen Technical University, Shenzhen 518118, People's Republic of China
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30
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Electronic and optical properties of the ZrS2/HfSe2 van der Waals heterobilayer with native type-II band alignment. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.136703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Das T, Di Liberto G, Tosoni S, Pacchioni G. Band Gap of 3D Metal Oxides and Quasi-2D Materials from Hybrid Density Functional Theory: Are Dielectric-Dependent Functionals Superior? J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:6294-6312. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tilak Das
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano—Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Liberto
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano—Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Sergio Tosoni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano—Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pacchioni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano—Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
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32
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Cho K, Pak J, Chung S, Lee T. Recent Advances in Interface Engineering of Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides with Organic Molecules and Polymers. ACS NANO 2019; 13:9713-9734. [PMID: 31330111 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b02540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The interface engineering of two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) has been regarded as a promising strategy to modulate their outstanding electrical and optoelectronic properties because of their inherent 2D nature and large surface-to-volume ratio. In particular, introducing organic molecules and polymers directly onto the surface of TMDs has been explored to passivate the surface defects or achieve better interfacial properties with neighboring surfaces efficiently, thus leading to great opportunities for the realization of high-performance TMD-based applications. This review provides recent progress in the interface engineering of TMDs with organic molecules and polymers corresponding to the modulation of their electrical and optoelectronic characteristics. Depending on the interfaces between the surface of TMDs and dielectric, conductive contacts or the ambient environment, we present various strategies to introduce an organic interlayer from materials to processing. In addition, the role of native defects on the surface of TMDs, such as adatoms or vacancies, in determining their electrical characteristics is also discussed in detail. Finally, the future challenges and opportunities associated with the interface engineering are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungjune Cho
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Jinsu Pak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Seungjun Chung
- Photo-electronic Hybrids Research Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul 02792 , Korea
| | - Takhee Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
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33
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Obiakara C, Liao CK, Mahmoud MA. Mechanical Exfoliation Assisted by Molecular Tweezers for Production of Sulfur-Based Semiconducting Two-Dimensional Materials. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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Zhou J, Shen L, Costa MD, Persson KA, Ong SP, Huck P, Lu Y, Ma X, Chen Y, Tang H, Feng YP. 2DMatPedia, an open computational database of two-dimensional materials from top-down and bottom-up approaches. Sci Data 2019; 6:86. [PMID: 31189922 PMCID: PMC6561947 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-019-0097-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have been a hot research topic in the last decade, due to novel fundamental physics in the reduced dimension and appealing applications. Systematic discovery of functional 2D materials has been the focus of many studies. Here, we present a large dataset of 2D materials, with more than 6,000 monolayer structures, obtained from both top-down and bottom-up discovery procedures. First, we screened all bulk materials in the database of Materials Project for layered structures by a topology-based algorithm and theoretically exfoliated them into monolayers. Then, we generated new 2D materials by chemical substitution of elements in known 2D materials by others from the same group in the periodic table. The structural, electronic and energetic properties of these 2D materials are consistently calculated, to provide a starting point for further material screening, data mining, data analysis and artificial intelligence applications. We present the details of computational methodology, data record and technical validation of our publicly available data ( http://www.2dmatpedia.org/ ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Miguel Dias Costa
- Centre for Advanced Two-dimensional Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117546, Singapore
| | - Kristin A Persson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Shyue Ping Ong
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Patrick Huck
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Yunhao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiaoyang Ma
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
| | - Yiming Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Hanmei Tang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Yuan Ping Feng
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117551, Singapore.
- Centre for Advanced Two-dimensional Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117546, Singapore.
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35
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Yang G, Yan P, Zhu C, Gu Y, Lu N, Xue J, Zhang X, Sun R, Fang X. Selenium Vacancy–Enhanced Gas Adsorption of Monolayer Hafnium Diselenide (HfSe2) from a Theoretical Perspective. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201900052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Yang
- School of Science, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Pengfei Yan
- School of Science, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Chun Zhu
- School of Science, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Yan Gu
- School of Science, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Naiyan Lu
- School of Science, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Junjun Xue
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xiumei Zhang
- School of Science, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Rui Sun
- School of Science, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Xiudong Fang
- School of Science, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
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36
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Di Bartolomeo A, Urban F, Passacantando M, McEvoy N, Peters L, Iemmo L, Luongo G, Romeo F, Giubileo F. A WSe 2 vertical field emission transistor. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:1538-1548. [PMID: 30629066 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09068h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report the first observation of a gate-controlled field emission current from a tungsten diselenide (WSe2) monolayer, synthesized by chemical-vapour deposition on a SiO2/Si substrate. Ni contacted WSe2 monolayer back-gated transistors, under high vacuum, exhibit n-type conduction and drain-bias dependent transfer characteristics, which are attributed to oxygen/water desorption and drain induced Schottky barrier lowering, respectively. The gate-tuned n-type conduction enables field emission, i.e. the extraction of electrons by quantum tunnelling, even from the flat part of the WSe2 monolayers. Electron emission occurs under an electric field ∼100 V μm-1 and exhibits good time stability. Remarkably, the field emission current can be modulated by the back-gate voltage. The first field-emission vertical transistor based on the WSe2 monolayer is thus demonstrated and can pave the way to further optimize new WSe2 based devices for use in vacuum electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Bartolomeo
- Physics Department "E. R. Caianiello", University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, Fisciano 84084, Italy.
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37
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Yan P, Gao GY, Ding GQ, Qin D. Bilayer MSe2 (M = Zr, Hf) as promising two-dimensional thermoelectric materials: a first-principles study. RSC Adv 2019; 9:12394-12403. [PMID: 35515840 PMCID: PMC9063645 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00586b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Motivated by experimental synthesis of two-dimensional MSe2 (M = Zr, Hf) thin films, we investigate the thermoelectric transport properties of MSe2 (M = Zr, Hf) bilayers by using first-principles calculations and Boltzmann transport theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yan
- Physics Department
- Binzhou Medical University
- 264003 Yantai
- P. R. China
| | - Guo-ying Gao
- School of Physics
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- 430074 Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Guang-qian Ding
- School of Science
- Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications
- 400065 Chongqing
- P. R. China
| | - Dan Qin
- Physics Department
- Binzhou Medical University
- 264003 Yantai
- P. R. China
- School of Physics
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38
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Yao Q, Zhang L, Bampoulis P, Zandvliet HJW. Nanoscale Investigation of Defects and Oxidation of HfSe 2. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2018; 122:25498-25505. [PMID: 30450151 PMCID: PMC6231157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b08713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
HfSe2 is a very good candidate for a transition metal dichalcogenide-based field-effect transistor owing to its moderate band gap of about 1 eV and its high-κ dielectric native oxide. Unfortunately, the experimentally determined charge carrier mobility is about 3 orders of magnitude lower than the theoretically predicted value. This strong deviation calls for a detailed investigation of the physical and electronic properties of HfSe2. Here, we have studied the structure, density, and density of states of several types of defects that are abundant on the HfSe2 surface using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. Compared to MoS2 and WSe2, HfSe2 exhibits similar type of defects, albeit with a substantially higher density of 9 × 1011 cm-2. The most abundant defect is a subsurface defect, which shows up as a dim feature in scanning tunneling microscopy images. These dim dark defects have a substantially larger band gap (1.25 eV) than the pristine surface (1 eV), suggesting a substitution of the Hf atom by another atom. The high density of defects on the HfSe2 surface leads to very low Schottky barrier heights. Conductive atomic force microscopy measurements reveal a very small dependence of the Schottky barrier height on the work function of the metals, suggesting a strong Fermi-level pinning. We attribute the observed Fermi-level pinning (pinning factor ∼0.1) to surface distortions and Se/Hf defects. In addition, we have also studied the HfSe2 surface after the exposure to air by scanning tunneling microscopy and conductive atomic force microscopy. Partly oxidized layers with band gaps of 2 eV and Schottky barrier heights of ∼0.6 eV were readily found on the surface. Our experiments reveal that HfSe2 is very air-sensitive, implying that capping or encapsulating of HfSe2, in order to protect it against oxidation, is a necessity for technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirong Yao
- Physics
of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Lijie Zhang
- School
of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, 410082 Changsha, China
| | - Pantelis Bampoulis
- Physics
of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Harold J. W. Zandvliet
- Physics
of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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39
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Wang D, Zhang X, Guo G, Gao S, Li X, Meng J, Yin Z, Liu H, Gao M, Cheng L, You J, Wang R. Large-Area Synthesis of Layered HfS 2(1- x )Se 2 x Alloys with Fully Tunable Chemical Compositions and Bandgaps. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1803285. [PMID: 30589474 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Alloying transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with different compositions is demonstrated as an effective way to acquire 2D semiconductors with widely tunable bandgaps. Herein, for the first time, the large-area synthesis of layered HfS2(1- x )Se2 x alloys with fully tunable chemical compositions on sapphire by chemical vapor deposition is reported, greatly expanding and enriching the family of 2D TMDs semiconductors. The configuration and high quality of their crystal structure are confirmed by various characterization techniques, and the bandgap of these alloys can be continually modulated from 2.64 to 1.94 eV with composition variations. Furthermore, prototype HfS2(1- x )Se2 x photodetectors with different Se compositions are fabricated, and the HfSe2 photodetector manifests the best performance among all the tested HfS2(1- x )Se2 x devices. Remarkably, by introducing a hexagonal boron nitride layer, the performance of the HfSe2 photodetector is greatly improved, exhibiting a high on/off ratio exceeding 105, an ultrafast response time of about 190 µs, and a high detectivity of 1012 Jones. This simple and controllable approach opens up a new way to produce high-quality 2D HfS2(1- x )Se2 x layers, which are highly qualified candidates for the next-generation application in high-performance optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denggui Wang
- Key Lab of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- Key Lab of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Gencai Guo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Shihan Gao
- Key Lab of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Key Lab of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Junhua Meng
- Key Lab of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Yin
- Key Lab of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Heng Liu
- Key Lab of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Menglei Gao
- Key Lab of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Likun Cheng
- Key Lab of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jingbi You
- Key Lab of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ruzhi Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
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Spontaneous doping of the basal plane of MoS2 single layers through oxygen substitution under ambient conditions. Nat Chem 2018; 10:1246-1251. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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High-pressure Raman scattering in bulk HfS 2: comparison of density functional theory methods in layered MS 2 compounds (M = Hf, Mo) under compression. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12757. [PMID: 30143712 PMCID: PMC6109144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31051-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We report high-pressure Raman-scattering measurements on the transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) compound HfS2. The aim of this work is twofold: (i) to investigate the high-pressure behavior of the zone-center optical phonon modes of HfS2 and experimentally determine the linear pressure coefficients and mode Grüneisen parameters of this material; (ii) to test the validity of different density functional theory (DFT) approaches in order to predict the lattice-dynamical properties of HfS2 under pressure. For this purpose, the experimental results are compared with the results of DFT calculations performed with different functionals, with and without Van der Waals (vdW) interaction. We find that DFT calculations within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) properly describe the high-pressure lattice dynamics of HfS2 when vdW interactions are taken into account. In contrast, we show that DFT within the local density approximation (LDA), which is widely used to predict structural and vibrational properties at ambient conditions in 2D compounds, fails to reproduce the behavior of HfS2 under compression. Similar conclusions are reached in the case of MoS2. This suggests that large errors may be introduced if the compressibility and Grüneisen parameters of bulk TMDCs are calculated with bare DFT-LDA. Therefore, the validity of different approaches to calculate the structural and vibrational properties of bulk and few-layered vdW materials under compression should be carefully assessed.
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Nie Y, Barton AT, Addou R, Zheng Y, Walsh LA, Eichfeld SM, Yue R, Cormier CR, Zhang C, Wang Q, Liang C, Robinson JA, Kim M, Vandenberghe W, Colombo L, Cha PR, Wallace RM, Hinkle CL, Cho K. Dislocation driven spiral and non-spiral growth in layered chalcogenides. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:15023-15034. [PMID: 30052245 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02280a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials have shown great promise for implementation in next-generation devices. However, controlling the film thickness during epitaxial growth remains elusive and must be fully understood before wide scale industrial application. Currently, uncontrolled multilayer growth is frequently observed, and not only does this growth mode contradict theoretical expectations, but it also breaks the inversion symmetry of the bulk crystal. In this work, a multiscale theoretical investigation aided by experimental evidence is carried out to identify the mechanism of such an unconventional, yet widely observed multilayer growth in the epitaxy of layered materials. This work reveals the subtle mechanistic similarities between multilayer concentric growth and spiral growth. Using the combination of experimental demonstration and simulations, this work presents an extended analysis of the driving forces behind this non-ideal growth mode, and the conditions that promote the formation of these defects. Our study shows that multilayer growth can be a result of both chalcogen deficiency and chalcogen excess: the former causes metal clustering as nucleation defects, and the latter generates in-domain step edges facilitating multilayer growth. Based on this fundamental understanding, our findings provide guidelines for the narrow window of growth conditions which enables large-area, layer-by-layer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Nie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA.
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Rehman SU, Ding ZJ. Enhanced electronic and optical properties of three TMD heterobilayers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:16604-16614. [PMID: 29873344 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02995d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The physical and chemical properties of monolayers can be tuned by selective combinations so as to be useful for device applications. Here we present a density functional theory study on the structural, electronic and optical properties of three transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) heterobilayers, ZrS2/HfS2, ZrSe2/HfSe2 and SnS2/SnSe2. These heterobilayers are predicted to be energetically and dynamically stable structures. The band structure calculation result shows that ZrS2/HfS2, ZrSe2/HfSe2 and SnS2/SnSe2 heterobilayers are semiconductors with indirect band gaps. The efficient charge carrier separation in ZrS2/HfS2 and ZrSe2/HfSe2 heterobilayers indicates that they can be employed in energy harvesting devices. Contrary to the previous report on the ZrS2/HfS2 heterobilayer, we found it to have an intrinsic type-II band alignment which is required in p-n junction diodes and tunnel field effect transistors, and the same behavior was observed in ZrSe2/HfSe2 and SnS2/SnSe2 for the first time. The ZrS2/HfS2 and ZrSe2/HfSe2 heterobilayers reveal enhanced optical absorption both in the ultraviolet and visible regions as compared to their respective monolayers, whereas the parallel and perpendicular part of the optical absorption of the SnS2/SnSe2 heterobilayer revealed an anisotropic behavior; the perpendicular part is largely improved in the higher energy region, and the parallel part of the optical absorption is improved in the ultraviolet region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafiq Ur Rehman
- Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China.
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Giri A, Park G, Yang H, Pal M, Kwak J, Jeong U. Synthesis of 2D Metal Chalcogenide Thin Films through the Process Involving Solution-Phase Deposition. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1707577. [PMID: 29687479 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201707577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
2D metal chalcogenide thin films have recently attracted considerable attention owing to their unique physicochemical properties and great potential in a variety of applications. Synthesis of large-area 2D metal chalcogenide thin films in controllable ways remains a key challenge in this research field. Recently, the solution-based synthesis of 2D metal chalcogenide thin films has emerged as an alternative approach to vacuum-based synthesis because it is relatively simple and easy to scale up for high-throughput production. In addition, solution-based thin films open new opportunities that cannot be achieved from vacuum-based thin films. Here, a comprehensive summary regarding the basic structures and properties of different types of 2D metal chalcogenides, the mechanistic details of the chemical reactions in the synthesis of the metal chalcogenide thin films, recent successes in the synthesis by different reaction approaches, and the applications and potential uses is provided. In the last perspective section, the technical challenges to be overcome and the future research directions in the solution-based synthesis of 2D metal chalcogenides are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Giri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-Ro 77, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 790-784, Korea
| | - Gyeongbae Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-Ro 77, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 790-784, Korea
| | - Heeseung Yang
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Monalisa Pal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-Ro 77, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 790-784, Korea
| | - Junghyeok Kwak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-Ro 77, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 790-784, Korea
| | - Unyong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-Ro 77, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 790-784, Korea
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45
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Ding G, Wang C, Gao G, Yao K, Dun C, Feng C, Li D, Zhang G. Engineering of charge carriers via a two-dimensional heterostructure to enhance the thermoelectric figure of merit. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:7077-7084. [PMID: 29616246 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr09029c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
High band degeneracy and glassy phonon transport are two remarkable features of highly efficient thermoelectric (TE) materials. The former promotes the power factor, while the latter aims to break the lower limit of lattice thermal conductivity through phonon scattering. Herein, we use the unique possibility offered by a two-dimensional superlattice-monolayer structure (SLM) to engineer the band degeneracy, charge density and phonon spectrum to maximize the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT). First-principles calculations with Boltzmann transport equations reveal that the conduction bands of ZrSe2/HfSe2 SLM possess a highly degenerate level which gives a high n-type power factor; at the same time, the stair-like density of states yields a high Seebeck coefficient. These characteristics are absent in the individual monolayers. In addition, the SLM shows a suppressed lattice thermal conductivity along the superlattice period as phonons are effectively scattered by the interfaces. An intrinsic ZT of 5.3 (300 K) is achieved in n-type SLM, and it is 3.2 in the p-type counterpart. Compared with the theoretical predictions calculated with the same level of accuracy, these values are at least four-fold higher than those in the two parent materials, monolayer ZrSe2 and HfSe2. Our results provide a new strategy for the maximum thermoelectric performance, and clearly demonstrate the advantage of two-dimensional material heterostructures in the application of renewable energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqian Ding
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065, China.
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Tsipas P, Tsoutsou D, Fragkos S, Sant R, Alvarez C, Okuno H, Renaud G, Alcotte R, Baron T, Dimoulas A. Massless Dirac Fermions in ZrTe 2 Semimetal Grown on InAs(111) by van der Waals Epitaxy. ACS NANO 2018; 12:1696-1703. [PMID: 29314824 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b08350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Single and few layers of the two-dimensional (2D) semimetal ZrTe2 are grown by molecular beam epitaxy on InAs(111)/Si(111) substrates. Excellent rotational commensurability, van der Waals gap at the interface and moiré pattern are observed indicating good registry between the ZrTe2 epilayer and the substrate through weak van der Waals forces. The electronic band structure imaged by angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy shows that valence and conduction bands cross at the Fermi level exhibiting abrupt linear dispersions. The latter indicates massless Dirac Fermions which are maintained down to the 2D limit suggesting that single-layer ZrTe2 could be considered as the electronic analogue of graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polychronis Tsipas
- National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos" , 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Tsoutsou
- National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos" , 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios Fragkos
- National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos" , 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Roberto Sant
- University Grenoble Alpes , 38400 Grenoble, France
- Néel Institute, CNRS , 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Carlos Alvarez
- University Grenoble Alpes , 38400 Grenoble, France
- CEA/INAC-MEM , F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Hanako Okuno
- University Grenoble Alpes , 38400 Grenoble, France
- CEA/INAC-MEM , F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Gilles Renaud
- University Grenoble Alpes , 38400 Grenoble, France
- CEA/INAC-MEM , F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Reynald Alcotte
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA/Leti Minatec, LTM , F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Thierry Baron
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA/Leti Minatec, LTM , F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Zhou K, Wickramaratne D, Ge S, Su S, De A, Lake RK. Interlayer resistance of misoriented MoS 2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:10406-10412. [PMID: 28379226 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08927e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Interlayer misorientation in transition metal dichalcogenides alters their interlayer distance, total energy, electronic band structure, and vibrational modes, but its effect on the interlayer resistance is not known. This study analyzes the interlayer resistance of misoriented bilayer MoS2 as a function of the misorientation angle, and it shows that interlayer misorientation exponentially increases the electron resistivity while leaving the hole resistivity almost unchanged. The physics, determined by the wave functions at the high symmetry points, are generic among the popular semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). The asymmetrical effect of misorientation on the electron and hole transport may be exploited in the design and optimization of vertical transport devices such as a bipolar transistor. Density functional theory provides the interlayer coupling elements used for the resistivity calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Zhou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0204
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Duong DL, Yun SJ, Lee YH. van der Waals Layered Materials: Opportunities and Challenges. ACS NANO 2017; 11:11803-11830. [PMID: 29219304 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b07436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Since graphene became available by a scotch tape technique, a vast class of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) layered materials has been researched intensively. What is more intriguing is that the well-known physics and chemistry of three-dimensional (3D) bulk materials are often irrelevant, revealing exotic phenomena in 2D vdW materials. By further constructing heterostructures of these materials in the planar and vertical directions, which can be easily achieved via simple exfoliation techniques, numerous quantum mechanical devices have been demonstrated for fundamental research and technological applications. It is, therefore, necessary to review the special features in 2D vdW materials and to discuss the remaining issues and challenges. Here, we review the vdW materials library, technology relevance, and specialties of vdW materials covering the vdW interaction, strong Coulomb interaction, layer dependence, dielectric screening engineering, work function modulation, phase engineering, heterostructures, stability, growth issues, and the remaining challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh Loc Duong
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Joon Yun
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hee Lee
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Song X, Guo Z, Zhang Q, Zhou P, Bao W, Zhang DW. Progress of Large-Scale Synthesis and Electronic Device Application of Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1700098. [PMID: 28722346 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201700098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The recent exploration of semiconducting two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with atomic thickness has taken both the scientific and technological communities by storm. Extensively investigated TMD that are accessible by large-scale synthetic methods materials are remarkably stable, such as MoS2 and WSe2 . They allow superior gate control due to their 2D nature and favorable electronic transport properties, thus suggesting a bright future for digital and RF electronics. In this review, the latest developments in the controlled synthesis of large scale TMDs are firstly introduced by discussing various approaches. The major obstacles that must be overcome to achieve wafer-scale, uniform, and high-quality TMD films for practical electronic applications are included. Advances in the electronic transport studies of TMDs are presented, such as doping, contact engineering, and mobility improvement, which contribute to overall device performance. A perspective and a look at the future for this field is provided in closing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongfei Song
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhongxun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qiaochu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wenzhong Bao
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - David Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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