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Lu J, Deng Y, Liu P, Han Q, Jin LY. Self-assembly of β-cyclodextrin-pillar[5]arene molecules into supramolecular nanoassemblies: morphology control by stimulus responsiveness and host-guest interactions. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:4282-4290. [PMID: 36762519 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr07097a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Macrocyclic molecules have attracted considerable attention as new functional materials owing to their unique pore size structure and excellent host-guest properties. With the development of macrocyclic compounds, the properties of mono-modified macrocyclic materials can be improved by incorporating pillar[n]arene or cyclodextrin derivatives through bridge bonds. Herein, we report the self-assembly of amphiphilic di-macrocyclic host molecules (H1-2) based on β-cyclodextrin and pillar[5]arene units linked by azophenyl or biphenyl groups. In a H2O/DMSO (19 : 1, v/v) mixed polar solvent, an amphiphile H1 with an azophenyl group self-assembled into unique nanorings and exhibited an obvious photoresponsive colour change. This photochromic behaviour makes H1 suitable for application in carbon paper materials on which arbitrary patterns can be erased and rewritten. The amphiphile H2, with a biphenyl unit, self-assembled into spherical micelles. These differences indicate that various linker units lead to changes in the intermolecular and hydrophilic-hydrophobic interactions. In a CHCl3/DMSO (19 : 1, v/v) mixed low-polarity solvent, the amphiphile H1 self-assembled into fibrous aggregates, whereas the molecule H2 assembled into unique nanoring aggregates. In this CHCl3/DMSO mixed solvent system, small nanosheet aggregates were formed by the addition of a guest molecule (G) composed of tetraphenylethene and hexanenitrile groups. With prolonged aggregation time, the small sheet aggregates further aggregated into cross-linked nanoribbons and eventually formed large nanosheet aggregates. The data reveal that the morphology of H1-2 can be controlled by tuning the intermolecular interactions of the molecules via the formation of host-guest complexes. Moreover, the polyhydroxy cyclodextrin unit on H1-2 can be strongly adsorbed on the stationary phase in column chromatography via multiple hydrogen bonds, and the singly modified pillar[5]arenes can be successfully separated by host-guest interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, P. R. China.
| | - Yingying Deng
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, P. R. China.
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, P. R. China.
| | - Qingqing Han
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, P. R. China.
| | - Long Yi Jin
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, P. R. China.
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Wang X, Hu W, Yang Y, Liao Y, Law WC, Tang CY. Photodegradable and pH responsive nanocapsules encapsulated with upconversion nanoparticles for diagnosis and treatment. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Song G, He Y, Zhang X, Liu Y, Ju H. A DNA–Azobenzene Nanopump Fueled by Upconversion Luminescence for Controllable Intracellular Drug Release. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life ScienceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life ScienceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Guobin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life ScienceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yuling He
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life ScienceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life ScienceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life ScienceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life ScienceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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4
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Song G, He Y, Zhang X, Liu Y, Ju H. A DNA-Azobenzene Nanopump Fueled by Upconversion Luminescence for Controllable Intracellular Drug Release. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18207-18211. [PMID: 31583799 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Stimulus-responsive drug release possesses considerable significance in cancer therapy. This work reports an upconversion-luminescence-fueled DNA-azobenzene nanopump for rapid and efficient drug release. The nanopump is constructed by assembling the azobenzene-functionalized DNA strands on upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). Doxorubicin (DOX) is loaded in the nanopump by intercalation in the DNA helix. Under NIR light, the UCNPs emit both UV and visible photons to fuel the continuous photoisomerization of azo, which acts as an impeller pump to trigger cyclic DNA hybridization and dehybridization for controllable DOX release. In a relatively short period, this system demonstrates 86.7 % DOX release. By assembling HIV-1 TAT peptide and hyaluronic acid on the system, targeting of the cancer-cell nucleus is achieved for perinuclear aggregation of DOX and enhanced anticancer therapy. This highly effective drug delivery nanopump could contribute to chemotherapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Guobin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuling He
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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5
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Tham HP, Xu K, Lim WQ, Chen H, Zheng M, Thng TGS, Venkatraman SS, Xu C, Zhao Y. Microneedle-Assisted Topical Delivery of Photodynamically Active Mesoporous Formulation for Combination Therapy of Deep-Seated Melanoma. ACS NANO 2018; 12:11936-11948. [PMID: 30444343 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b03007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Topical treatment using photodynamic therapy (PDT) for many types of skin cancers has largely been limited by the inability of existing photosensitizers to penetrate into the deep skin tissue. To overcome these problems, we developed a mesoporous nanovehicle with dual loading of photosensitizers and clinically relevant drugs for combination therapy, while utilizing microneedle technology to facilitate their penetration into deep skin tissue. Sub-50 nm photodynamically active mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles were synthesized with photosensitizers covalently bonded to the silica matrix, which dramatically increased the quantum yield and photostability of these photosensitizers. The mesopores of the nanoparticles were further loaded with small-molecule inhibitors, i. e., dabrafenib and trametinib, that target the hyperactive mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway for melanoma treatment. As-prepared empty nanovehicle was cytocompatible with normal skin cells in the dark, while NIR-irradiated drug-loaded nanovehicle showed a synergistic killing effect on skin cancer cells mainly through reactive oxygen species and caspase-activated apoptosis. The nanovehicle could significantly inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells in a 3D spheroid model in vitro. Porcine skin fluorescence imaging demonstrated that microneedles could facilitate the penetration of nanovehicle across the epidermis layer of skin to reach deep-seated melanoma sites. Tumor regression studies in a xenografted melanoma mouse model confirmed superior therapeutic efficacy of the nanovehicle through combinational PDT and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Phoebe Tham
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 , Singapore
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , 637371 , Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 , Singapore
| | - Keming Xu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjia Alley , Nanjing 210008 , China
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 70 Nanyang Drive , 637457 , Singapore
| | - Wei Qi Lim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 , Singapore
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , 637371 , Singapore
| | - Hongzhong Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , 637371 , Singapore
| | - Mengjia Zheng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 70 Nanyang Drive , 637457 , Singapore
| | - Tien Guan Steven Thng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 , Singapore
| | - Subramanian S Venkatraman
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 , Singapore
| | - Chenjie Xu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 70 Nanyang Drive , 637457 , Singapore
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , 637371 , Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 , Singapore
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Amirjalayer S, Cnossen A, Browne WR, Feringa BL, Buma WJ, Woutersen S. Direct Observation of a Dark State in the Photocycle of a Light-Driven Molecular Motor. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:8606-8612. [PMID: 27684513 PMCID: PMC5098230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b09644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
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Controlling the excited-state properties
of light driven molecular
machines is crucial to achieving high efficiency and directed functionality.
A key challenge in achieving control lies in unravelling the complex
photodynamics and especially in identifying the role played by dark
states. Here we use the structure sensitivity and high time resolution
of UV-pump/IR-probe spectroscopy to build a detailed and comprehensive
model of the structural evolution of light driven molecular rotors.
The photodynamics of these chiral overcrowded alkene derivatives are
determined by two close-lying excited electronic states. The potential
energy landscape of these “bright” and “dark”
states gives rise to a broad excited-state electronic absorption band
over the entire mid-IR range that is probed for the first time and
modeled by quantum mechanical calculations. The transient IR vibrational
fingerprints observed in our studies allow for an unambiguous identification
of the identity of the “dark” electronic excited state
from which the photon’s energy is converted into motion, and
thereby pave the way for tuning the quantum yield of future molecular
rotors based on this structural motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Amirjalayer
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 10, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Center for Nanotechnology , Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Molecular Photonics Group, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Science, University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Cnossen
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wesley R Browne
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wybren J Buma
- Molecular Photonics Group, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Science, University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Woutersen
- Molecular Photonics Group, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Science, University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Tham HP, Chen H, Tan YH, Qu Q, Sreejith S, Zhao L, Venkatraman SS, Zhao Y. Photosensitizer anchored gold nanorods for targeted combinational photothermal and photodynamic therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:8854-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc03076a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Silylated zinc phthalocyanine was anchored onto silica-coated gold nanorods for synergistic photothermal and photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Phoebe Tham
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
| | - Hongzhong Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Yu Hui Tan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Qiuyu Qu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Sivaramapanicker Sreejith
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Lingzhi Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Subbu S. Venkatraman
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
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8
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Fujiwara M, Imura T. Photo Induced Membrane Separation for Water Purification and Desalination Using Azobenzene Modified Anodized Alumina Membranes. ACS NANO 2015; 9:5705-5712. [PMID: 26005901 DOI: 10.1021/nn505970n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Water purification and desalination to produce end-use water are important agendas in 21st century, because the global water shortage is becoming increasingly serious. Those processes using light energy, especially solar energy, without the consumption of fossil fuels are desired for creating sustainable society. For these earth-friendly water treatments, nanoporous materials and membranes are expected to provide new technologies. We have reported before that the repetitive photo isomerization of azobenzene groups between the trans and cis isomers induced by the simultaneous irradiation of UV and visible lights accelerates the molecular movement of nearby molecules in nanoporous materials. After further studies, we recently found that the permeation of water through azobenzene modified anodized alumina membranes as a photo responsive nanoporous membrane was achieved by the simultaneous irradiation of UV and visible lights, while no water penetration occurred under no light, only single UV or visible light. The photo induced permeation of water was promoted by the vaporization of water with the repetitive photo isomerization of azobenzene. This membrane permeation achieved the purification of water solutions, because dye molecules and a protein dissolved in aqueous solutions were not involved in the photo induced penetrated water. When 3.5% of sodium chloride solution as model seawater was employed for this membrane separation, the salt content of the permeated water was less than 0.01% to accomplish the complete desalination of seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Fujiwara
- †National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (Kansai Center), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Imura
- †National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (Kansai Center), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
- ‡Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
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Wang X, Li Z, Yang Y, Gong X, Liao Y, Xie X. Photomechanically Controlled Encapsulation and Release from pH-Responsive and Photoresponsive Microcapsules. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:5456-5463. [PMID: 25924083 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Poly(acrylic acid)/azobenzene microcapsules were obtained through distillation precipitation polymerization and the selective removal of silica templates by hydrofluoric acid etching. The uniform, robust, and monodisperse microcapsules, confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, had reversible photoisomerization under ultraviolet (UV) and visible light. Under UV irradiation, azobenzene cross-linking sites in the main chain transformed from the trans to cis isomer, which induced the shrinkage of microcapsules. These photomechanical effects of azobenzene moieties were applied to the encapsulation and release of model molecules. After loading with rhodamine B (RhB), the release behaviors were completely distinct. Under steady UV irradiation, the shrinkage adjusted the permeability of the capsule, providing a novel way to encapsulate RhB molecules. Under alternate UV/visible light irradiation, a maximal release amount was reached due to the continual movement of shell networks by cyclic trans-cis photoisomerization. Also, microcapsules had absolute pH responsiveness. The diffusion rate and the final release percentage of RhB both increased with pH. The release behaviors under different irradiation modes and pH values were in excellent agreement with the Baker-Lonsdale model, indicating a diffusion-controlled release behavior. Important applications are expected in the development of photocontrolled encapsulation and release systems as well as in pH-sensitive materials and membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotao Wang
- †Key Laboratory for Large-Format Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- ‡Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- ‡Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Yingkui Yang
- §Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xinghou Gong
- ‡Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Yonggui Liao
- †Key Laboratory for Large-Format Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- †Key Laboratory for Large-Format Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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11
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Wang X, Yang Y, Liao Y, Yang Z, Jiang M, Xie X. Robust polyazobenzene microcapsules with photoresponsive pore channels and tunable release profiles. Eur Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Pederzoli M, Pittner J, Barbatti M, Lischka H. Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics study of the cis-trans photoisomerization of azobenzene excited to the S1 state. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:11136-43. [PMID: 21688804 DOI: 10.1021/jp2013094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ab initio nonadiabatic dynamics simulations of cis-to-trans isomerization of azobenzene upon S(1) (n-π*) excitation are carried out employing the fewest-switches surface hopping method. Azobenzene photoisomerization occurs purely as a rotational motion of the central CNNC moiety. Two nonequivalent rotational pathways corresponding to clockwise or counterclockwise rotation are available. The course of the rotational motion is strongly dependent on the initial conditions. The internal conversion occurs via an S(0)/S(1) crossing seam located near the midpoint of both of these rotational pathways. Based on statistical analysis, it is shown that the occurrence of one or other pathway can be completely controlled by selecting adequate initial conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Pederzoli
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, vvi, Prague, Czech Republic
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13
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Wang X, Yang Y, Yang Z, Liao Y, Zhang W, Xie X. Synthesis and photo-responsive behaviors of hollow polyazobenzene micro-spheres. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-010-3248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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FUJIWARA M. Silica-Based Inorganic Materials Manipulated by Light. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2010. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.67.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Cotí KK, Belowich ME, Liong M, Ambrogio MW, Lau YA, Khatib HA, Zink JI, Khashab NM, Stoddart JF. Mechanised nanoparticles for drug delivery. NANOSCALE 2009; 1:16-39. [PMID: 20644858 DOI: 10.1039/b9nr00162j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Time and time again humanity is faced with a unifying global crisis that crosses the many great divides in different societies and serves to bring once segregated communities back together as a collective whole. This global community instinctively turns to science to develop the means of addressing its most pressing problems. More often than not, these forces dictate the direction that scientific research takes. This influence is no more apparent than in the field of supramolecular chemistry where, for decades now, its responsibility to tackle such issues has been put on the back burner as a consequence of a lack of platforms with which to deliver this contemporary brand of chemistry to meaningful applications. However, the tide is slowly turning as new materials emerge from the field of nanotechnology that are poised to host the many attractive attributes that are inherent in the chemistry of these supermolecules and also in the mechanostereochemistry of mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs), which can be reused as a sequel to supramolecular chemistry. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (SNPs) have proven to be supremely effective solid supports as their surfaces are easily functionalised with either supermolecules or MIMs. In turn, the blending of supramolecular chemistry and mechanostereochemistry with mesoporous SNPs has led to a new class of materials - namely, mechanised SNPs that are effectively biological nanoscale 'bombs' that have the potential to infiltrate cells and then, upon the pulling of a chemical trigger, explode! The development of these materials has been driven by the need to devise new therapies for the treatment of cancer. Recent progress in research promises not only to control the acuteness of this widespread and insidious disease, but also to make the harsh treatment less debilitating to patients. This global scourge is the unifying force that has brought together supramolecular chemistry, mechanostereochemistry and nanotechnology, uniting these three communities for the common good. At the nanoscale level, the mechanism for the release of cargos from the confines of the nanopores in the SNPs is accomplished by way of mechanical modifications made on the surface of these functionalised supports. These mechanical motions rely on both supramolecular, i.e., host-guest complexes, and mechanostereochemical phenomena (e.g., bistable rotaxanes), which are often stimulated by changes in pH, light and redox potentials, in addition to enzymatic catalysis. The future of this field lies in the development of 'smart bombs' wherein the loaded mechanised SNPs are endocytosed selectively by cancer cells, whereupon an intracellular trigger causes release of a cytotoxin, effectively leading to apoptosis. This review serves to highlight (1) the evolution of surface-functionalisation of SNPs with supermolecules and also with MIMs, (2) the mechanisms through which controlled-release of cargo from mechanised SNPs occurs, and (3) results from the in vitro application of these mechanised SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla K Cotí
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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