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Zieniuk B, Pawełkowicz M. Recent Advances in the Application of Cucurbitacins as Anticancer Agents. Metabolites 2023; 13:1081. [PMID: 37887406 PMCID: PMC10608718 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucurbitacins are tetracyclic triterpenoid secondary metabolites, widely distributed in the Cucurbitaceae family. These bitter-tasting compounds act primarily as defense mechanisms against external injuries, and thus against herbivores, and furthermore, they have also found use in folk medicine in the treatment of various diseases. Many studies have acknowledged significant biological activities of cucurbitacins, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, antimicrobial properties, or antitumor potential. Overall, cucurbitacins have the ability to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. Both in vitro and in vivo studies were performed to evaluate the anticancer activity of varied cucurbitacins. Cucurbitacins offer a promising avenue for future cancer treatment strategies, and their diverse mechanisms of action make them attractive candidates for further investigation. The aim of the present study is to shed light on the chemical diversity of this group of compounds by providing the sources of origin of selected compounds and their chemical structure, as well as insight into their anticancer potential. In addition, within this paper molecular targets for cucurbitacins and signalling pathways important for cancer cell proliferation and/or survival that are affected by the described class of compounds have been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Zieniuk
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Pawełkowicz
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Kanani SH, Pandya DJ. Cucurbitacins: Nature’s Wonder Molecules. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083808666220107104220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Over the past decades, several natural constituents belonging to different classes have been isolated from plants for medicinal purposes. Cucurbitacins is one such type of natural compound. Cucurbitacin is any of a class of biochemical compounds that some plants notably members of the pumpkin and gourd family, Cucurbitaceae produce and which function as a defense against herbivores. They and their derivatives have been found in many plant families (including Brassicaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Begoniaceae, Elaeocarpaceae, Datiscaceae, Desfontainiaceae, Polemoniaceae, Primulaceae, Rubiaceae, Sterculiaceae, Rosaceae, and Thymelaeaceae), in some mushrooms (including Russula and Hebeloma) and even in some marine mollusks. They have been isolated from various plant species, chiefly belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family which comprises around 130 genera and 800 species. Cucurbitacins are a group of tetracyclic triterpenoid substances that are highly oxygenated and contain a cucurbitane skeleton characterized by 9β-methyl−19-norlanosta-5-ene. Cucurbitacins can be categorized into twelve main groups according to variations in their side-chains. Cucurbitacins A, B, C, D, E, F, I, J, K, L, O, P, Q, R, S, and their glycosides are mainly found in Cucurbitaceae family members. These plants have been used as folk medicines in some countries because of their broad spectrum of crucial pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-atherosclerotic effects. The present review explores the possibility of a correlation between the chemistry of various Cucurbitacins and the uses of the plants which contain them, thereby opening avenues for further phytochemical, ethnomedicinal, and modern pharmacological research on these important molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal H. Kanani
- RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat; Faculty of Pharmacy, Marwadi University, Rajkot, Gujarat
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3
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Garg S, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R. Cucurbitacin B and cancer intervention: Chemistry, biology and mechanisms (Review). Int J Oncol 2017; 52:19-37. [PMID: 29138804 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most important healthcare matters, with the worst prognosis but the best possibilities for scientific development. It is likely to increase in the future and cause global havoc designating it as an epidemic. Cancer development requires urgent intervention. Past few decades have witnessed extensive research to challenge carcinogenesis. Treatment involving synthetic discipline is often associated with severe adverse effects, or even worsened prognosis. Accordingly, newer economic and patient friendly molecules are warranted. Many natural substances have proved their potential so far. Cucurbitacin B against cancer and other diseases has achieved towering popularity among the researchers around the world, as detailed in the below sections with summarized tables. In line with the fascinating role of cucurbitacin B against various types of cancers, through various molecular signaling pathways, it is justifiable to propose cucurbitacin B as a mainline chemotherapy before the onset and after the diagnosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukant Garg
- Drug Discovery and Assets Innovation Lab, DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Sunil C Kaul
- Drug Discovery and Assets Innovation Lab, DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Renu Wadhwa
- Drug Discovery and Assets Innovation Lab, DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
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4
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Li R, Morris-Natschke SL, Lee KH. Clerodane diterpenes: sources, structures, and biological activities. Nat Prod Rep 2016; 33:1166-226. [PMID: 27433555 PMCID: PMC5154363 DOI: 10.1039/c5np00137d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1990 to 2015The clerodane diterpenoids are a widespread class of secondary metabolites and have been found in several hundreds of plant species from various families and in organisms from other taxonomic groups. These substances have attracted interest in recent years due to their notable biological activities, particularly insect antifeedant properties. In addition, the major active clerodanes of Salvia divinorum can be used as novel opioid receptor probes, allowing greater insight into opioid receptor-mediated phenomena, as well as opening additional areas for chemical investigation. This article provides extensive coverage of naturally occurring clerodane diterpenes discovered from 1990 until 2015, and follows up on the 1992 review by Merritt and Ley in this same journal. The distribution, chemotaxonomic significance, chemical structures, and biological activities of clerodane diterpenes are summarized. In the cases where sufficient information is available, structure activity relationship (SAR) correlations and mode of action of active clerodanes have been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongtao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, USA
| | - Susan L. Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, USA
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, USA
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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5
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Bailon-Moscoso N, Romero-Benavides JC, Tinitana-Imaicela F, Ostrosky-Wegman P. Medicinal plants of Ecuador: a review of plants with anticancer potential and their chemical composition. Med Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-015-1335-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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7
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Usui K, Kanbe M, Nakada AM. Total Synthesis of (−)-Bucidarasin A Starting from an Original Chiral Building Block. Org Lett 2014; 16:4734-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol502129u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Usui
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Misaki Kanbe
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - and Masahisa Nakada
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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8
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Vieira-Júnior GM, Dutra LA, Ferreira PMP, de Moraes MO, Costa Lotufo LV, Pessoa CDÓ, Torres RB, Boralle N, Bolzani VDS, Cavalheiro AJ. Cytotoxic clerodane diterpenes from Casearia rupestris. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:776-781. [PMID: 21381705 DOI: 10.1021/np100840w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Four new clerodane diterpenes, casearupestrins A-D (1-4), were isolated from the leaves of Casearia rupestris. Compounds 1 and 4 were acetylated to yield 2,7-di-O-acetylcasearupestrin A (5) and 2,6-di-O-acetylcasearupestrin D (6). All compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against a small panel of human cancer cell lines. Casearupestrin A (1) exhibited the most potent activity against MDA/MB-435 (human melanoma) and SF-295 (human glioblastoma) cells, superior to that of the standard drug doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo M Vieira-Júnior
- Institute of Chemistry, Nucley of Bioassay, Biosynthesis and Ecophysiology of Natural Products (NuBBE), São Paulo State University, UNESP, C.P. 14801-970, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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9
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Cramer B, Takahata Y. QSAR of Clerodane Diterpenoids with Cytotoxic and Antitumoral Activity Against V-79 Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/qsar.200960038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Kanokmedhakul S, Kanokmedhakul K, Buayairaksa M. Cytotoxic clerodane diterpenoids from fruits of Casearia grewiifolia. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2007; 70:1122-6. [PMID: 17567069 DOI: 10.1021/np070083y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of a methanol extract of the fruits of Casearia grewiifolia afforded eight new clerodane diterpenes, caseargrewiins E-L (1-8), and a known clerodane diterpene, esculentin B (9). The structures of 1-8 were established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. Most of these compounds exhibited cytotoxicity against three cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the range 0.15-6.00 microg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somdej Kanokmedhakul
- Department of Chemistry, Applied Taxonomic Research Center, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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11
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Phifer SS, Lee D, Seo EK, Kim NC, Graf TN, Kroll DJ, Navarro HA, Izydore RA, Jiménez F, Garcia R, Rose WC, Fairchild CR, Wild R, Soejarto DD, Farnsworth NR, Kinghorn AD, Oberlies NH, Wall ME, Wani MC. Alvaradoins E-N, antitumor and cytotoxic anthracenone C-glycosides from the leaves of Alvaradoa haitiensis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2007; 70:954-61. [PMID: 17552563 PMCID: PMC2442713 DOI: 10.1021/np070005a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Bioactivity-directed fractionation of an extract of the leaves of Alvaradoa haitiensis, using the KB (human oral epidermoid carcinoma) cell line, led to the isolation and identification of 10 new anthracenone C-glycosides, alvaradoins E-N (1-10), along with the known compound chrysophanol (11). The cytotoxicity of all compounds was evaluated, and preliminary structure-activity relationships are suggested. The most potent compounds in the in vitro assays (1 and 2) were evaluated in vivo versus the P388 (murine lymphocytic leukemia) model, and alvaradoin E (1) showed antileukemic activity (125% T/C) at a dose of 0.2 mg kg-1 per injection when administered intraperitoneally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: (919) 541-6958. Fax: (919) 541-6499. E-mail:
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12
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Balunas MJ, Jones WP, Chin YW, Mi Q, Farnsworth NR, Soejarto DD, Cordell GA, Swanson SM, Pezzuto JM, Chai HB, Kinghorn AD. Relationships between inhibitory activity against a cancer cell line panel, profiles of plants collected, and compound classes isolated in an anticancer drug discovery project. Chem Biodivers 2007; 3:897-915. [PMID: 17193321 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200690092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to determine the relationships between the plant profiles (country of collection, taxonomy, plant part) and the compound classes isolated with cytotoxic activity against a panel of human tumor cell lines, the data compiled from a 15-year anticancer drug-discovery project were subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results indicate significant trends in cytotoxic activity relative to collection location, taxonomy, plant part, and compound classes isolated. Plant collections were made in tropical forests in six countries, with collections from Ecuador resulting in higher activity than those from Indonesia and Peru. Interestingly, collections from Florida were not statistically different than those from the countries with higher biodiversity. One hundred and forty-five families were represented in the collections, with the Clusiaceae, Elaeocarpaceae, Meliaceae, and Rubiaceae having low ED50 (half maximal effective dose) values. Especially active genera included Aglaia, Casearia, Exostema, Mallotus, and Trichosanthes. Roots and below-ground plant materials were significantly more active than above-ground materials. Cucurbitacins, flavaglines, anthraquinones, fatty acids, tropane alkaloids, lignans, and sesquiterpenoids were significantly more active than xanthones and oligorhamnosides. The results from this study should serve as a guide for future plant collection endeavors for anticancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcy J Balunas
- Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street (M/C 781), Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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13
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Li C, Lee D, Graf TN, Phifer SS, Nakanishi Y, Burgess JP, Riswan S, Setyowati FM, Saribi AM, Soejarto DD, Farnsworth NR, Falkinham JO, Kroll DJ, Kinghorn AD, Wani MC, Oberlies NH. A hexacyclic ent-trachylobane diterpenoid possessing an oxetane ring from Mitrephora glabra. Org Lett 2006; 7:5709-12. [PMID: 16321028 PMCID: PMC2442714 DOI: 10.1021/ol052498l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[chemical reaction: see text]. Three new ent-trachylobane diterpenoids (1-3) were isolated and structures elucidated from Mitrephora glabra Scheff. (Annonaceae). Mitrephorone A (1) possesses a hexacyclic ring system with adjacent ketone moieties and an oxetane ring, both of which are unprecedented among trachylobanes. All compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against a panel of cancer cells, where 1 displayed the most potent and broadest activity, and against a battery of antimicrobial assays, where all compounds were approximately equipotent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Natural Products Laboratory, Research Triangle Institute, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194, USA
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14
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Jullian V, Bonduelle C, Valentin A, Acebey L, Duigou AG, Prévost MF, Sauvain M. New clerodane diterpenoids from Laetia procera (Poepp.) Eichler (Flacourtiaceae), with antiplasmodial and antileishmanial activities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:5065-70. [PMID: 16168652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2005] [Revised: 07/22/2005] [Accepted: 07/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Extracts of Laetia procera (Flacourtiaceae) displayed significant in vitro activity against Plasmodium falciparum. P. falciparum bioassay guided fractionation of a trunk bark extract of this plant led to the isolation of six clerodane diterpenoids (1-6) and a butanolide (7). Five of these compounds are new and called Laetiaprocerine A-D (3-6) and Laetianolide A (7). Their structures were established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by a modified Mosher's method and the absolute configuration of 5 by chemical correlation. The clerodane diterpenoids displayed activities against P. falciparum with an IC50 down to 0.5 microM on FCb1 and F32 strains, and also cytotoxicity toward human tumor cell line MCF7. The most active compound showed a selectivity index of 6.8. Some of these compounds also displayed activities against Leishmania amazonensis amastigote axenic stages and promastigote.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Jullian
- UMR 152 (IRD-UPS) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Université Paul Sabatier, Faculté de Pharmacie, 35 chemin des Maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse cedex 04, France.
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15
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Stukkens Y, Bultreys A, Grec S, Trombik T, Vanham D, Boutry M. NpPDR1, a pleiotropic drug resistance-type ATP-binding cassette transporter from Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, plays a major role in plant pathogen defense. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2005; 139:341-52. [PMID: 16126865 PMCID: PMC1203383 DOI: 10.1104/pp.105.062372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2005] [Revised: 04/22/2005] [Accepted: 07/13/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nicotiana plumbaginifolia NpPDR1, a plasma membrane pleiotropic drug resistance-type ATP-binding cassette transporter formerly named NpABC1, has been suggested to transport the diterpene sclareol, an antifungal compound. However, direct evidence for a role of pleiotropic drug resistance transporters in the plant defense is still lacking. In situ immunolocalization and histochemical analysis using the gusA reporter gene showed that NpPDR1 was constitutively expressed in the whole root, in the leaf glandular trichomes, and in the flower petals. However, NpPDR1 expression was induced in the whole leaf following infection with the fungus Botrytis cinerea, and the bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv tabaci, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Pseudomonas marginalis pv marginalis, which do not induce a hypersensitive response in N. plumbaginifolia, whereas a weaker response was observed using P. syringae pv syringae, which does induce a hypersensitive response. Induced NpPDR1 expression was more associated with the jasmonic acid than the salicylic acid signaling pathway. These data suggest that NpPDR1 is involved in both constitutive and jasmonic acid-dependent induced defense. Transgenic plants in which NpPDR1 expression was prevented by RNA interference showed increased sensitivity to sclareol and reduced resistance to B. cinerea. These data show that NpPDR1 is involved in pathogen resistance and thus demonstrate a new role for the ATP-binding cassette transporter family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Stukkens
- Unité de Biochimie Physiologique, Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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de Carvalho MG, Cândido LFDO, Da Costa PM, Rumjanek VM. Chromones from Licania arianeae (Chrysobalanaceae). Nat Prod Res 2005; 19:7-12. [PMID: 15700639 DOI: 10.1080/14786410410001730265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The phytochemical studies of the leaves of Licania arianeae Prance (Crysobalanaceae) have led to the identification of ten new chromones, four 5,7-dihydroxy-2-alkylchromones, four 5,7-dihydroxy-6-chloro-2-alkylchromones and two 5,7-dihydroxy-6,8-dichloro-2-alkylchromones. The structures were established from IR, NMR and FAB-MS spectra data including 2D NMR experiments of natural substances and of the methyl derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Geraldo de Carvalho
- Departmento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 464, Km. 7, 23851-970, Seropédica-RJ, Brazil.
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Alali FQ, El-Elimat T, Li C, Qandil A, Alkofahi A, Tawaha K, Burgess JP, Nakanishi Y, Kroll DJ, Navarro HA, Falkinham JO, Wani MC, Oberlies NH. New colchicinoids from a native Jordanian meadow saffron, colchicum brachyphyllum: isolation of the first naturally occurring dextrorotatory colchicinoid. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2005; 68:173-178. [PMID: 15730238 DOI: 10.1021/np0496587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
As part of our continuing investigation of Jordanian Colchicum species, the biologically active components of Colchicum brachyphyllum were pursued. Using bioactivity-directed fractionation, nine colchicinoids were isolated and characterized. One of these has a novel ring system, to which we have ascribed the trivial name (+)-demecolcinone (9), and it represents the first naturally occurring dextrorotatory colchicinoid. Another isolated compound was a new colchicinoid analogue, (-)-2,3-didemethyldemecolcine (8), while the remaining seven known colchicinoids were new to the species: (-)-colchicine (1), (-)-3-demethylcolchicine (2), (-)-cornigerine (3), beta-lumicolchicine (4), (-)-androbiphenyline (5), (-)-demecolcine (6), and (-)-3-demethyldemecolcine (7). The brine shrimp lethality test was used to direct the isolation of these colchicinoids. Moreover, all pure compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against a human cancer cell panel, for antimicrobial activity in an array of bacteria and fungi (including yeast), and for their potential to be allosteric modulators of the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feras Q Alali
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
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Kanokmedhakul S, Kanokmedhakul K, Kanarsa T, Buayairaksa M. New bioactive clerodane diterpenoids from the bark of Casearia grewiifolia. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2005; 68:183-188. [PMID: 15730240 DOI: 10.1021/np049757k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bioactivity-guided fractionation of hexane and dichloromethane extracts of the bark of Casearia grewiifolia afforded four new clerodane diterpenes, caseargrewiins A-D (1-4), and two known clerodane diterpenes, rel-(2S,5R,6R,8S,9S,10R,18S,19R)-18,19-diacetoxy-18,19-epoxy-6-methoxy-2-(2-methylbutanoyloxy)cleroda-3,13(16),14-triene (5) and rel-(2S,5R,6R,8S,9S,10R,18S,19R)-18,19-diacetoxy-18,19-epoxy-6-hydroxy-2-(2-methylbutanoyloxy)cleroda-3,13(16),14-triene (6). The structures of 1-4 were established on the basis of the interpretation of their 1D and 2D NMR spectral data. The absolute configuration of 4 was determined by the modified Mosher's method. All compounds exhibited promising antimalarial and antimycobacterial activities but also cytotoxicity against three cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somdej Kanokmedhakul
- Department of Chemistry, Applied Taxonomic Research Center, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Clericuzio M, Mella M, Vita-Finzi P, Zema M, Vidari G. Cucurbitane triterpenoids from Leucopaxillus gentianeus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2004; 67:1823-1828. [PMID: 15568769 DOI: 10.1021/np049883o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In addition to the known bioactive triterpene cucurbitacin B (1), two new cucurbitane triterpenoids, namely, leucopaxillones A (3) and B (4), exhibiting a new oxygenation pattern among cucurbitacins, have been isolated from the mushroom Leucopaxillus gentianeus (syn. L. amarus). Cucurbitacin B (1) imparts a bitter taste to the flesh of the fungus; however, it occurs in the fruiting bodies mainly esterified as tasteless fatty acid esters 2a-c. In vitro growth inhibitory effects of compounds 1-4 on proliferation of four different human tumor cell lines (A549, CAKI-1, HepG2, MCF-7) were evaluated by using a 1-day MTT assay. Only cucurbitacin B was highly active on all lines. Free cucurbitacin B is presumed to be formed in vivo by an enzyme-mediated scission of esters 2a-c, thus constituting a chemical weapon that protects the mushrooms against parasites and predators. Compounds 1-4 are structurally different from the other few cucurbitacins isolated from Basidiomycetes, being, instead, more similar to those occurring in plants. In particular, cucurbitacin B (1) seems to represent an interesting example of secondary metabolite convergence between distant taxa such as fungi and vascular plants, where they likely exert a similar role of protection. The structures of the compounds were established by means of spectroscopic methods and X-ray diffraction on a single crystal. The absolute configuration of leucopaxillone A has been assigned on the basis of CD chirality rules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Clericuzio
- Dipartimento di Chimica Generale ed Organica Applicata, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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Gu JQ, Graf TN, Lee D, Chai HB, Mi Q, Kardono LBS, Setyowati FM, Ismail R, Riswan S, Farnsworth NR, Cordell GA, Pezzuto JM, Swanson SM, Kroll DJ, Falkinham JO, Wall ME, Wani MC, Kinghorn AD, Oberlies NH. Cytotoxic and antimicrobial constituents of the bark of Diospyros maritima collected in two geographical locations in Indonesia. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2004; 67:1156-1161. [PMID: 15270571 DOI: 10.1021/np040027m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bioactivity-directed fractionation of extracts of two Diospyros maritima bark samples from Indonesia,one collected at sea level in a beach forest in Java and the other collected at a slight elevation away from the sea shore on the island of Lombok, yielded a diverse set of secondary metabolites. The naphthoquinone plumbagin (1), although found in extracts of both specimens, constituted a much larger percentage of the former sample, which also yielded a series of plumbagin dimers, maritinone (2), chitranone (3), and zeylanone (4). The latter sample yielded a new naphthoquinone derivative, (4S)-shinanolone (5), and a new natural product coumarin, 7,8-dimethoxy-6-hydroxycoumarin (6), along with three other analogues of plumbagin, 2-methoxy-7-methyljuglone (7), 3-methoxy-7-methyljuglone (8), and 7-methyljuglone (9). The structures of compounds 5 and 6 were elaborated by physical, spectral, and chemical methods. All of the isolates were evaluated in both cytotoxicity and antimicrobial assays, and structure-activity relationships of these naphthoquinones are proposed. Plumbagin (1) and maritinone (2) were evaluated also for in vivo antitumor activity in the hollow fiber assay, but both were found to be inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qiao Gu
- Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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21
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Shen YC, Wang CH, Cheng YB, Wang LT, Guh JH, Chien CT, Khalil AT. New cytotoxic clerodane diterpenoids from the leaves and twigs of Casearia membranacea. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2004; 67:316-321. [PMID: 15043402 DOI: 10.1021/np0303658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of an EtOAc-soluble extract of Casearia membranacea has resulted in the isolation of six new clerodane diterpenes, caseamembrins A-F (1-6), and a known compound, rel-(2S,5R,6R,8S,9S,10R,18S,19R)-diacetoxy-18,19-epoxy-6-hydroxy-2-(2-methylbutanoyloxy)cleroda-3,13(16),14-triene (7). The structures of 1-6 were established on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis. In addition, the new derivatives, 8 and 9, were prepared by acylation of 7 and 3, respectively. The isolated diterpenoids and their derivatives were tested against human prostate (PC-3) and hepatoma (Hep3B) cancer cells. Compounds 1, 3-5, and 7 exhibited cytotoxicity against both tumor cells, with IC(50) values below 3 micromicro, while compounds 2, 6, 8, and 9 were less effective.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylation
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Casearia/chemistry
- Diterpenes, Clerodane/chemistry
- Diterpenes, Clerodane/isolation & purification
- Diterpenes, Clerodane/pharmacology
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Humans
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Molecular Structure
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
- Plant Leaves/chemistry
- Plants, Medicinal/chemistry
- Taiwan
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ching Shen
- Institute of Marine Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien-Hai Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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22
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Chemical and Biological Studies on Licania Genus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(03)80138-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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23
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Hayashi KI, Nakanishi Y, Bastow KF, Cragg G, Nozaki H, Lee KH. Antitumor agents. Part 212. Bucidarasins A-C, three new cytotoxic clerodane diterpenes from Bucida buceras. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:345-8. [PMID: 11814793 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00742-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
As part of a study on antitumor agents from rainforest plants, four new clerodane diterpenes, bucidarasins A--D (1-4), were isolated from Bucida buceras. Their structures were elucidated from detailed 2D NMR analyses. Compounds 1-3 showed potent cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines with IC(50) values of 0.5-1.9 microM. The potency was retained in drug resistant lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichiro Hayashi
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Oberlies NH, Burgess JP, Navarro HA, Pinos RE, Fairchild CR, Peterson RW, Soejarto DD, Farnsworth NR, Kinghorn AD, Wani MC, Wall ME. Novel bioactive clerodane diterpenoids from the leaves and twigs of Casearia sylvestris. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2002; 65:95-99. [PMID: 11858737 DOI: 10.1021/np010459m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Fractionation of a methanol extract of the leaves and twigs of Casearia sylvestris, as directed by activity against KB cell cytotoxicity, led to the isolation of three novel clerodane diterpenoids, casearvestrins A-C (1-3). The structures of 1-3 were deduced from one- and two-dimensional NMR experiments, including relative stereochemical assignments based on ROESY correlations and COSY coupling constants. All three compounds displayed promising bioactivity, both in cytotoxicity assays against a panel of tumor cell lines and in antifungal assays via the growth inhibition of Aspergillus niger in a disk diffusion assay.
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MESH Headings
- Antifungal Agents/chemistry
- Antifungal Agents/isolation & purification
- Antifungal Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Aspergillus niger/drug effects
- Colonic Neoplasms
- Diterpenes/chemistry
- Diterpenes/isolation & purification
- Diterpenes/pharmacology
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Ecuador
- Female
- Humans
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- KB Cells/drug effects
- Lung Neoplasms
- Magnoliopsida/chemistry
- Molecular Conformation
- Molecular Structure
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
- Ovarian Neoplasms
- Plant Leaves/chemistry
- Plant Shoots/chemistry
- Plants, Medicinal/chemistry
- Spectrophotometry, Infrared
- Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
- Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas H Oberlies
- Chemistry and Life Sciences, Research Triangle Institute, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194, USA
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25
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Sai Prakash CV, Hoch JM, Kingston DGI. Structure and stereochemistry of new cytotoxic clerodane diterpenoids from the bark of Casearia lucida from the Madagascar rainforest. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2002; 65:100-107. [PMID: 11858738 DOI: 10.1021/np010405c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of a CH(2)Cl(2)/MeOH extract of the bark of Casearia lucida resulted in the isolation of 11 new clerodane diterpenes, namely, casearlucins A-K (1-11), and three known clerodane diterpenoids, rel-(2S,5R,6R,8S,9S,10R,18S,19R)-diacetoxy-18,19-epoxy-6-hydroxy-2-(2xi-methylbutanoyloxy)cleroda-3,13(16),14-triene (12), rel-(2S,5R,6R,8S,9S,10R,18S,19R)-18,19-diacetoxy-18,19-epoxy-6-methoxy-2-(2xi-methylbutanoyloxy)cleroda-3,13(16),14-triene (13), and rel-(2S,5R,8S,9S,10R,18S,19R)-18,19-diacetoxy-18,19-epoxy-2-(2xi-methylbutanoyloxy)cleroda-3,13(16),14-triene (14). The structures of compounds 1-11 were established on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data interpretation. All compounds exhibited cytotoxicity activity against the A2780 ovarian cancer cell line, but none of the six compounds selected for testing in multiple cell lines showed significant selectivity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Aorta, Thoracic
- Breast Neoplasms
- Cattle
- Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Colonic Neoplasms
- Diterpenes/chemistry
- Diterpenes/isolation & purification
- Diterpenes/pharmacology
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Female
- HT29 Cells/drug effects
- Humans
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Leukemia
- Lung Neoplasms
- Madagascar
- Magnoliopsida/chemistry
- Molecular Conformation
- Molecular Structure
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
- Ovarian Neoplasms
- Plant Bark/chemistry
- Plants, Medicinal/chemistry
- Spectrophotometry, Infrared
- Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
- Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
- Stereoisomerism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaturvedula V Sai Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, M/C 0212, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0212, USA
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