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Li Y, Li JM, Xu YJ, Zu XD, He H, Sun Y, Zhang RH, Zhang XJ, Li XL, Xiao WL. Bioactive diterpenoids isolated from the twigs and leaves of Casearia velutina. Fitoterapia 2023; 171:105654. [PMID: 37595644 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Nine previously undescribed clerodane-type diterpenoids (1-9), named caseabalanspenes A-I, along with six know compounds (10-15), were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Casearia velutina. Spectroscopic data (1D and 2D NMR) analysis permitted the definition of their structures and then determination of the molecular formula of the compound by high resolution mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS). It is worth noting that compound 7 contains N- heterocycle. Compounds 1-8 were tested the anti-inflammasome activity, and compound 3 exhibited potent activity and decreased LDH level in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 2.90 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Pharmacy and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Pharmacy and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Jun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Pharmacy and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Dan Zu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Pharmacy and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Han He
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Pharmacy and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Pharmacy and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Pharmacy and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Pharmacy and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Pharmacy and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei-Lie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Pharmacy and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China.
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Nhoek P, An CY, Son MG, Chae HS, Pel P, Kim YM, Khiev P, Choi WJ, Choi YH, Chin YW. Stereochemical assignment of clerodane-type diterpenes from the fruits of Casearia grewiifolia and their ability to inhibit PCSK9 expression. Phytochemistry 2023; 216:113864. [PMID: 37748701 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
More than 20 natural products have been reported to modulate PCSK9-mediated cholesterol regulation, and small-molecule-derived proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors continue to be developed and identified. Here, twelve undescribed clerodane-type diterpenes (1-9 and 12-14) and two known compounds were isolated from the chloroform-soluble extract of the dried fruits of Casearia grewiifolia Vent. using a PCSK9 mRNA expression monitoring assay. Among the undescribed compounds, the stereochemistry of two diastereomeric grewiifolins A and B (1 and 2) were extensively elucidated using 2D Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy (NOESY) experiments, excitation-sculptured indirect detection experiments (EXSIDE), interproton distance analyses, and computational calculations that included quantum chemical shift calculations combined with DP4+ analysis. All isolates were assessed for their inhibitory activity against PCSK9 and IDOL mRNA expression. Among the compounds tested, compound 3 inhibited PCSK9 and IDOL mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piseth Nhoek
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Yeong An
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gyung Son
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sung Chae
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Pisey Pel
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Piseth Khiev
- Royal University of Phnom Penh, Department of Biology, Russian Federation Boulevard, Khan Toul Kork, Phnom Penh 12156, Cambodia
| | - Won Jun Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hee Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Alexandre Carvalho F, Valadares de Moraes N, Eduardo Miller Crotti A, José Crevelin E, Gonzaga Dos Santos A. Casearia Essential Oil: An Updated Review on the Chemistry and Pharmacological Activities. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300492. [PMID: 37410861 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Casearia species are found in the America, Africa, Asia, and Australia and present pharmacological activities, besides their traditional uses. Here, we reviewed the chemical composition, content, pharmacological activities, and toxicity of the essential oils (EOs) from Casearia species. The EO physical parameters and leaf botanical characteristics were also described. The bioactivities of the EOs from the leaves and their components include cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antifungal, and antiviral activities. The main components associated with these activities are the α-zingiberene, (E)-caryophyllene, germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene, spathulenol, α-humulene, β-acoradiene, and δ-cadinene. Data on the toxicity of these EOs are scarce in the literature. Casearia sylvestris Sw. is the most studied species, presenting more significant pharmacological potential. The chemical variability of EOs components was also investigated for this species. Caseria EOs have relevant pharmacological potential and must be further investigated and exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Alexandre Carvalho
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-Jaú Road, Km 01, s/n, 14.800-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália Valadares de Moraes
- Center of Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, USA, FL 32827
| | - Antônio Eduardo Miller Crotti
- Department of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters, Av. do Café, s/n, 14.040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo José Crevelin
- Department of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters, Av. do Café, s/n, 14.040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - André Gonzaga Dos Santos
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-Jaú Road, Km 01, s/n, 14.800-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Nhoek P, Ahn S, Park IG, Pel P, Huh J, Kim HW, Ahn J, Khiev P, Choi YH, Lee K, Noh M, Chin YW. Salicinoyl Quinic Acids and Their Prostaglandin E 2 Production Inhibitory Activities from the Fruits of Casearia grewiifolia. J Nat Prod 2021; 84:2437-2446. [PMID: 34463498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation on the dried fruits of Casearia grewiifolia led to the identification of 10 new salicinoyl quinic acid derivatives (1-10), a new benzoyl quinic acid (11), and two known compounds (12 and 13). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by interpreting 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data including HMBC and EXSIDE along with a chemical method for sugar unit analysis. All isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated HaCat keratinocytes. Of the isolates tested, compounds 6 and 12 were found to inhibit PGE2 production with IC50 values of 20.5 and 28.8 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piseth Nhoek
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjin Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - In Guk Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Pisey Pel
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmoo Huh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Piseth Khiev
- Department of Biology, Royal University of Phnom Penh, Russian Federation Boulevard, Khan Toul Kork, Phnom Penh 12156, Cambodia
| | - Young Hee Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Noh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Zhang LT, Wang XL, Wang T, Zhang JS, Huang ZQ, Shen T, Lou HX, Ren DM, Wang XN. Dolabellane and Clerodane Diterpenoids from the Twigs and Leaves of Casearia kurzii. J Nat Prod 2020; 83:2817-2830. [PMID: 33001650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A pair of enantiomeric 15-nordolabellane diterpenoids, (-)- and (+)-caseadolabellols A (1a and 1b), three dolabellane diterpenoids, caseadolabellols B-D (2-4), two dolastane diterpenoids, caseadolastols A and B (5 and 6), 10 clerodane diterpenoids, caseakurzins A-J (7-16), and nine known diterpenoids (17-25) were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Casearia kurzii. The structures of the new compounds were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data, and those of compounds 1a, 1b, and 2 were verified by single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis. The enantiomers 1a and 1b were separated by chiral-phase HPLC. The absolute configurations were determined by experimental and calculated ECD data, the modified Mosher's method, or literature comparison. Compounds 1a and 5 showed significant quinone reductase-inducing activity in Hepa 1c1c7 cells, while 1b showed moderate activity. Molecular docking studies showed that 1a had greater binding affinity with Nrf2 protein (5FNQ) than 1b. The cytotoxic activity of compounds 1a, 1b, 2-12, 15, and 16 was evaluated, among which compounds 8 and 16 exhibited significant inhibitory activity against the A549 cell line. Compounds 8 and 16 induced the A549 cells to arrest at G2/M and S phases, respectively, and both compounds induced apoptosis in A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Teng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wen-Hua Road, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ling Wang
- The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 247 Bei-Yuan Street, Jinan 250033, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wen-Hua Road, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Sheng Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, 336 West Road of Nan Xinzhuang, Jinan 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu-Qing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wen-Hua Road, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wen-Hua Road, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wen-Hua Road, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Mei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wen-Hua Road, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wen-Hua Road, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
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Danuello A, de Castro RC, Pilon AC, Bueno PCP, Pivatto M, Vieira Júnior GM, Carvalho FA, Oda FB, Perez CJ, Lopes NP, Dos Santos AG, Ifa DR, Cavalheiro AJ. Fragmentation study of clerodane diterpenes from Casearia species by tandem mass spectrometry (quadrupole time-of-flight and ion trap). Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2020; 34 Suppl 3:e8781. [PMID: 32157723 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Clerodane-type diterpenes from Casearia species show important pharmacological activites such as antitumor, antimicrobial and anti-inflamatory. There are several mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods for identification of diterpenes; however, there is still a lack of MS procedures capable of providing characteristic fragmentation pathways for a rapid and unambiguous elucidation of casearin-like compounds. METHODS Casearin-like compounds were investigated by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). The fragmentation studies were carried out by tandem mass spectrometry in space (quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF)) using different collision energies and also by tandem mass spectrometry in time (QIT) by selective isolation of product ions. RESULTS Casearin-like compounds presented a predominance of sodium- and potassium-cationized precursor ions. Both QIT and QTOF techniques provided sequential neutral losses of esters related to the R1 to R5 substituents linked to the nucleus of the clerodane diterpenes. The fragmentation pathway is initiated with a cleavage of the ester moieties R2 followed by the elimination of the ester groups R3 , both losing neutral carboxylic acids. Using QIT, it was also possible to observe the cleavage of the ester groups R1 or R5 by MS4 experiments. CONCLUSIONS Through a rational analysis of the fragmentation mechanisms of Casearia diterpenes it was possible to suggest an annotation strategy based on the sequential cleavages of the ester groups related to the R2 , R3 and R5 substituents. These results will assist studies of the dereplication and metabolomics involving casearin-like compounds present in complex extracts of Casearia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Danuello
- Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rogério Cardoso de Castro
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
- Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan Cesar Pilon
- Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire, UK
| | - Paula Carolina Pires Bueno
- Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Pivatto
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Flávio Alexandre Carvalho
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Bombarda Oda
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Consuelo Javiera Perez
- Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Norberto Peporine Lopes
- Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Gonzaga Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Demian Rocha Ifa
- Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Camponogara C, Brum EDS, Belke BV, Brum TF, Jesus RDS, Piana M, Bauermann LDF, Oliveira SM. Casearia decandra leaves present anti-inflammatory efficacy in a skin inflammation model in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 249:112436. [PMID: 31785385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Casearia decandra (guaçatonga) is popularly used as an anti-inflammatory. We investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of C.decandra leaves (CdE) ethanolic extract and of the rutin standard (present in the CdE). MATERIALS AND METHODS Male adult Swiss mice were used (25-30 g; 5-6 animals by a group). CdE phytochemical analysis was performed by HPLC method. The antioxidant potential of CdE and rutin was assessed by different methods. Topical anti-inflammatory effect of CdE (0.001-1mg/ear) and rutin (0.003-0.03mg/ear) was evaluated by ear edema formation and inflammatory cells infiltration (MPO activity and histology) on a skin inflammation model induced by topical application of croton oil (1mg/ear). RESULTS Rutin (27.81 ± 1.11 mg/g) was identified in CdE by HPLC analysis. The required amounts of CdE, rutin and ascorbic acid to reduce the initial concentration of radical DPPH by 50% (IC50) were 7.77 (6.31-9.57) μg/mL, 3.62 (3.26-4.01) μg/mL and 3.74 (3.37-4.14) μg/mL with a radical DPPH reduction of 91 ± 1.2%, 91 ± 0.5%, and 96 ± 0.44% (at 30 μg/mL), respectively. Moreover, CdE and rutin presented H2O2 scavenging activity with H2O2 levels reduction of 41 ± 7% and 46 ± 6%, respectively and SOD-like activity of 60 ± 4% and 51 ± 14%, respectively. On the other hand, just rutin presented nitric oxide scavenging activity of 54 ± 6%. CdE and rutin topically applied inhibited the ear edema with a maximum inhibition of 70 ± 5% (1 mg/ear) and 78 ± 10% (0.03 mg/ear), respectively. Treatments reduced the MPO activity (42 ± 4% to CdE; 1mg/ear and 30 ± 8% to rutin; 0.03 mg/ear). Histologically, the topical treatments also reduced the dermis thickness and the inflammatory cells infiltration. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of C.decandra leaves and rutin. Its antioxidant potential may contribute to inflammatory process attenuation, supporting the C.decandra leaves used as a promising alternative in the therapy of the inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Camponogara
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Evelyne da Silva Brum
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bianca Vargas Belke
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiele Faccim Brum
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberta da Silva Jesus
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Piana
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Sara Marchesan Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Liu F, Ma J, Shi Z, Zhang Q, Wang H, Li D, Song Z, Wang C, Jin J, Xu J, Tuerhong M, Abudukeremu M, Shuai L, Lee D, Guo Y. Clerodane Diterpenoids Isolated from the Leaves of Casearia graveolens. J Nat Prod 2020; 83:36-44. [PMID: 31916761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A phytochemical survey aiming to acquire pharmacologically active substances has resulted in the isolation of nine new clerodane diterpenoids, named graveospenes A-I (1-9), from the leaves of Casearia graveolens. Spectroscopic methods were employed to establish the structures with their absolute configurations being confirmed by ECD data analysis. A biological evaluation was performed, and compound 1 was found to be cytotoxic to both human lung cancer cells (A549) and human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2). A mechanism-of-action study on 1 revealed this compound to induce apoptosis of A549 cells and impede them at the G0/G1 stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , People's Republic of China
| | - Huimei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dihua Li
- Tianjin Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine , Nankai Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University , Tianjin 300100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine , Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. , Tianjin 300410 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Tianjin Second People's Hospital , Tianjin 300192 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources , Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Muhetaer Tuerhong
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences , Kashgar University , Kashgar 844000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Munira Abudukeremu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences , Kashgar University , Kashgar 844000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dongho Lee
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yuanqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , People's Republic of China
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Shuo Y, Zhang C, Yang X, Liu F, Zhang Q, Li A, Ma J, Lee D, Ohizumi Y, Guo Y. Clerodane diterpenoids from Casearia kurzii and their cytotoxic activities. J Nat Med 2019; 73:826-833. [PMID: 31183662 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-019-01324-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A search for bioactive natural products as anticancer lead compounds resulted in the isolation of one previously undescribed and three known clerodane diterpenoids (1-4) from Casearia kurzii. The structures of these compounds were established by analysis of their NMR, MS, and electronic circular dichroism data. The cytotoxic activities of four compounds against three human cancer cell lines were evaluated. Compound 2 was found to be the most active with an IC50 value of 4.1 μM against HeLa cells, and was selected to investigate the possible cytotoxic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Shuo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Annan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongho Lee
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yasushi Ohizumi
- Kansei Fukushi Research Institute, Tohoku Fukushi University, Sendai, 989-3201, Japan
| | - Yuanqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China.
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10
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de Araújo ÉJF, de Almeida AAC, Silva OA, da Costa IHF, Rezende-Júnior LM, Lima FDCA, Cavalheiro AJ, Pessoa C, de Moraes MO, Ferreira PMP. Behavioral effects induced by antitumor cleronade diterpenes from Casearia sylvestris and in silico interactions with neuron receptors. J Ethnopharmacol 2017; 198:460-467. [PMID: 28077331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Casearia sylvestris is a medicinal plant traditionally used to treat snakebites, wounds, inflammation and gastric ulcers and scientific supports for have demonstrated its antitumor, antihyperlipidemic and antiparasitic properties. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess the effects of a fraction with casearins (FC) on adult mice using classical experimental models of animal behavior and theoretical calculations to verify the interaction of Casearin X (Cas X) with neuron receptors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals divided in 6 groups (n=9/group) were intraperitoneally treated with vehicle (DMSO 4%), FC (2.5, 5, 10 and 25mg/kg/day) and diazepam (2mg/kg) for 7 days. Thirty minutes after the last dose of treatment, acute toxicity and behavioral experiments were performed. RESULTS The highest dose of FC (25mg/kg/day) caused diarrhea, weight loss and death of one animal. Elevated plus maze test showed that lower doses [2.5mg/kg/day (36.4±5.1s) and 5mg/kg/day (43.9±6.2s)] increased the time spent in open arms (TSOA). Open field test revealed reduction in the number of crossings (54.9%, 51.1%, 48% and 67.7% for 2.5, 5, 10 and 25mg/kg/day, respectively) in all doses of FC studied and decrease of rearings at 25mg/kg/day (p<0.05). Computational calculations showed that the inhibition constant (Ki) for the Cas X-D1 complex is up to 1000-fold more favourable than the Cas X-GABAA complex. All ∆G° values obtained for Cas X-D1 complexes were more negative than those seen with Cas X-GABAA complexes. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate a probable anxiolytic action of the FC since it reduces the number of crossings and rearings and prolonged the time spent in open arms, without sedative and myorelaxant effects, probably due to the interaction of Cas X with dopaminergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éverton José Ferreira de Araújo
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil; Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - Oskar Almeida Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Francisco das Chagas Alves Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil; Quantum Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Alberto José Cavalheiro
- Department of Organic Chemisty, Chemistry Institute, State University of São Paulo Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Pessoa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Manoel Odorico de Moraes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil; Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil.
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11
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Moreira da Silva R, Verjee S, de Gaitani CM, Moraes de Oliveira AR, Pires Bueno PC, Cavalheiro AJ, Peporine Lopes N, Butterweck V. Evaluation of the Intestinal Absorption Mechanism of Casearin X in Caco-2 Cells with Modified Carboxylesterase Activity. J Nat Prod 2016; 79:1084-1090. [PMID: 26990770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b01139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The clerodane diterpene casearin X (1), isolated from the leaves of Casearia sylvestris, is a potential new drug candidate due to its potent in vitro cytotoxic activity. In this work, the intestinal absorption mechanism of 1 was evaluated using Caco-2 cells with and without active carboxylesterases (CES). An LC-MS method was developed and validated for the quantification of 1. The estimation of permeability coefficients was possible only under CES-inhibited conditions in which 1 is able to cross the Caco-2 cell monolayer. The mechanism is probably by active transport, with no significant efflux, but with a high retention of the compound inside the cells. The enzymatic hydrolysis assay demonstrates the susceptibility of 1 to first-pass metabolism as substrate for specific CES expressed in human intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Moreira da Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo , 14040-903 Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Sheela Verjee
- Institute for Pharma Technology, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland , 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Cristiane Masetto de Gaitani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo , 14040-903 Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Anderson Rodrigo Moraes de Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo , 14040-901 Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Paula Carolina Pires Bueno
- Nucleus of Bioassays, Biosynthesis and Ecophysiology of Natural Products, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Sao Paulo State University , 14801-970 Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Alberto José Cavalheiro
- Nucleus of Bioassays, Biosynthesis and Ecophysiology of Natural Products, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Sao Paulo State University , 14801-970 Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Norberto Peporine Lopes
- Nucleus of Research for Natural Products and Synthetics, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo , 14040-903 Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Veronika Butterweck
- Institute for Pharma Technology, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland , 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
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12
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Xu J, Kang J, Sun X, Cao X, Rena K, Lee D, Ren Q, Li S, Ohizumi Y, Guo Y. Di- and Triterpenoids from the Leaves of Casearia balansae and Neurite Outgrowth Promoting Effects of PC12 Cells. J Nat Prod 2016; 79:170-179. [PMID: 26699618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A bioassay-guided phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Casearia balansae led to the isolation of six new cucurbitane-type triterpenoid derivatives (balanterpenes A-F, 1-6) and four new clerdoane-type diterpenoids (balanterpenes G-J, 7-10). The structures of 1-10 were established on the basis of extensive analysis of NMR spectroscopic data, X-ray crystallography, and experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. Compound 1 features a ring-expanded triterpenoid skeleton with the C-19 methyl involved in the ring formation, compound 6 possesses a rare hexanortriterpenoid scaffold, and compounds 7-10 may be four new diterpenoid artifacts presumably formed during the extraction and purification processes. Compounds 3 and 7-10 showed promoting effects on neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells with EC50 values in the range 2.9-10.0 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kasimu Rena
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University , Urumuqi 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongho Lee
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University , Seoul 136-713, Korea
| | | | | | - Yasushi Ohizumi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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13
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Meesakul P, Ritthiwigrom T, Cheenpracha S, Sripisut T, Maneerat W, Machan T, Laphookhieo S. A New Cytotoxic Clerodane Diterpene from Casearia graveolens Twigs. Nat Prod Commun 2016; 11:13-15. [PMID: 26996007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The first phytochemical investigation of Casearia graveolens twigs led to the isolation and identification of a new clerodane diterpene, caseariagraveolin (1), together with six known compounds (2-7). Their structures were elucidated by intensive analysis of their spectroscopic data. Compound 1 showed strong cytotoxicity against oral cavity and breast cancer cell lines with IC₅₀ values of 2.48 and 6.63 µM, respectively.
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14
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Nguyen HTT, Truong NB, Doan HTM, Litaudon M, Retailleau P, Do TT, Nguyen HV, Chau MV, Pham CV. Cytotoxic Clerodane Diterpenoids from the Leaves of Casearia grewiifolia. J Nat Prod 2015; 78:2726-2730. [PMID: 26516994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Two new clerodane diterpenoids (1 and 2) and the known compound caseanigrescen D (3) were isolated from the leaves of Casearia grewiifolia by bioassay-guided fractionation. Their structures were determined by analyses of MS and 2D NMR data. The absolute configurations of 1 and 3 were established by analysis of X-ray diffraction data. Compounds 1-3 were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against four cancer cell lines, KB (mouth epidermal carcinoma cells), HepG-2 (human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells), LU-1 (human lung adenocarcinoma cells), and MCF-7 (human breast cancer cells). Caseagrewifolin B (2) had inhibitory activity against KB and HepG-2 cell lines with IC50 values of 6.2 to 7.0 μM, respectively. When tested against the normal cells (NIH/3T3), caseagrewifolin B (2) exhibited a significant selective inhibition against cancer cells in comparison with the normal cells. Caseanigrescen D (3) was cytotoxic against four cancer cell lines; however it had no selective inhibition compared with normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha T T Nguyen
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry of the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ngan B Truong
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry of the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huong T M Doan
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry of the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Marc Litaudon
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS-ICSN, UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud , 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS-ICSN, UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud , 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Thao T Do
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hung V Nguyen
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry of the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Minh V Chau
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry of the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Cuong V Pham
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry of the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
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15
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Abstract
Biologically active substances that promote the neurite outgrowth of nerve cells against neuron degeneration may be useful for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In a continuing search for bioactive compounds from plants, an ethyl acetate-soluble extract of the twigs of Casearia graveolens showed moderate stimulatory activity of neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells. Further investigation to obtain bioactive compounds led to the isolation of 10 new clerodane diterpenoids, graveopenes A-J (1-10). Their structures including absolute configurations were elucidated based on analysis of their NMR spectroscopic data and experimental and calculated ECD spectra. Compounds 3-6 and 8 were shown to stimulate NGF-mediated neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells.
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MESH Headings
- Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Casearia/chemistry
- Diterpenes, Clerodane/chemistry
- Diterpenes, Clerodane/isolation & purification
- Diterpenes, Clerodane/pharmacology
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Molecular Structure
- Nerve Growth Factor/drug effects
- Neurites/drug effects
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
- PC12 Cells
- Plants, Medicinal/chemistry
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Feifei Ji
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce , Harbin 150076, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | - Yasushi Ohizumi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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16
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Xu J, Zhang Q, Wang M, Ren Q, Sun Y, Jin DQ, Xie C, Chen H, Ohizumi Y, Guo Y. Bioactive clerodane diterpenoids from the twigs of Casearia balansae. J Nat Prod 2014; 77:2182-2189. [PMID: 25286284 DOI: 10.1021/np5003516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Eight new clerodane diterpenes, balanspenes A-H (1-8), along with two known analogues (9 and 10), were isolated from the twigs of Casearia balansae. The structures of 1-8 were elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data analysis, and the absolute configurations of compounds 1, 4, and 7 were confirmed by comparing their experimental CD spectra with those calculated by the time-dependent density functional theory method. Compounds 4-7, 9, and 10 were found to possess the property of being able to stimulate NGF-mediated neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Casearia/chemistry
- Circular Dichroism
- Diterpenes, Clerodane/chemistry
- Diterpenes, Clerodane/isolation & purification
- Diterpenes, Clerodane/pharmacology
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Molecular Structure
- Nerve Growth Factor/pharmacology
- Neurites/drug effects
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
- PC12 Cells
- Plant Stems/chemistry
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, ‡Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, and ⊥School of Medicine, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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17
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Frediani Brant NM, Mourão Gasparotto F, de Oliveira Araújo V, Christian Maraschin J, Lima Ribeiro RDC, Botelho Lourenço EL, Cardozo Junior EL, Gasparotto Junior A. Cardiovascular protective effects of Casearia sylvestris Swartz in Swiss and C57BL/6 LDLr-null mice undergoing high fat diet. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 154:419-427. [PMID: 24747027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Although Casearia sylvestris Swartz is used in Brazilian folk medicine to treat obesity, no study has been conducted to evaluate the effects of this species in an experimental model of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate possible hypolipemiant and antiatherogenic activity of the methanolic extract obtained from Casearia sylvestris (MECS) using Swiss and C57BL/6 LDLr-null mice undergoing high fat diet (HFD). MATERIAL AND METHODS Dyslipidemia and atherogenesis were induced by the administration of commercial HFD for 4 weeks. The MECS was administered orally at doses of 250 and 500mg/kg, once a day, for two weeks, starting from the 2nd week of HFD. The gain in body weight and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were measured weekly over the four week study. At the end of the experiments the levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) were measured by colorimetric method. Aldosterone, vasopressin and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity were also evaluated in collected serum. The renal function, atherogenic index serum (AIS) and in vitro antiplatelet activity were investigated. Additionally, histopathological analyzes were performed to determine the intima-media thickness (IMT) and intima media ratio (IMR) in aorta samples. RESULTS The HFD induced dyslipidemia and major structural changes in the aortic wall, including raising of the systolic blood pressure in LDLr-null mice. In addition, we observed an increase in lipid peroxidation accompanied by a reduction of serum nitrite. The treatment with MECS was able to prevent the increase of SBP, TC, LDL-C, VLDL-C and triglycerides levels and increase HDL-C in Swiss and LDLr-null mice. These effects were accompanied by a significant reduction in oxidative stress. Moreover, AIS, IMT and IMR were significantly reduced in MECS-treated mice, and the extract was able to reduce platelet aggregation in vitro. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that MECS reduces the serum lipids and oxidative stress when orally administered to Swiss and LDLr-null mice. In addition, it was able to prevent arterial thickening induced by HFD and to inhibit platelet aggregation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rita de Cassia Lima Ribeiro
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Agrárias, Tecnológicas e Geociências, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Médicas e da Saúde, Universidade Paranaense, PR, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacologia Cardiovascular, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brasil.
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18
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Bou DD, Tempone AG, Pinto ÉG, Lago JHG, Sartorelli P. Antiparasitic activity and effect of casearins isolated from Casearia sylvestris on Leishmania and Trypanosoma cruzi plasma membrane. Phytomedicine 2014; 21:676-681. [PMID: 24560122 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis and Chagas disease are infectious diseases caused by parasite Leishmania sp. and Trypanosoma cruzi, respectively, and are included among the most neglected diseases in several underdeveloped and developing countries, with an urgent demand for new drugs. Considering the antiparasitic potential of MeOH extract from leaves of Casearia sylvestris Sw. (Salicaceae), a bioguided fractionation was conducted and afforded four active clerodane diterpenes (casearins A, B, G, and J). The obtained results indicated a superior efficacy of tested casearins against trypomastigotes of T. cruzi, with IC50 values ranging from 0.53 to 2.77 μg/ml. Leishmania infantum promastigotes were also susceptible to casearins, with IC50 values in a range between 4.45 and 9.48 μg/ml. These substances were also evaluated for mammalian cytotoxicity against NCTC cells resulting in 50% cytotoxic concentrations (CC50) ranging from 1.46 to 13.76 μg/ml. Additionally, the action of casearins on parasite membranes was investigated using the fluorescent probe SYTOX Green. The obtained results demonstrated a strong interaction of casearins A and B to the plasma membrane of T. cruzi parasites, corroborating their higher efficacy against these parasites. In contrast, the tested casearins induced no alteration in the permeability of plasma membrane of Leishmania parasites, suggesting that biochemical differences between Leishmania and T. cruzi plasma membrane might have contributed to the target effect of casearins on trypomastigotes. Thus, considering the importance of studying novel and selective drug candidates against protozoans, casearins A, B, G, and J could be used as tools to future drug design studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Dinis Bou
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 09972-270 Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - André G Tempone
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, 01246-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Érika G Pinto
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, 01246-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, 05403-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Henrique G Lago
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 09972-270 Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Sartorelli
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 09972-270 Diadema, SP, Brazil.
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19
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Wang B, Wang XL, Wang SQ, Shen T, Liu YQ, Yuan H, Lou HX, Wang XN. Cytotoxic clerodane diterpenoids from the leaves and twigs of Casearia balansae. J Nat Prod 2013; 76:1573-1579. [PMID: 24033131 DOI: 10.1021/np400212d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ten new clerodane diterpenoids (1-10), caseabalansins A-G, 18-epicaseabalansin A, 2-epicaseabalansin B, and 2-epicaseabalansin C, one new triterpenoid, balansinone (11), and seven known diterpenoids (12-18) were obtained from the leaves and twigs of Casearia balansae. Compounds 1 and 2 are the first examples of clerodane diterpenoids with an oxygen bridge between C-2 and C-19, and compounds 5-7 are three new diterpenoid artifacts presumably formed during the extraction process. The structures of the new compounds were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data, and that of 11 was verified by single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis. Compound 15 showed cytotoxic activity against the tumor cell lines PC3, DU145, SKOV3, and A549 with IC₅₀ values of 4.5, 4.3, 5.1, and 5.7 μM, respectively. Compounds 1a, 2a, and 4 showed selective activity against PC3 tumor cells.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Casearia/chemistry
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Diterpenes, Clerodane/chemistry
- Diterpenes, Clerodane/isolation & purification
- Diterpenes, Clerodane/pharmacology
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Humans
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Molecular Conformation
- Molecular Structure
- Plant Leaves/chemistry
- Plant Stems/chemistry
- Stereoisomerism
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
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20
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Govindasamy C, Al-Numair KS, Alsaif MA, Viswanathan KP. Influence of 3-hydroxymethyl xylitol, a novel antidiabetic compound isolated from Casearia esculenta (Roxb.) root, on glycoprotein components in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2011; 13:700-706. [PMID: 21751837 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2011.585157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Casearia esculenta root (Roxb.) is widely used in traditional system of medicine to treat diabetes in India. An active compound, 3-hydroxymethyl xylitol (3-HMX), has been isolated, and its optimum dose has been determined in a short duration study and patented. In addition, the long-term effect of 3-HMX in type 2 diabetic rats on antihyperglycemic, antioxidants, antihyperlipidemic, and protein metabolism and kidney marker enzymes was investigated, and its effect was shown previously. In this study, we investigated the effect of 3-HMX on plasma and tissue glycoproteins in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Animals were divided into five groups viz., control group, 3-HMX (40 mg/kg of body weight) treated group, diabetic group, diabetic+3-HMX (40 mg/kg of body weight), and diabetic+glibenclamide (600 μg/kg of body weight). 3-HMX was administered orally at a dose of 40 mg/kg of body weight for 45 days. The study shows significant increases in the level of sialic acid except kidney and elevated levels of hexose, hexosamine, and fucose in the liver and kidney of diabetic rats, and the treatment with 3-HMX and glibenclamide showed reversal of these parameters toward normalcy. Thus, the study indicates that 3-HMX possesses a significant beneficial effect on glycoprotein components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandramohan Govindasamy
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Vieira-Júnior GM, Dutra LA, Ferreira PMP, de Moraes MO, Costa Lotufo LV, Pessoa CDÓ, Torres RB, Boralle N, Bolzani VDS, Cavalheiro AJ. Cytotoxic clerodane diterpenes from Casearia rupestris. J Nat Prod 2011; 74:776-781. [PMID: 21381705 DOI: 10.1021/np100840w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Four new clerodane diterpenes, casearupestrins A-D (1-4), were isolated from the leaves of Casearia rupestris. Compounds 1 and 4 were acetylated to yield 2,7-di-O-acetylcasearupestrin A (5) and 2,6-di-O-acetylcasearupestrin D (6). All compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against a small panel of human cancer cell lines. Casearupestrin A (1) exhibited the most potent activity against MDA/MB-435 (human melanoma) and SF-295 (human glioblastoma) cells, superior to that of the standard drug doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo M Vieira-Júnior
- Institute of Chemistry, Nucley of Bioassay, Biosynthesis and Ecophysiology of Natural Products (NuBBE), São Paulo State University, UNESP, C.P. 14801-970, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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22
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Whitson EL, Thomas CL, Henrich CJ, Sayers TJ, McMahon JB, McKee TC. Clerodane diterpenes from Casearia arguta that act as synergistic TRAIL sensitizers. J Nat Prod 2010; 73:2013-8. [PMID: 21067210 PMCID: PMC3058848 DOI: 10.1021/np1004455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Casearia arguta was investigated as part of the ongoing search for synergistic TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-α-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) sensitizers. As a result of this study, argutins A-H, eight new highly oxygenated clerodane diterpenes, were isolated from the plant Casearia arguta collected in Guatemala. The modified Mosher ester method was utilized to establish the absolute configuration of argutins A and F. Each of the argutins showed varying levels of synergy with TRAIL. Argutin B showed the highest TRAIL sensitization; the synergistic effect of argutin B and TRAIL together was 3-fold greater than argutin B alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tawnya C. McKee
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: (301) 846-1943. Fax: (301) 846-6851.
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Wang W, Ali Z, Lia XC, Khan IA. A new ent-labdane diterpene glycoside from the leaves of Casearia sylvestris. Nat Prod Commun 2010; 5:771-774. [PMID: 20521544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sylvestin (1), a new ent-labdane glycoside, was isolated from the leaves of Casearia sylvestris. The structure was determined on the basis of 1D and 2 D NMR and HR-ESI-MS analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
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24
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Chandramohan G, Al-Numair KS, Sridevi M, Pugalendi KV. Antihyperlipidemic activity of 3-hydroxymethyl xylitol, a novel antidiabetic compound isolated from Casearia esculenta (Roxb.) root, in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2010; 24:95-101. [PMID: 20146230 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.20317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Casearia esculenta root (Roxb.) is widely used in traditional system of medicine to treat diabetes in India. An active compound, 3-hydroxymethyl xylitol (3-HMX), has been isolated, and its optimum dose has been determined in a short duration study and patented. In addition, the long-term effect of 3-HMX in type 2 diabetic rats on carbohydrate metabolism was investigated, and its antihyperglycemic effect was shown previously (Chandramohan et al., Eur J Pharmacol 2008;590:437-443). In this study we investigated the effect of 3-HMX on plasma and tissue lipid profiles in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in adult male albino rats of the Wistar strain, weighing 180-200 g, by administration of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg of body weight) intraperitoneally. The normal and diabetic rats were treated with 3-HMX (40 mg/kg BW/day) for 45 days. The levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, and phospholipids were assayed in the plasma besides lipoprotein-cholesterol (high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C)) and tissues (liver, kidney, heart, and brain). Total cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, and phospholipid (LDL-C and VLDL-C in plasma only) levels increased in plasma and tissues significantly, whereas plasma HDL-C significantly decreased in diabetic rats. Treatment with 3-HMX or glibenclamide reversed the above-mentioned changes and improved toward normalcy. Histological study of liver also confirmed the biochemical findings. Thus administration of 3-HMX is able to reduce hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia related to the risk of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindasamy Chandramohan
- Community Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 10219, Riyadh-11433, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Chai XY, Li FF, Bai CC, Xu ZR, Shi HM, Tu PF. Three new acylated glycosides from the stems of Casearia velutina and their protective effect against H2O2-induced impairment in PC12 cells. Planta Med 2010; 76:91-93. [PMID: 19591090 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1185902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the stems of Casearia velutina led to the isolation and structural elucidation of three new acylated glycosides, casearicosides A-C (1-3), together with 13 known compounds. The structures of the new compounds were established by spectroscopic and chemical methods. These isolates were evaluated for protective effects against H(2)O(2)-induced impairment in PC12 cells and inhibitory activity against snake venom phosphodiesterase I. A brief chemotaxonomy of the genus Casearia is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yun Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P R China
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Abstract
Two highly oxygenated clerodane diterpenes casearins U (1) and V (2) and two ent-kaurane diterpene glucosides sylvestrisides A (3) and B (4) were isolated from the leaves of Casearia sylvestris, together with 13 known compounds. Their structures were established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses and comparison with literature data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
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Cavalcante WLG, Campos TO, Dal Pai-Silva M, Pereira PS, Oliveira CZ, Soares AM, Gallacci M. Neutralization of snake venom phospholipase A2 toxins by aqueous extract of Casearia sylvestris (Flacourtiaceae) in mouse neuromuscular preparation. J Ethnopharmacol 2007; 112:490-7. [PMID: 17540522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2006] [Revised: 03/01/2007] [Accepted: 04/15/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous extract of Casearia sylvestris (Flacourtiaceae) has been shown to inhibit enzymatic and biological properties of some Bothrops and Crotalus venoms and their purified phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) toxins. In this work we evaluated the influence of C. sylvestris aqueous extract upon neuromuscular blocking and muscle damaging activities of some PLA(2)s (crotoxin from C. durissus terrificus, bothropstoxin-I from B. jararacussu, piratoxin-I from B. pirajai and myotoxin-II from B. moojeni) in mouse phrenic-diaphragm preparations. Crotoxin (0.5 microM) and all other PLA(2) toxins (1.0 microM) induced irreversible and time-dependent blockade of twitches. Except for crotoxin, all PLA(2) toxins induced significant muscle damage indices, assessed by microscopic analysis. Preincubation of bothropstoxin-I, piratoxin-I or myotoxin-II with C. sylvestris extract (1:5 (w/w), 30 min, 37 degrees C) significantly prevented the neuromuscular blockade of preparations exposed to the mixtures for 90 min; the extent of protection ranged from 93% to 97%. The vegetal extract also neutralized the muscle damage (protection of 80-95%). Higher concentration of the C. sylvestris extract (1:10, w/w) was necessary to neutralize by 90% the neuromuscular blockade induced by crotoxin. These findings expanded the spectrum of C. sylvestris antivenom activities, evidencing that it may be a good source of potentially useful PLA(2) inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter L G Cavalcante
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of a methanol extract of the fruits of Casearia grewiifolia afforded eight new clerodane diterpenes, caseargrewiins E-L (1-8), and a known clerodane diterpene, esculentin B (9). The structures of 1-8 were established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. Most of these compounds exhibited cytotoxicity against three cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the range 0.15-6.00 microg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somdej Kanokmedhakul
- Department of Chemistry, Applied Taxonomic Research Center, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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29
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Williams RB, Norris A, Miller JS, Birkinshaw C, Ratovoson F, Andriantsiferana R, Rasamison VE, Kingston DGI. Cytotoxic clerodane diterpenoids and their hydrolysis products from Casearia nigrescens from the rainforest of Madagascar. J Nat Prod 2007; 70:206-9. [PMID: 17315961 PMCID: PMC2435182 DOI: 10.1021/np0605034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the cytotoxic leaf and flower extract of Casearia nigrescens led to the isolation of four new clerodane diterpenoids, designated caseanigrescens A-D (1-4). These compounds were subject to hydrolysis to dialdehydes when stored in CDCl3. The structures of compounds 1-4 were determined using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. All four compounds showed moderate cytotoxicity to the A2780 human ovarian cancer cell line, with an IC50 range of 0.83-1.4 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell B. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, M/C 0212, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0212
| | - Andrew Norris
- Department of Chemistry, M/C 0212, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0212
| | - James S. Miller
- Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299
| | - Chris Birkinshaw
- Missouri Botanical Garden, B.P 3391, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | - Fidy Ratovoson
- Missouri Botanical Garden, B.P 3391, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | - Rabodo Andriantsiferana
- Centre National d’Application des Recherches Pharmaceutiques, B.P. 702, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | - Vincent E. Rasamison
- Centre National d’Application des Recherches Pharmaceutiques, B.P. 702, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | - David G. I. Kingston
- Department of Chemistry, M/C 0212, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0212
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: (540) 231-6570. Fax: (540) 231-7702. E-mail:
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30
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da Silva AC, Balz D, de Souza JBD, Morsch VM, Corrêa MC, Zanetti GD, Manfron MP, Schetinger MRC. Inhibition of NTPDase, 5'-nucleotidase, Na+/K+-ATPase and acetylcholinesterase activities by subchronic treatment with Casearia sylvestris. Phytomedicine 2006; 13:509-14. [PMID: 16785042 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2005.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2004] [Accepted: 01/11/2005] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The aqueous extract of Casearia sylvestris was tested in cortical membrane preparations. C. sylvestris was obtained commercially from two different sources, designated as Sample A and Sample B. The enzymes studied in this work were NTPDase-like, 5'-Nucleotidase, Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Adult rats received aqueous extracts from C. sylvestris in a dose of 20mg/kg body wt. daily for a 75-day-period, by oral administration (gavage). Our study showed that this treatment caused an inhibition of NTPDase-like activity with both, ATP (19.41% with Sample A and 25.03% with Sample B) and ADP (41.57% with Sample A and 31.20% with Sample B) as substrates. This treatment also caused an inhibition of 5'-nucleotidase activity (28.34% with Sample A and 31.46% with Sample B) and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (25.08% with Sample A and 24.81% with Sample B). The rate of acetylcholine degradation was reduced, as shown by the inhibition of AChE (31.65% and 26.74%, Samples A and B, respectively). These results suggest that extracts of C. sylvestris can cause neurochemical alterations in the purinergic and cholinergic systems of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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31
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Abstract
Four phenolic glycosides (1-4), including two new ones (3 and 4), have been isolated from the stems of Casearia multinervosa and identified as arbutin (1), 4-O-E-caffeoylarbutin (2), 4-O-E-coumaroylarbutin (3) and 4-O-E-feruloylarbutin (4), respectively. In addition, the two known phenolic glycosides (1 and 2) were also isolated from the leaves. Structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. Compounds 1-4 were tested for cytotoxicity against the P388 mouse lympholytic cell line by an ATP Lite-M assay method and showed mild to moderate activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ashik
- Centre for Phytochemistry and Pharmacology, Southern Cross University, P.O. Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
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Bandeira KF, Tininis AG, Da Bolzani VS, Cavalheiro AJ. Optimisation of conditions for the extraction of casearins from Casearia sylvestris using response surface methodology. Phytochem Anal 2006; 17:168-75. [PMID: 16749424 DOI: 10.1002/pca.902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Optimal conditions for the extraction of casearins from Casearia sylvestris were determined using response surface methodology. The maceration and sonication extraction techniques were performed using a 3 x 3 x 3 full factorial design including three acidity conditions, three solvents of different polarities and three extraction times. The yields and selectivities of the extraction of casearins were significantly influenced by acidity conditions. Taking into account all variables tested, the optimal conditions for maceration extraction were estimated to involve treatment with dichloromethane saturated with ammonium hydroxide for 26 h. Similar yields and selectivities for casearins were determined for sonication extraction using the same solvent but for the much shorter time of 1 h. The best results for stabilisation of the fresh plant material were obtained using leaves that had been oven dried at 40 degrees C for 48 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin F Bandeira
- Núcleo de Bioensaios, Biossíntese e Ecofisiologia de Produtos Naturais (NuBBE), Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-900, São Paulo, Brazil
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Prakasam A, Sethupathy S, Pugalendi KV. Modulating role of 'Saptarangi' (Casearia esculenta) on membrane bound ATPase in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Pharmazie 2005; 60:874-7. [PMID: 16320953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the activities of adenosine triphosphatase (Na+/K+ATPase, Mg2+ATPase, Ca2+ATPase and Total ATPase) in erythrocyte, liver, kidney and cardiac tissues of control and Casearia esculenta treated streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. The activity of Na+/K+ATPase plays a central role in the regulation of intra and extra cellular homeostasis and alteration of this transport system is thought to be linked to several complications of diabetes mellitus. An Mg2+ dependent ATPase activity is responsible for controlling the energy requiring process in cells whereas Ca2+ATPase is responsible for the signal transduction pathways and membrane fluidity. Activities of these enzymes were significantly altered (p < 0.05) in STZ diabetic rats. Oral administration of C. esculenta root extract for a period of 45 days resulted in significant (p < 0.05) reversal of these enzymes' activities to near normal. Thus the results suggest that C. esculenta protects the membrane integrity and functional status in STZ diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prakasam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India
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Shen YC, Cheng YB, Ahmed AF, Lee CL, Chen SY, Chien CT, Kuo YH, Tzeng GL. Cytotoxic clerodane diterpenoids from Casearia membranacea. J Nat Prod 2005; 68:1665-8. [PMID: 16309320 DOI: 10.1021/np058063o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the EtOAc extract of Casearia membranacea leaves and twigs afforded three new clerodane diterpenes, caseamembrins M-O (1-3), and the known rel-(2S,5R,6R,8S,9S,10R,18S,19R)-2-(2-methylbutyryloxy)-6-hydroxy-18,19-di-O-acetyl-18,19-epoxycleroda-3,13(16),14-triene (4) and caseamembrin D (5). The structures of 1-3, including the relative configurations, were established by extensive NMR spectroscopic analyses. The cytotoxic activities of the isolated diterpenoids against human oral epidermoid (KB), medulla (Med), and colon (DLD-1) cancer cell lines were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ching Shen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Abstract
Leaves of Casearia sylvestris, Casearia decandra and Casearia obliqua plant species, collected at the Atlantic Forest in Brazil, were analyzed by using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Short and long irradiations using thermal neutron flux of the IEA-R1 nuclear reactor were carried out for these analyses. Concentrations of Ca, K and Mg were found in these samples at the percentage levels, Br, Cl, Fe, Mn, Na, Rb and Zn at the microg g(-1) levels and Co, Cr, Cs, La, and Sc at the microg kg(-1) levels. Comparisons were made among the element concentrations obtained in these three Casearia species and significant differences were found for the elements Cl, Co, Cs, Cr, La, Mn, Na and Sc. The precision and the accuracy of the results were evaluated by analyzing the certified reference materials NIST-1515 Apple Leaves and NIST-1573a Tomato Leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- C I Yamashita
- Neutron Activation Analysis Laboratory, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2242, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Esteves I, Souza IR, Rodrigues M, Cardoso LGV, Santos LS, Sertie JAA, Perazzo FF, Lima LM, Schneedorf JM, Bastos JK, Carvalho JCT. Gastric antiulcer and anti-inflammatory activities of the essential oil from Casearia sylvestris Sw. J Ethnopharmacol 2005; 101:191-6. [PMID: 15994044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2004] [Revised: 04/08/2005] [Accepted: 04/27/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the antiulcer and antiinflammatory activities of the essential oil from Casearia sylvestris leaves (EOCS) the following tests were used: rat paw edema, granulomatous tissue test, vascular permeability, writhing test, gastric ulcer stress-induced and evaluation of gastric secretion (pylorus ligation test). The total yield of EOCS was 2.5% with LD50 of 1100 mg/kg in mouse. The major compounds identified using gas chromatography were caryophyllene, thujopsene, alfa-humulene, beta-acoradiene, germacrene-d, bicyclogermacrene, calamenene, germacrene B, spathulenol and globulol. The EOCS orally administered to the rats at 125 mg/kg resulted 36% of inhibition in carrageenan-induced edema in the rat paw assay (p<0.05, Student's t-test). However, both rat paw edema dextran-induced and vascular permeability assay using histamine showed no significant inhibition. Mice submitted to the writhing test using acetic acid presented 58% and 56% of inhibition in writhes with EOCS and indomethacin, respectively. Furthermore, EOCS inhibited 90% of stress-induced gastric ulcer, while cimetidine inhibited 70% (p<0.05, Student's t-test). The volume of gastric secretion in the group treated with EOCS was greater than the group treated with cimetidine. The EOCS also showed no changes related to H+ levels in the gastric secretion. With the overall results obtained in this study the authors suggest an anti-inflammatory activity for the EOCS of Casearia sylvestris beyond its anti-ulcer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iracema Esteves
- Laboratório de Fitofármacos, UNIFENAS, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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37
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Prakasam A, Sethupathy S, Pugalendi KV. Influence of Casearia esculenta root extract on glycoprotein components in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Pharmazie 2005; 60:229-32. [PMID: 15801680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate the role of the indigenous antidiabetic medicinal plant Casearia esculenta on glycoprotein components in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats in plasma, liver, kidney and cardiac tissues. Streptozotocin injection (50 mg/kg body weight) caused massive elevation of glycoprotein components such as hexose, hexosamine, sialic acid and fucose in plasma and tissues of diabetic control and experimental animals. Oral administration of C. esculenta root extract (200 and 300 mg/kg body weight) for 45 days significantly reverted the hexose, hexosamine, sialic acid and fucose levels to near normal values. These results suggest a normalizing effect of C. esculenta on glycoprotein components in STZ diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prakasam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India
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38
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Kanokmedhakul S, Kanokmedhakul K, Kanarsa T, Buayairaksa M. New bioactive clerodane diterpenoids from the bark of Casearia grewiifolia. J Nat Prod 2005; 68:183-188. [PMID: 15730240 DOI: 10.1021/np049757k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bioactivity-guided fractionation of hexane and dichloromethane extracts of the bark of Casearia grewiifolia afforded four new clerodane diterpenes, caseargrewiins A-D (1-4), and two known clerodane diterpenes, rel-(2S,5R,6R,8S,9S,10R,18S,19R)-18,19-diacetoxy-18,19-epoxy-6-methoxy-2-(2-methylbutanoyloxy)cleroda-3,13(16),14-triene (5) and rel-(2S,5R,6R,8S,9S,10R,18S,19R)-18,19-diacetoxy-18,19-epoxy-6-hydroxy-2-(2-methylbutanoyloxy)cleroda-3,13(16),14-triene (6). The structures of 1-4 were established on the basis of the interpretation of their 1D and 2D NMR spectral data. The absolute configuration of 4 was determined by the modified Mosher's method. All compounds exhibited promising antimalarial and antimycobacterial activities but also cytotoxicity against three cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somdej Kanokmedhakul
- Department of Chemistry, Applied Taxonomic Research Center, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Maistro EL, Carvalho JCT, Mantovani MS. Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of the Casearia sylvestris extract on HTC and V79 cells by the comet assay. Toxicol In Vitro 2004; 18:337-42. [PMID: 15046781 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2003.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2003] [Accepted: 10/14/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Casearia sylvestris is common in tropical America growing wild in Brazil in the states of Amazonas and São Paulo. Its leaves are used in Brazilian folk medicine for several diseases. The present investigation was carried out to examine the genotoxic effects of a C. sylvestris crude ethanolic extract on Hepatoma Tissue Culture (HTC cells) of Rattus norvegicus and Chinese hamster V79 cells in culture, using the comet assay. For the genotoxic evaluation the cells were treated with three different concentrations (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/ml) of extract prepared from a 25 mg/ml aqueous solution. The positive control was cyclophosphamide for HTC cells and methyl methanesulfonate for V79 cells. The duration of the treatment was 2 h. The results showed that the extract of C. sylvestris presented no genotoxic effects and not modified effect inducing DNA damage by alkylating agents cyclophosphamide and methyl methanesulfonate in HTC and V 79 cells respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Maistro
- Instituto de Farmácia e Nutrição, UNIFENAS, 37130-000, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Shen YC, Wang CH, Cheng YB, Wang LT, Guh JH, Chien CT, Khalil AT. New cytotoxic clerodane diterpenoids from the leaves and twigs of Casearia membranacea. J Nat Prod 2004; 67:316-321. [PMID: 15043402 DOI: 10.1021/np0303658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of an EtOAc-soluble extract of Casearia membranacea has resulted in the isolation of six new clerodane diterpenes, caseamembrins A-F (1-6), and a known compound, rel-(2S,5R,6R,8S,9S,10R,18S,19R)-diacetoxy-18,19-epoxy-6-hydroxy-2-(2-methylbutanoyloxy)cleroda-3,13(16),14-triene (7). The structures of 1-6 were established on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis. In addition, the new derivatives, 8 and 9, were prepared by acylation of 7 and 3, respectively. The isolated diterpenoids and their derivatives were tested against human prostate (PC-3) and hepatoma (Hep3B) cancer cells. Compounds 1, 3-5, and 7 exhibited cytotoxicity against both tumor cells, with IC(50) values below 3 micromicro, while compounds 2, 6, 8, and 9 were less effective.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylation
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Casearia/chemistry
- Diterpenes, Clerodane/chemistry
- Diterpenes, Clerodane/isolation & purification
- Diterpenes, Clerodane/pharmacology
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Humans
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Molecular Structure
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
- Plant Leaves/chemistry
- Plants, Medicinal/chemistry
- Taiwan
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ching Shen
- Institute of Marine Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien-Hai Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Abstract
In addition to casearlucin A (3), two new clerodane diterpenes, caseamembrols A (1) and B (2) have been isolated from the leaves and twigs of Casearia membranacea by bioassay-guided fractionation. The structures of the new compounds were established on the basis of extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1-3 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against human prostate (PC-3) cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ching Shen
- Institute of Marine Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien-Hai Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Prakasam A, Sethupathy S, Pugalendi KV. Hypolipidaemic effect of Casearia esculenta root extracts in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Pharmazie 2003; 58:828-32. [PMID: 14664341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The hypolipidaemic effect of an aqueous extract of Casearia esculenta root, an indigenous antidiabetic medicine popularly used in rural South India was investigated. Administration of the extract of C. esculenta (200 and 300 mg/kg body wt.) for 45 days resulted in significant reduction in serum and tissue cholesterol, phospholipids, free fatty acids and triglycerides in streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. In addition to that, significant (p < 0.05) decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL) whereas significant increase (p < 0.05) in low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) were observed in STZ diabetic rats, which was normalized after 45 days of C. esculenta root extract treatment. The root extract at dose of 300 mg/kg body wt. showed much significant hypolipidaemic effects than the dose of 200 mg/kg body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prakasam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India
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Chang KC, Duh CY, Chen IS, Tsai IL. A cytotoxic butenolide, two new dolabellane diterpenoids, a chroman and a benzoquinol derivative formosan Casearia membranacea. Planta Med 2003; 69:667-672. [PMID: 12898426 DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-41120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of a cytotoxic chloroform-soluble fraction of the stem of Casearia membranacea (Flacourtiaceae) led to the isolation of five new compounds, including one butenolide, casealactone (1), one chroman, caseamemin (2), two dolabellane diterpenoids, casearimene A (3) and casearimene B (4), one benzoquinol ether, casearinone (5), together with fifteen known compounds, including two amides, N- trans-feruloyltyramine (6) and N- cis-feruloyltyramine (7), six steroids, beta-sitosterol (8), stigmast-5-ene-3beta,7alpha-diol (9), stigmast-5-ene-3beta,7beta-diol (10), stigmastane-3beta,5alpha,6beta-triol (11), beta-sitostenone (12), beta-sitosterol 3- O-beta-glucoside (13), two triterpenoids, squalene (14) and friedelin (15), one lignan, (+/-)-syringaresinol (16), two benzenoids, syringaldehyde (17) and vanillic acid (18), one ester, methyl hexadecanoate (19), and anthraquinone (20), respectively. Among these isolates, 1 showed cytotoxicity against P-388 and HT-29 cancer cell lines in vitro, and 6 and 7 showed cytotoxicity against the P-388 cancer cell line. The structures of these compounds were determined by means of spectroscopic techniques, and the structure of 3 was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng-Chia Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Izidoro LFM, Rodrigues VM, Rodrigues RS, Ferro EV, Hamaguchi A, Giglio JR, Homsi-Brandeburgo MI. Neutralization of some hematological and hemostatic alterations induced by neuwiedase, a metalloproteinase isolated from Bothrops neuwiedi pauloensis snake venom, by the aqueous extract from Casearia mariquitensis (Flacourtiaceae). Biochimie 2003; 85:669-75. [PMID: 14505822 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(03)00126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aqueous extract from the leaves of Casearia mariquitensis (C. m.), a plant found in Brazilian open pastures, was assayed for its ability to inhibit some hematological and hemostatic effects induced by neuwiedase, a 22 kDa class P-I metalloproteinase from the venom of the South American pit viper Bothrops neuwiedi pauloensis. The aqueous extract from C. m. was able to neutralize the hematological alterations induced by the crude venom (C.V.) upon erythrocytes when the venom was incubated at a ratio of 1:10 (w/w, venom/extract), but it did not neutralize the platelet decreasing ability of C.V. The plasma fibrinogen concentration decreased approximately 36% and 83% when 0.6 LD(50) of the C.V. or neuwiedase, respectively, were injected by i.p. route in mice, and the aqueous extract from C. m. was able to inhibit this effect. The Bbeta fibrinogen chain was protected against degradation caused by crude venom and neuwiedase when the venom or toxin were incubated with C. m. extract. We also observed that this extract exerted a very slight effect on the clotting time, prolonging it only to a little extent. The pulmonary hemorrhage induced by neuwiedase when injected intravenously with 0.6 LD(50) was completely inhibited when this toxin was incubated with the extract at a ratio of 1:10 (w/w, toxin/extract). It is concluded that C. m. displays components able to inhibit some hematological and systemic alterations induced by C.V.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F M Izidoro
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica,Universiade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, 38400-902 MG, Uberlândia, Brazil
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Prakasam A, Sethupathy S, Pugalendi KV. Glycaemic control by Casearia esculenta--a short duration study in albino rats. Pharmazie 2003; 58:49-52. [PMID: 12622253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
An aqueous extract of Casearia esculenta was found to lower blood glucose in basal conditions and after a glucose load in normal rats. Maximum reduction in blood glucose was observed between 2-3 h at a dose level of 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight. C. esculenta extract was also found to reduce the blood sugar level in streptozotocin--induced diabetic rats. Oral administration of the extract significantly reduced the blood sugar in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats for 15 days. The extract was also found to reduce the increased plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), blood urea and improvement in body weight reduction induced by streptozotocin injection. These results indicate that C. esculenta extracts are able to ameliorate biochemical changes induced by streptozotocin in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prakasam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Rajah Muthiah Medical College & Hospital, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
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Prakasam A, Sethupathy S, Pugalendi KV. Antihyperglycaemic effect of Casearia esculenta root extracts in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Pharmazie 2002; 57:758-60. [PMID: 12611280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate the antihyperglycaemic effect of Casearia esculenta root extract and to study the activities of liver hexokinase and gluconeogenic enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase in liver and kidney of normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Oral administration of aqueous extract of root (300 mg/kg body weight) for 45 days resulted in a significant reduction in blood glucose from 250.79 +/- 12.65 to 135.70 +/- 8.90 and in a decrease in the activities of glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bishosphatase and an increase in the activity of liver hexokinase. However, in the case of 200 mg/kg body weight of extract, less activity was observed. The study clearly shows that the root extract of C. esculenta possesses potent antihyperglycaemic activity but weaker than that of glibenclamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prakasam
- Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India
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Raslan DS, Jamal CM, Duarte DS, Borges MH, De Lima ME. Anti-PLA2 action test of Casearia sylvestris Sw. Boll Chim Farm 2002; 141:457-60. [PMID: 12577517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Casearia sylvestris (Flacourtiaceae) is a plant which grows in the wild. The crude extract and pure substances from this plant induced partial inhibition of the PLA: (phospholipase A2) activity of snake venoms and some purified toxins. C. sylvestris extract efficiently neutralized the hemorrhagic and myotoxic activities caused by crude venoms and toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Raslan
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia-ICB, Laboratório de Venenos e Toxinas Animais, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
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