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Exploring the Potential of Pomegranate Peel Extract as a Natural Food Additive: A Review. Curr Nutr Rep 2023:10.1007/s13668-023-00466-z. [PMID: 36920686 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Pomegranate is one of the super fruit and a storehouse of several antioxidants and health-promoting compounds which can act as a natural food additive. The pomegranate processing industry generates huge quantities of by-products, particularly peels (50% of fresh fruit weight), that cause environmental pollution due to improper disposal. In this perspective, the present review article focuses on the chemical composition of pomegranate peel and its application as a natural food additive in different food products such as bakery, dairy, meat/meat products, fish/fish products, edible oils, and packaging materials. RECENT FINDINGS There is a continuous demand for processed foods exhibiting natural food additives over foods containing synthetic additives/colorants, which can cause serious health implications such as cancer with regular consumption. The food industry is looking for an alternative to synthetic/artificial food additives. To overcome these problems, pomegranate peel or its extract can be used as a natural biopreservative in food products that are prone to fat oxidation and microbial growth. Pomegranate peel contains bioactive compounds, especially tannins, phenolic acids, and flavonoids, which have nutraceutical value and possess higher antioxidant activity and antimicrobial properties. Due to these properties, pomegranate peel prevents lipid oxidation in fatty foods and can also retard the microbial growth.
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Punica granatum as Anticandidal and Anti-HIV Agent: An HIV Oral Cavity Potential Drug. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11192622. [PMID: 36235486 PMCID: PMC9571146 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The oral cavity is crucial from diagnosis to adherence to HAART therapy in the HIV/AIDS population; consequently, drugs that can maintain healthy conditions in the oral cavity are necessary for patients with HIV/AIDS. Punica granatum (pomegranate) is a tree that has been employed extensively for centuries in the traditional medicine of ancient cultures for the treatment of a wide range of diseases, including oral and dental diseases. In recent decades, its potent anticandidal properties have been shown, especially on Candida albicans, the cause of the most common clinical manifestation in HIV patients. The present work contributes to the review of the anti-HIV and anticandidal properties of the plant species P. granatum as involved with the oral cavity. The literature reviewed revealed that crude extracts of pomegranate and its main isolated compounds possess inhibitory activity on different HIV targets, including binding viral proteins and the three replicative HIV enzymes. In addition, in the literature reviewed, pomegranate exhibited anticandidal effects on 10 different species. Thus, pomegranate appears to be an excellent candidate to explore and incorporate into the treatment of the oral cavity of HIV/AIDS patients, in that, in addition to its pharmacological effects such as antiviral and anticandidal, pomegranate represents an easily available, inexpensive, and safe natural source.
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Mehdi A, Lamiae B, Samira B, Ramchoun M, Abdelouahed K, Tamas F, Hicham B. Pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.) Attenuates Neuroinflammation Involved in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Foods 2022; 11:2570. [PMID: 36076756 PMCID: PMC9455244 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Food scientists have studied the many health benefits of polyphenols against pernicious human diseases. Evidence from scientific studies has shown that earlier healthy lifestyle changes, particularly in nutrition patterns, can reduce the burden of age-related diseases. In this context, a large number of plant-derived components belonging to the class of polyphenols have been reported to possess neuroprotective benefits. In this review, we examined studies on the effect of dietary polyphenols, notably from Punica granatum L., on neurodegenerative disease, including Alzheimer's disease, which is symptomatically characterized by impairment of cognitive functions. Clinical trials are in favor of the role of some polyphenols in maintaining neuronal homeostasis and attenuating clinical presentations of the disease. However, discrepancies in study design often bring inconsistent findings on the same component and display differences in their effectiveness due to interindividual variability, bioavailability in the body after administration, molecular structures, cross-blood-brain barrier, and signaling pathways such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Based on preclinical and clinical trials, it appears that pomegranate may prove valuable in treating neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Therefore, due to the lack of information on human clinical trials, future in-depth studies, focusing on human beings, of several bioactive components of pomegranate's polyphenols and their synergic effects should be carried out to evaluate their curative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alami Mehdi
- Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco
| | - Benchagra Lamiae
- Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco
| | - Boulbaroud Samira
- Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco
| | - Mhamed Ramchoun
- Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco
| | - Khalil Abdelouahed
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Service, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4N4, Canada
| | - Fulop Tamas
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Service, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4N4, Canada
| | - Berrougui Hicham
- Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Service, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4N4, Canada
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Natural Sources, Pharmacological Properties, and Health Benefits of Daucosterol: Versatility of Actions. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12125779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Daucosterol is a saponin present in various natural sources, including medicinal plant families. This secondary metabolite is produced at different contents depending on species, extraction techniques, and plant parts used. Currently, daucosterol has been tested and explored for its various biological activities. The results reveal potential pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, and anticancer. Indeed, daucosterol possesses important anticancer effects in many signaling pathways, such as an increase in pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bcl2, a decrease in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, upregulation of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene, inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway, and distortion of cell-cycle progression and tumor cell evolution. Its neuroprotective effect is via decreased caspase-3 activation in neurons and during simulated reperfusion (OGD/R), increased IGF1 protein expression (decreasing the downregulation of p-AKT3 and p-GSK-3b4), and activation of the AKT5 signaling pathway. At the same time, daucosterol inhibits key glucose metabolism enzymes to keep blood sugar levels within normal ranges. Therefore, this review describes the principal research on the pharmacological activities of daucosterol and the mechanisms of action underlying some of these effects. Moreover, further investigation of pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology are suggested.
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Laurindo LF, Barbalho SM, Marquess AR, Grecco AIDS, Goulart RDA, Tofano RJ, Bishayee A. Pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.) and Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors and Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081665. [PMID: 35458227 PMCID: PMC9032502 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) can be considered a multipurpose medicinal and dietary plant due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. Pomegranate can be used to prevent or treat metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors. Although previously published reviews addressed the effects of pomegranate on different diseases, there is no systematic review that exclusively focuses on clinical trials related to all MetS-related risk factors. In view of this limitation, the objective of this up-to-date, comprehensive, and systematic review is to critically evaluate the potential of pomegranate (P. granatum) on various MetS risk factors on the basis of clinical studies. PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, COCHRANE, and Clinical Trials.gov databases were searched on 15 October 2021. The Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines were followed, and the bias risk evaluation was performed according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. We identified 5683 studies in the databases. After removing the duplicates, 3418 studies remained. Of these, 147 studies met the eligibility criteria, and finally, only 20 were included in the qualitative analysis. The included studies suggest that pomegranate can be beneficial to reduce body weight, blood pressure, glycemia, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Moreover, it can augment high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and improve insulin resistance. Although relevant effects were observed, additional well-designed clinical trials are needed to determine the correct formulations and doses to be used to prevent or treat MetS components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (A.I.d.S.G.); (R.J.T.)
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (A.I.d.S.G.); (R.J.T.)
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil;
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Food and Technology of Marilia, Marília 17500-000, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: (S.M.B.); or (A.B.)
| | - Alexis R. Marquess
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA;
| | - Annik Ianara de Souza Grecco
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (A.I.d.S.G.); (R.J.T.)
| | - Ricardo de Alvares Goulart
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil;
| | - Ricardo José Tofano
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (A.I.d.S.G.); (R.J.T.)
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil;
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA;
- Correspondence: (S.M.B.); or (A.B.)
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CORONADO-REYES JA, CORTÉS-PENAGOS CDJ, GONZÁLEZ-HERNÁNDEZ JC. Chemical composition and great applications to the fruit of the pomegranate (Punica granatum): a review. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.29420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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AKSOY FS, TEKIN-CAKMAK ZH, KARASU S, AKSOY AS. Oxidative stability of the salad dressing enriched by microencapsulated phenolic extracts from cold-pressed grape and pomegranate seed oil by-products evaluated using OXITEST. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.57220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Sema AKSOY
- Yildiz Technical University Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Turkey
| | | | - Salih KARASU
- Yildiz Technical University Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Turkey
| | - Ayse Semra AKSOY
- Yildiz Technical University Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Turkey
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Therapeutic Effects of Punica granatum (Pomegranate): An Updated Review of Clinical Trials. J Nutr Metab 2021; 2021:5297162. [PMID: 34796029 PMCID: PMC8595036 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5297162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Punica granatum L. belongs to the Punicaceae family which is distributed around the world. Different parts of pomegranate like seed, peel, juice, and leaves are rich in potential bioactive compounds. These plants have found application in traditional medicine such as in treatment of gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and endocrine diseases, among others. The present review aimed to summarize the current research on the traditional and scientific applications of P. granatum with regard to the phytochemical content and clinical applications that may be useful for future drug development. Information about P. granatum was obtained from local classic herbal literature and electronic databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. Several phytochemical constituents including polyphenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanosides, alkaloids, lignans, and triterpenes have been reported from the plant. Randomized clinical trials have provided evidence as to the pharmacological activities of pomegranate in several diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, oral cavity disorders, endocrine disorders, and cancer. The present review has provided an insight into the traditional applications of the plants, and some of them have been validated by scientific evidence, particularly their applications as treatment of cardiovascular and endocrine diseases.
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A comprehensive review on phytochemistry, bioactivity and medicinal value of bioactive compounds of pomegranate (Punica granatum). ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-021-00566-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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10
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Nazoori F, ZamaniBahramabadi E, Mirdehghan SH, Rafie A. Extending the shelf life of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) by GABA coating application. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Delgado NTB, Rouver WN, Dos Santos RL. Protective Effects of Pomegranate in Endothelial Dysfunction. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:3684-3699. [PMID: 32250215 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200406152147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Punica granatum L. is an infructescence native of occidental Asia and Mediterranean Europe, popularly referred to as pomegranate. It has been used in ethnomedicine for several applications, including the treatment of obesity, inflammation, diabetes, and the regulation of blood lipid parameters. Thus, pomegranate has been linked to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases that have endothelial dysfunction as a common factor acting mainly against oxidative stress due to its high polyphenol content. Its biocomponents have antihypertensive, antiatherogenic, antihyperglycemic, and anti-inflammatory properties, which promote cardiovascular protection through the improvement of endothelial function. METHODS Different electronic databases were searched in a non-systematic way to uncover the literature of interest. CONCLUSION This review article presents updated information on the role of pomegranate in the context of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. We have shown that pomegranate, or rather its components (e.g., tannins, flavonoids, phytoestrogens, anthocyanins, alkaloids, etc.), have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, improving parameters such as oxidative stress and the enzymatic antioxidant system, reducing reactive oxygen species formation and acting in an anti-inflammatory way. Thus, this review may contribute to a better understanding of pomegranate's beneficial actions on endothelial function and possibly to the development of strategies associated with conventional treatments of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie T B Delgado
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Wender N Rouver
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Roger L Dos Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
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12
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Chaliha M, Sultanbawa Y. Terminalia ferdinandiana, a traditional medicinal plant of Australia, alleviates hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress and inflammation, in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 17:/j/jcim.ahead-of-print/jcim-2019-0008/jcim-2019-0008.xml. [DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2019-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundOxidative stress and inflammation are the underlying factors in many chronic debilitating diseases and commonly intertwined. Terminalia ferdinandiana is a traditional medicinal plant, endemic to Australia and is a rich source of many bioactive phytochemicals such as ellagic acid (EA) with known antioxidant capacity.MethodsWe investigated the in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of an aqueous food grade EA enriched (EAE) extract of T. ferdinandiana. Caco-2 and KERTr cell lines were treated with EAE or pure EA (used as reference control), followed by the exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and gene expression of molecular markers associated with oxidative stress and inflammation were monitored.ResultsSignificant reduction in ROS production was observed in both cell types treated with 100 or 200 µg/mL EA or EAE. Treatment of cells with EAE or EA showed upregulation of mRNA expression of the antioxidative gene superoxide dismutase (SOD)-2 and downregulated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), soluble cell adhesion molecule (sICAM), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Neither EAE nor EA had any effect on the constitutively expressed COX1.ConclusionsThe antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of T. ferdinandiana extract on mammalian cells exposed to H2O2 suggests the potential of using this traditional medicinal plant in preventing oxidative damage and inflammation related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridusmita Chaliha
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Block 10, Level 1, 39 Kessels Rd, Coopers Plains Qld 4108, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yasmina Sultanbawa
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Block 10, Level 1, 39 Kessels Rd, Coopers Plains Qld 4108, Queensland, Australia
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Ombra MN, Paliogiannis P, Stucci LS, Colombino M, Casula M, Sini MC, Manca A, Palomba G, Stanganelli I, Mandalà M, Gandini S, Lissia A, Doneddu V, Cossu A, Palmieri G. Dietary compounds and cutaneous malignant melanoma: recent advances from a biological perspective. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:33. [PMID: 31139235 PMCID: PMC6528337 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0365-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous malignant melanoma is a heterogeneous disease, being the consequence of specific genetic alterations along several molecular pathways. Despite the increased knowledge about the biology and pathogenesis of melanoma, the incidence has grown markedly worldwide, making it extremely important to develop preventive measures. The beneficial role of correct nutrition and of some natural dietary compounds in preventing malignant melanoma has been widely demonstrated. This led to numerous studies investigating the role of several dietary attitudes, patterns, and supplements in the prevention of melanoma, and ongoing research investigates their impact in the clinical management and outcomes of patients diagnosed with the disease. This article is an overview of recent scientific advances regarding specific dietary compounds and their impact on melanoma development and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Neve Ombra
- 1Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Panagiotis Paliogiannis
- 2Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Luigia Stefania Stucci
- 3Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Colombino
- 4Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Sassari, Italy
| | - Milena Casula
- 4Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Sini
- 4Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonella Manca
- 4Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Sassari, Italy
| | - Grazia Palomba
- 4Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ignazio Stanganelli
- 5Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per Studio e Cura Tumori (IRST-IRCCS), Meldola, Italy
| | - Mario Mandalà
- 6Medical Oncology, "Papa Giovanni XXIII" Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Sara Gandini
- 7Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Amelia Lissia
- 2Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Valentina Doneddu
- 2Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Cossu
- 2Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palmieri
- 4Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Sassari, Italy
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Nouri H, Shojaeian K, Jalilvand G, Kohram H. Effect of feeding pomegranate seed oil as a source of conjugated linolenic acid on Arabian stallion semen quality in cooled and postthawed condition. Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 53:1075-1084. [PMID: 29888423 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to assess the influence of pomegranate seed oil supplementation on the quality of fresh, cooled and frozen-thawed Arabian breed stallion semen. Eight stallions (n = 4 per group) received their normal diet (control group) or normal diet top dressed with 200 ml of pomegranate seed oil (PSO group). Semen was collected every fifteen days for 90 days. Stallions were reversed across the treatments after a sixty-day interval. In cooled and stored condition (2, 12 and 24 hr), spermatozoa motion characteristics, membrane integrity, viability, morphology and lipid peroxidation were analysed. In frozen-thawed semen, sperm dynamic characteristics were analysed by CASA, acrosome status and mitochondrial activity (evaluated by Flow cytometry) determined. The effects of treatment, time, semen type and their interactions were submitted to PROCMIX (SAS® ), and means compared by the Tukey test. Also, collected semen samples were artificially inseminated to evaluate fertility and pregnancy rate after day 60 of the experiment. The results from fresh condition showed that semen volume, sperm concentration, abnormality and live sperm were not affected by dietary treatment (p > 0.05). In cooled condition, the higher value for sperm plasma membrane integrity and viability was observed in PSO group compared to control after 24 hr cooled and stored in 5°C. In postthawed condition, the higher value for CASA total motility and acrosome status was observed in PSO group compared to control group (p < 0.05). One hundred and twenty-six mares were artificially inseminated for fertility trial using control and PSO groups' fresh semen. The average pregnancy rates were not significantly different between control and treated group (62.88% and 65.90%, respectively) (p > 0.05). We concluded that under the conditions of this study, dietary supplementation of 200 ml pomegranate seed oil seems to relatively improved Arabian horse sperm quality during storage in cooled and frozen condition via increasing plasma membrane integrity, viability and acrosome status, but did not improve the pregnancy rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houshang Nouri
- Department of Animal Science, college of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Kamal Shojaeian
- Department of Animal Science, college of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Ghasem Jalilvand
- Department of Animal Science, college of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Hamid Kohram
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
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Wang D, Özen C, Abu-Reidah IM, Chigurupati S, Patra JK, Horbanczuk JO, Jóźwik A, Tzvetkov NT, Uhrin P, Atanasov AG. Vasculoprotective Effects of Pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.). Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:544. [PMID: 29881352 PMCID: PMC5977444 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), one of the oldest known edible fruits, is nowadays broadly consumed throughout the world. Its fruits and seeds as well as other anatomical compartments (e.g., flowers and leaves) are rich in numerous bioactive compounds and therefore, the scientific interest in this plant has been constantly growing in recent years. It has been shown that pomegranate and its extracts exhibit potent antioxidative, antimicrobial, and anticarcinogenic properties. The present review summarizes some recent studies on pomegranate, highlighting mainly its vasculoprotective role attributed to the presence of hydrolyzable tannins ellagitannins and ellagic acid, as well as other compounds (e.g., anthocyanins and flavonoids). These in vitro and in vivo studies showed that substances derived from pomegranate reduce oxidative stress and platelet aggregation, diminish lipid uptake by macrophages, positively influence endothelial cell function, and are involved in blood pressure regulation. Clinical studies demonstrated that daily intake of pomegranate juice lessens hypertension and attenuates atherosclerosis in humans. Altogether, the reviewed studies point out the potential benefits of a broader use of pomegranate and its constituents as dietary supplements or as adjuvants in therapy of vascular diseases, such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, and peripheral artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cigdem Özen
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Health Campus Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim M Abu-Reidah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Jarosław O Horbanczuk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Artur Jóźwik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Nikolay T Tzvetkov
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Molecular Design and Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Pavel Uhrin
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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16
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Acar Ü, Parrino V, Kesbiç OS, Lo Paro G, Saoca C, Abbate F, Yılmaz S, Fazio F. Effects of Different Levels of Pomegranate Seed Oil on Some Blood Parameters and Disease Resistance Against Yersinia ruckeri in Rainbow Trout. Front Physiol 2018; 9:596. [PMID: 29875694 PMCID: PMC5974043 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is aimed to assess the effects of pomegranate seed oil (PSO) supplementation on growth performance, some hematological, biochemical and immunological parameters, and disease resistance against Yersinia ruckeri in cultured rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792). 240 fish in total were randomly assigned into four triplicate groups (20 fish/per aquarium) corresponding to four dietary treatments: control (PSO0; no addition of PSO), 0.5% (PSO5), 1.00% (PSO10), and 2.00% (PSO20) of PSO, respectively. After the 60 day-feeding trial, fish blood samples were collected and compared. Statistical analysis (one-way ANOVA) showed a significant (P < 0.05) effect of PSO on red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase parameters in PSO5 and PSO10 with regard to control. Moreover, a pronounced (P < 0.05) increased in weight gain, growth and feed conversion was found in fish fed with PSO supplemented diets. After the feeding trial, fish were challenged with Y. ruckeri and survival recorded for 20 days. Cumulative survival was 45.10% in fish fed with the control diet, whereas in fish fed with PSO5, PSO10, and PSO20 supplemented diets, survival was 58.82, 56.86, and 56.86%, respectively. In conclusion, dietary administration of PSO induced a reduction in mortality of rainbow trout infected with Y. ruckeri, intercalary significant differences occurred on growth performance and some blood values among treated groups. These positive effects of PSO could be considered for new applications in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ümit Acar
- Bayramic Vocational School, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Vincenzo Parrino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Lo Paro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Concetta Saoca
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Abbate
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sevdan Yılmaz
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Francesco Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Wu S, Tian L. Diverse Phytochemicals and Bioactivities in the Ancient Fruit and Modern Functional Food Pomegranate (Punica granatum). Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101606. [PMID: 28946708 PMCID: PMC6151597 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Having served as a symbolic fruit since ancient times, pomegranate (Punica granatum) has also gained considerable recognition as a functional food in the modern era. A large body of literature has linked pomegranate polyphenols, particularly anthocyanins (ATs) and hydrolyzable tannins (HTs), to the health-promoting activities of pomegranate juice and fruit extracts. However, it remains unclear as to how, and to what extent, the numerous phytochemicals in pomegranate may interact and exert cooperative activities in humans. In this review, we examine the structural and analytical information of the diverse phytochemicals that have been identified in different pomegranate tissues, to establish a knowledge base for characterization of metabolite profiles, discovery of novel phytochemicals, and investigation of phytochemical interactions in pomegranate. We also assess recent findings on the function and molecular mechanism of ATs as well as urolithins, the intestinal microbial derivatives of pomegranate HTs, on human nutrition and health. A better understanding of the structural diversity of pomegranate phytochemicals as well as their bioconversions and bioactivities in humans will facilitate the interrogation of their synergistic/antagonistic interactions and accelerate their applications in dietary-based cancer chemoprevention and treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China.
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China.
| | - Li Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China.
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China.
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Zhao H, Bai H, Jing Y, Li W, Yin S, Zhou H. A pair of taxifolin-3-O-arabinofuranoside isomers from Juglans regia L. Nat Prod Res 2016; 31:945-950. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1258554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huanxin Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Hong Bai
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wu han, China
| | - Yuanchao Jing
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi, Japan
| | - Shujun Yin
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Honglei Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Emami A, Fathi Nasri M, Ganjkhanlou M, Rashidi L, Zali A. Effect of pomegranate seed oil as a source of conjugated linolenic acid on performance and milk fatty acid profile of dairy goats. Livest Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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21
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Plant-Derived Agents for Counteracting Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:4320374. [PMID: 27774117 PMCID: PMC5059613 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4320374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin (CSP) is a chemotherapeutic agent commonly used to treat a variety of malignancies. The major setback with CSP treatment is that its clinical efficacy is compromised by its induction of organ toxicity, particular to the kidneys and ears. Despite the significant strides that have been made in understanding the mechanisms underlying CSP-induced renal toxicity, advances in developing renoprotective strategies are still lacking. In addition, the renoprotective approaches described in the literature reveal partial amelioration of CSP-induced renal toxicity, stressing the need to develop potent combinatorial/synergistic agents for the mitigation of renal toxicity. However, the ideal renoprotective adjuvant should not interfere with the anticancer efficacy of CSP. In this review, we have discussed the progress made in utilizing plant-derived agents (phytochemicals) to combat CSP-induced nephrotoxicity in preclinical studies. Furthermore, we have also presented strategies to utilize phytochemicals as prototypes for the development of novel renoprotective agents for counteracting chemotherapy-induced renal damage.
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Kang SJ, Choi BR, Lee EK, Kim SH, Yi HY, Park HR, Song CH, Lee YJ, Ku SK. Inhibitory Effect of Dried Pomegranate Concentration Powder on Melanogenesis in B16F10 Melanoma Cells; Involvement of p38 and PKA Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:24219-42. [PMID: 26473849 PMCID: PMC4632747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161024219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants rich in antioxidant substances may be useful for preventing skin aging. Pomegranates, containing flavonoids and other polyphenolic compounds, are widely consumed due to their beneficial properties. We examined the underlying mechanisms of dried pomegranate concentrate powder (PCP) on melanin synthesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. The antioxidant effects of PCP were determined by measuring free radical scavenging capacity and transcript levels of antioxidant enzymes. To explore the inhibitory effects of PCP on melanin synthesis, we measured tyrosinase activity and melanin content in α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-stimulated B16F10 cells. In addition, the levels of tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), TRP-2, tyrosinase, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) expression were determined by Western blotting. Changes in the phosphorylation status of protein kinase A (PKA), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), serine/threonine kinase Akt, and glycogen kinase 3β (GSK3β) were also examined. The free radical scavenging activity of PCP increased in a dose-dependent manner. In PCP-treated B16F10 cells, transcript levels of glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) were increased compared with α-MSH-stimulated cells. In addition, PCP led to the down-regulation of phospho-p38, phospho-PKA, phospho-CREB, phospho-GSK3β, MITF, and TRP-1 compared with α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 cells. We believe this effect may be associated with PCP activity, which leads to the inhibition of melanin production and tyrosinase activity. These results suggest that PCP decreases tyrosinase activity and melanin production via inactivation of the p38 and PKA signaling pathways, and subsequently decreases phosphorylation of CREB, MITF, and melanogenic enzymes. These observations provided new insights on the molecular mechanisms of the skin-whitening property of PCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Kang
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Korea.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Deagu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Korea.
| | - Beom Rak Choi
- Research Institute, Health-Love Co., Ltd., Anyang 431-060, Korea.
| | - Eun Kyoung Lee
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Korea.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Deagu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Korea.
| | - Seung Hee Kim
- Research Institute, Health-Love Co., Ltd., Anyang 431-060, Korea.
| | - Hae Yeon Yi
- Research Institute, Health-Love Co., Ltd., Anyang 431-060, Korea.
| | - Hye Rim Park
- Research Institute, Health-Love Co., Ltd., Anyang 431-060, Korea.
| | - Chang Hyun Song
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Korea.
- Department of Histology and Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Korea.
| | - Young Joon Lee
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Korea.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Deagu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Korea.
| | - Sae Kwang Ku
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Korea.
- Department of Histology and Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Korea.
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Boroushaki MT, Rajabian A, Farzadnia M, Hoseini A, Poorlashkari M, Taghavi A, Dolati K, Bazmandegan G. Protective effect of pomegranate seed oil against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rat. Ren Fail 2015; 37:1338-43. [PMID: 26288026 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2015.1073496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinical use of cisplatin is limited by its nephrotoxicity. Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity is associated with an increase in oxidative stress, leading ultimately to kidney dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pomegranate seed oil against nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin in adult rats. METHODS Animals were divided into four groups. Group I received corn oil (1 mL/kg). Group II received cisplatin (8 mg/kg). Group III and IV received pomegranate seed oil (PSO) 0.4 mL/kg and 0.8 mL/kg one hour before cisplatin injection for 3 days, respectively. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture and used for measuring urea and creatinine concentration. Twenty-hour urine samples were collected to measure protein and glucose concentration. The right kidney fixed in formalin for histological examination and the left kidney was homogenized for measurement of malondialdehyde and total sulfhydryl groups. RESULTS A significant elevation of serum creatinine, urea, urinary glucose, protein concentrations, and non-significant decrease in total thiol content and increase in MDA level in kidney homogenates were observed in cisplatin-treated rats. Also cisplatin reduced animal's body weight. Mild-to-moderate tubular cell necrosis, hyaline casts, and vascular congestion were observed in group II. PSO pre-treatment significantly decreased urinary protein, glucose, and serum creatinine concentration. PSO also caused a decrease in serum urea, renal MDA, and increase in thiol content, but the level of these parameters were not significant. CONCLUSION The present results suggest that PSO is an effective agent for the prevention of cisplatin-induced renal dysfunction and oxidative damage in rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Taher Boroushaki
- a Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran .,b Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Arezoo Rajabian
- b Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Mehdi Farzadnia
- c Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Azar Hoseini
- a Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Mojdeh Poorlashkari
- d Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine , Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences , Rafsanjan , Iran , and
| | - Amin Taghavi
- e Faculty of Medicine , Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences , Rafsanjan , Iran
| | - Karim Dolati
- b Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Gholamreza Bazmandegan
- b Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
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Acetylenes and fatty acids from Codonopsis pilosula. Acta Pharm Sin B 2015; 5:215-22. [PMID: 26579449 PMCID: PMC4629234 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Four new acetylenes (1–4) and one new unsaturated ω-hydroxy fatty acid (5), together with 5 known analogues, were isolated from an aqueous extract of Codonopsis pilosula roots. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods. The new acetylenes are categorized as an unusual cyclotetradecatrienynone (1), tetradecenynetriol (2), and rare octenynoic acids (3 and 4), respectively, and 3 and 4 are possibly derived from oxidative metabolic degradation of 1 and/or 2. The absolute configuration of 1 was assigned by comparison of the experimental circular dichroism (CD) spectrum with the calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra of stereoisomers based on the quantum-mechanical time-dependent density functional theory, while the configuration of 2 was assigned by using modified Mosher׳s method based on the MPA determination rule of ΔδRS values for diols.
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Muhacir-Güzel N, Türkyılmaz M, Yemiş O, Tağı Ş, Özkan M. Changes in hydrolysable and condensed tannins of pomegranate (Punica granatum L., cv. Hicaznar) juices from sacs and whole fruits during production and their relation with antioxidant activity. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kilic I, Yeşiloğlu Y, Bayrak Y. Spectroscopic studies on the antioxidant activity of ellagic acid. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 130:447-452. [PMID: 24813273 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA, C14H6O8) is a natural dietary polyphenol whose benefits in a variety of diseases shown in epidemiological and experimental studies involve anti-inflammation, anti-proliferation, anti-angiogenesis, anticarcinogenesis and anti-oxidation properties. In vitro radical scavenging and antioxidant capacity of EA were clarified using different analytical methodologies such as total antioxidant activity determination by ferric thiocyanate, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical (DPPH) scavenging, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity and superoxide anion radical scavenging, ferrous ions (Fe2+) chelating activity and ferric ions (Fe3+) reducing ability. EA inhibited 71.2% lipid peroxidation of a linoleic acid emulsion at 45 μg/mL concentration. On the other hand, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid displayed 69.8%, 66.8%, 64.5% and 59.7% inhibition on the peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion at the same concentration, respectively. In addition, EA had an effective DPPH• scavenging, ABTS+ scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, ferric ions (Fe3+) reducing power and ferrous ions (Fe2+) chelating activities. Also, those various antioxidant activities were compared to BHA, BHT, α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid as references antioxidant compounds. These results suggested that EA can be used in the pharmacological, food industry and medicine because of these properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Kilic
- Trakya University, Faculty of Education, Edirne, Turkey.
| | - Yeşim Yeşiloğlu
- Trakya University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Yüksel Bayrak
- Trakya University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Edirne, Turkey
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Boroushaki MT, Mollazadeh H, Rajabian A, Dolati K, Hoseini A, Paseban M, Farzadnia M. Protective effect of pomegranate seed oil against mercuric chloride-induced nephrotoxicity in rat. Ren Fail 2014; 36:1581-6. [PMID: 25154291 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2014.949770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Heavy metals such as mercury can induce the generation of free radicals and oxidative stress which are associated with tissue injury. The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of pomegranate seed oil against HgCl2-induced nephrotoxicity. METHODS Twenty-four W/A adult rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group I received corn oil (1 mL/kg). Group II received HgCl2 (5 mg/kg) for 3 days. Group III and IV received PSO 0.4 mL/kg and 0.8 mL/kg, respectively one hour before HgCl2 administration for 3 days. Blood samples were taken by cardiac puncture and used for the measurement of urea and creatinine concentration. Twenty-hour-hour urine samples were collected to measure protein and glucose. The right kidney was fixed in formalin for histological examination and the left kidney was homogenized for measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) and total sulfhydryl groups. RESULTS Significant elevation of serum creatinine and urea levels as well as urine glucose and protein concentrations, a significant decrease in total thiol content and a significant increase in MDA levels in kidney homogenate samples were observed after administration of HgCl2 as compared with control group. PSO pretreatment resulted in a significant decrease in serum creatinine and urea levels as well as urine glucose and protein concentrations when compared with HgCl2 treated (group II). PSO also significantly reversed the HgCl2-induced depletion in thiol content and elevation in MDA content. Histological studies revealed milder kidney lesions in PSO treated groups (groups III and IV) compared to HgCl2 treated group. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that PSO has a protective effect against HgCl2-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Taher Boroushaki
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, I. R. Iran
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Sreekumar S, Sithul H, Muraleedharan P, Azeez JM, Sreeharshan S. Pomegranate fruit as a rich source of biologically active compounds. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:686921. [PMID: 24818149 PMCID: PMC4000966 DOI: 10.1155/2014/686921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pomegranate is a widely used plant having medicinal properties. In this review, we have mainly focused on the already published data from our laboratory pertaining to the effect of methanol extract of pericarp of pomegranate (PME) and have compared it with other relevant literatures on Punica. Earlier, we had shown its antiproliferative effect using human breast (MCF-7, MDA MB-231), and endometrial (HEC-1A), cervical (SiHa, HeLa), and ovarian (SKOV3) cancer cell lines, and normal breast fibroblasts (MCF-10A) at concentration of 20-320 μg/mL. The expressions of selected estrogen responsive genes (PR, pS2, and C-Myc) were downregulated by PME. Unlike estradiol, PME did not increase the uterine weight and proliferation in bilaterally ovariectomized Swiss-Albino mice models and its cardioprotective effects were comparable to that of 17 β -estradiol. We had further assessed the protective role of PME on skeletal system, using MC3T3-E1 cells. The results indicated that PME (80 μg/mL) significantly increased ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase) activity, supporting its suggested role in modulating osteoblastic cell differentiation. The antiosteoporotic potential of PME was also evaluated in ovariectomized (OVX) rodent model. The results from our studies and from various other studies support the fact that pomegranate fruit is indeed a source of biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreeja Sreekumar
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud P.O, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 014, India
| | - Hima Sithul
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud P.O, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 014, India
| | - Parvathy Muraleedharan
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud P.O, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 014, India
| | - Juberiya Mohammed Azeez
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud P.O, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 014, India
| | - Sreeja Sreeharshan
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud P.O, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 014, India
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El-Shitany NA, El-Bastawissy EA, El-desoky K. Ellagic acid protects against carrageenan-induced acute inflammation through inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B, inducible cyclooxygenase and proinflammatory cytokines and enhancement of interleukin-10 via an antioxidant mechanism. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 19:290-9. [PMID: 24534771 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There are several hypotheses that explain the process of acute inflammation, including free radical overproduction, pro-inflammatory enzyme activation, and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this study, the protective role of ellagic acid against carrageenan-induced acute inflammation was assessed. In addition, the immunomodulatory action, the antioxidant effects, and the role of COX-2 and NF-κB were also investigated. Inflammation was induced by the injection of 100 μl of 1.5% carrageenan solution. Ellagic acid (10, 25, 50, 100 and 200mg/kg), indomethacin (10 mg/kg), meloxicam (4 mg/kg), and saline, were injected 2h before carrageenan injection. The percentage inhibition in the paw weight was calculated. Paws, MDA, NO, GSH, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10 and NF-κB mRNA expression were estimated. Formalin fixed hind paws were used for histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining for COX-2 expression. Ellagic acid, meloxicam and indomethacin reduced paws, edema, MDA and NO formation. In addition, all of them restored the depleted GSH contents in the paws. Ellagic acid, meloxicam and indomethacin reduced NF-κB mRNA expression. Ellagic acid ameliorated COX-2 expression; meloxicam inhibited while indomethacin failed. Both ellagic acid and meloxicam increased IL-10 while indomethacin did not. The docking study revealed a high affinity of ellagic acid towards COX-2. Ellagic acid exhibited a potent anti-inflammatory effect against carrageenan-induced inflammation. The mechanisms of ellagic acid induced protection were proved to be due to reduction of NO, MDA, IL-1β, TNF-α, COX-2 and NF-κB expression and induction of GSH and IL-10 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagla A El-Shitany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Eman A El-Bastawissy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Karema El-desoky
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Ishlak A, AbuGhazaleh A, Günal M. Short communication: Effect of blackberry and pomegranate oils on vaccenic acid formation in a single-flow continuous culture fermentation system. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:1067-71. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-6860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Maghoumi M, Gómez P, Mostofi Y, Zamani Z, Artés-Hernández F, Artés F. Combined effect of heat treatment, UV-C and superatmospheric oxygen packing on phenolics and browning related enzymes of fresh-cut pomegranate arils. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Middha SK, Usha T, Pande V. A Review on Antihyperglycemic and Antihepatoprotective Activity of Eco-Friendly Punica granatum Peel Waste. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:656172. [PMID: 23878603 PMCID: PMC3708418 DOI: 10.1155/2013/656172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, pomegranate (Punica granatum) is entitled as a wonder fruit because of its voluminous pharmacological properties. In 1830, P. granatum fruit was first recognized in United States Pharmacopeia; the Philadelphia edition introduced the rind of the fruit, the New York edition the bark of the root and further 1890 edition the stem bark was introduced. There are significant efforts and progress made in establishing the pharmacological mechanisms of peel (pericarp or rind) and the individual constituents responsible for them. This review provides an insight on the phytochemical components that contribute too antihyperglycemic, hepatoprotective, antihyperlipidemic effect, and numerous other effects of wonderful, economic, and eco-friendly pomegranate peel extract (PP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar Middha
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhimtal Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263136, India
| | - Talambedu Usha
- Department of Biotechnology & Biochemistry, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Veena Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhimtal Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263136, India
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Türkyılmaz M, Tağı Ş, Dereli U, Özkan M. Effects of various pressing programs and yields on the antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, phenolic content and colour of pomegranate juices. Food Chem 2013; 138:1810-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Revised: 11/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Punica granatum. EDIBLE MEDICINAL AND NON-MEDICINAL PLANTS 2013. [PMCID: PMC7122081 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5653-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Jasuja ND, Saxena R, Chandra S, Sharma R. Pharmacological Characterization and Beneficial Uses of Punica granatum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/ajps.2012.251.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Yang H, Li M, Qi X, Lv C, Deng J, Zhao G. Identification of seven water-soluble non-storage proteins from pomegranate (Punica granatum Linn.) seeds. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2012; 18:329-38. [DOI: 10.1177/1082013211428008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As pomegranate ( Punica granatum Linn.) processing is fast growing, the usage of pomegranate processing wastes containing seeds has been receiving great attention. The protein component accounts for 100–130 g/kg of the seeds in weight. However, so far, there is no information on the composition and function of the pomegranate seed proteins. In this study, a global view of water-soluble non-storage proteins isolated from mature pomegranate seeds were studied using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis coupled with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. With the two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis approach, over 120 protein spots were resolved, of which 7 abundant protein spots showing low molecular mass were identified. These identified proteins may be linked to seed development and metabolism, but more importantly, the occurrence of these proteins provides the possibility of conversion the pomegranate processing wastes into useful products or raw material for food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Yang
- CAU & ACC Joint-Laboratory of Space Food, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Meiliang Li
- CAU & ACC Joint-Laboratory of Space Food, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xin Qi
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Chenyan Lv
- CAU & ACC Joint-Laboratory of Space Food, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, Chinese Astronaut Research and Training Center, China
| | - Jianjun Deng
- CAU & ACC Joint-Laboratory of Space Food, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guanghua Zhao
- CAU & ACC Joint-Laboratory of Space Food, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
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Barnaby SN, Fath KR, Tsiola A, Banerjee IA. Fabrication of ellagic acid incorporated self-assembled peptide microtubes and their applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 95:154-61. [PMID: 22455831 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA), a plant polyphenol known for its wide-range of health benefits was encapsulated within self-assembled threonine based peptide microtubes. The microtubes were assembled using the synthesized precursor bolaamphiphile bis(N-α-amido threonine)-1,5-pentane dicarboxylate. The self-assembly of the microstructures was probed at varying pH. In general, tubular formations were observed at a pH range of 4-6. The formed microtubes were then utilized for fabrication with EA. We probed the ability of the microtubes as drug release vehicles for EA as well as for antibacterial applications. It was found that the release of EA was both pH and concentration dependent. The biocompatibility as well as cytotoxicity of the EA-fabricated microtubes was examined in the presence of mammalian normal rat kidney (NRK) cells. Finally the antibacterial effects of the EA incorporated peptide microtubes was examined against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey N Barnaby
- Department of Chemistry, Fordham University, 441 East Fordham Road, Bronx, NY 10458, United States
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Greco-arab and islamic herbal-derived anticancer modalities: from tradition to molecular mechanisms. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2012:349040. [PMID: 22203868 PMCID: PMC3235667 DOI: 10.1155/2012/349040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of cancer is increasing in the developed countries and even more so in developing countries parallel to the increase in life expectancy. In recent years, clinicians and researchers advocate the need to include supportive and palliative care since the establishment of the diagnosis and throughout the duration of treatment, with the goal of improving patients' quality of life. This patient-centered approach in supportive care is also shared by various traditional and complementary medicine approaches. Traditional Arab-Islamic medicine offers a variety of therapeutic modalities that include herbal, nutritional, and spiritual approaches. Physicians and scholars, such as Avicenna (980–1037), Rhazes (965–915), Al Zahrawi (936–1013), and Ibn al Nafis (1218–1288) referred to cancer etiology in various medicinal texts and suggested both preventive and therapeutic remedies to alleviate suffering. This review presents research data related to the anticancer activities of herbs used in Arab-Islamic medicine and allude to their potential role in improving the quality of life of cancer patients.
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Zhang L, Yang X, Zhang Y, Wang L, Zhang R. In vitro antioxidant properties of different parts of pomegranate flowers. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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He L, Xu H, Liu X, He W, Yuan F, Hou Z, Gao Y. Identification of phenolic compounds from pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed residues and investigation into their antioxidant capacities by HPLC–ABTS+ assay. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cristofori V, Caruso D, Latini G, Dell’Agli M, Cammilli C, Rugini E, Bignami C, Muleo R. Fruit quality of Italian pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) autochthonous varieties. Eur Food Res Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-010-1390-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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42
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Aporphine alkaloids, clerodane diterpenes, and other constituents from Tinospora cordifolia. Fitoterapia 2010; 81:485-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2009] [Revised: 01/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bouroshaki MT, Sadeghnia HR, Banihasan M, Yavari S. Protective effect of pomegranate seed oil on hexachlorobutadiene-induced nephrotoxicity in rat kidneys. Ren Fail 2010; 32:612-7. [DOI: 10.3109/08860221003778056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Valadares MC, Pereira ERT, Benfica PL, Paula JR. Assessment of mutagenic and antimutagenic effects of Punica granatum in mice. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502010000100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the ability of Punica granatum ethanolic leaf extract (PGL) and Punica granatum ethanolic fruit extract (PGF) to induce mutagenicity or to modulate the genotoxic effects induced by the alkylating agent cyclophosphamide (CP) was evaluated. Swiss male mice were treated by gavage for 10 days with PGL or PGF (12.5, 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg/day) prior to exposure to CP (i.p. 200 mg/kg), 24 h after the end of the treatment. Initial observations revealed that normal mice treated with both extracts (12.5, 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg/day) showed a similar micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte (MNPCE) frequency to that of the control group. Investigation of the protective effect of PGL and PGF based on data analysis revealed that, irrespective of dose or extract, oral administration of PGL or PGF for 10 days prior to exposure had reduced, in a dose-dependent manner, the frequency of MNPCE induced by CP in all groups studied. Higher reductions were observed at PGF doses of 50 and 75 mg/kg. Taken together, these results demonstrate that mice treated with P. granatum showed an absence of mutagenic effects and dose-dependent protective effects against CP-induced oxidative DNA damage.
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46
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Afaq F, Zaid MA, Khan N, Dreher M, Mukhtar H. Protective effect of pomegranate-derived products on UVB-mediated damage in human reconstituted skin. Exp Dermatol 2009; 18:553-61. [PMID: 19320737 PMCID: PMC3004287 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2008.00829.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, particularly its UVB (290-320 nm) component, is the primary cause of many adverse biological effects including photoageing and skin cancer. UVB radiation causes DNA damage, protein oxidation and induces matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Photochemoprevention via the use of botanical antioxidants in affording protection to human skin against UVB damage is receiving increasing attention. Pomegranate, from the tree Punica granatum, contains anthocyanins and hydrolysable tannins and possesses strong antioxidant and anti-tumor-promoting properties. In this study, we determined the effect of pomegranate-derived products--POMx juice, POMx extract and pomegranate oil (POMo)--against UVB-mediated damage using reconstituted human skin (EpiDerm(TM) FT-200). EpiDerm was treated with POMx juice (1-2 microl/0.1 ml/well), POMx extract (5-10 microg/0.1 ml/well) and POMo (1-2 microl/0.1 ml/well) for 1 h prior to UVB (60 mJ/cm(2)) irradiation and was harvested 12 h post-UVB to assess protein oxidation, markers of DNA damage and photoageing by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Pretreatment of Epiderm with pomegranate-derived products resulted in inhibition of UVB-induced (i) cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD), (ii) 8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), (iii) protein oxidation and (iv) proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein expression. We also found that pretreatment of Epiderm with pomegranate-derived products resulted in inhibition of UVB-induced (i) collagenase (MMP-1), (ii) gelatinase (MMP-2, MMP-9), (iii) stromelysin (MMP-3), (iv) marilysin (MMP-7), (v) elastase (MMP-12) and (vi) tropoelastin. Gelatin zymography revealed that pomegranate-derived products inhibited UVB-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities. Pomegranate-derived products also caused a decrease in UVB-induced protein expression of c-Fos and phosphorylation of c-Jun. Collectively, these results suggest that all three pomegranate-derived products may be useful against UVB-induced damage to human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrukh Afaq
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison
| | | | - Naghma Khan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison
| | | | - Hasan Mukhtar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison
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Lan J, Lei F, Hua L, Wang Y, Xing D, Du L. Transport behavior of ellagic acid of pomegranate leaf tannins and its correlation with total cholesterol alteration in HepG2 cells. Biomed Chromatogr 2009; 23:531-6. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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49
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Celik I, Temur A, Isik I. Hepatoprotective role and antioxidant capacity of pomegranate (Punica granatum) flowers infusion against trichloroacetic acid-exposed in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:145-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Revised: 10/20/2008] [Accepted: 10/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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50
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Yüce A, Ateşşahin A, Çeribaşı AO. Amelioration of Cyclosporine A-Induced Renal, Hepatic and Cardiac Damages by Ellagic Acid in Rats*. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2008; 103:186-91. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2008.00284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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