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Shi P, Chen J, Ge W, Liu Z, Han N, Yin J. Antichilblain Components in Eggplant Based on Network Pharmacology and Biological Evaluation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37467304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Eggplant, the fruit of Solanum melongena L. (Solanaceae), is applied externally to relieve the symptoms of chilblains in the folk in East Asia. However, the mechanisms and biological ingredients are not clear. A network pharmacology approach was used to shed light on the mechanisms of eggplant against chilblains, which illustrated that anti-inflammation and antioxidation are mainly involved in the curative effects. Bioassay-guided assays led to the isolation of 44 ingredients (1-44), including two new natural compounds (1-2) and 42 known compounds. Thirteen compounds (3-15) were first reported from the Solanum genus. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of all isolates were evaluated, and the results showed that 11 compounds have anti-inflammatory activity and 27 have antioxidant activity. Fatty acids, flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic acids, saponins, and lignans from eggplant have certain anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. These results provide a scientific basis for eggplant to treat chilblains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Shi
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Weiying Ge
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Na Han
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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Xiang ML, Hu BY, Qi ZH, Wang XN, Xie TZ, Wang ZJ, Ma DY, Zeng Q, Luo XD. Chemistry and bioactivities of natural steroidal alkaloids. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2022; 12:23. [PMID: 35701630 PMCID: PMC9198197 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-022-00345-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal alkaloids possess the basic steroidal skeleton with a nitrogen atom in rings or side chains incorporated as an integral part of the molecule. They have demonstrated a wide range of biological activities, and some of them have even been developed as therapeutic drugs, such as abiraterone acetate (Zytiga®), a blockbuster drug, which has been used for the treatment of prostate cancer. Structurally diverse natural steroidal alkaloids present a wide spectrum of biological activities, which are attractive for natural product chemistry and medicinal chemistry communities. This review comprehensively covers the structural classification, isolation and various biological activities of 697 natural steroidal alkaloids discovered from 1926 to October 2021, with 363 references being cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin-Yuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Heng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Zhen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Yu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
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Zhao DK, Zhao Y, Chen SY, Kennelly EJ. Solanum steroidal glycoalkaloids: structural diversity, biological activities, and biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:1423-1444. [DOI: 10.1039/d1np00001b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemical structures of typical Solanum steroidal glycoalkaloids from eggplant, tomato, and potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Ke Zhao
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, School of Ecology and Environment, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, 10468, USA
- PhD Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Sui-Yun Chen
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, School of Ecology and Environment, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, P. R. China
| | - Edward J. Kennelly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, 10468, USA
- PhD Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, 10016, USA
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4
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Ghisalberti EL. Steroidal Glycoalkaloids: Isolation, Structure, Analysis, and Biosynthesis. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0600101007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the steroidal glycoalkaloids have emerged as an important class of bioactive compounds. Their occurrence in a number of foods and their diverse biological activities has encouraged the development of more efficient procedures for their isolation, purification and analysis, and more sensitive methods of detection and structure determination. This review is mainly concerned with new approaches for the characterization of these metabolites. The formation of artifacts of isolation and purification is discussed. The limited information on their biosynthesis is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio L. Ghisalberti
- Chemistry, School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
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Cardenolide and Steroid Glycosides from Alafia sp., an Antimalarial Plant from Madagascar. Chem Nat Compd 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-016-1797-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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El-Hawary S, Mohammed R, AbouZid S, Bakeer W, Ebel R, Sayed A, Rateb M. Solamargine production by a fungal endophyte of Solanum nigrum. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:900-11. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S.S. El-Hawary
- Pharmacognosy Department; Faculty of Pharmacy; Cairo University; Cairo Egypt
| | - R. Mohammed
- Pharmacognosy Department; Faculty of Pharmacy; Beni-Suef University; Beni-Suef Egypt
| | - S.F. AbouZid
- Pharmacognosy Department; Faculty of Pharmacy; Beni-Suef University; Beni-Suef Egypt
| | - W. Bakeer
- Microbiology Department; Faculty of Pharmacy; Beni-Suef University; Beni-Suef Egypt
| | - R. Ebel
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen UK
| | - A.M. Sayed
- Pharmacognosy Department; Faculty of Pharmacy; Beni-Suef University; Beni-Suef Egypt
- Pharmacognosy Department; Faculty of Pharmacy; Nahda University; Beni-Suef Egypt
| | - M.E. Rateb
- Pharmacognosy Department; Faculty of Pharmacy; Beni-Suef University; Beni-Suef Egypt
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen UK
- School of Science & Sport; University of the West of Scotland; Paisley UK
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Patel K, Singh RB, Patel DK. Medicinal significance, pharmacological activities, and analytical aspects of solasodine: A concise report of current scientific literature. JOURNAL OF ACUTE DISEASE 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-6189(13)60106-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Kou Y, Koag MC, Cheun Y, Shin A, Lee S. Application of hypoiodite-mediated aminyl radical cyclization to synthesis of solasodine acetate. Steroids 2012; 77:1069-74. [PMID: 22583912 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Solasodine acetate, an anticancer steroidal alkaloid, was synthesized from diosgenin in 8 steps with an overall yield of 23%. A key synthetic step involves the formation of 5/6-oxazaspiroketal moiety via hypoiodite-mediated aminyl radical cyclization of a steroidal primary amine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Kou
- The Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
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9
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Pettit GR, Mendonça RF, Knight JC, Pettit RK. The cephalostatins. 21. Synthesis of bis-steroidal pyrazine rhamnosides (1). JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:1922-30. [PMID: 21899266 PMCID: PMC3251514 DOI: 10.1021/np200411p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of bis-steroidal pyrazines derived from 3-oxo-11,21-dihydroxypregna-4,17(20)-diene (4) and glycosylation of a D-ring side chain with α-L-rhamnose have been summarized. Rearrangement of steroidal pyrazine 10 to 14 was found to occur with boron triflouride etherate. Glycosylation of pyrazine 10 using 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnose iodide led to 1,2-orthoester-α-L-rhamnose pyrazine 17b. By use of a persilylated α-L-rhamnose iodide as donor, formation of the orthoester was avoided. Bis-steroidal pyrazine 10 and rhamnosides 17b and 21c were found to significantly inhibit cancer cell growth in a murine and human cancer cell line panel. Pyrazine 9 inhibited growth of the nosocomial pathogen Enterococcus faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R. Pettit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, PO Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604
| | - Ricardo F. Mendonça
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, PO Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604
| | - John C. Knight
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, PO Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604
| | - Robin K. Pettit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, PO Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604
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10
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Lu Y, Luo J, Kong L. Steroidal alkaloid saponins and steroidal saponins from Solanum surattense. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2011; 72:668-73. [PMID: 21334700 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A rare 16β-H steroidal alkaloid saponin (1), an avenacoside-type saponin (2), two steroidal saponins (4, 5), one revised-structure steroidal saponin (3) and six known compounds (6-11) were isolated from aerial parts of Solanum surattense Burm. f. Their structures were established on the basis of physical data, as well as by using spectroscopic (HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR), and chemical analysis methods. Compounds 1 and 11 showed cytotoxicity against A549 cell line with IC(50) values of 20.3 and 15.7μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Lu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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11
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Milner SE, Brunton NP, Jones PW, O'Brien NM, Collins SG, Maguire AR. Bioactivities of glycoalkaloids and their aglycones from Solanum species. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:3454-3484. [PMID: 21401040 DOI: 10.1021/jf200439q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Potatoes, tomatoes, and aubergines are all species of the Solanum genus and contain a vast array of secondary metabolites including calystegine alkaloids, phenolic compounds, lectins, and glycoalkaloids. Glycoalkaloids have been the subject of many literature papers, occur widely in the human diet, and are known to induce toxicity. Therefore, from a food safety perspective further information is required regarding their analysis, toxicity, and bioavailability. This is especially important in crop cultivars derived from wild species to prevent glycoalkaloid-induced toxicity. A comprehensive review of the bioactivity of glycoalkaloids and their aglycones of the Solanum species, particularly focused on comparison of their bioactivities including their anticancer, anticholesterol, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antipyretic effects, toxicity, and synergism of action of the principal Solanum glycoalkaloids, correlated to differences of their individual molecular structures is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinead Eileen Milner
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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12
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Maurya A, Gupta S, Negi S, Srivastava SK. pH-Zone-refining centrifugal partition chromatography for preparative isolation and purification of steroidal glycoalkaloids from Solanum xanthocarpum. J Sep Sci 2010; 32:3126-32. [PMID: 19697315 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
pH-Zone-refining centrifugal-partition chromatography (CPC) was successfully applied in the separation of complex polar steroidal glycoalkaloids of close Rf values, directly from a crude extract of Solanum xanthocarpum. The experiment was performed with a two phase solvent system composed of ethyl acetate/butanol/water (1:4:5 by volume) where triethylamine (5 mM) was added to the upper organic mobile phase as an eluter and TFA (10 mM) to the aqueous stationary phase as a retainer. Separation of 1 g of crude extract over CPC resulted in two distinct pH-zones. The fractions collected in pH-zone i afforded 72 mg of solasonine while the fractions collected in pH-zone ii were slightly impure, hence were purified over medium pressure LC, which afforded 30 mg of solasonine and further 15 mg of solamargine (SM). The steroidal glycoalkaloids, SM and solasonine were isolated in 93.3 and 91.6% purity, respectively. The isolated alkaloids were characterized on the basis of their (1)H, (13)C-NMR, and ESI-MS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Maurya
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
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Nakamura S, Hongo M, Sugimoto S, Matsuda H, Yoshikawa M. Steroidal saponins and pseudoalkaloid oligoglycoside from Brazilian natural medicine, "fruta do lobo" (fruit of Solanum lycocarpum). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2008; 69:1565-1572. [PMID: 18353405 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Revised: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 02/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal saponins, lyconosides Ia, Ib, II, III, and IV and a steroidal pseudoalkaloid oligoglycoside, lobofrutoside, were isolated from a Brazilian natural medicine, "fruta do lobo" (the fruit of Solanum lycocarpum St. Hil.). The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of analysis of chemical and physicochemical evidence.
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Yoshikawa M, Nakamura S, Ozaki K, Kumahara A, Morikawa T, Matsuda H. Structures of steroidal alkaloid oligoglycosides, robeneosides A and B, and antidiabetogenic constituents from the Brazilian medicinal plant Solanum lycocarpum. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2007; 70:210-4. [PMID: 17249729 DOI: 10.1021/np0680580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In the course of our studies on antidiabetogenic compounds from natural medicines and medicinal foodstuffs, a methanolic extract of the fruits of Solanum lycocarpum showed an inhibitory effect on the increase of serum glucose levels in oral sucrose-loaded rats. Through bioassay-guided separation, three known steroidal alkaloid oligoglycosides, solamargine (1), solasonine (3), and 12-hydroxysolasonine (5), were isolated from the active fraction together with two new steroidal alkaloid oligoglycosides, robeneosides A (2) and B (4). The major constituents, solamargine (1) and solasonine (3), exhibited an inhibitory effect on the increase of serum glucose levels in oral sucrose-loaded rats. In addition, these compounds suppressed gastric emptying in mice. However, this methanolic extract from S. lycocarpum fruits did not have any effect on intestinal alpha-glucosidase (sucrase and maltase) in vitro. It was concluded that these steroidal alkaloid oligoglycosides, 1 and 3, inhibited the increase of rat serum glucose levels by suppressing the transfer of sucrose from the stomach to the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Yoshikawa
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan.
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Cherkaoui S, Bekkouche K, Christen P, Veuthey JL. Non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis with diode array and electrospray mass spectrometric detection for the analysis of selected steroidal alkaloids in plant extracts. J Chromatogr A 2001; 922:321-8. [PMID: 11486878 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)00907-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis coupled to UV detection is described for the separation and determination of steroidal alkaloids. After optimization of electrophoretic parameters, including the electrolyte nature and the organic solvent composition, a reliable separation of solasodine and solanidine was achieved in a methanol-acetonitrile (20:80, v/v) mixture containing 25 mM ammonium acetate and 1 M acetic acid. For quantitative purposes, a fused-silica capillary with a bubble cell was used and detection was performed at low wavelength (195 nm). Method performances, including migration time and peak area reproducibility, linearity, sensitivity and accuracy, were also evaluated. The method was applied to determine solasodine in Solanum elaeagnifolium berries and Solanum sodomaeum leaves and seeds. To further improve sensitivity in the analysis of solasodine-related compounds, solanidine, demissidine and tomatidine, the developed method was interfaced with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. In the case of solasodine, the detection limit was estimated at 3 microg/ml for NACE-UV and at 0.05 microg/ml for NACE-MS, in the selected ion-monitoring mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cherkaoui
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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Paulo A, Jimeno ML, Gomes ET, Houghton PJ. Steroidal alkaloids from Cryptolepis obtusa. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2000; 53:417-422. [PMID: 10703068 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(99)00568-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Two novel diglycosylated steroidal alkaloids of 5 delta-pregnene nucleus, named obtusine-20(R)-O-[beta-thevetopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-cyma ropyranoside] and obtusolactam-20(R)-O-[beta-thevetopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta- cymaropyranoside], together with the known beta-sitosteryl-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside were isolated from the roots of Cryptolepis obtusa N. E. Br.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paulo
- CECF-Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Portugal
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18
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Ripperger H. Solanum Steroid Alkaloids - an Update. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-8210(98)80004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Selvanayagam ZE, Gnanavendhan SG, Balakrishna K, Rao RB, Sivaraman J, Subramanian K, Puri R, Puri RK. Ehretianone, a novel quinonoid xanthene from Ehretia buxifolia with antisnake venom activity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 1996; 59:664-7. [PMID: 8759162 DOI: 10.1021/np960355p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Ehretianone (1), a new quinonoid xanthene, together with known sterols, was isolated from a MeOH extract of the root bark of Ehretia buxifolia. The structure of ehretianone was elucidated as 7-hydroxy-9a alpha-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-4a alpha,9 alpha-(2-methylprop-2-enyl)-4a, 9a-dihydro-1,4-dioxoxanthene on the basis of spectroscopic data and X-ray crystallographic analysis. The antisnake venom activity of ehretianone against Echis carinatus venom in mice is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z E Selvanayagam
- Captain Srinivasa Murti Drug Research Institute for Ayurveda, Madras, India
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Schneider MJ. Chapter Two Pyridine and piperidine alkaloids: An update. ALKALOIDS: CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-8210(96)80026-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Kwoh D, Pocalyko DJ, Carchi AJ, Harirchian B, Hargiss LO, Wong TC. Regioselective synthesis and characterization of 6-O-alkanoylgluconolactones. Carbohydr Res 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(95)00074-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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