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Li Y, Yan Z, Lin A, Yang X, Li X, Yin X, Li W, Li K. Epidermal oxysterols function as alarm substances in zebrafish. iScience 2024; 27:109660. [PMID: 38650983 PMCID: PMC11033690 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alarm substances signal imminent predation thread and enable anti-predation strategies. In shoaling fish, alarm cues diffuse from injured skins that induce intense fear and anti-predation behaviors in other members. While these "fear substances" are shown to be present in numerous fishes and thought to exist in roughly 8,000 Ostariophysan species, their chemical nature remains largely unknown. We posited that fish alarm cues comprise small compounds and induce specific behaviors characteristic of fish exposed to skin extracts. Using the behaviors as bioassays, we tracked the alarm function of zebrafish skin extract to two compounds, 24-methyl-5α-cholestane-3α,7α,12α,24,28-pentahydroxy 28-sulfate, an oxysterol sulfate, and 5α-cyprinol sulfate. At concentrations of less than one nanomolar, each compound induced anti-predator behaviors and increased cortisol levels in zebrafish. Their mixture, at the natural ratio, replicated the skin extract in eliciting the full suite of anti-predator behavior patterns. Our findings reveal a molecular mechanism whereby fish escape predation danger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxi Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi Yan
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Ainuo Lin
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xiuli Yin
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries & Wildlife, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Ke Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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Xu Q, Yang X, Zhang R, Li Y, Yan Z, Li X, Ma B, Liu Y, Lin A, Han S, Li K, Chen L. Embryotoxicity and Teratogenicity of Steroidal Saponin Isolated from Ophiopholis mirabilis. TOXICS 2023; 11:137. [PMID: 36851012 PMCID: PMC9959855 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Benthic invertebrates produce secondary metabolites that serve as defenses against consumers and promote their fitness. To explore the chemical defense in marine benthic echinoderms, the chemical constituents of Ophiopholis mirabilis were investigated. A steroidal monoglycoside, asterosaponin P1, was isolated from O. mirabilis for the first-time using column chromatography. The chemical structure was characterized by spectroscopic and spectrometric methods. The embryotoxicity and teratogenicity of the isolated compound were assessed using the zebrafish embryo assay, a powerful vertebrate animal model system to study mechanisms of toxicity. When applied at high concentrations, asterosaponin P1 causes a significant increase in embryo mortality. A moderate LC50 of asterosaponin P1 appeared to be time- and concentration-dependent in its toxicity to zebrafish embryos. Teratogenicity in zebrafish embryos also included morphological defects, decreased hatchability, and a reduced heart rate. These findings revealed that steroidal saponin extracted from O. mirabilis exhibited acute toxic effects on zebrafish embryos, suggesting a potential chemical defense function in marine habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Marine Resources Development, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yaxi Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Zhi Yan
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai 266071, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Bing Ma
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Ainuo Lin
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Shaoshuai Han
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Ke Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Li Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Marine Resources Development, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
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Bamunuarachchi NI, Khan F, Kim YM. Antimicrobial Properties of Actively Purified Secondary Metabolites Isolated from Different Marine Organisms. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 22:920-944. [PMID: 32744964 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200730144536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of infection caused by pathogenic bacteria becomes one of the serious concerns globally. The failure in the treatment was found due to the exhibition of multiple resistance mechanisms against the antimicrobial agents. The emergence of resistant bacterial species has also been observed due to prolong treatment using conventional antibiotics. To combat these problems, several alternative strategies have been employed using biological and chemically synthesized compounds as antibacterial agents. Marine organisms are considered as one of the potential sources for the isolation of bioactive compounds due to the easily available, cost-effective, and eco-friendly. METHODS The online search methodology was adapted for the collection of information related to the antimicrobial properties of marine-derived compounds. These compound has been isolated and purified by different purification techniques, and their structure also characterized. Furthermore, the antibacterial activities have been reported by using broth microdilution as well as disc diffusion assays. RESULTS The present review paper describes the antimicrobial effect of diverse secondary metabolites which are isolated and purified from the different marine organisms. The structural elucidation of each secondary metabolite has also been done in the present paper, which will help for the in silico designing of the novel and potent antimicrobial compounds. CONCLUSION A thorough literature search has been made and summarizes the list of antimicrobial compounds that are isolated from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic marine organisms. The information obtained from the present paper will be helpful for the application of marine compounds as antimicrobial agents against different antibiotic-resistant human pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fazlurrahman Khan
- Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
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Pounina TA, Gloriozova TA, Savidov N, Dembitsky VM. Sulfated and Sulfur-Containing Steroids and Their Pharmacological Profile. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:240. [PMID: 33923288 PMCID: PMC8145587 DOI: 10.3390/md19050240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The review focuses on sulfated steroids that have been isolated from seaweeds, marine sponges, soft corals, ascidians, starfish, and other marine invertebrates. Sulfur-containing steroids and triterpenoids are sourced from sedentary marine coelenterates, plants, marine sediments, crude oil, and other geological deposits. The review presents the pharmacological profile of sulfated steroids, sulfur-containing steroids, and triterpenoids, which is based on data obtained using the PASS program. In addition, several semi-synthetic and synthetic epithio steroids, which represent a rare group of bioactive lipids that have not yet been found in nature, but possess a high level of antitumor activity, were included in this review for the comparative pharmacological characterization of this class of compounds. About 140 steroids and triterpenoids are presented in this review, which demonstrate a wide range of biological activities. Therefore, out of 71 sulfated steroids, thirteen show strong antitumor activity with a confidence level of more than 90%, out of 50 sulfur-containing steroids, only four show strong antitumor activity with a confidence level of more than 93%, and out of eighteen epithio steroids, thirteen steroids show strong antitumor activity with a confidence level of 91% to 97.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana A. Pounina
- Far Eastern Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Tatyana A. Gloriozova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Building 8, Pogodinskaya Street, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Nick Savidov
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada;
| | - Valery M. Dembitsky
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada;
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, 17 Palchevsky Str., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
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Kamyab E, Goebeler N, Kellermann MY, Rohde S, Reverter M, Striebel M, Schupp PJ. Anti-Fouling Effects of Saponin-Containing Crude Extracts from Tropical Indo-Pacific Sea Cucumbers. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E181. [PMID: 32244281 PMCID: PMC7231054 DOI: 10.3390/md18040181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea cucumbers are bottom dwelling invertebrates, which are mostly found on subtropical and tropical sea grass beds, sandy reef flats, or reef slopes. Although constantly exposed to fouling communities in these habitats, many species are surprisingly free of invertebrate epibionts and microfouling algae such as diatoms. In our study, we investigated the anti-fouling (AF) activities of different crude extracts of tropical Indo-Pacific sea cucumber species against the fouling diatom Cylindrotheca closterium. Nine sea cucumber species from three genera (i.e., Holothuria, Bohadschia, Actinopyga) were selected and extracted to assess their AF activities. To verify whether the sea cucumber characteristic triterpene glycosides were responsible for the observed potent AF activities, we tested purified fractions enriched in saponins isolated from Bohadschia argus, representing one of the most active anti-fouling extracts. Saponins were quantified by vanillin-sulfuric acid colorimetric assays and identified by LC-MS and LC-MS/MS analyses. We were able to demonstrate that AF activities in sea cucumber extracts were species-specific, and growth inhibition as well as attachment of the diatom to surfaces is dependent on the saponin concentration (i.e., Actinopyga contained the highest quantities), as well as on the molecular composition and structure of the present saponins (i.e., Bivittoside D derivative was the most bioactive compound). In conclusion, the here performed AF assay represents a promising and fast method for selecting the most promising bioactive organism as well as for identifying novel compounds with potent AF activities for the discovery of potentially novel pharmacologically active natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Kamyab
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (N.G.); (M.Y.K.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Norman Goebeler
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (N.G.); (M.Y.K.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (M.S.)
- Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, J.A. Palmènin tie 260, 10900 Hanko, Finland
| | - Matthias Y. Kellermann
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (N.G.); (M.Y.K.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Sven Rohde
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (N.G.); (M.Y.K.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Miriam Reverter
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (N.G.); (M.Y.K.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Maren Striebel
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (N.G.); (M.Y.K.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Peter J. Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (N.G.); (M.Y.K.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (M.S.)
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Ammerländer Heerstrasse 231, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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Kicha AA, Ha DT, Malyarenko TV, Kalinovsky AI, Popov RS, Malyarenko OS, Thuy TTT, Long PQ, Ha NTT, Ivanchina NV. Unusual Polyhydroxylated Steroids from the Starfish Anthenoides laevigatus, Collected off the Coastal Waters of Vietnam. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061440. [PMID: 32209997 PMCID: PMC7145304 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Four new polyhydroxylated steroids 1–4 were isolated along with two previously known related steroids 5 and 6 from the methanolic extract of the starfish Anthenoides laevigatus collected off the coastal waters of Vietnam. Structures of new compounds were substantially elucidated by one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR spectroscopy and HRESIMS techniques. Heptaol 1 and hexaol 2 contain the common 5α-cholestane skeleton, while hexaol 3 and heptaol 4 have the rare among starfish steroid compounds 5β-cholestane skeleton. Compounds 1, 5, and 6 do not show cytotoxic effects against normal JB6 Cl41 and cancer HT-29 and MDA-MB-231 cells, however they inhibit cell proliferation and colony formation of cancer HT-29 and MDA-MB-231 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla A. Kicha
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.V.M.); (A.I.K.); (R.S.P.); (O.S.M.); (N.V.I.)
- Correspondence: or (A.A.K.); (T.T.T.T.); Tel.: +7-423-2312-360 (A.A.K.); Fax: +7-423-2314-050 (A.A.K.)
| | - Dinh T. Ha
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam;
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam;
| | - Timofey V. Malyarenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.V.M.); (A.I.K.); (R.S.P.); (O.S.M.); (N.V.I.)
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova Str. 8, 690000 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Anatoly I. Kalinovsky
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.V.M.); (A.I.K.); (R.S.P.); (O.S.M.); (N.V.I.)
| | - Roman S. Popov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.V.M.); (A.I.K.); (R.S.P.); (O.S.M.); (N.V.I.)
| | - Olesya S. Malyarenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.V.M.); (A.I.K.); (R.S.P.); (O.S.M.); (N.V.I.)
| | - Tran T. T. Thuy
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam;
- Correspondence: or (A.A.K.); (T.T.T.T.); Tel.: +7-423-2312-360 (A.A.K.); Fax: +7-423-2314-050 (A.A.K.)
| | - Pham Q. Long
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam;
| | - Nguyen T. T. Ha
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam;
| | - Natalia V. Ivanchina
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.V.M.); (A.I.K.); (R.S.P.); (O.S.M.); (N.V.I.)
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Neves AR, Almeida JR, Carvalhal F, Câmara A, Pereira S, Antunes J, Vasconcelos V, Pinto M, Silva ER, Sousa E, Correia-da-Silva M. Overcoming environmental problems of biocides: Synthetic bile acid derivatives as a sustainable alternative. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 187:109812. [PMID: 31669574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Marine biofouling represents a global economic and ecological challenge. Some marine organisms produce bioactive metabolites, such as steroids, that inhibit the settlement and growth of fouling organisms. The aim of this work was to explore bile acids as a new scaffold with antifouling (AF) activity by using chemical synthesis to produce a series of bile acid derivatives with optimized AF performance and understand their structure-activity relationships. Seven bile acid derivatives were successfully synthesized in moderate to high yields, and their structures were elucidated through spectroscopic methods. Their AF activities were tested against both macro- and microfouling communities. The most potent bile acid against the settlement of Mytilus galloprovincialis larvae was the methyl ester derivative of cholic acid (10), which showed an EC50 of 3.7 μM and an LC50/EC50 > 50 (LC50 > 200 μM) in AF effectiveness vs toxicity studies. Two derivatives of deoxycholic acid (5 and 7) potently inhibited the growth of biofilm-forming marine bacteria with EC50 values < 10 μM, and five bile acids (1, 5, and 7-9) potently inhibited the growth of diatoms, showing EC50 values between 3 and 10 μM. Promising AF profiles were achieved with some of the synthesized bile acids by combining antimacrofouling and antimicrofouling activities. Initial studies on the incorporation of one of these promising bile acid derivatives in polymeric coatings, such as a marine paint, demonstrated the ability of these compounds to generate coatings with antimacrofouling activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Neves
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General, Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana R Almeida
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General, Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Francisca Carvalhal
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General, Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Amadeu Câmara
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Pereira
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General, Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Jorge Antunes
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General, Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4069-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General, Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4069-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Madalena Pinto
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General, Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisabete R Silva
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande C8 bdg, Lisboa, 1749-016 Portugal; CERENA - Centro de Recursos Naturais e Ambiente, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Emília Sousa
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General, Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Correia-da-Silva
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General, Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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Navvabi A, Homaei A, Khademvatan S, Khadem Ansari MH, Keshavarz M. Combination of TiO2 nanoparticles and Echinometra mathaeis gonad extracts: In vitro and in vivo scolicidal activity against hydatid cysts. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Preparation of the Persian Gulf Echinometra mathaei Organic Extracts and Investigation of Their Antibacterial Activity. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.57093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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10
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Carvalhal F, Correia-da-Silva M, Sousa E, Pinto M, Kijjoa A. SULFATION PATHWAYS: Sources and biological activities of marine sulfated steroids. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 61:T211-T231. [PMID: 29298811 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Marine environment is rich in structurally unique molecules and can be an inspiring source of novel drugs. Currently, six marine-derived drugs are in the market with FDA approval and several more are in the clinical pipeline. Structurally diverse and complex secondary metabolites have been isolated from the marine world and these include sulfated steroids. Biological activities of nearly 150 marine sulfated steroids reported from 1978 to 2017 are compiled and described, namely antimicrobial, antitumor, cardiovascular and antifouling activities. Structure-activity relationship for each activity is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Carvalhal
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Marta Correia-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Emília Sousa
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Madalena Pinto
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Anake Kijjoa
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Chemical Ecology of Chemosensation in Asteroidea: Insights Towards Management Strategies of Pest Species. J Chem Ecol 2018; 44:147-177. [PMID: 29362949 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-018-0926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Within the Phylum Echinodermata, the class Asteroidea, commonly known as starfish and sea stars, encompasses a large number of benthos inhabiting genera and species with various feeding modalities including herbivores, carnivores, omnivores and detritivores. The Asteroidea rely on chemosensation throughout their life histories including hunting prey, avoiding or deterring predators, in the formation of spawning aggregations, synchronizing gamete release and targeting appropriate locations for larval settlement. The identities of many of the chemical stimuli that mediate these physiological and behavioural processes remain unresolved even though evidence indicates they play pivotal roles in the functionality of benthic communities. Aspects of chemosensation, as well as putative chemically-mediated behaviours and the molecular mechanisms of chemoreception, within the Asteroidea are reviewed here, with particular reference to the coral reef pest the Crown-of-Thorns starfish Acanthaster planci species complex, in the context of mitigation of population outbreaks.
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12
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Antifouling potential of Nature-inspired sulfated compounds. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42424. [PMID: 28205590 PMCID: PMC5304334 DOI: 10.1038/srep42424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products with a sulfated scaffold have emerged as antifouling agents with low or nontoxic effects to the environment. In this study 13 sulfated polyphenols were synthesized and tested for antifouling potential using the anti-settlement activity of mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) plantigrade post-larvae and bacterial growth inhibition towards four biofilm-forming bacterial strains. Results show that some of these Nature-inspired compounds were bioactive, particularly rutin persulfate (2), 3,6-bis(β-D-glucopyranosyl) xanthone persulfate (6), and gallic acid persulfate (12) against the settlement of plantigrades. The chemical precursors of sulfated compounds 2 and 12 were also tested for anti-settlement activity and it was possible to conclude that bioactivity is associated with sulfation. While compound 12 showed the most promising anti-settlement activity (EC50 = 8.95 μg.mL−1), compound 2 also caused the higher level of growth inhibition in bacteria Vibrio harveyi (EC20 = 12.5 μg.mL−1). All the three bioactive compounds 2, 6, and 12 were also found to be nontoxic to the non target species Artemia salina (<10% mortality at 250 μM) and Vibrio fischeri (LC50 > 1000 μg.mL−1). This study put forward the relevance of synthesizing non-natural sulfated small molecules to generate new nontoxic antifouling agents.
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Malyarenko TV, Malyarenko Vishchuk OS, Ivanchina NV, Kalinovsky AI, Popov RS, Kicha AA. Four New Sulfated Polar Steroids from the Far Eastern Starfish Leptasterias ochotensis: Structures and Activities. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:4418-35. [PMID: 26193286 PMCID: PMC4515625 DOI: 10.3390/md13074418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new sulfated steroid monoglycosides, leptaochotensosides A-C (1-3), and a new sulfated polyhydroxylated steroid (4) were isolated from the alcoholic extract of the Far Eastern starfish Leptasterias ochotensis. The structures of compounds 1-4 were established by extensive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESIMS) analyses and chemical transformations. Although the isolated compounds did not show any apparent cytotoxicity against melanoma RPMI-7951 and breast cancer T-47D cell lines, leptaochotensoside A (1) demonstrated inhibition of T-47D cell colony formation in a soft agar clonogenic assay at nontoxic doses. In addition, this compound decreased the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced colony formation of mouse epidermal JB6 Cl41 cells. The cancer preventive action of 1 is realized through regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timofey V Malyarenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Olesya S Malyarenko Vishchuk
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Natalia V Ivanchina
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Anatoly I Kalinovsky
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Roman S Popov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Alla A Kicha
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
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14
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Ermolovich YV, Zhabinskii VN, Khripach VA. Formation of the steroidal C-25 chiral center via the asymmetric alkylation methodology. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:776-82. [PMID: 25388008 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02123a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach for the preparation of steroids containing a chiral center at C-25 is reported. The key stereochemistry inducing step was asymmetric alkylation of pseudoephenamine amides of steroidal C-26 acids. The reaction proceeded with high diastereoselectivity (dr > 99 : 1). The developed methodology was successfully applied to the synthesis of (25R)- and (25S)-cholestenoic acids as well as (25R)- and (25S)-26-hydroxy brassinolides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu V Ermolovich
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich st., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus.
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15
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Quang TH, Lee DS, Han SJ, Kim IC, Yim JH, Kim YC, Oh H. Steroids from the Cold Water Starfish Ctenodiscus crispatus with Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Effects on Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Glioblastoma Cells. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.8.2335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Adibpour N, Nasr F, Nematpour F, Shakouri A, Ameri A. Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Holothuria leucospilota Isolated From Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2014; 7:e8708. [PMID: 25147657 PMCID: PMC4138674 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.8708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Emergence of antimicrobial resistance toward a number of conventional antibiotics has triggered the search for antimicrobial agents from a variety of sources including the marine environment. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of Holothuria leucospilota from Qeshm and Kharg Islands against some selected bacteria and fungi. Materials and Methods: In this investigation, sea cucumbers from two coastal cities of Persian Gulf were collected in March and May 2011 and identified by the scale method according to the food and agriculture organization of the United Nations. Antibacterial activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of the body wall, cuvierian organs and coelomic fluid, methanol, chloroform, and n-hexane extracts of the body wall were evaluated by the spot test. In addition, their antifungal activity was assessed by the broth dilution method. Results: The displayed effect was microbiostatic at concentrations of 1000 and 2000 µg/mL rather than microbicidal. The highest activity of hydroalcoholic extracts was exhibited by body wall, cuvierian organs and coelomic fluid against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa;Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus, A. flavus and A. brasilensis. However, none of the methanol, chloroform and n-haxane extracts showed appreciable effects against Shigella dysenteriae, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus cereus, S. epidermidis and Candida albicans. Moreover, cuvierian organs did not possess any antifungal potential. Conclusions: Our data indicated that water-methanol extracts from the body wall of H. leucospilota possess antibacterial and antifungal activity. However, additional and in-depth studies are required to isolate and identify the active component(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Adibpour
- Marine Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Farhad Nasr
- Marine Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nematpour
- School of Marine Sciences, Chabahar Maritime University, Chahbahar, IR Iran
| | - Arash Shakouri
- School of Marine Sciences, Chabahar Maritime University, Chahbahar, IR Iran
| | - Abdolghani Ameri
- Marine Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
- Department of Food and Drug Control, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Abdolghani Ameri, Marine Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-6113738378, Fax: +98-6113738381, E-mail:
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Abstract
The surface microtopographies of the sea star Luidia quinaria were investigated and measured by 3D video microscope and scanning electron microscope. The antifouling effectiveness of biomimetic microtopographies based on sea star surface was evaluated using diatoms.
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19
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New cholestane glycosides and sterols from the underground parts of Chamaelirium luteum and their cytotoxic activity. J Nat Med 2012; 67:590-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-012-0718-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Sun LL, Shao CL, Hang H, Guo ZY, Xing Q, Wang CY. New polyhydroxylated steroid from the South China Sea gorgonian Anthogorgia caerulea. Nat Prod Res 2012; 27:1159-66. [PMID: 22946558 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2012.717287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
One new polyhydroxylated steroid, caerulsteroid A (1), along with nine known analogues (2-10), was isolated from the gorgonian coral Anthogorgia caerulea collected from the South China Sea. The structure of the new compound was elucidated by 1-D and 2-D NMR, and mass spectrometry. The absolute configuration of 1 was assigned on the basis of the absolute configurations of the related congeners 2 and 3, which were determined by application of the modified Mosher's method. The isolated compounds were assayed for their cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity and lethality towards brine shrimp Artemia salina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
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21
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Sun P, Xu Y, Liu T, Tang H, Yi Y, Krohn K, Li L, Zhang W. Polyhydroxylated Steroids from the South China Sea Gorgonian Anthogorgia sp. Helv Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201100384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Dong G, Xu T, Yang B, Lin X, Zhou X, Yang X, Liu Y. Chemical constituents and bioactivities of starfish. Chem Biodivers 2011; 8:740-91. [PMID: 21560228 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200900344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Starfish have been the research topic in many chemical and pharmacological laboratories due to their complex secondary metabolites and diverse bioactivities. The aim of this review is to provide an up-to-date review on the chemistry and bioactivity of compounds isolated from all kinds of starfish to illustrate the chemodiversity and biological significance of these constituents, along with their geographical distribution where it is discernible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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23
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Levina EV, Kalinovskii AI, Andriyashchenko PV, Dmitrenok PS. Evasteriosides A and B and other sulfated steroids from the Pacific starfish Evasterias retifera. Russ Chem Bull 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-008-0347-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Galinier R, Roger E, Sautiere PE, Aumelas A, Banaigs B, Mitta G. Halocyntin and papillosin, two new antimicrobial peptides isolated from hemocytes of the solitary tunicate, Halocynthia papillosa. J Pept Sci 2009; 15:48-55. [PMID: 19085906 DOI: 10.1002/psc.1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We report here the screening of five marine invertebrate species from two taxa (tunicates and echinoderms) for the presence of cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMP) in defence cells (hemocytes). Antimicrobial activities were detected only in the two tunicates Microcosmus sabatieri and Halocynthia papillosa. In addition, we report the isolation and characterization of two novel peptides from H. papillosa hemocytes. These molecules display antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Complete peptide characterization was obtained by a combination of Edman degradation and mass spectrometry. The mature molecules, named halocyntin and papillosin, comprise 26 and 34 amino acid residues, respectively. Their primary structure display no significant similarities with previously described AMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Galinier
- Laboratoire de Biologie et d'Ecologie Tropicale et Méditerranéenne, CNRS-UPVD-EPHE, Perpignan, France.
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25
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Levina EV, Kalinovsky AI, Dmitrenok PV. Steroid compounds from two pacific starfish of the genus Evasterias. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2009; 35:134-41. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162009010166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Ma K, Li W, Fu H, Koike K, Lin W, van Ofwegen L, Fu H. New 4alpha-methyl steroids from a Chinese soft coral Nephthea sp. Steroids 2007; 72:901-7. [PMID: 17881025 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2007.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2007] [Revised: 07/06/2007] [Accepted: 07/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Three new 4alpha-methyl steroids, 4alpha-methyl-ergost-7,24(28)-diene-3beta-ol-23-one (1), 4alpha-methyl-ergost-8(14),24(28)-diene-3beta-ol-23-one (2), 4alpha-methyl-ergost-24(28)-en-3beta,11beta-diol-23-one (3), and two new polyoxygenated steroids, ergost-5,25-diene-3beta,24S,28-triol (4), ergost-5,24(28)-diene-3beta,23S-diol (5), along with one known steroid 24-methylencholesterol (6) were isolated from the soft coral Nephthea sp. Their structures including the relative configurations were elucidated by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectra analysis. The absolute configurations of (4) and (5) were determined by the Mosher's method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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27
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Levina EV, Kalinovsky AI, Andriyashchenko PV, Menzorova NI, Dmitrenok PS. Trofosides A and B and other cytostatic steroid-derived compounds from the far east starfish Trofodiscus über. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162007030107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Kicha AA, Ivanchina NV, Kalinovsky AI, Dmitrenok PS, Sokolova EV, Agafonova IG, Morre J, Stonik VA. Four new steroid glycosides from the Vietnamese starfish Linckia laevigata. Russ Chem Bull 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-007-0123-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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29
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Su JH, Lin FY, Huang HC, Dai CF, Wu YC, Hu WP, Hsu CH, Sheu JH. Novel steroids from the soft coral Nephthea chabrolii. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Guenther J, De Nys R. Surface microtopographies of tropical sea stars: lack of an efficient physical defence mechanism against fouling. BIOFOULING 2007; 23:419-29. [PMID: 17899470 DOI: 10.1080/08927010701570071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The role of surface topography as a defence against fouling in tropical sea stars was investigated. The sea stars Linckia laevigata, Fromia indica, Cryptasterina pentagona and Archaster typicus are not fouled and have paxillae (modified ossicles with a median vertical pillar) on their aboral surfaces, which varied in diameter, height and distance depending on species and position on the aboral surface, providing unique and complex surface microtopographies for each species. The surfaces of the sea stars L. laevigata, F. indica and A. typicus were moderately wettable, with their mean seawater contact angles, calculated from captive bubble measurements, being 60.1 degrees, 70.3 degrees and 57.3 degrees, respectively. The seawater contact angle of C. pentagona could not be measured. To evaluate the effectiveness of the surface microtopographies in deterring the settlement of fouling organisms, field experiments with resin replicas of the four sea star species were conducted at three sites around Townsville, Australia, for 8 weeks during the dry and wet seasons. The fouling community and total fouling cover did not differ significantly between replicas of L. laevigata, F. indica, C. pentagona, A. typicus and control surfaces at any site during the dry season. Significant differences between fouling communities on the replicas of the sea stars and control surfaces were detected at two sites during the wet season. However, these differences were transitory, and the total fouling cover did not differ significantly between replicas of sea stars and control surfaces at two of the three sites. In contrast to recent literature on the effects of biofouling control by natural surfaces in the marine environment, the surface microtopographies of tropical sea stars alone were not effective in deterring the settlement and growth of fouling organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Guenther
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
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31
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Guenther J, Walker-Smith G, Warén A, De Nys R. Fouling-resistant surfaces of tropical sea stars. BIOFOULING 2007; 23:413-8. [PMID: 17882628 DOI: 10.1080/08927010701570089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Qualitative evidence suggests sea stars are free of fouling organisms; however the presence of fouling-resistant surfaces of sea stars has not previously been documented. Field surveys were conducted in northern Queensland, Australia, during the wet and dry seasons and several tropical sea star species were examined for surface-associated micro- and macro-organisms. Mean bacterial abundances on seven sea star species were approximately 10(4) to 10(5) cells cm(-2) during both seasons. There were no consistent trends in bacterial abundances with season, species and aboral positions on sea star arms. No common generalist fouling organisms, such as algae, barnacles, serpulid polychaetes, bryozoans and ascidians, were found on any specimens of 12 sea star species. However, low numbers of parasitic and commensal macro-organisms were found on six sea star species. The gastropods Parvioris fulvescens, Asterolamia hians, Thyca (Granulithyca) nardoafrianti and Thyca crystallina were found exclusively on the sea stars Archaster typicus, Astropecten indicus, Nardoa pauciforis and Linckia laevigata, respectively. The shrimp Periclimenes soror was only found on Acanthaster planci, and the polychaete Ophiodromus sp. on A. typicus. The copepods Stellicola illgi and Paramolgus sp. were only found on L. laevigata and Echinaster luzonicus, respectively. As no common generalist fouling organisms were discovered, sea stars offer an excellent model to investigate the mechanisms driving fouling-resistant surfaces and the selective settlement of specialist invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Guenther
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
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Zhang W, Huang H, Ding Y, Gavagnin M, Mollo E, Cimino G, Guo YW. Three New Polyoxygenated Steroids from Two Species of the South China Sea GorgonianMuricella flexuosa andMenella verrucosaBrundin. Helv Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200690073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Levina EV, Kalinovskiĭ AI, Stonik VA, Dmitrenok PS, Andriiashchenko PV. Steroid Compounds from Far Eastern Starfishes Henricia aspera and H. tumida. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2005; 31:519-27. [PMID: 16245695 DOI: 10.1007/s11171-005-0064-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Six new natural compounds were isolated from two Far Eastern starfish species, Henricia aspera and H. tumida, collected in the Sea of Okhotsk. Two new glycosylated steroid polyols were obtained from H. aspera: asperoside A and asperoside B, which were shown to be (20R,24R,25S)-3-O-(2,3-di-O-methyl-beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-24-methyl-5alpha-cholest-4-ene-3beta,6beta,8,15a,16beta,26-hexaol and (20R,24R,25S,22E)-3-O-(2,4-di-O-methyl-beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-24-methyl-5alpha-cholest-22-ene-3beta,4beta,6beta,8,15alpha,26-hexaol, respectively. Two other glycosylated polyols, tumidoside A, with the structure elucidated as (20R,22E)-3-O-(2,4-di-O-methyl-beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-26,27-di-nor-24-methyl-5alpha-cholest-22-ene-3beta,4beta,6beta,8,15alpha,25-hexaol, and tumidoside B, whose structure was elucidated as (20R,24S)-3-O-(2,3-di-O-methyl-beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-5alpha-cholestan-3beta,4beta,6beta,8,15alpha,24-hexaol, were isolated from the two starfish species. (20R,24S)-Salpha-Cholestan-3beta,6beta,15alpha,24-tetraol and (20R,24S)-5alpha-cholestan-3beta,6beta,8,15alpha,24-pentaol were identified only in H. tumida. The known monoglycosides henricioside H1 and laeviuscolosides H and G were also identified in both species.
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Oishi T, Tsuchikawa H, Murata M, Yoshida M, Morisawa M. Synthesis and identification of an endogenous sperm activating and attracting factor isolated from eggs of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis; an example of nanomolar-level structure elucidation of novel natural compound. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Yoshida M, Murata M, Inaba K, Morisawa M. A chemoattractant for ascidian spermatozoa is a sulfated steroid. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:14831-6. [PMID: 12411583 PMCID: PMC137504 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.242470599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2002] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm chemotaxis toward eggs before fertilization has been demonstrated in many animals and plants, and several peptides and small organic compounds acting as chemoattractants have been identified. We previously showed that sperm of the ascidians Ciona intestinalis and Ciona savignyi are activated and then attracted toward the egg by a common factor released from the egg. In this study, we purified sperm-activating and -attracting factor (SAAF) from the egg-conditioning medium of C. intestinalis by using several steps of column chromatography. Determination of the molecular structure by NMR and MS/MS analysis revealed that SAAF is a previously uncharacterized sulfated steroid: 3,4,7,26-tetrahydroxycholestane-3,26-disulfate. Furthermore, it was shown that the SAAF of C. savignyi was indistinguishable from that of C. intestinalis in terms of the chromatographic behavior and molecular weight, indicating that the same compound might be responsible for sperm activation and chemotaxis in both the species. Furthermore, we established a method for quantitative analysis of sperm chemotaxis and showed that the chemotactic behavior of Ciona sperm is controlled by the "chemotactic turn" associated with decrease in the concentration of SAAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Yoshida
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Miura, Kanagawa 238-0225, Japan.
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Haug T, Kjuul AK, Styrvold OB, Sandsdalen E, Olsen ØM, Stensvåg K. Antibacterial activity in Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis (Echinoidea), Cucumaria frondosa (Holothuroidea), and Asterias rubens (Asteroidea). J Invertebr Pathol 2002; 81:94-102. [PMID: 12445793 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2011(02)00153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A search for antibacterial activity in different body parts of the green sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, the common starfish Asterias rubens, and the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa was conducted. Antibacterial activity was detected in extracts from several tissues in all species tested, but mainly in the coelomocyte and body wall extracts. Relatively high antibacterial activity could also be detected in gastrointestinal organs and eggs from A. rubens and in eggs from C. frondosa. Differences between active extracts regarding hydrophobicity and sensitivity to heat and proteinase K treatment indicated that several different compounds were responsible for the antibacterial activities detected. Lysozyme-like activity could be detected in several tissues from A. rubens. Haemolytic activity could be detected in all species tested, especially in the body wall extracts. Results from the current study suggest that marine echinoderms are a potential source for the discovery of novel antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tor Haug
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø, Breivika, Tromsø N-9037, Norway.
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Chemical and enzymatic synthesis of glycoconjugates 4. Control of regioselectivity in high yielding synthesis of (β-D-fucopyranosyl)-O-D-xylopyranosyl disaccharides using a CLONEZYME™ thermophilic glycosidase. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)02072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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39
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Iorizzi M, De Marino S, Minale L, Zollo F, Le Bert V, Roussakis C. Investigation of the polar steroids from an Antarctic Starfish of the family Echinasteridae: isolation of twenty seven polyhydroxysteroids and steroidal oligoglycosides, structures and biological activities. Tetrahedron 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(96)00618-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Minale L, Iorizzi M, Palagiano E, Riccio R. Steroid and triterpenoid oligoglycosides of marine origin. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1996; 404:335-56. [PMID: 8957306 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-1367-8_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Saponins have been considered for a long time typical metabolites of plant origin. It has been only in the last two decades that the world-wide investigation of marine organisms as sources of new bioactive metabolites disclosed the wide distribution of these molecules also among marine animals. Today saponins are recognized as the most common characteristic metabolites in two classes of the phylum Echinodermata (Holothuroidea and Asteroidea). Furthermore, several steroid and triterpenoid oligoglycosides have been isolated from different species of marine sponges, more rarely Anthozoans, and also from fishes of the genus Pardachirus, where they have been shown to act as shark repellents. This communication offers a general view of the distribution of steroid and triterpenoid oligoglycosides among marine organisms and focuses on a number of recent examples to discuss structural characteristics, biological activities, and methods of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Minale
- Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
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