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Maroyi A. Medicinal Uses of the Fabaceae Family in Zimbabwe: A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1255. [PMID: 36986943 PMCID: PMC10051751 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The current study is aimed at providing a systematic review of the ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Fabaceae species used as sources of traditional medicinies in Zimbabwe. Fabaceae is one of the well-known plant families of ethnopharmacological importance. Of the approximately 665 species of the Fabaceae family occurring in Zimbabwe, about 101 are used for medicinal purposes. Many communities in the country, mainly in peri-urban, rural and marginalized areas with limited access to healthcare facilities, rely on traditional medicines as their primary healthcare. The study reviewed research studies undertaken on Zimbabwe's Fabaceae species during 1959 to 2022. Information was gathered from literature sourced from Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, books, dissertations, theses and scientific reports. This study showed that 101 species are traditionally used to manage human and animal diseases in Zimbabwe. The genera with the highest number of medicinal uses are Indigofera, Senna, Albizia, Rhynchosia and Vachellia. Species of these genera are used as traditional medicines against 134 medical conditions, mainly gastrointestinal conditions, female reproductive conditions, respiratory conditions and sexually transmitted infections. Shrubs (39.0%), trees (37.0%) and herbs (18.0%) are the primary sources of traditional medicines, while roots (80.2%), leaves (36.6%), bark (27.7%) and fruits (8.9%) are the most widely used plant parts. Many of Zimbabwe's Fabaceae species used as sources of traditional medicines have been assessed for their phytochemical and pharmacological properties, corroborating their medicinal uses. However, there is a need to unravel the therapeutic potential of the family through further ethnopharmacological research focusing on toxicological studies, in vitro and in vivo models, biochemical assays and pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Maroyi
- Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
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2
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Han Y, Zhang L, Luo S. Highly Stereoselective Construction of β,β-Diaryl-α-Branched Ketones by the Chiral Primary Amine-Catalyzed Asymmetric Retro-Claisen Reaction. Org Lett 2022; 24:1752-1756. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Han
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100490, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Zhang Y, Liang Y, Zhao X. Chiral Selenide-Catalyzed, Highly Regio- and Enantioselective Intermolecular Thioarylation of Alkenes with Phenols. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yaoyu Liang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodan Zhao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
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Mori-Yasumoto K, Hashimoto Y, Agatsuma Y, Fuchino H, Yasumoto K, Shirota O, Satake M, Sekita S. Leishmanicidal phenolic compounds derived from Dalbergia cultrata. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:4907-4915. [PMID: 32208778 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1744140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a protozoan tropical infection that is estimated to be more than 0.3 million new cases occur annually worldwide. A novel phenolic compound, cultratin A (1), was isolated as a leishmanicidal constituent from the timber of Dalbergia cultrata, along with three known neoflavanoids (2, 3, 4), two benzofurans (5, 6), and two phenolic compounds (7, 8). Their structures were determined using spectral methods. Among them, a new compound (1) and 4-(S)-methoxydalbergione (2) showed effective leishmanicidal activities (IC50: 2.0 and 2.6 μM, respectively), while compound 8 showed moderate activity (IC50: 11 μM). The cytotoxicity of compounds 1 and 2 was also weaker than that of the other compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanami Mori-Yasumoto
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Hashimoto
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yutaka Agatsuma
- Institute of Environmental Science and Life, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fuchino
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ko Yasumoto
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Osamu Shirota
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Motoyoshi Satake
- Institute of Environmental Science and Life, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Setsuko Sekita
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Kagawa, Japan.,Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
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Heravi MM, Zadsirjan V, Saedi P, Momeni T. Applications of Friedel-Crafts reactions in total synthesis of natural products. RSC Adv 2018; 8:40061-40163. [PMID: 35558228 PMCID: PMC9091380 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07325b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, Friedel-Crafts (FC) reactions have been acknowledged as the most useful and powerful synthetic tools for the construction of a special kind of carbon-carbon bond involving an aromatic moiety. Its stoichiometric and, more recently, its catalytic procedures have extensively been studied. This reaction in recent years has frequently been used as a key step (steps) in the total synthesis of natural products and targeted complex bioactive molecules. In this review, we try to underscore the applications of intermolecular and intramolecular FC reactions in the total syntheses of natural products and complex molecules, exhibiting diverse biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid M Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
| | - Vahideh Zadsirjan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
| | - Pegah Saedi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
| | - Tayebeh Momeni
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
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Fujihara R, Nakata K. Chiral Inductive Diastereoconvergent Allylation Reactions of Allyltrimethylsilane and Diastereomixtures of Diarylmethanols Catalyzed by FeCl3. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rina Fujihara
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Shimane University; 1060 Nishikawatsu 690-8504 Matsue, Shimane Japan
| | - Kenya Nakata
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Shimane University; 1060 Nishikawatsu 690-8504 Matsue, Shimane Japan
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Caamal-Fuentes EE, Peraza-Sánchez SR, Torres-Tapia LW, Moo-Puc RE. Isolation and Identification of Cytotoxic Compounds from Aeschynomene fascicularis, a Mayan Medicinal Plant. Molecules 2015. [PMID: 26213910 PMCID: PMC6332200 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200813563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant Aeschynomene fascicularis (Fabaceae) has been used in Mayan traditional medicine in the Yucatan peninsula. However, the compounds present in the plant responsible for its curative properties have not yet been investigated. Aeschynomene fascicularis root bark was extracted with 100% methanol to obtain a crude extract. The methanol extract was partitioned successively with solvents with increasing polarity to obtain the corresponding hexane (Hx), dichloromethane (DCM) and ethyl acetate fractions (EtOAc), as well as a residual water-alcoholic fraction. These fractions were tested for their cytotoxic activities using an MTT assay against Hep-2 cancer cell lines. The Hx fraction led to the isolation of spinochalcone C (1), spinochalcone A (2), isocordoin (3) and secundiflorol G (4). Their structures were identified based on spectroscopic evidence and chemical properties. All compounds were subjected to cytotoxicity and antiproliferative assays against a panel of seven cell lines, including one normal-type cell line. Spinochalcone A (2) exhibited cytotoxic activity against DU-145 cell line and antiproliferative activity against the KB cell line. Secundiflorol G (4) showed strong cytotoxic activity towards KB and Hep-2 cell lines. In addition, isocordoin (3) showed moderate activity on KB, Hep-2 and DU-145 cell lines. The active Compounds 2, 3 and 4 are potential therapeutic entities against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar E Caamal-Fuentes
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán 97200, Mexico.
| | - Sergio R Peraza-Sánchez
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán 97200, Mexico.
| | - Luis W Torres-Tapia
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán 97200, Mexico.
| | - Rosa E Moo-Puc
- Unidad de Investigación Médica Yucatán, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Centro Médico Ignacio García Téllez, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Calle 41 No. 439, Col. Industrial, Mérida, Yucatán 97150, Mexico.
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Gram-scale synthesis of anti-pancreatic flavonoids (±)-8-[1-(4′-hydroxy-3′-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]-chrysin and -galangin. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Slabu I, Rossington SB, Killoran PM, Hirst N, Wilkinson JA. Total synthesis of (±)-mimosifoliol by lateral lithiation. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Arava VR, Malreddy S, Thummala SR. Acid-Catalyzed Ether Rearrangement: Total Synthesis of Isomimosifoliol and (±)-Dihydromimosifoliol. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2011.567882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Caamal-Fuentes E, Torres-Tapia LW, Simá-Polanco P, Peraza-Sánchez SR, Moo-Puc R. Screening of plants used in Mayan traditional medicine to treat cancer-like symptoms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 135:719-724. [PMID: 21501677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 04/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the potential of plants used in Mayan traditional medicine to treat cancer-like symptoms using the Mayan ethnobotany literature, and evaluate their organic extracts for in vitro cytotoxic activity on cancer cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS The selection of the plants studied in this investigation was based on the Mayan ethnobotanical information provided by different literature sources. Extracts were obtained by maceration with methanol for 72 h of each plant part used and evaporated in vacuo to give the corresponding dried extract. Each methanol extract was tested for its cytotoxicity using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay performed in 96-well tissue plates on seven cancer cell lines, lung carcinoma (A549), cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa), laryngeal carcinoma (Hep-2), nasopharynx carcinoma (KB), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), prostate adenocarcinoma (PC-3), and cervix squamous carcinoma cells (SiHa), as well as normal human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK-293). Cell proliferation/viability was spectrophotometrically assessed at 540 nm after addition of MTT. RESULTS 51 plants were found in the literature to be used for the treatment of symptoms suggestive of cancer, 21 were chosen to evaluate the cytotoxic activity. Aeschynomene fascicularis root bark extract showed a pronounced cytotoxic activity on Hela and KB cell lines and Bonellia macrocarpa stem and root bark extracts showed similar prominent activities on KB cells. CONCLUSION 21 plants were selected according to their use in the treatment of cancer-like symptoms recorded in the ethnobotanical literature. Plant extracts prepared from Aeschynomene fascicularis root bark and Bonellia macrocarpa stem and root bark have been selected for extensive studies leading to the isolation of the active constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Caamal-Fuentes
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, Yucatán 97200, Mexico
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12
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Touré BB, Hall DG. Natural Product Synthesis Using Multicomponent Reaction Strategies. Chem Rev 2009; 109:4439-86. [PMID: 19480390 DOI: 10.1021/cr800296p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1292] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barry B. Touré
- Department of Oncology Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Inc., 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Dennis G. Hall
- Department of Oncology Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Inc., 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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Khan WN, Ali I, Gul R, Choudhary MI. Xanthine oxidase inhibiting compounds from Ranunculus repens. Chem Nat Compd 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-008-0027-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Balunas MJ, Jones WP, Chin YW, Mi Q, Farnsworth NR, Soejarto DD, Cordell GA, Swanson SM, Pezzuto JM, Chai HB, Kinghorn AD. Relationships between inhibitory activity against a cancer cell line panel, profiles of plants collected, and compound classes isolated in an anticancer drug discovery project. Chem Biodivers 2007; 3:897-915. [PMID: 17193321 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200690092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to determine the relationships between the plant profiles (country of collection, taxonomy, plant part) and the compound classes isolated with cytotoxic activity against a panel of human tumor cell lines, the data compiled from a 15-year anticancer drug-discovery project were subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results indicate significant trends in cytotoxic activity relative to collection location, taxonomy, plant part, and compound classes isolated. Plant collections were made in tropical forests in six countries, with collections from Ecuador resulting in higher activity than those from Indonesia and Peru. Interestingly, collections from Florida were not statistically different than those from the countries with higher biodiversity. One hundred and forty-five families were represented in the collections, with the Clusiaceae, Elaeocarpaceae, Meliaceae, and Rubiaceae having low ED50 (half maximal effective dose) values. Especially active genera included Aglaia, Casearia, Exostema, Mallotus, and Trichosanthes. Roots and below-ground plant materials were significantly more active than above-ground materials. Cucurbitacins, flavaglines, anthraquinones, fatty acids, tropane alkaloids, lignans, and sesquiterpenoids were significantly more active than xanthones and oligorhamnosides. The results from this study should serve as a guide for future plant collection endeavors for anticancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcy J Balunas
- Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street (M/C 781), Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Pham VC, Ma J, Thomas SJ, Xu Z, Hecht SM. Alkaloids from Alangium javanicum and Alangium grisolleoides that mediate Cu2+-dependent DNA strand scission. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2005; 68:1147-52. [PMID: 16124751 DOI: 10.1021/np058013j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Crude CH2Cl2-MeOH extracts prepared from Alangium javanicum and A. grisolleoides were found to induce DNA strand breakage in the presence of Cu2+ and were subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation to permit identification of the active principle(s). Javaniside (1), a novel alkaloid possessing an unusual monoterpenoid oxindole skeleton, was identified as an active principle contributing to the DNA cleavage activity observed for the crude extract of A. javanicum. Alangiside (2), a tetrahydroisoquinoline monoterpene glucoside widely distributed in the genus Alangium, was also isolated from A. grisolleoides as a new type of Cu2+-dependent DNA cleavage agent. The relative configuration of the asymmetric centers in javaniside was established by analysis of 1H-1H coupling constants and NOESY correlations. Semisynthesis of javaniside from secologanin (3) established the absolute stereochemistry of javaniside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Cuong Pham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
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Selenski C, Pettus TRR. Enantioselective [4 + 2] cycloadditions of o-quinone methides: total synthesis of (+)-mimosifoliol and formal synthesis of (+)-tolterodine. J Org Chem 2005; 69:9196-203. [PMID: 15609955 DOI: 10.1021/jo048703c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first example of an enantioselective cycloaddition of an o-quinone methide (o-QM) with a chiral enol ether is described along with the total synthesis of (+)-mimosifoliol and the formal synthesis of (+)-tolterodine. These syntheses exemplify a three-component, one-pot benzopyran approach for the construction of chiral benzylic junctions. Cycloadditions of various enol ethers and o-QMs are examined, and diastereoselectivities >95% are obtained with trans-2-phenyl-1-cyclohexanol and 2,2-diphenylcyclopentanol vinyl ethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Selenski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, California 93106-9150, USA
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Ma J, Jones SH, Hecht SM. A dihydroflavonol glucoside from Commiphora africana that mediates DNA strand scission. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2005; 68:115-117. [PMID: 15679332 DOI: 10.1021/np0400510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A crude CH(2)Cl(2)-MeOH extract prepared from Commiphora africana was found to mediate Cu(2+)-dependent relaxation of supercoiled plasmid DNA. Bioassay-guided fractionation of this extract was carried out and was monitored by the use of an in vitro DNA strand scission assay. The dihydroflavonol glucoside phellamurin (1) was identified as the active principle responsible for the DNA cleavage activity of the crude extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
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Ma J, Jones SH, Hecht SM. A coumarin from Mallotus resinosus that mediates DNA cleavage. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2004; 67:1614-1616. [PMID: 15387675 DOI: 10.1021/np040129c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A crude extract prepared from roots of Mallotus resinosus exhibited significant Cu(2+)-dependent DNA strand scission activity and was thus selected for bioassay-guided fractionation. Scopoletin (1), a simple coumarin, was identified as the active principle responsible for DNA cleavage activity of the crude extract. The DNA strand scission activity of 1, as well as that of three structural analogues, is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ma
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
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Ma J, Jones SH, Hecht SM. Phenolic acid amides: a new type of DNA strand scission agent from Piper caninum. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:3885-9. [PMID: 15210155 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2004] [Accepted: 05/01/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In a survey of the active components of crude plant extracts for their ability to cleave DNA, a crude extract prepared from Piper caninum was found to induce the relaxation of supercoiled pBR322 plasmid DNA in the presence of Cu(2+). Bioassay-guided fractionation was carried out on this extract, guided by an in vitro DNA strand scission assay. Three active principles were isolated and identified as N-cis-feruloyl tyramine (1),N-trans-feruloyl tyramine (2), and 1-cinnamoylpyrrolidine (3). Compounds 1-3 represent a structurally new type of DNA strand scission agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22901, USA
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Abstract
A mild aromatic propargylation reaction, employing an air- and moisture-tolerant rhenium-oxo complex ((dppm)ReOCl(3)) as a catalyst and a propargyl alcohol as the electrophile, is described. The reaction tolerates a broad range of functional groups and regioselectively affords propargylic arenas without formation of the isomeric allenyl adducts. The potential of this rhenium(V)-catalyzed reaction is exemplified by application of the propargylation to the synthesis of O-methyldetrol, mimosifoliol, and beta-apopicropodophyllin. [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Kennedy-Smith
- Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Riet-Correa F, Timm CD, Barros SS, Summers BA. Symmetric focal degeneration in the cerebellar and vestibular nuclei in swine caused by ingestion of Aeschynomene indica seeds. Vet Pathol 2003; 40:311-6. [PMID: 12724573 DOI: 10.1354/vp.40-3-311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A vestibulocerebellar disorder was observed in 2- to 4-month-old swine after consumption of broken rice contaminated with 13% Aeschynomene indica seeds. Affected animals recovered in 2-14 days after removal of the contaminated food. To reproduce the syndrome, 10 pigs were fed 13% A. indica seeds in commercial pig ration or rice. They showed clinical signs similar to those observed in the spontaneous cases, 1 hour to 6 days after ingestion. Three pigs recovered after the withdrawal of the contaminated food. The others were killed. Two pigs that were fed for 25 days with food containing 3% and 6% seeds and two control pigs did not show clinical signs. Histologic lesions were characterized by symmetric focal degeneration in the cerebellar and vestibular nuclei. The initial lesion, observed 24 hours after the first ingestion, was characterized by vacuolation of the neuropil. Subsequently, there was progressive loss of parenchyma, vascular reaction, a few small spheroids, astrocytosis, and accumulation of gitter cells. The brains from four pigs were perfused with a buffered solution of glutaraldehyde-paraformaldehyde 12-48 hours after they started to ingest the seeds. No ultrastructural lesions were observed in the cerebellar nuclei after 12 hours of seed consumption. At 24 hours, endothelial cells and pericytes were separated by empty spaces from astrocyte foot processes, suggesting perivascular edema. The astrocytes were enlarged, consistent with intracellular fluid accumulation. These results suggest that A. indica seeds are toxic, causing functional derangement of the vestibulocerebellar system, followed by alterations in the microvasculature in the cerebellar and vestibular nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Riet-Correa
- Veterinary Faculty, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campus de Patos, Paraíba, Brazil.
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Van De Water RW, Pettus TR. o-Quinone methides: intermediates underdeveloped and underutilized in organic synthesis. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00496-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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