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苏 栋, 娄 凡, 黄 锐, 李 霞, 林 垦, 李 果, 马 静. [Analysis of 59 cases of large vestibular aqueduct syndrome SLC26A4gene mutation frequency and new mutation sites]. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2023; 37:909-915. [PMID: 37905486 PMCID: PMC10985661 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective:To study the frequency of SLC26A4 gene mutation sites in children with enlarged vestibular aqueduct deafness in Yunnan, report the new mutation sites of SLC26A4 gene, further clarify the mutation spectrum of SLC26A4gene, and explore the association between biallelic and monoallelic mutations of SLC26A4 gene and CT phenotype of inner ear, so as to provide basis for clinical and genetic diagnosis of deafness. Methods:Review the results of temporal bone CT examination of 390 children after cochlear implantation in the Department of Otolaryngology, Kunming Children's Hospital from August 2016 to September 2021. Sanger sequencing of SLC26A4 gene was performed in 59 children with enlarged vestibular aqueduct. According to the genetic test results, the children who underwent temporal bone CT examination were divided into two groups: SLC26A4 biallelic mutation group(homozygous mutation and compound heterozygous mutation), monoallelic mutation group, and the association with inner ear CT phenotype was analyzed, and the new sites were summarized and analyzed. Results:The c.919-2a>g mutation was the most common mutation in children with enlarged vestibular aqueduct with SLC26A4 gene mutation. Three new variants of SLC26A4 gene were found; CT examination combined with genetic testing found that a part of children with enlarged vestibular aqueduct was associated with SLC26A4 monoallelic mutation or no SLC26A4 gene mutation was detected. Further research is needed to investigate the involvement of other pathogenic factors in the pathogenesis of EVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- 栋 苏
- 昆明市儿童医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科 昆明市儿童先天出生缺陷防控研究重点实验室 云南省儿童重大疾病研究重点实验室(昆明,650228)Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Congenital Birth Defects of Children, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Kunming, 650228, China
| | - 凡 娄
- 昆明市儿童医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科 昆明市儿童先天出生缺陷防控研究重点实验室 云南省儿童重大疾病研究重点实验室(昆明,650228)Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Congenital Birth Defects of Children, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Kunming, 650228, China
| | - 锐 黄
- 昆明市儿童医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科 昆明市儿童先天出生缺陷防控研究重点实验室 云南省儿童重大疾病研究重点实验室(昆明,650228)Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Congenital Birth Defects of Children, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Kunming, 650228, China
| | - 霞 李
- 昆明市儿童医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科 昆明市儿童先天出生缺陷防控研究重点实验室 云南省儿童重大疾病研究重点实验室(昆明,650228)Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Congenital Birth Defects of Children, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Kunming, 650228, China
| | - 垦 林
- 昆明市儿童医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科 昆明市儿童先天出生缺陷防控研究重点实验室 云南省儿童重大疾病研究重点实验室(昆明,650228)Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Congenital Birth Defects of Children, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Kunming, 650228, China
| | - 果 李
- 昆明市儿童医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科 昆明市儿童先天出生缺陷防控研究重点实验室 云南省儿童重大疾病研究重点实验室(昆明,650228)Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Congenital Birth Defects of Children, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Kunming, 650228, China
| | - 静 马
- 昆明市儿童医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科 昆明市儿童先天出生缺陷防控研究重点实验室 云南省儿童重大疾病研究重点实验室(昆明,650228)Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Congenital Birth Defects of Children, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Kunming, 650228, China
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Rapp T, Kalinousky AJ, Johnson J, Bjornsson H, Harris J. Sleep disturbance is a common feature of Kabuki syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:3041-3048. [PMID: 35930004 PMCID: PMC9474613 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a rare epigenetic disorder caused by heterozygous loss of function variants in either KMT2D (90%) or KDM6A (10%), both involved in regulation of histone methylation. While sleep disturbance in other Mendelian disorders of the epigenetic machinery has been reported, no study has been conducted on sleep in KS. This study assessed sleep in 59 participants with KS using a validated sleep questionnaire. Participants ranged in age from 4 to 43 years old with 86% of participants having a pathogenic variant in KMT2D. In addition, data on adaptive function, behavior, anxiety, and quality of life were collected using their respective questionnaires. Some form of sleep issue was present in 71% of participants, with night-waking, daytime sleepiness, and sleep onset delay being the most prevalent. Sleep dysfunction was positively correlated with maladaptive behaviors, anxiety levels, and decreasing quality of life. Sleep issues were not correlated with adaptive function. This study establishes sleep disturbance as a common feature of KS. Quantitative sleep measures may be a useful outcome measure for clinical trials in KS. Further, clinicians caring for those with KS should consider sleep dysfunction as an important feature that impacts overall health and well being in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Rapp
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Allison J Kalinousky
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Hans Bjornsson
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jacqueline Harris
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Robijn SMM, Smits JJ, Sezer K, Huygen PLM, Beynon AJ, van Wijk E, Kremer H, de Vrieze E, Lanting CP, Pennings RJE. Genotype-Phenotype Correlations of Pathogenic COCH Variants in DFNA9: A HuGE Systematic Review and Audiometric Meta-Analysis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:220. [PMID: 35204720 PMCID: PMC8961530 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic missense variants in COCH are associated with DFNA9, an autosomal dominantly inherited type of progressive sensorineural hearing loss with or without vestibular dysfunction. This study is a comprehensive overview of genotype-phenotype correlations using the PRISMA and HuGENet guidelines. Study characteristics, risk of bias, genotyping and data on the self-reported age of onset, symptoms of vestibular dysfunction, normative test results for vestibular function, and results of audiovestibular examinations were extracted for each underlying pathogenic COCH variant. The literature search yielded 48 studies describing the audiovestibular phenotypes of 27 DFNA9-associated variants in COCH. Subsequently, meta-analysis of audiometric data was performed by constructing age-related typical audiograms and by performing non-linear regression analyses on the age of onset and progression of hearing loss. Significant differences were found between the calculated ages of onset and progression of the audiovestibular phenotypes of subjects with pathogenic variants affecting either the LCCL domain of cochlin or the vWFA2 and Ivd1 domains. We conclude that the audiovestibular phenotypes associated with DFNA9 are highly variable. Variants affecting the LCCL domain of cochlin generally lead to more progression of hearing loss when compared to variants affecting the other domains. This review serves as a reference for prospective natural history studies in anticipation of mutation-specific therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybren M. M. Robijn
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing & Genes, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (S.M.M.R.); (J.J.S.); (K.S.); (P.L.M.H.); (A.J.B.); (E.v.W.); (E.d.V.); (C.P.L.)
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Jeroen J. Smits
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing & Genes, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (S.M.M.R.); (J.J.S.); (K.S.); (P.L.M.H.); (A.J.B.); (E.v.W.); (E.d.V.); (C.P.L.)
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kadriye Sezer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing & Genes, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (S.M.M.R.); (J.J.S.); (K.S.); (P.L.M.H.); (A.J.B.); (E.v.W.); (E.d.V.); (C.P.L.)
| | - Patrick L. M. Huygen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing & Genes, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (S.M.M.R.); (J.J.S.); (K.S.); (P.L.M.H.); (A.J.B.); (E.v.W.); (E.d.V.); (C.P.L.)
| | - Andy J. Beynon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing & Genes, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (S.M.M.R.); (J.J.S.); (K.S.); (P.L.M.H.); (A.J.B.); (E.v.W.); (E.d.V.); (C.P.L.)
| | - Erwin van Wijk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing & Genes, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (S.M.M.R.); (J.J.S.); (K.S.); (P.L.M.H.); (A.J.B.); (E.v.W.); (E.d.V.); (C.P.L.)
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Hannie Kremer
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik de Vrieze
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing & Genes, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (S.M.M.R.); (J.J.S.); (K.S.); (P.L.M.H.); (A.J.B.); (E.v.W.); (E.d.V.); (C.P.L.)
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Cornelis P. Lanting
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing & Genes, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (S.M.M.R.); (J.J.S.); (K.S.); (P.L.M.H.); (A.J.B.); (E.v.W.); (E.d.V.); (C.P.L.)
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Ronald J. E. Pennings
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing & Genes, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (S.M.M.R.); (J.J.S.); (K.S.); (P.L.M.H.); (A.J.B.); (E.v.W.); (E.d.V.); (C.P.L.)
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
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Boniel S, Szymańska K, Śmigiel R, Szczałuba K. Kabuki Syndrome-Clinical Review with Molecular Aspects. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:468. [PMID: 33805950 PMCID: PMC8064399 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a rare developmental disorder principally comprised of developmental delay, hypotonia and a clearly defined dysmorphism: elongation of the structures surrounding the eyes, a shortened and depressed nose, thinning of the upper lip and thickening of the lower lip, large and prominent ears, hypertrichosis and scoliosis. Other characteristics include poor physical growth, cardiac, gastrointestinal and renal anomalies as well as variable behavioral issues, including autistic features. De novo or inherited pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in the KMT2D gene are the most common cause of KS and account for up to 75% of patients. Variants in KDM6A cause up to 5% of cases (X-linked dominant inheritance), while the etiology of about 20% of cases remains unknown. Current KS diagnostic criteria include hypotonia during infancy, developmental delay and/or intellectual disability, typical dysmorphism and confirmed pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant in KMT2D or KDM6A. Care for KS patients includes the control of physical and psychomotor development during childhood, rehabilitation and multi-specialist care. This paper reviews the current clinical knowledge, provides molecular and scientific links and sheds light on the treatment of Kabuki syndrome individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snir Boniel
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University, Pawinskiego 3c, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Krystyna Szymańska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Neuropathology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Robert Śmigiel
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Propaedeutic of Paediatrics and Rare Disorders, Medical University, 51-618 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Szczałuba
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University, Pawinskiego 3c, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
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Won S, Yoon J. MRI utricle diameter asymmetry is significantly greater in dogs with idiopathic vestibular syndrome compared with unaffected dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2020; 61:540-544. [PMID: 32663342 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic vestibular syndrome (IVS) is the most common cause of acute unilateral peripheral vestibular dysfunction in older dogs. The purpose of this retrospective, cross-sectional study was to characterize morphological changes in the utricle of dogs affected by IVS, using MRI. To evaluate differences between affected and unaffected utricles, the ratio of the largest to the smallest utricle diameter was obtained, as measured on transverse T2-weighted images, and defined as the utricle asymmetricity ratio (UAR). Out of 137 patients diagnosed with IVS after excluding other vestibular diseases by MRI, 101 were eligible for inclusion. Additionally, 31 older dogs with no signs of vestibular disorders or other intracranial diseases were included as a control group. The disease group was divided into two subgroups in which the direction of head tilt and nystagmus symptoms versus the decreased utricle diameters were consistent or inconsistent. The medians of UARs of the IVS and control groups were 0.83 (range 0.37-1.00) and 0.98 (0.70-1.00), respectively. The medians of the UARs of the consistent and inconsistent IVS subgroups were 0.82 (0.37-0.99) and 0.90 (0.74-1.00), respectively. The UAR of the IVS group was significantly decreased than that of the control group and UAR of the consistent sub-group was significantly decreased than that of the inconsistent sub-group (P < .01). In conclusion, significant asymmetry of utricle diameter was identified in dogs with IVS versus unaffected dogs. We propose that canine IVS may possibly be correlated with structural atrophy of the vestibular system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junghee Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Ashokkumar D, Zhang Q, Much C, Bledau AS, Naumann R, Alexopoulou D, Dahl A, Goveas N, Fu J, Anastassiadis K, Stewart AF, Kranz A. MLL4 is required after implantation, whereas MLL3 becomes essential during late gestation. Development 2020; 147:dev186999. [PMID: 32439762 DOI: 10.1242/dev.186999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Methylation of histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) is a major epigenetic system associated with gene expression. In mammals there are six H3K4 methyltransferases related to yeast Set1 and fly Trithorax, including two orthologs of fly Trithorax-related: MLL3 and MLL4. Exome sequencing has documented high frequencies of MLL3 and MLL4 mutations in many types of human cancer. Despite this emerging importance, the requirements of these paralogs in mammalian development have only been incompletely reported. Here, we examined the null phenotypes to establish that MLL3 is first required for lung maturation, whereas MLL4 is first required for migration of the anterior visceral endoderm that initiates gastrulation in the mouse. This collective cell migration is preceded by a columnar-to-squamous transition in visceral endoderm cells that depends on MLL4. Furthermore, Mll4 mutants display incompletely penetrant, sex-distorted, embryonic haploinsufficiency and adult heterozygous mutants show aspects of Kabuki syndrome, indicating that MLL4 action, unlike MLL3, is dosage dependent. The highly specific and discordant functions of these paralogs in mouse development argues against their action as general enhancer factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepthi Ashokkumar
- Genomics, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Qinyu Zhang
- Genomics, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Much
- Genomics, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anita S Bledau
- Stem Cell Engineering, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ronald Naumann
- Transgenic Core Facility, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstr. 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dimitra Alexopoulou
- DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Dahl
- DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Neha Goveas
- Genomics, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jun Fu
- Genomics, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Anastassiadis
- Stem Cell Engineering, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Francis Stewart
- Genomics, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstr. 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrea Kranz
- Genomics, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Schwenty-Lara J, Nehl D, Borchers A. The histone methyltransferase KMT2D, mutated in Kabuki syndrome patients, is required for neural crest cell formation and migration. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:305-319. [PMID: 31813957 PMCID: PMC7003132 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Kabuki syndrome is an autosomal dominant developmental disorder with high similarities to CHARGE syndrome. It is characterized by a typical facial gestalt in combination with short stature, intellectual disability, skeletal findings and additional features like cardiac and urogenital malformations, cleft palate, hearing loss and ophthalmological anomalies. The major cause of Kabuki syndrome are mutations in KMT2D, a gene encoding a histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase belonging to the group of chromatin modifiers. Here we provide evidence that Kabuki syndrome is a neurocrestopathy, by showing that Kmt2d loss-of-function inhibits specific steps of neural crest (NC) development. Using the Xenopus model system, we find that Kmt2d loss-of-function recapitulates major features of Kabuki syndrome including severe craniofacial malformations. A detailed marker analysis revealed defects in NC formation as well as migration. Transplantation experiments confirm that Kmt2d function is required in NC cells. Furthermore, analyzing in vivo and in vitro NC migration behavior demonstrates that Kmt2d is necessary for cell dispersion but not protrusion formation of migrating NC cells. Importantly, Kmt2d knockdown correlates with a decrease in H3K4 monomethylation and H3K27 acetylation supporting a role of Kmt2d in the transcriptional activation of target genes. Consistently, using a candidate approach, we find that Kmt2d loss-of-function inhibits Xenopus Sema3F expression, and overexpression of Sema3F can partially rescue Kmt2d loss-of-function defects. Taken together, our data reveal novel functions of Kmt2d in multiple steps of NC development and support the hypothesis that major features of Kabuki syndrome are caused by defects in NC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Schwenty-Lara
- Department of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Denise Nehl
- Department of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Annette Borchers
- Department of Biology, Molecular Embryology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany
- DFG Research Training Group, Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling, GRK 2213, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany
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Carosso GA, Boukas L, Augustin JJ, Nguyen HN, Winer BL, Cannon GH, Robertson JD, Zhang L, Hansen KD, Goff LA, Bjornsson HT. Precocious neuronal differentiation and disrupted oxygen responses in Kabuki syndrome. JCI Insight 2019; 4:129375. [PMID: 31465303 PMCID: PMC6824316 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin modifiers act to coordinate gene expression changes critical to neuronal differentiation from neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs). Lysine-specific methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D) encodes a histone methyltransferase that promotes transcriptional activation and is frequently mutated in cancers and in the majority (>70%) of patients diagnosed with the congenital, multisystem intellectual disability disorder Kabuki syndrome 1 (KS1). Critical roles for KMT2D are established in various non-neural tissues, but the effects of KMT2D loss in brain cell development have not been described. We conducted parallel studies of proliferation, differentiation, transcription, and chromatin profiling in KMT2D-deficient human and mouse models to define KMT2D-regulated functions in neurodevelopmental contexts, including adult-born hippocampal NSPCs in vivo and in vitro. We report cell-autonomous defects in proliferation, cell cycle, and survival, accompanied by early NSPC maturation in several KMT2D-deficient model systems. Transcriptional suppression in KMT2D-deficient cells indicated strong perturbation of hypoxia-responsive metabolism pathways. Functional experiments confirmed abnormalities of cellular hypoxia responses in KMT2D-deficient neural cells and accelerated NSPC maturation in vivo. Together, our findings support a model in which loss of KMT2D function suppresses expression of oxygen-responsive gene programs important to neural progenitor maintenance, resulting in precocious neuronal differentiation in a mouse model of KS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni A. Carosso
- Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine
| | - Leandros Boukas
- Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine
- Department of Biostatistics
| | - Jonathan J. Augustin
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine
- Predoctoral Training Program in Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience
| | | | | | | | | | - Li Zhang
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine
| | - Kasper D. Hansen
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine
- Department of Biostatistics
| | - Loyal A. Goff
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience
| | - Hans T. Bjornsson
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
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9
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Rafehi H, Szmulewicz DJ, Bennett MF, Sobreira NLM, Pope K, Smith KR, Gillies G, Diakumis P, Dolzhenko E, Eberle MA, Barcina MG, Breen DP, Chancellor AM, Cremer PD, Delatycki MB, Fogel BL, Hackett A, Halmagyi GM, Kapetanovic S, Lang A, Mossman S, Mu W, Patrikios P, Perlman SL, Rosemergy I, Storey E, Watson SRD, Wilson MA, Zee DS, Valle D, Amor DJ, Bahlo M, Lockhart PJ. Bioinformatics-Based Identification of Expanded Repeats: A Non-reference Intronic Pentamer Expansion in RFC1 Causes CANVAS. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 105:151-165. [PMID: 31230722 PMCID: PMC6612533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic technologies such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) are revolutionizing molecular diagnostics and clinical medicine. However, these approaches have proven inefficient at identifying pathogenic repeat expansions. Here, we apply a collection of bioinformatics tools that can be utilized to identify either known or novel expanded repeat sequences in NGS data. We performed genetic studies of a cohort of 35 individuals from 22 families with a clinical diagnosis of cerebellar ataxia with neuropathy and bilateral vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS). Analysis of whole-genome sequence (WGS) data with five independent algorithms identified a recessively inherited intronic repeat expansion [(AAGGG)exp] in the gene encoding Replication Factor C1 (RFC1). This motif, not reported in the reference sequence, localized to an Alu element and replaced the reference (AAAAG)11 short tandem repeat. Genetic analyses confirmed the pathogenic expansion in 18 of 22 CANVAS-affected families and identified a core ancestral haplotype, estimated to have arisen in Europe more than twenty-five thousand years ago. WGS of the four RFC1-negative CANVAS-affected families identified plausible variants in three, with genomic re-diagnosis of SCA3, spastic ataxia of the Charlevoix-Saguenay type, and SCA45. This study identified the genetic basis of CANVAS and demonstrated that these improved bioinformatics tools increase the diagnostic utility of WGS to determine the genetic basis of a heterogeneous group of clinically overlapping neurogenetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haloom Rafehi
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - David J Szmulewicz
- Cerebellar Ataxia Clinic, Neuroscience Department, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Balance Disorders and Ataxia Service, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Mark F Bennett
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, 245 Burgundy Street, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Nara L M Sobreira
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kate Pope
- Bruce Lefroy Centre, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Katherine R Smith
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Greta Gillies
- Bruce Lefroy Centre, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Peter Diakumis
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Egor Dolzhenko
- Illumina Inc, 5200 Illumina Way, San Diego, CA 92122, USA
| | | | - María García Barcina
- Genetic Unit, Basurto University Hospital, OSI Bilbao-Basurto, avenida Montevideo 18, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - David P Breen
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, Scotland; Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, Scotland; Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, Scotland
| | - Andrew M Chancellor
- Department of Neurology, Tauranga Hospital, Private Bag, Cameron Road, Tauranga 3171, New Zealand
| | - Phillip D Cremer
- University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; Royal North Shore Hospital, Pacific Hwy, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Martin B Delatycki
- Bruce Lefroy Centre, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Brent L Fogel
- Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anna Hackett
- Hunter Genetics, Hunter New England Health Service, Waratah, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia; University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia
| | - G Michael Halmagyi
- Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Solange Kapetanovic
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de Basurto, Avenida de Montevideo 18, 48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Anthony Lang
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Stuart Mossman
- Department of Neurology, Wellington Hospital, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Weiyi Mu
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Susan L Perlman
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ian Rosemergy
- Department of Neurology, Wellington Hospital, Newtown, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Elsdon Storey
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Hospital Campus, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Shaun R D Watson
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Michael A Wilson
- Bruce Lefroy Centre, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - David S Zee
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - David Valle
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - David J Amor
- Bruce Lefroy Centre, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Paul J Lockhart
- Bruce Lefroy Centre, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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10
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Abstract
Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome with diversified ophthalmological manifestations. We report a case of a boy with bilateral features of Salzmann nodular degeneration (SND) associated with KS. An 18-year-old Caucasian man with KS presented for a second opinion regarding incapacitating photophobia in his right eye, refractory to medical therapy. Biomicroscopy revealed bilateral subepithelial nodules in the midperiphery of the cornea, less extensive in the left eye, consistent with SND. Symptomatic improvement was achieved after superficial keratectomy, manually performed with a blade and adjuvant application of mitomycin C. We report a rare case of a KS patient with SND. Since KS manifestations may vary widely, it is important to perform an early ophthalmological examination for prompt detection and treatment of ocular abnormalities and thus improve life quality in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélia Martins
- Ophthalmology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Andreia Rosa
- Ophthalmology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Murta
- Ophthalmology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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11
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Kerr B, Murphy P, Quinn J. Refractory ITP in a patient with Kabuki syndrome: response to low-dose rituximab. Int J Hematol 2017; 105:702-703. [PMID: 28138864 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-016-2176-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple/blood
- Abnormalities, Multiple/drug therapy
- Abnormalities, Multiple/pathology
- Adolescent
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Face/abnormalities
- Face/pathology
- Female
- Hematologic Diseases/blood
- Hematologic Diseases/complications
- Hematologic Diseases/drug therapy
- Hematologic Diseases/pathology
- Humans
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/blood
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/complications
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/drug therapy
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/pathology
- Rituximab/administration & dosage
- Vestibular Diseases/blood
- Vestibular Diseases/complications
- Vestibular Diseases/drug therapy
- Vestibular Diseases/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Kerr
- Department of Haematology, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont Rd, Dublin 9, Republic of Ireland.
| | - Philip Murphy
- Department of Haematology, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont Rd, Dublin 9, Republic of Ireland
| | - John Quinn
- Department of Haematology, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont Rd, Dublin 9, Republic of Ireland
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12
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The elucidation of the relationship between the morphology of the peripheral nerves and the diseases would be valuable in developing new medical treatments on the assumption that characteristics of the peripheral nerves in females are different from those in males. METHODS We used 13 kinds of the peripheral nerve. The materials were obtained from 10 Japanese female and male cadavers. We performed a morphometric analysis of nerve fibers. We estimated the total number of myelinated axons, and calculated the average transverse area and average circularity ratio of myelinated axons in the peripheral nerves. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in the total number, average transverse area, or average circularity ratio of myelinated axons between the female and male specimens except for the total number of myelinated axons in the vestibular nerve and the average circularity ratio of myelinated axons in the vagus nerve. CONCLUSIONS The lower number of myelinated axons in the female vestibular nerve may be one of the reasons why vestibular disorders have a female preponderance. Moreover, the higher average circularity ratio of myelinated axons in the male vagus nerve may be one reason why vagus nerve activity to modulate pain has a male preponderance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Moriyama
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Hayashi
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Inoue
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Itoh
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naruhito Otsuka
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Visuo-spatial neglect and vestibular disorders have common clinical findings and involve the same cortical areas. We questioned (1) whether visuo-spatial hemineglect is not only a disorder of spatial attention but may also reflect a disorder of higher cortical vestibular function and (2) whether a vestibular tone imbalance due to an acute peripheral dysfunction can also cause symptoms of neglect or extinction. Therefore, patients with an acute unilateral peripheral vestibular failure (VF) were tested for symptoms of hemineglect. METHODS Twenty-eight patients with acute VF were assessed for signs of vestibular deficits and spatial neglect using clinical measures and various common standardized paper-pencil tests. Neglect severity was evaluated further with the Center of Cancellation method. Pathological neglect test scores were correlated with the degree of vestibular dysfunction determined by the subjective visual vertical and caloric testing. RESULTS Three patients showed isolated pathological scores in one or the other neglect test, either ipsilesionally or contralesionally to the VF. None of the patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of spatial hemineglect or extinction. CONCLUSIONS A vestibular tone imbalance due to unilateral failure of the vestibular endorgan does not cause spatial hemineglect, but evidence indicates it causes mild attentional deficits in both visual hemifields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Conrad
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders—IFB (DSGZ), Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Maximilian Habs
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders—IFB (DSGZ), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Brandt
- German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders—IFB (DSGZ), Munich, Germany
- Clinical Neuroscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marianne Dieterich
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders—IFB (DSGZ), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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14
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Zuniga MG, Dinkes RE, Davalos-Bichara M, Carey JP, Schubert MC, King WM, Walston J, Agrawal Y. Association between hearing loss and saccular dysfunction in older individuals. Otol Neurotol 2012; 33:1586-92. [PMID: 23064383 PMCID: PMC3498596 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0b013e31826bedbc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 1) Describe the association between hearing loss and dysfunction of each of the 5 vestibular end-organs--the horizontal, superior, and posterior semicircular canals; saccule; and utricle--in older individuals. 2) Evaluate whether hearing loss and vestibular end-organ deficits share any risk factors. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Academic medical center. PATIENTS Fifty-one individuals age 70 years or older. INTERVENTIONS Audiometry, head-thrust dynamic visual acuity (htDVA), sound-evoked cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP), and tap-evoked ocular VEMP (oVEMP). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Audiometric pure-tone averages (PTA), htDVA LogMAR scores as a measure of semicircular canal function in each canal plane, and cVEMP and oVEMP amplitudes as a measure of saccular and utricular function, respectively. RESULTS We observed a significant correlation between hearing loss at high frequencies and reduced cVEMP amplitudes (or reduced saccular function; r = -0.37, p < 0.0001) in subjects age 70 years or older. In contrast, hearing loss was not associated with oVEMP amplitudes (or utricular function), or htDVA LogMAR scores (or semicircular canal function) in any of the canal planes. Age and noise exposure were significantly associated with measures of both cochlear and saccular dysfunction. CONCLUSION The concomitant decline in the cochlear and saccular function associated with aging may reflect their common embryologic origin in the pars inferior of the labyrinth. Noise exposure seems to be related to both saccular and cochlear dysfunction. These findings suggest a potential benefit of screening individuals with presbycusis-particularly those with significant noise exposure history-for saccular dysfunction, which may contribute to fall risk in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Geraldine Zuniga
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine – Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Baltimore, MD
| | - Roni E. Dinkes
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine – Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Baltimore, MD
| | - Marcela Davalos-Bichara
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine – Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Baltimore, MD
| | - John P. Carey
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine – Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michael C. Schubert
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine – Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Baltimore, MD
| | - W. Michael King
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor – Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Michigan
| | - Jeremy Walston
- Center on Aging and Health, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yuri Agrawal
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine – Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Baltimore, MD
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15
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Khan HA. N-nitro-L-arginine, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, aggravates iminodipropionitrile-induced neurobehavioral and vestibular toxicities in rats. Exp Toxicol Pathol 2012; 64:791-6. [PMID: 21388795 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2011.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) to rodents produces permanent behavioral syndrome characterized by repetitive head movements, circling and back walking. Other synthetic nitriles of industrial importance such as crotonitrile and allylnitrile are also able to produce similar motor deficits in experimental animals. However, due to the well-defined behavioral deficits and their easy quantification, IDPN-induced behavioral syndrome is a preferential animal model to test the interaction of various agents with synthetic nitriles. This study reports the effect of non-specific nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine (NARG) on IDPN-induced neurobehavioral toxicity in adult male Wistar rats. Four groups of animals were given i.p. injections of IDPN (100 mg/kg) for 6 days. These rats were treated with oral administration of NARG in the doses of 0 (IDPN alone group), 50, 150 and 300 mg/kg, 60 min before IDPN, respectively. Control rats received vehicle only, whereas another group was treated with 300 mg/kg of NARG alone (without IDPN). The results showed that NARG significantly exacerbated the incidence and intensity of IDPN-induced dyskinetic head movements, circling and back walking. The histology of inner ear showed massive degeneration of the sensory hair cells in the crista ampullaris of rats receiving the combined treatment with IDPN and NARG, suggesting a possible role of nitric oxide in IDPN-induced neurobehavioral syndrome in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haseeb Ahmad Khan
- Analytical and Molecular Bioscience Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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16
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Saldaña-Ruíz S, Hernández-Mir G, Sedó-Cabezón L, Cutillas B, Llorens J. Vestibular toxicity of cis-2-pentenenitrile in the rat. Toxicol Lett 2012; 211:281-8. [PMID: 22546275 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
cis-2-Pentenenitrile, an intermediate in the synthesis of nylon and other products, causes permanent behavioral deficits in rodents. Other low molecular weight nitriles cause degeneration either of the vestibular sensory hair cells or of selected neuronal populations in the brain. Adult male Long-Evans rats were exposed to cis-2-pentenenitrile (0, 1.25, 1.50, 1.75, or 2.0mmol/kg, oral, in corn oil) and assessed for changes in open field activity and rating scores in a test battery for vestibular dysfunction. Surface preparations of the vestibular sensory epithelia were observed for hair cell loss using scanning electron microscopy. A separate experiment examined the impact of pre-treatment with the universal CYP inhibitor,1-aminobenzotriazole, on the effect of cis-2-pentenenitrile on vestibular rating scores. The occurrence of degenerating neurons in the central nervous system was assessed by Fluoro-Jade C staining. cis-2-Pentenenitrile had a dose-dependent effect on body weight. Rats receiving 1.50mmol/kg or more of cis-2-pentenenitrile displayed reduced rearing activity in the open field and increased rating scores on the vestibular dysfunction test battery. Hair cell loss was observed in the vestibular sensory epithelia and correlated well with the behavioral deficits. Pre-treatment with 1-aminobenzotriazole blocked the behavioral effect. Fluoro-Jade C staining did not reveal significant neuronal degeneration in the central nervous system apart from neurite labeling in the olfactory glomeruli. We conclude that cis-2-pentenenitrile causes vestibular toxicity in a similar way to allylnitrile, cis-crotononitrile and 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN), and also shares other targets such as the olfactory system with these other nitriles. The present data also suggest that CYP-mediated bioactivation is involved in cis-2-pentenenitrile toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Saldaña-Ruíz
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Universitat de Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat-Catalunya, Spain
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17
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dilated ventricles and gait disturbances are common in the elderly, and these are also features of the treatable syndrome idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH). Many studies report an association between hypertension, vascular disease and INPH. The objective of this study was to study the frequency of ventriculomegaly, with or without hydrocephalic symptoms, in patients who had suffered from a transitory ischaemic attack (TIA). METHODS Gait, Romberg sign, tandem standing and one-leg stance were consecutively evaluated in elderly > 24 h after a TIA. Ventricular size, white matter lesions and atrophy were assessed on computed tomography scans. Exclusion criteria were conditions possibly influencing the balance tests. RESULTS eventy-six patients with TIA out of 105 were included. Ventriculomegaly [Evans Index (EI) > 0.30] was observed in 19.7% and very large ventricles (EI > 0.33) in 7.9%. Ventriculomegaly was found in 58% of the patients with a previous 'history of balance or gait disturbance', but only in 12% of those without any prior disturbance (chi-square test; P = 0.0009). Three out of 76 patients with TIA (3.9%) fulfilled both radiological and clinical criteria for 'possible INPH'. CONCLUSION Ventriculomegaly is a common finding in elderly. One out of 20 patients with TIA may suffer from INPH, existing before and independent of the TIA diagnosis. Therefore, patients presenting with ventriculomegaly and gait/balance disturbances not attributable to other causes should be referred to a hydrocephalus centre or a neurologist with special interest in INPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Israelsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Sweden.
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18
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Kitahara T, Maekawa C, Kizawa K, Kamakura T, Horii A, Inohara H. Endolymphatic sac tumor with overexpression of V2 receptor mRNA and inner ear hydrops. Acta Otolaryngol 2011; 131:951-7. [PMID: 21574774 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2011.580004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION We reported previously that hyperactivation of vasopressin type-2 receptor (V2R)-mediated signaling in the endolymphatic sac could affect endolymphatic fluid metabolism, resulting in the pathogenesis of endolymphatic hydrops. Taken together with the present endolymphatic sac tumor (ELST) study, it is suggested that disorder of V2R signaling in the endolymphatic sac for any reason could be involved in the pathogenesis of endolymphatic hydrops. Although it is due to tumor genesis in ELST, it is idiopathic in nature in Meniere's disease. OBJECTIVE We encountered two cases of ELST showing Meniere's disease-like symptoms. Both cases were suspected of having endolymphatic hydrops using neuro-otological examinations. To clarify the histopathological diagnosis of ELST and the molecular pathogenesis of endolymphatic hydrops, we performed histopathological and molecular biological examinations of the endolymphatic sac. METHODS ELSTs in two rare cases were removed completely through the transmastoidal approach. V2R mRNA expression was examined using real-time PCR. RESULTS The first case was diagnosed as inflammatory granulation adjacent to the endolymphatic sac, i.e. pseudo-ELST, and the second case was diagnosed as papillary adenoma of ELST. V2R mRNA expression was up-regulated in the endolymphatic sac of both cases as seen in Meniere's disease compared with controls.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoma/diagnosis
- Adenoma/genetics
- Adenoma/pathology
- Adenoma/surgery
- Adult
- Audiometry, Pure-Tone
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Ear Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Ear Neoplasms/genetics
- Ear Neoplasms/pathology
- Ear Neoplasms/surgery
- Endolymphatic Hydrops/diagnosis
- Endolymphatic Hydrops/genetics
- Endolymphatic Hydrops/pathology
- Endolymphatic Hydrops/surgery
- Endolymphatic Sac/pathology
- Endolymphatic Sac/surgery
- Female
- Gene Expression/physiology
- Granuloma, Plasma Cell/diagnosis
- Granuloma, Plasma Cell/genetics
- Granuloma, Plasma Cell/pathology
- Granuloma, Plasma Cell/surgery
- Humans
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Male
- Mastoid/surgery
- Meniere Disease/diagnosis
- Meniere Disease/genetics
- Meniere Disease/pathology
- Meniere Disease/surgery
- Middle Aged
- Neuroma, Acoustic/diagnosis
- Neuroma, Acoustic/genetics
- Neuroma, Acoustic/pathology
- Neuroma, Acoustic/surgery
- Neurophysins/genetics
- Protein Precursors/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
- Vasopressins/genetics
- Vestibular Diseases/diagnosis
- Vestibular Diseases/genetics
- Vestibular Diseases/pathology
- Vestibular Diseases/surgery
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Kitahara
- Department of Otolaryngology, Osaka University, School of Medicine, Japan.
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19
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Casanova M, Selicorni A, Ferrari A. Cancer predisposition in children with Kabuki syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 155A:1504. [PMID: 21548020 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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Bradshaw AP, Curthoys IS, Todd MJ, Magnussen JS, Taubman DS, Aw ST, Halmagyi GM. A mathematical model of human semicircular canal geometry: a new basis for interpreting vestibular physiology. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2010; 11:145-59. [PMID: 19949828 PMCID: PMC2862918 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-009-0195-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a precise, simple, and accessible method of mathematically measuring and modeling the three-dimensional (3D) geometry of semicircular canals (SCCs) in living humans. Knowledge of this geometry helps understand the development and physiology of SCC stimulation. We developed a framework of robust techniques that automatically and accurately reconstruct SCC geometry from computed tomography (CT) images and are directly validated using micro-CT as ground truth. This framework measures the 3D centroid paths of the bony SCCs allowing direct comparison and analysis between ears within and between subjects. An average set of SCC morphology is calculated from 34 human ears, within which other geometrical attributes such as nonplanarity, radius of curvature, and inter-SCC angle are examined, with a focus on physiological implications. These measurements have also been used to critically evaluate plane fitting techniques that reconcile many of the discrepancies in current SCC plane studies. Finally, we mathematically model SCC geometry using Fourier series equations. This work has the potential to reinterpret physiology and pathophysiology in terms of real individual 3D morphology.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear/diagnostic imaging
- Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear/pathology
- Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear/physiopathology
- Female
- Hearing Loss, Conductive/diagnostic imaging
- Hearing Loss, Conductive/pathology
- Hearing Loss, Conductive/physiopathology
- Humans
- Imaging, Three-Dimensional
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Models, Biological
- Reproducibility of Results
- Semicircular Canals/anatomy & histology
- Semicircular Canals/diagnostic imaging
- Semicircular Canals/physiology
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed/standards
- Vertigo/diagnostic imaging
- Vertigo/pathology
- Vertigo/physiopathology
- Vestibular Diseases/diagnostic imaging
- Vestibular Diseases/pathology
- Vestibular Diseases/physiopathology
- Vestibule, Labyrinth/anatomy & histology
- Vestibule, Labyrinth/diagnostic imaging
- Vestibule, Labyrinth/physiology
- X-Ray Microtomography/standards
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. Bradshaw
- School of Electrical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian S. Curthoys
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael J. Todd
- Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - John S. Magnussen
- Radiology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - David S. Taubman
- School of Electrical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Swee T. Aw
- Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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21
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Chauhan NB, Gatto R, Chauhan MB. Neuroanatomical correlation of behavioral deficits in the CCI model of TBI. J Neurosci Methods 2010; 190:1-9. [PMID: 20385166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Revised: 04/03/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability both in combat and civilian situations with limited treatment options including surgical removal of hematoma, ventricular drainage and use of hyperosmotic agents that restrict secondary injury following TBI. Availability of appropriate model system with full-range characterization of anatomical and behavioral components correlative with brain injury provides a pre-clinical platform to test candidate therapies for clinical translation. Modeling of TBI using controlled cortical impact injury (CCI) is largely considered to be close to clinical TBI and hence CCI models have been widely used in pre-clinical TBI research. Most studies reported so far using CCI models were presented with a limited behavioral characterization and lacked its correlation with the signature histopathology of TBI. Current investigation validated a detailed sensomotor and cognitive behavioral characterization correlative with diffuse axonal injury-the signature histopathology of TBI, in the CCI mouse model of TBI. Present study offers a comprehensively characterized model of TBI that can be used to investigate cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying TBI and to test candidate therapies in developing novel and effective treatments for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelima B Chauhan
- Research & Development, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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22
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Lee KJ, Kirsch CFE, Lai C, Ishiyama A. Endolymphatic sac tumor presenting with Ménière's disease. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2010; 142:915-6. [PMID: 20493370 DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2009.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2009] [Revised: 10/31/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Lee
- Department of Surgery, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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23
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Llorens J, Soler-Martín C, Cutillas B, Saldaña-Ruíz S. Nervous and vestibular toxicities of acrylonitrile and iminodipropionitrile. Toxicol Sci 2009; 110:244-5; author reply 246-8. [PMID: 19403855 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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24
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He LY, Dong WW, Huang W, Luo Y, Lü FJ. [Clinical manifestations and imaging features of peripheral vestibular paroxysmia: a report of 7 cases]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2009; 89:909-911. [PMID: 19671293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical manifestations and imaging features of peripheral vestibular paroxysmal (PVP). METHODS The clinical data, including magnetic resonance tomographic angiography (MRTA), of 7 PVP patients, 1 male and 2 females, aged 40-72, were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS (1) All 7 patients had non-specific cochleovestibular symptoms, e.g., recurrent vertigo and continuous dizziness. (2) The predominant symptom was transient vertigo or dizziness with the sudden change of head position. (3) MRTA showed cross of the cochleovestibular nerve (CNV) and blood vessel in all patients. (4) Carbamazepine and sibelium succeeded to relieve the symptoms. CONCLUSION Compression of the cranial nerve VIII by crossing vessel thereon may be the mechanism of PVP which can be identified and diagnosed clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-ying He
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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25
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Nolte KW, Hans VJ, Schattenfroh C, Weis J, Schröder JM. Perineurial cells filled with collagen in 'atypical' Cogan's syndrome. Acta Neuropathol 2008; 115:589-96. [PMID: 17885761 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-007-0290-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2007] [Revised: 08/20/2007] [Accepted: 08/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cogan's syndrome is a rare clinical entity characterized by non-infectious interstitial keratitis with vestibuloauditory dysfunction. The clinical course is extremely variable. In the majority of patients, there appears to be an underlying systemic process, often a "vasculitis". We were able to study for the first time a sural nerve biopsy of a 38-year-old female with clinically suggested Cogan's syndrome associated with a severe multiplex type of neuropathy. There were unusual cells in or below the perineurium and along perineurial extensions into the endoneurium which were usually associated with blood vessels and which have thus far not been described in association with any type of peripheral neuropathy. The unusual cells were identified as perineurial cells because (1) they were frequently associated with the perineurium and its endoneurial extensions; (2) they were immunoreactive for antibodies against epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) but did not react with antibodies against protein S100, GFAP, and CD 68; and (3) they showed focally accumulated pinocytotic vesicles and hemidesmosomes. Some of these cells were clearly immunoreactive with antibodies against collagen VI. Electron microscopic examination revealed numerous intracellular bundles of collagen fibers which were surrounded by an amorphous basal lamina-like material, indicating that they were located within intracellular projections of the surface membrane. The number of myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers was severely reduced corresponding to the clinical manifestation of the neuropathy and to the atrophy, especially of the distal arm and leg muscles. It is concluded that the changes were caused by a special type of autoimmune reaction involving blood vessels and perineurial cells of peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay W Nolte
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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26
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Meza G, Aguilar-Maldonado B. Streptomycin action to the mammalian inner ear vestibular organs: comparison between pigmented guinea pigs and rats. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2007; 146:203-206. [PMID: 17011831 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2006] [Revised: 08/25/2006] [Accepted: 08/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Streptomycin is the antibiotic of choice to treat tuberculosis and other infectious diseases but it causes vestibular malfunction and hipoacusia. Rodents are usually employed as models of drug action to the inner ear and results are extrapolated to what happens in humans. In rats, streptomycin destroys macular sensory cells and does not affect cochlear ones, whereas in guinea pigs the contrary is true. Action on the vestibular cristae cells involved in vestibulo-ocular reflex integrity is less clear. Thus, we compared this response in both pigmented guinea pigs (Cavia cobaya) and rats (Rattus norvegicus) after parallel streptomycin chronic treatment. In guinea pigs, the reflex was obliterated along treatment time; in rats this behavior was not observed, suggesting that the end organ target was diverse. In recent studies, streptidine, a streptomycin derivative found in the blood of humans and rats treated with streptomycin, was the actual ototoxic agent. The putative streptomycin vestibular organ target observed in humans corresponds with the guinea pig observations. Results observed in rats are controversial: streptidine did not cause any damage either to vestibular cristae nor auditory cells. We hypothesize differential drug metabolism and distribution and conclude that results in laboratory animals may not always be applicable in the human situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Meza
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., Mexico.
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27
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Diensthuber M, Ilner T, Rodt T, Samii M, Brandis A, Lenarz T, Stöver T. Erythropoietin and Erythropoietin Receptor Expression in Vestibular Schwannoma. Otol Neurotol 2007; 28:559-65. [PMID: 17429338 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0b013e3180423b05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha, erythropoietin (Epo), Epo receptor (EpoR), and bcl-2 are expressed in both sporadic unilateral vestibular schwannomas (VSs) and those associated with neurofibromatosis Type 2, and the expression data correlate with clinicopathological tumor features including microvessel density and Ki-67-labeling index. BACKGROUND Erythropoietin expression is regulated by the transcription factor, HIF-1alpha. Erythropoietin signaling via EpoR results in stimulation of cell proliferation and elevated expression of the antiapoptotic protein, bcl-2, and then inhibition of apoptosis. Erythropoietin has been shown to be associated with Schwann cell proliferation, and a recent report suggested a role in VS growth. METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis of HIF-1alpha, Epo, EpoR, and bcl-2 was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded archival surgical specimens. Microvessel density and Ki-67-labeling index of VS were analyzed and correlated with the immunoreactivity pattern of the examined factors. RESULTS Immunoreactivity data demonstrate robust protein expression for HIF-1alpha, Epo, EpoR, and bcl-2 in VS. Sixty-six percent of the cases showed Epo expression, and EpoR was found in 85% of tumor samples. A significantly positive correlation of the immunoreactivity scores of Epo/EpoR and bcl-2 expression could be noted. In case of tumor specimens with high levels of HIF-1alpha expression, a significantly higher Ki-67-labeling index was observed. There was no correlation between the expression of HIF-1alpha, Epo, EpoR, and bcl-2 and microvessel density, tumor size, sex, and age. CONCLUSION Expression of Epo and EpoR might suggest a functional role in VS biology. The observed correlation of Epo/EpoR and bcl-2 expression levels may suggest a proliferative and antiapoptotic role of the Epo/EpoR system in VS.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Capillaries/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- Disease Progression
- Ear Neoplasms/genetics
- Ear Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ear Neoplasms/pathology
- Erythropoietin/biosynthesis
- Erythropoietin/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/physiology
- Genes, bcl-2/genetics
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Immunohistochemistry
- Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism
- Male
- Microsurgery
- Middle Aged
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Neuroma, Acoustic/genetics
- Neuroma, Acoustic/metabolism
- Neuroma, Acoustic/pathology
- Receptors, Erythropoietin/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Erythropoietin/genetics
- Vestibular Diseases/genetics
- Vestibular Diseases/metabolism
- Vestibular Diseases/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Diensthuber
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Hannover, Germany.
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- H-S Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Chungnam University Hospitals 640, Daesa-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301-721, Korea
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29
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Abstract
Dizziness or vertigo is an erroneous perception of selfmotion or object-motion as well as an unpleasant distortion of static gravitational orientation. It is caused by a mismatch between the vestibular, visual, and somatosensory systems. Thanks to their functional overlap, the three systems are able to compensate, in part, for each other's deficiencies. Thus, vertigo is not a well-defined disease entity, but rather a multisensory syndrome that results when there is a pathological dysfunction of any of the stabilizing sensory systems (e.g., central vestibular disorders, peripheral vestibular diseases with asymmetric input into the vestibular nuclei). This article provides an overview of the most important and frequent forms of central vestibular vertigo syndromes, including basilar/vestibular migraine, which are characterized by ocular motor, postural, and perceptual signs. In a simple clinical classification they can be separated according to the three major planes of action of the vestibulo-ocular reflex: yaw, roll, and pitch. A tonic imbalance in yaw is characterized by horizontal nystagmus, lateropulsion of the eyes, past-pointing, rotational and lateral body falls, and lateral deviation of the perceived straight-ahead. A tonic imbalance in roll is defined by torsional nystagmus, skew deviation, ocular torsion, tilts of head, body, and the perceived vertical. Finally, a tonic imbalance in pitch can be characterized by some forms of upbeat or downbeat nystagmus, fore-aft tilts and falls, and vertical deviation of the perceived straight ahead. The thus defined syndromes allow for a precise topographic diagnosis as regards their level and side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Dieterich
- Dept. of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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30
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Abstract
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a common vestibular disorder that results in brief periods of vertigo and nystagmus, when the head is tipped relative to gravity. Symptoms are commonly attributed to the pathological presence of heavy calcium carbonate particles within the lumen of the semicircular canal(s)-a condition termed canalithiasis. In the present work, we induced canalithiasis in an animal model (oyster toadfish, Opsanus tau) by introducing heavy glass microbeads into the lumen of the lateral semicircular canal. Bead movement under the action of gravity and canal afferent nerve discharge were recorded in vivo. When the head was oriented nose-down, beads moved toward the nose and the lateral canal afferent discharge rate increased. Afferents that normally encoded angular velocity during oscillatory head rotations responded with tonic increases in the discharge rate during gravity-dependent bead movement. Other afferents, such as the units that rapidly adapt to a step increase in angular head velocity, responded with an initial increase in discharge rate followed by a period of adaptation. Afferent responses occurred in the complete absence of head movement and quantify the pathological inputs to the brain that arise from canalithiasis. The magnitude and time course of the responses reported here are sufficient to explain the symptoms of BPPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhrud M Rajguru
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, 20 South 2030 East, Rm. 506, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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31
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Abstract
BACKGROUND With the exception of myxedema coma, central nervous system signs are rare in hypothyroid dogs. HYPOTHESIS Central vestibular dysfunction is a possible and reversible manifestation of hypothyroidism. ANIMALS Medical records of dogs with vestibular dysfunction and hypothyroidism were reviewed. Of 113 records identified, 10 dogs with at least 2 concurrent clinical neurologic abnormalities localizable to the central vestibular system were included. METHODS Retrospective, descriptive study. RESULTS Median age at diagnosis was 7 years (range, 5-10 years). All dogs were referred for progressive neurologic disease. Lesions were localized to the myelencephalic region in 5 dogs and to the vestibulocerebellum in 5 dogs. Two dogs had evidence of multifocal intracranial disease. Non-neurologic physical abnormalities suggestive of hypothyroidism were absent in 7 of 10 dogs. Hypercholesterolemia was the only consistent clinicopathologic abnormality detected, and was present in 7 of 10 dogs. All dogs had total thyroxine (TT4) and free thyroxine (fT4) concentrations below reference ranges, and 9 of 10 had increased TSH concentrations. Intracranial imaging studies were normal in 5 of 8 dogs, and identified lesions consistent with infarctions in 3 of 8 dogs. Albuminocytologic dissociation was detected in 5 of 6 CSF analyses. Brainstem auditory-evoked responses disclosed prolonged wave V latencies in 3 of 4 dogs tested. No other causes of central vestibular dysfunction were identified during other diagnostic investigations. The median time from initiation of treatment to clinical improvement was 4 days. Vestibular signs resolved in 9 of 10 dogs within 4 weeks. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Although the pathogenesis in dogs without evidence of infarction is unknown, central vestibular dysfunction appears to be a rare but reversible neurologic sequelae of hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Higgins
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Hüfner K, Hamilton DA, Kalla R, Stephan T, Glasauer S, Ma J, Brüning R, Markowitsch HJ, Labudda K, Schichor C, Strupp M, Brandt T. Spatial memory and hippocampal volume in humans with unilateral vestibular deafferentation. Hippocampus 2007; 17:471-85. [PMID: 17397043 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.20283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Patients with acquired chronic bilateral vestibular loss were recently found to have a significant impairment in spatial memory and navigation when tested with a virtual Morris water task. These deficits were associated with selective and bilateral atrophy of the hippocampus, which suggests that spatial memory and navigation also rely on vestibular input. In the present study 16 patients with unilateral vestibular deafferentation due to acoustic neurinoma were examined 5- to 13-yrs post-surgery. Volumetry of the hippocampus was performed in patients and age- and sex-matched healthy controls by manually tracing the structure and by an evaluator-independent voxel-based morphometry. Spatial memory and navigation were assessed with a virtual Morris water task. No significant deficits in spatial memory and navigation could be demonstrated in the patients with left vestibular failure, whereas patients with right vestibular loss showed a tendency to perform worse on the respective tests. Impairment was significant only for one computed measure (heading error). The subtle deficiencies with right vestibular loss are compatible with the recently described dominance of the right labyrinth and the vestibular cortex in the right hemisphere. Volumetry did not reveal any atrophy of the hippocampus in either patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Hüfner
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
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Li F, Yang B, Wang H. [Nasal vestibular cyst: a report of forty two cases and investigation of its pathogenesis]. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2007; 21:82-3. [PMID: 17438851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the pathogenesis of nasal vestibular cyst. METHOD Forty two case of nasal vestibular cyst were retrospectively analyzed, including clinical manifestation, pathological findings, surgical therapy efficacy. RESULT Of these 42 cases of the type of lining epithelia, pseudostratified columnar epithelium was identified in 24 cases, stratified squamous epithelium in five cases, simple cuboidal epithelium in five cases, and two kinds of above mentioned epithelia in eight cases. Goblet cells were present in 23 cases. Surgical excision was performed via the labiogingival groove approach for all patients. The duration of follow-up ranged from 6 months to 10 years. No postoperative recurrences were found. CONCLUSION The abnormal development of nasolacrimal duct systems may take an important role in the pathogenesis of nasal vestibular cyst. According to this, we considered the total excision via the sublabial approach is more reasonable surgery than endoscopic marsupialization, but it is need further observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujun Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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34
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Santagata S, Kesari S, Black PM, Chan JA. Anaplastic variant of medulloblastoma mimicking a vestibular schwannoma. J Neurooncol 2006; 81:49-51. [PMID: 17146596 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-006-9235-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2006] [Accepted: 08/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Santagata
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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35
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Soler-Martín C, Díez-Padrisa N, Boadas-Vaello P, Llorens J. Behavioral Disturbances and Hair Cell Loss in the Inner Ear Following Nitrile Exposure in Mice, Guinea Pigs, and Frogs. Toxicol Sci 2006; 96:123-32. [PMID: 17159233 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfl186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several nitriles have been demonstrated to cause hair cell loss in the inner ear of the rat, but the susceptibility of other species to this toxic effect has not been investigated. Adult male Swiss mice were administered (po) control vehicle, cis-crotononitrile (2.75 mmol/kg), or 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN, at 8, 16, and 24 mmol/kg), and the changes in vestibular function were assessed by behavioral endpoints. In addition, surface preparations of the vestibular sensory epithelia were examined for hair cell loss using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). IDPN, in a dose-dependent manner, and cis-crotononitrile induced both vestibular dysfunction and loss of hair bundles. Male Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs were administered IDPN (0, 1.6, 2.4, or 3.2 mmol/kg, ip), and their vestibular and auditory sensory epithelia were examined by SEM. The guinea pigs developed behavioral abnormalities indicative of vestibular dysfunction, with more overt effects observed in the animals treated with larger doses, and displayed a dose-dependent loss of hair bundles in both the vestibular and the auditory epithelia. Frogs (Rana perezi) were administered IDPN (0, 16, 24, or 32 mmol/kg, ip), and their sensory epithelia in the inner ear were examined by SEM. IDPN caused behavioral abnormalities indicative of vestibular dysfunction and loss of hair bundles. We conclude that some nitriles are thorough ototoxic compounds affecting hair cells in a wide range of species. This conclusion highlights the potential interest of this toxic effect and offers new animal models in which to decipher its basis.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Ear, Inner/drug effects
- Ear, Inner/ultrastructure
- Guinea Pigs
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner/drug effects
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner/ultrastructure
- Male
- Mice
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Motor Activity/drug effects
- Nitriles/administration & dosage
- Nitriles/toxicity
- Ranidae
- Time Factors
- Vestibular Diseases/chemically induced
- Vestibular Diseases/pathology
- Vestibular Diseases/psychology
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Soler-Martín
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II-Universitat de Barcelona and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
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36
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Saxon DW, White G. Episodic vestibular disruption following ablation of the inferior olive in rats: Behavioral correlates. Behav Brain Res 2006; 175:128-38. [PMID: 16979764 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2006.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2006] [Revised: 08/11/2006] [Accepted: 08/12/2006] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The experiments herein investigate whether the behavioral responses to transient and episodic vestibular disruption and permanent ablation are distinct in the absence of climbing fiber input. Subjects in group 1 received an IP injection of PBS followed by an IP injection of niacinamide. Seven days later these rats received the first of 3 serial transtympanic injections of TTX on the same side with 7 days between each injection. Following each TTX injection rats displayed unilateral vestibular symptoms that persisted beyond 48h. Spontaneous barrel rolling behavior was not observed. Group 2 subjects received an IP injection of 3-acetylpyridine (3-AP)+niacinamide followed by the same TTX regimen as group 1. Following each TTX injection vestibular symptoms (severe body twisting and persistent spontaneous barrel rolling) emerged rapidly (<15min) and resolved by 72h. Group 3 subjects received an IP injection of 3-AP+niacinamide and 7 days later a single unilateral transtympanic injection of sodium arsanilate. Rats in group 3 developed vestibular symptoms similar to those observed in group 2 although there was no resolution of these symptoms. The results indicate that TTX has a rapid rate of infiltration and blockade of the VIIIth nerve that persists for >48h and then completely resolves. The contrast in vestibular symptoms between groups 1 and 2 suggest that climbing fibers are recruited soon after onset of vestibular disruption and play a role in attenuating the severity of vestibular symptoms associated with transient/episodic vestibular disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale W Saxon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Evansville Center for Medical Education, 8600 University Blvd., Evansville, IN 47712, United States.
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Ishida IM, Sugiura M, Nakashima T, Naganawa S, Sato E, Sugiura J, Yoshino T. Lateral Semicircular Canal and Vertigo in Patients With Large Vestibular Aqueduct Syndrome. Otol Neurotol 2006; 27:788-92. [PMID: 16885784 DOI: 10.1097/01.mao.0000231596.87842.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the hypothesis that there are differences in the morphology of the lateral semicircular canal (LSCC) between patients with large vestibular aqueduct syndrome (LVAS) and control subjects and to investigate the clinical implications of these differences. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case review. SETTING Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS Nine patients (two male patients and seven female patients; age range, 8-54 yr) with LVAS (one patient had unilateral LVAS, and eight patients had bilateral LVAS). Five patients had vertigo, and four patients, including the one with unilateral LVAS, did not have vertigo. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The area of the LSCC was traced on the magnetic resonance imaging console and compared between LVAS patients and 12 control subjects who did not have sensorineural hearing loss. The LSCC fluid-containing area was divided by the sum of the LSCC inner area and the LSCC fluid-containing area for evaluation of the degree of the LSCC dysplasia. RESULTS The LSCC fluid-containing ratio was significantly larger in LVAS patients than in control subjects. Moreover, the LSCC fluid-containing ratio was significantly larger in the eight ears with vertigo than in the nine ears without vertigo. There was no relationship between hearing level and the LSCC fluid-containing ratio. CONCLUSION Patients with LVAS may have disturbed morphogenesis of both membranous and bony labyrinths. Our results reveal that the morphology of semicircular canals is clinically associated with vertigo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieda Maria Ishida
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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Abstract
The hippocampus has a major role in memory for spatial location. Theta is a rhythmic hippocampal EEG oscillation that occurs at approximately 8 Hz during voluntary movement and that may have some role in encoding spatial information. We investigated whether, as part of this process, theta might be influenced by self-movement signals provided by the vestibular system. The effects of bilateral peripheral vestibular lesions, made > or = 60 days prior to recording, were assessed in freely moving rats. Power spectral analysis revealed that theta in the lesioned animals had a lower power and frequency compared with that recorded in the control animals. When the electroencephalography (EEG) was compared in epochs matched for speed of movement and acceleration, theta was less rhythmic in the lesioned group, indicating that the effect was not a result of between-group differences in this behavior. Blood measurements of corticosterone were also similar in the two groups indicating that the results could not be attributed to changes in stress levels. Despite the changes in theta EEG, individual neurons in the CA1 region of lesioned animals continued to fire with a periodicity of approximately 8 Hz. The positive correlation between cell firing rate and movement velocity that is observed in CA1 neurons of normal animals was also maintained in cells recorded from lesion group animals. These findings indicate that although vestibular signals may contribute to theta rhythm generation, velocity-related firing in hippocampal neurons is dependent on nonvestibular signals such as sensory flow, proprioception, or motor efference copy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah A Russell
- Department of Psychology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Robertson NG, Cremers CWRJ, Huygen PLM, Ikezono T, Krastins B, Kremer H, Kuo SF, Liberman MC, Merchant SN, Miller CE, Nadol JB, Sarracino DA, Verhagen WIM, Morton CC. Cochlin immunostaining of inner ear pathologic deposits and proteomic analysis in DFNA9 deafness and vestibular dysfunction. Hum Mol Genet 2006; 15:1071-85. [PMID: 16481359 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddl022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven missense mutations and one in-frame deletion mutation have been reported in the coagulation factor C homology (COCH) gene, causing the adult-onset, progressive sensorineural hearing loss and vestibular disorder at the DFNA9 locus. Prevalence of COCH mutations worldwide is unknown, as there is no systematic screening effort for late-onset hearing disorders; however, to date, COCH mutations have been found on four continents and the possibility of COCH playing an important role in presbycusis and disorders of imbalance has been considered. Cochlin (encoded by COCH) has also been shown as a major target antigen for autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss. In this report, we present histopathology, immunohistochemistry and proteomic analyses of inner ear tissues from post-mortem DFNA9 temporal bone samples of an individual from a large Dutch kindred segregating the P51S mutation and adult human unaffected controls, and wild-type (+/+) and Coch null (-/-) knock-out mice. DFNA9 is an inner ear disorder with a unique histopathology showing loss of cellularity and aggregation of abundant homogeneous acellular eosinophilic deposits in the cochlear and vestibular labyrinths, similar to protein aggregation in well-known neurodegenerative disorders. By immunohistochemistry on the DFNA9 temporal bone sections, we have shown cochlin staining of the characteristic cochlear and vestibular deposits, indicating aggregation of cochlin in the same structures in which it is normally expressed. Proteomic analysis identified cochlin as the most abundant protein in mouse and human cochleae. The high-level expression and stability of cochlin in the inner ear, even in the absence and severe atrophy of the fibrocytes that normally express COCH, are shown through these studies and further elucidate the pathobiologic events occurring in DFNA9 leading to hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid G Robertson
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Dai P, Han D, Cao J, Zhai S, Kang D, Liu X, Yuan H, Zhang X, Li M, Liu L, Feng B, Yang W, Wu B. [Genotypic analysis of familial dilated vestibular aqueduct syndrome]. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi 2006; 20:147-50. [PMID: 16711435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze clinical manifestation of patients from two families with dilated vestibular aqueduct syndrome (DVAS). Their genotypic patterns were discriminated with the genetic testing methods for PDS gene. METHOD The twin sisters from pedigree and the brother and sister from pedigree 2 all suffered from sensorineural hearing loss. All patients from these two families were confirmed to have enlarged vestibular aqueduct by temporal bone CT scan. Exon 7+8 and their flanking area sequences were analyzed by direct sequencing. All other exons and their flanking sequences were screened by DHPLC. The amplicons of exons which showed abnormal DHPLC wave pattern were further sequenced. RESULT The parents of two families are non-consanguineous, hearing normal couples with no other family members with hearing loss. Both families have two offspring with DVAS. The clinical features of all patients were progressive hearing loss, good communication ability but with thickness pronunciation. Both twin sisters from pedigree are homozygous for the splice site mutation (IVS 7-2 A-G) affecting the 3 splice site consensus sequence of intron 7. The brother and sister of pedigree 2 are compound heterozygotes for 1199 ins T mutation and a missense mutation (1229 C-T). CONCLUSION Familial DVLS is typical hereditary disease. The patients with DVLS have similar clinical manifestation and the same genotypic changes in PDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Dai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otorhinolaryngol Institute, Genetic Testing Center for Deafness, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
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Abstract
Two patients with unprovoked drop attacks were found to have dehiscence of the superior semicircular canal on CT of the temporal bone. Both had conductive hearing loss, preservation of stapedius reflex, and abnormal vestibular evoked myogenic potentials. Neither had sound- or pressure-induced nystagmus. Repair of the dehiscence in one case stopped the drop attacks, supporting a causal relationship between the dehiscence and the drop attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krister Brantberg
- Department of Audiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Zhang D, Lu H, Xu O, Lü Z, Zhang Y, Wang W. [The application of the magnetic resonance hydrography of inner ear in diagnosing large vestibular aqueduct syndrome]. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi 2006; 20:9-10. [PMID: 16548147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of the magnetic resonance hydrography of inner ear technique in diagnosing large vestibular aqueduct syndrome. METHOD 3D-Fast Advanced Spin Echo MR imaging was performed on the petrosal bone of the patient who suffered from large vestibular aqueduct syndrome(LVAS). Then all the original images were transferred to an online workstation and underwent image postprocessing. The 3D images of the inner ears were obtained after 3D reconstruction. RESULT The MR hydrography of inner ear of the patient displayed that there was an extradural high-signal intumescence which was like silver shape and the edge of it was smooth and neat between the sigmoid sinus of the posterior cranial fossa and the inner acoustic meatus. The maximum width of the mid position of endolymphatic sac in the temporal bone of the patient was 2.470 mm. This was much bigger than the diagnosis standard of the large vestibular aqueduct syndrome with ordinary MR imaging. CONCLUSION The MR hydrography technique is an effective method to diagnose large vestibular aqueduct syndrome. The final diagnosis in clinic could be made with the assistance of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijia-zhuang 050000, China.
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Baumann C, Reschke K, Jungehülsing M, Hierholzer J. Destruction of the vestibular organ by Langerhans' cell histiocytosis. Eur Radiol 2005; 16:1177-8. [PMID: 16328448 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-005-0024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2005] [Accepted: 08/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Brandt T, Schautzer F, Hamilton DA, Brüning R, Markowitsch HJ, Kalla R, Darlington C, Smith P, Strupp M. Vestibular loss causes hippocampal atrophy and impaired spatial memory in humans. Brain 2005; 128:2732-41. [PMID: 16141283 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awh617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human hippocampal formation plays a crucial role in various aspects of memory processing. Most literature on the human hippocampus stresses its non-spatial memory functions, but older work in rodents and some other species emphasized the role of the hippocampus in spatial learning and memory as well. A few human studies also point to a direct relation between hippocampal size, navigation and spatial memory. Conversely, the importance of the vestibular system for navigation and spatial memory was until now convincingly demonstrated only in animals. Using magnetic resonance imaging volumetry, we found that patients (n = 10) with acquired chronic bilateral vestibular loss (BVL) develop a significant selective atrophy of the hippocampus (16.9% decrease relative to controls). When tested with a virtual variant (on a PC) of the Morris water task these patients exhibited significant spatial memory and navigation deficits that closely matched the pattern of hippocampal atrophy. These spatial memory deficits were not associated with general memory deficits. The current data on BVL patients and bilateral hippocampal atrophy revive the idea that a major--and probably phylogenetically ancient--function of the archicortical hippocampal tissue is still evident in spatial aspects of memory processing for navigation. Furthermore, these data demonstrate for the first time in humans that spatial navigation critically depends on preserved vestibular function, even when the subjects are stationary, e.g. without any actual vestibular or somatosensory stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brandt
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
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Papathanasiou ES, Piperidou C, Pantzaris M, Iliopoulos I, Petsa M, Kyriakides T, Kleopa KA, Papacostas SS. Vestibular symptoms and signs are correlated with abnormal neurogenic vestibular evoked potentials in patients with multiple sclerosis. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 2005; 45:195-201. [PMID: 16083141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Symptoms of disequilibrium in multiple sclerosis (MS) are common. Neurogenic vestibular evoked potentials (NVsEPs) are saccular responses to tone-pip acoustic stimuli and are recordable from the parietal areas ipsilaterally to the stimulated ear. We wished to determine possible correlations of abnormal findings in NVsEP with clinical neurological findings related to the vestibular system, and demyelination seen on MRI. PATIENTS AND METHODS NVsEPs were performed by delivering a 1 kHz tone-pip stimulus monoaurally with contralateral masking noise via headphones. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials were performed in the standard manner. RESULTS Thirty-three patients had either been diagnosed with MS or had possible MS. There is statistical evidence that the presence of symptoms is likely to give an abnormal NVsEP, but no correlation exists between the presence or absence of vestibular symptoms and signs and an abnormal BAEP. No correlation was found between the presence of brainstem lesions on MRI and an abnormal NVsEP. Correlation exists between abnormal NVsEP and the level of disability using Expanded Disability Status Scale scores. CONCLUSION We have found that with increasing involvement of abnormal NVsEPs, there is a significant correlation with symptoms and signs that can be referred to the vestibular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Papathanasiou
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, 6 International Airport Avenue, PO Box 23462, Nicosia 1683, Cyprus.
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Abstract
Free otoconia in the posterior semicircular canal (pSCC) are regarded as the main reason for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. We investigated the distribution of otoconia in the membranous labyrinth of guinea pigs (n = 34) after a defined rotatory/angular kinetic acceleration. The angular kinetic energy of the rotatory experiment produced a dislocation of the otoconia and sometimes of the complete gelatinous otolithic membrane of the utricular and saccular macula. The otoconia could be observed in all three semicircular canals but predominated in the dark cell areas of the utricular side of the lateral SCC. A total obstruction of the semicircular canal could never be seen. Close to the lateral crista, perilymphatic hemorrhage could frequently be observed. The saccular otoconia were located in the amalgamation between endolymphatic membrane and saccule. The results of this histological study can form the basis for different theories about the genesis of canalolithiasis and cupulolithiasis and the vertigo which accompanies them.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sanchez-Hanke
- Hals-Nasen-Ohrenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf.
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Llorens J. Does copper ameliorate the vestibular toxicity of iminodipropionitrile (IDPN)? Neurotoxicology 2005; 26:475-6. [PMID: 15885797 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2005.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
CONCLUSIONS Dissociation of eye movements is an important sign of functional or organic lesions of the central vestibular system. Qualitative differences in the movements of each eye appear to be more serious than quantitative differences. OBJECTIVE To determine the significance of dissociated nystagmus in neurotological diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eye movements were recorded separately for each eye during the neurotological examination of patients with a suspicion of central vestibular system involvement. RESULTS Of 137 patients, 38 had quantitative dissociation of eye movements and 59 had qualitative differences. A total of 66/137 patients had abnormal MRI scans: 55 of these patients presented dissociated eye movements and only 39 had other signs of central vestibular involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Luiz Mangabeira Albernaz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology- Head & Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, Paulista Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine vestibular control of balance in those who recovered the ability to stand after middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke. METHODS Sixteen patients with MCA stroke were compared with 10 age matched controls. Two additional patients were studied with isolated corticospinal tract lesions, one each at the level of the pons and medulla. Vestibular evoked postural responses were obtained using galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) while patients stood with their eyes closed and head facing forwards, equally loading both legs. The GVS response was characterised by measuring the amplitude of the stimulus evoked lateral forces acting through each leg and the lateral displacement of the axial skeleton. RESULTS Lateral displacement and net lateral force following GVS were significantly larger after stroke. Unlike controls, the lateral forces in the stroke group were asymmetrical, being enhanced on the side of the non-paretic limb and small on the side of the paretic limb. The degree of GVS evoked asymmetry correlated with corticospinal damage assessed using transcranial magnetic stimulation. A similar asymmetrical response was seen in the patient with the pontine lesion but not the patient with the medullary lesion. CONCLUSIONS MCA stroke may disrupt corticobulbar projections to brainstem output pathways involved in vestibular control of balance. These projections are either collaterals of the corticospinal tract or lie close to that tract and terminate in the pons/upper medulla. This hypothesis accounts for the association between corticospinal tract damage and GVS response asymmetry, and the lack of GVS evoked asymmetry with corticospinal lesions below the rostral medulla.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Marsden
- MRC Human Movement Group, Sobell Department of Movement Disorders and Motor Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WCIN 3BG, UK.
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