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Barbosa CDB, Monici Silva I, Dame-Teixeira N. The action of microbial collagenases in dentinal matrix degradation in root caries and potential strategies for its management: a comprehensive state-of-the-art review. J Appl Oral Sci 2024; 32:e20240013. [PMID: 38775556 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2024-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Conventional views associate microbial biofilm with demineralization in root caries (RC) onset, while research on their collagenases role in the breakdown of collagen matrix has been sporadically developed, primarily in vitro. Recent discoveries, however, reveal proteolytic bacteria enrichment, specially Porphyromonas and other periodontitis-associated bacteria in subgingivally extended lesions, suggesting a potential role in RC by the catabolism of dentin organic matrix. Moreover, genes encoding proteases and bacterial collagenases, including the U32 family collagenases, were found to be overexpressed in both coronal and root dentinal caries. Despite these advancements, to prove microbial collagenolytic proteases' definitive role in RC remains a significant challenge. A more thorough investigation is warranted to explore the potential of anti-collagenolytic agents in modulating biofilm metabolic processes or inhibiting/reducing the size of RC lesions. Prospective treatments targeting collagenases and promoting biomodification through collagen fibril cross-linking show promise for RC prevention and management. However, these studies are currently in the in vitro phase, necessitating additional research to translate findings into clinical applications. This is a comprehensive state-of-the-art review aimed to explore contributing factors to the formation of RC lesions, particularly focusing on collagen degradation in root tissues by microbial collagenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecília de Brito Barbosa
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Odontologia, Brasília, Brasil
| | - Isabela Monici Silva
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Odontologia, Brasília, Brasil
| | - Naile Dame-Teixeira
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Odontologia, Brasília, Brasil
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2
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Li G, Yu Q, Li M, Zhang D, Yu J, Yu X, Xia C, Lin J, Han L, Huang H. Phyllanthus emblica fruits: a polyphenol-rich fruit with potential benefits for oral management. Food Funct 2023; 14:7738-7759. [PMID: 37529983 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01671d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The fruit of Phyllanthus emblica Linn., which mainly grows in tropical and subtropical regions, is well-known for its medicine and food homology properties. It has a distinctive flavor, great nutritional content, and potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and immunoregulatory effects. According to an increasing amount of scientific and clinical evidence, this fruit shows significant potential for application and development in the field of oral health management. Through the supplementation of vitamins, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and other nutrients reduce virulence expression of various oral pathogens, prevent tissue and mucosal damage caused by oxidative stress, etc. Phyllanthus emblica fruit can promote saliva secretion, regulate the balance of the oral microecology, prevent and treat oral cancer early, promote alveolar bone remodeling and aid mucosal wound healing. Thus, it plays a specific role in the prevention and treatment of common oral disorders, producing surprising results. For instance, enhancing the effectiveness of scaling and root planing in the treatment of periodontitis, relieving mucosal inflammation caused by radiotherapy for oral cancer, and regulating the blood glucose metabolism to alleviate oral discomfort. Herein, we systematically review the latest research on the use of Phyllanthus emblica fruit in the management of oral health and examine the challenges and future research directions based on its chemical composition and characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gefei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Qiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Mengqi Li
- Pharmacy department, Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Ji Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Xiaohan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Chenxi Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Junzhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China.
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Haozhou Huang
- State key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
- Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, 620010, China
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3
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Götz ME, Eisenreich A, Frenzel J, Sachse B, Schäfer B. Occurrence of Alkenylbenzenes in Plants: Flavours and Possibly Toxic Plant Metabolites. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112075. [PMID: 37299054 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alkenylbenzenes are naturally occurring secondary plant metabolites. While some of them are proven genotoxic carcinogens, other derivatives need further evaluation to clarify their toxicological properties. Furthermore, data on the occurrence of various alkenylbenzenes in plants, and especially in food products, are still limited. In this review, we tempt to give an overview of the occurrence of potentially toxic alkenylbenzenes in essential oils and extracts from plants used for flavoring purposes of foods. A focus is layed on widely known genotoxic alkenylbenzenes, such as safrole, methyleugenol, and estragole. However, essential oils and extracts that contain other alkenylbenzenes and are also often used for flavoring purposes are considered. This review may re-raise awareness of the need for quantitative occurrence data for alkenylbenzenes in certain plants but especially in final plant food supplements, processed foods, and flavored beverages as the basis for a more reliable exposure assessment of alkenylbenzenes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario E Götz
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Eisenreich
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Frenzel
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Sachse
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Schäfer
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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4
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Mosaddad SA, Hussain A, Tebyaniyan H. Green Alternatives as Antimicrobial Agents in Mitigating Periodontal Diseases: A Narrative Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1269. [PMCID: PMC10220622 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases and dental caries are the most common infectious oral diseases impacting oral health globally. Oral cavity health is crucial for enhancing life quality since it serves as the entranceway to general health. The oral microbiome and oral infectious diseases are strongly correlated. Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria have been associated with periodontal diseases. Due to the shortcomings of several antimicrobial medications frequently applied in dentistry, the lack of resources in developing countries, the prevalence of oral inflammatory conditions, and the rise in bacterial antibiotic resistance, there is a need for reliable, efficient, and affordable alternative solutions for the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. Several accessible chemical agents can alter the oral microbiota, although these substances also have unfavorable symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, and tooth discoloration. Natural phytochemicals generated from plants that have historically been used as medicines are categorized as prospective alternatives due to the ongoing quest for substitute products. This review concentrated on phytochemicals or herbal extracts that impact periodontal diseases by decreasing the formation of dental biofilms and plaques, preventing the proliferation of oral pathogens, and inhibiting bacterial adhesion to surfaces. Investigations examining the effectiveness and safety of plant-based medicines have also been presented, including those conducted over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Mosaddad
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran;
| | - Ahmed Hussain
- School of Dentistry, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Hamid Tebyaniyan
- Science and Research Branch, Islimic Azade University, Tehran 14878-92855, Iran
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5
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Hu H, Tekin V, Hu B, Yaghoobi M, Khan A, Ghosh AK, Panda SK, Huang H, Luyten W. Metabolic profiling of Chimonanthus grammatus via UHPLC-HRMS-MS with computer-assisted structure elucidation and its antimicrobial activity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1138913. [PMID: 37229132 PMCID: PMC10205022 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1138913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Chimonanthus grammatus is used as Hakka traditional herb to treat cold, flu, etc. So far, the phytochemistry and antimicrobial compounds have not been well investigated. In this study, the orbitrap-ion trap MS was used to characterize its metabolites, combined with a computer-assisted structure elucidation method, and the antimicrobial activities were assessed by a broth dilution method against 21 human pathogens, as well as the bioassay-guided purification work to clarify its main antimicrobial compounds. A total of 83 compounds were identified with their fragmentation patterns, including terpenoids, coumarins, flavonoids, organic acids, alkaloids, and others. The plant extracts can strongly inhibit the growth of three Gram-positive and four Gram-negative bacteria, and nine active compounds were bioassay-guided isolated, including homalomenol C, jasmonic acid, isofraxidin, quercitrin, stigmasta-7,22-diene-3β,5α,6α-triol, quercetin, 4-hydroxy-1,10-secocadin-5-ene-1,10-dione, kaempferol, and E-4-(4,8-dimethylnona-3,7-dienyl)furan-2(5H)-one. Among them, isofraxidin, kaempferol, and quercitrin showed significant activity against planktonic Staphylococcus aureus (IC50 = 13.51, 18.08 and 15.86 µg/ml). Moreover, their antibiofilm activities of S. aureus (BIC50 = 15.43, 17.31, 18.86 µg/ml; BEC50 = 45.86, ≥62.50, and 57.62 µg/ml) are higher than ciprofloxacin. The results demonstrated that the isolated antimicrobial compounds played the key role of this herb in combating microbes and provided benefits for its development and quality control, and the computer-assisted structure elucidation method was a powerful tool for chemical analysis, especially for distinguishing isomers with similar structures, which can be used for other complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine - Hakka Medical Resources Branch, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Volkan Tekin
- Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bin Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine - Hakka Medical Resources Branch, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Mahdi Yaghoobi
- Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drug Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leishmania Diagnostic & Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Alokesh Kumar Ghosh
- Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Sujogya Kumar Panda
- Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center of Environment Climate Change and Public Health, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Hao Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine - Hakka Medical Resources Branch, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Walter Luyten
- Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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6
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Zhu J, Park S, Kim CH, Jeong KH, Kim WJ. Eugenol alleviates neuronal damage via inhibiting inflammatory process against pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:722-731. [PMID: 36802956 PMCID: PMC10408549 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231151976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is one of the most common pathological outcomes in various neurological diseases. A growing body of evidence suggests that neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of epileptic seizures. Eugenol is the major phytoconstituent of essential oils extracted from several plants and possesses protective and anticonvulsant properties. However, it remains unclear whether eugenol exerts an anti-inflammatory effect to protect against severe neuronal damage induced by epileptic seizures. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory action of eugenol in an experimental epilepsy model of pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE). To examine the protective effect of eugenol via anti-inflammatory mechanisms, eugenol (200 mg/kg) was administrated daily for three days after pilocarpine-induced SE onset. The anti-inflammatory action of eugenol was evaluated by examining the expression of reactive gliosis, pro-inflammatory cytokines, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and the nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat with a pyrin-domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Our results showed that eugenol reduced SE-induced apoptotic neuronal cell death, mitigated the activation of astrocytes and microglia, and attenuated the expression of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor α in the hippocampus after SE onset. Furthermore, eugenol inhibited NF-κB activation and the formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the hippocampus after SE. These results suggest that eugenol is a potential phytoconstituent that suppresses the neuroinflammatory processes induced by epileptic seizures. Therefore, these findings provide evidence that eugenol has therapeutic potential for epileptic seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Park
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 Project, Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Hoon Jeong
- Epilepsy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
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7
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Al-Zereini WA, Al-Trawneh IN, Al-Qudah MA, TumAllah HM, Abudayeh ZH, Hijazin T. Antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry essential oil with identification of its chemical constituents. Z NATURFORSCH C 2023; 78:105-112. [PMID: 35599246 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2022-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic plants embrace volatile compounds with efficiency in treating different diseases. In Jordan, Syzygium aromaticum flower buds (clove) are extensively used as folk medicine without awareness of its bio-safe dosage. Herein, clove buds were hydrodistilled using the Clevenger apparatus, and the resulting essential oil (CEO) was analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibacterial activity was evaluated against tested bacterial strains by agar diffusion test and micro-broth dilution assay. The antioxidant capacity was assessed using DPPH radical scavenging assay, while the cytotoxic potency was unraveled by determination of its anti-proliferative activity against MDA-MB-231 breast adenocarcinoma and normal Vero cell lines. CEO yield was 5.7 ± 1.3% (w/w); encompassed 24 volatile ingredients with eugenol as the principal compound (73.41%). The CEO inhibited the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial test strains, causing the formation of 13.7 ± 1.5-17.3 ± 0.6 mm and 11.7 ± 1.5-20.7 ± 1.2 mm inhibition zones, respectively with MIC 1.25-5 μL/mL. Moreover, it showed antioxidant activity with IC50 0.0016 ± 0.0001 μL/mL (1.6 ± 0.1 μg/mL, 2.98 ± 0.4 µg Trolox®/µg CEO). Intriguingly, the CEO was cytotoxic against both cancerous and noncancerous cell lines at IC50 of 0.25 ± 0.02 μL/mL and 0.18 ± 0.01 μL/mL, respectively. Herein results unveil the potential application of CEO as a pharmaceutical remedy with considering its bio-safe dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael A Al-Zereini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
| | | | - Mahmoud A Al-Qudah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Heba M TumAllah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
| | - Zead H Abudayeh
- Department of applied pharmaceutical sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Isra Private University, 11622 Amman, Jordan
| | - Tahani Hijazin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
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8
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Periferakis A, Periferakis K, Badarau IA, Petran EM, Popa DC, Caruntu A, Costache RS, Scheau C, Caruntu C, Costache DO. Kaempferol: Antimicrobial Properties, Sources, Clinical, and Traditional Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315054. [PMID: 36499380 PMCID: PMC9740324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a category of plant-derived compounds which exhibit a large number of health-related effects. One of the most well-known and studied flavonoids is kaempferol, which can be found in a wide variety of herbs and plant families. Apart from their anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory effects, kaempferol and its associated compounds also exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, and antiprotozoal activities. The development of drugs and treatment schemes based on these compounds is becoming increasingly important in the face of emerging resistance of numerous pathogens as well as complex molecular interactions between various drug therapies. In addition, many of the kaempferol-containing plants are used in traditional systems all over the world for centuries to treat numerous conditions. Due to its variety of sources and associated compounds, some molecular mechanisms of kaempferol antimicrobial activity are well known while others are still under analysis. This paper thoroughly documents the vegetal and food sources of kaempferol as well as the most recent and significant studies regarding its antimicrobial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyrios Periferakis
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Akadimia of Ancient Greek and Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16675 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Periferakis
- Akadimia of Ancient Greek and Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16675 Athens, Greece
- Pan-Hellenic Organization of Educational Programs (P.O.E.P), 17236 Athens, Greece
- Orasis Acupuncture Institute, 11526 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioana Anca Badarau
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Madalina Petran
- Department of Biochemistry, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Toxicology, Grigore Alexandrescu Emergency Children’s Hospital, 011743 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Delia Codruta Popa
- Department of Biochemistry, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Hematology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.C.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, ‘Dr. Carol Davila’ Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, ‘Titu Maiorescu’ University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca Simona Costache
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine Clinic, ‘Dr. Carol Davila’ Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.C.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Prof. N.C. Paulescu’ National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Octavian Costache
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Dr. Carol Davila’ Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
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Xue Q, Xiang Z, Wang S, Cong Z, Gao P, Liu X. Recent advances in nutritional composition, phytochemistry, bioactive, and potential applications of Syzygium aromaticum L. (Myrtaceae). Front Nutr 2022; 9:1002147. [PMID: 36313111 PMCID: PMC9614275 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1002147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Syzygium aromaticum is an aromatic plant native to Indonesia, and introduced to tropical regions worldwide. As an ingredient in perfumes, lotions, and food preservation, it is widely used in the food and cosmetic industries. Also, it is used to treat toothache, ulcers, type 2 diabetes, etc. A variety of nutrients such as amino acids, proteins, fatty acids, and vitamins are found in S. aromaticum. In addition to eugenol, isoeugenol, eugenol acetate, β-caryophyllene and α-humulene are the main chemical constituents. The chemical constituents of S. aromaticum exhibit a wide range of bioactivities, such as antioxidant, antitumor, hypoglycemic, immunomodulatory, analgesic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiulcer, etc. This review aims to comprehend the information on its taxonomy and botany, nutritional composition, chemical composition, bioactivities and their mechanisms, toxicity, and potential applications. This review will be a comprehensive scientific resource for those interested in pursuing further research to explore its value in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xue
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zedong Xiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shengguang Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhufeng Cong
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatmen, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Gao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China,Peng Gao,
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Chinese Medicine Innovation Research Institute, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Xiaonan Liu,
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10
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Hu H, Hu Z, Zhang Y, Wan H, Yin Z, Li L, Liang X, Zhao X, Yin L, Ye G, Zou YF, Tang H, Jia R, Chen Y, Zhou H, Song X. Myricetin inhibits pseudorabies virus infection through direct inactivation and activating host antiviral defense. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:985108. [PMID: 36187970 PMCID: PMC9520584 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.985108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myricetin, a polyhydroxyflavone compound, is one of the main ingredients of various human foods and therefore also known as dietary flavonoids. Due to the continuous emergence of resistant strains of herpesviruses, novel control measures are required. In the present study, myricetin exhibited potent antiviral activity against pseudorabies virus (PRV), a model organism of herpesvirus. The suppression rate could reach up to 96.4% at a concentration of 500 μM in cells, and the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 42.69 μM. Moreover, the inhibitory activity was not attenuated by the increased amount of infective dose, and a significant reduction of intracellular PRV virions was observed by indirect immunofluorescence. A mode of action study indicated that myricetin could directly inactivate the virus in vitro, leading to inhibition of viral adsorption, penetration and replication in cells. In addition to direct killing effect, myricetin could also activate host antiviral defense through regulation of apoptosis-related gene expressions (Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, Bax), NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways and cytokine gene expressions (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, c-Jun, STAT1, c-Fos, and c-Myc). In PRV-infected mouse model, myricetin could enhance the survival rate by 40% at 5 days post infection, and viral loads in kidney, liver, lung, spleen, and brain were significantly decreased. The pathological changes caused by PRV infection were improved by myricetin treatment. The gene expressions of inflammatory factors (MCP-1, G-CSF, IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and apoptotic factors (Bcl-xl, Bcl-2, and Bax) were regulated by myricetin in PRV-infected mice. The present findings suggest that myricetin can effectively inhibit PRV infection and become a candidate for development of new anti-herpesvirus drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyue Hu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., Dezhou, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongping Wan
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinghong Zhao
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lizi Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Ye
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan-Feng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huaqiao Tang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaqin Chen
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Hao Zhou,
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Xu Song,
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Garapati B, Ramamurthy J, Shanmugam R. Formulation, development, and evaluation of anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects of a novel polyherbal mouthwash-An in vitro study. JOURNAL OF POPULATION THERAPEUTICS AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY = JOURNAL DE LA THERAPEUTIQUE DES POPULATIONS ET DE LA PHARMACOLOGIE CLINIQUE 2022; 29:e94-e103. [PMID: 36196943 DOI: 10.47750/jptcp.2022.943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to prepare a polyherbal mouthwash and evaluate its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory efficacy against commercially available herbal mouthwash. The objective was to signify whether the novel herbal combination (extracts of Zingiber officinale [ginger], Curcuma longa [turmeric], and Syzygium aromaticum [clove] 5% v/w) could be a better alternative to commercially available herbal mouthwashes. MATERIALS AND METHODS An in vitro study was undertaken in which extracts of Z. officinale (ginger), C. longa (turmeric), and S. aromaticum (clove) 5% v/w were used. Seven different concentrations were prepared and tested against Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans, and Staphylococcus aureus in Mueller-Hinton agar medium. Plates were incubated aerobically at 37° C for 48 h, and the zone of inhibition was measured using a vernier caliper. Commercially available herbal mouthwash (Hiora) was used as a control group. The data were analyzed by descriptive analytics. RESULTS Results showed that the efficacy of novel polyherbal mouthwash had comparatively less significant antimicrobial properties against the microorganisms as compared to the commercially available herbal mouthwash. The minimum inhibitory concentration was also found to be very high, that is, 100 μg/mL. CONCLUSION There was no significant antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects for the polyherbal mouthwash as compared to commercially available herbal mouthwash (Hiora). Because this combination is readily available, it can be a cost-effective alternative to commercially available herbal mouthwashes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Garapati
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai;
| | - Jaiganesh Ramamurthy
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai
| | - Rajeshkumar Shanmugam
- Nanobiomedicine Lab, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai
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Chemotaxonomy and Antibacterial Activity of the Extracts and Chemical Constituents of Psychotria succulenta Hiern. (Rubiaceae). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7856305. [PMID: 35757466 PMCID: PMC9217553 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7856305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of natural products for medicinal purposes is becoming more and more common nowadays, as evidenced by the presence in plants of secondary metabolites with different potentials such as antioxidant and antibacterial properties. We evaluated in this work the antimicrobial activities of the extracts and some isolated compounds from the seeds of Psychotria succulenta Hiern. (Rubiaceae), a Cameroonian medicinal plant traditionally used to cure microbial infections. The ethanol extract was prepared by maceration and extracted with ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The EtOAc (m = 168 g) and n-BuOH (m = 20 g) extracts were further fractionated by silica gel column chromatography to isolation of compounds. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and by comparison with published data. The antibacterial activity of extracts and compounds was assessed by evaluating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against pathogenic bacteria. Thirteen compounds including four alkaloids (veprisine (1), naucleofficine III (2), vepridimerine B (3), and vepridimerine C (4)), three triterpenes (barbinervic acid (5), 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl quinovic acid (6), and oleanolic acid (7)), one steroid (β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8)), four phenolic compounds (scopoletin (9), gallic acid (10), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11), and kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (12)), and one iridoid (borreriagenin (13)) were isolated from the EtOAc and n-BuOH extracts. These compounds were identified by 1D and 2D NMR combined analysis as well as by melting point comparison. The EtOH, EtOAc, and n-BuOH extracts exhibited significant antibacterial activities (MIC = 32‐128 μg/mL; MBC = 64‐256 μg/mL) against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacterium), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumonia (Gram-negative bacteria). Among the isolated compounds, scopoletin (9) showed a moderate activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae with MIC and MBC values of 16 μg/mL and 32 μg/mL, respectively. It appears that, chemotaxonomically, some of the isolated compounds have already been obtained from the genus Psychotria but to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the phytochemical investigation of P. succulenta. Although many other studies need to be achieved, our results support the use of P. succulenta in traditional medicine to cure infectious diseases particularly those caused by the tested bacteria.
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Constituents from ripe figs of Ficus vallis-choudae Delile (Moraceae) with antiplasmodial activity. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:2121-2127. [PMID: 35578036 PMCID: PMC9110216 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07540-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Ripe figs, barks, and wood of Ficus vallis-choudae are used in traditional medicine against several conditions including nausea and malaria. However, its use is still to be scientifically documented and validated. Hence, the aim of the present work was to evaluate the antiplasmodial activity of the dichloromethane-methanol (DCM-MeOH (1:1)) crude extract, their hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanoli fractions, as well as the isolated chemical constituents. The chemical study of the DCM-MeOH (1:1) crude extract of F. vallis-choudae figs led to the isolation of fifteen (15) known compounds identified based on their spectroscopic data [one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry] and by comparison of these data with those reported in the literature. Some of the isolated compounds were assessed in vitro for their antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine-sensitive 3D7 (Pf3D7) and multidrug-resistant Dd2 strains. The dichloromethane fraction exhibited very good antiplasmodial activity against both strains with IC50 values of 13.86 μg/mL and 8.18 μg/mL, respectively. Among the tested compounds, wighteone (2) was the most active against P. falciparum 3D7 (IC50 = 24.6 ± 1.5 μM) and Dd2 (IC50 = 11.9 ± 2.4 μM) strains. The obtained results could justify the traditional uses of F. vallis-choudae against malaria. Wighteone appears to be the most active ingredient. However, further consideration of this compound as starting point for antimalarial drug discovery will depend upon its selectivity of action towards Plasmodium parasites. Highlights • 15 (fifteen) compounds were isolated from the dichloromethane-methanol extract of Ficus vallis-choudae. • Their structures were determined on the basis of their spectroscopic data. • The dichloromethane fraction showed promising activities on the Pf3D7 and PfDd2 strains with IC50 values of 13.86 and 8.18 µg/mL, respectively. • Wighteone was the most active compound against PfDd2 (IC50 = 11.9 ± 2.4 μM). Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00436-022-07540-5.
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Patel DK. Biological Importance and Therapeutic Benefit of Rhamnocitrin: A Review of Pharmacology and Analytical Aspects. DRUG METABOLISM AND BIOANALYSIS LETTERS 2022; 15:150-158. [PMID: 35794741 DOI: 10.2174/2949681015666220609100336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humans have a long history of the uses of plant based products, including extracts and pure phytoconstituents for the treatment of human diseases in the different system of medicine. In the developing countries, phytoproducts play an important role in the healthcare systems due to their medicinal importance and pharmacological activities. Flavonoids class phytochemicals are beneficial for human beings because of their free radical scavenging properties and trace metals chelating potential. Flavonoids have inhibitory potential for the growth of bacteria and virus mainly through enzyme inhibition functions and viral translation. Rhamnocitrin is also called 7- methyl-kaempferol is important flavonoids, which has been isolated from different medicinal plants and has pharmacological activities in the medicine. METHODS Present paper describes the biological potential and health beneficial aspects of rhamnocitrin in the medicine through the data analysis of published papers in the recent years in the field of medicine and modern medical sciences. Scientific data on rhamnocitrin have been collected from electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Google, Scopus and Science Direct in the present investigation and analyzed to know the biological importance and pharmacological activities of rhamnocitrin. Pharmacological scientific data of rhamnocitrin have been collected and analyzed in the present work with their analytical aspects. RESULTS Literature data analysis of different scientific work on rhamnocitrin revealed the biological importance of rhamnocitrin in medicine. Rhamnocitrin is known to be a promising phytoconstituents found to be present in medicinal plants with a wide range of biological activities. Rhamnocitrin was found to have pharmacological activities, including anti-atherogenic, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, enzymatic and neuroprotective potential. Further biological effect of rhamnocitrin on adipocyte differentiation has been also studied in the present work. Analytical data on rhamnocitrin signified the application of different analytical techniques for the separation, isolation and identification of rhamnocitrin in medicine. CONCLUSION Literature data analysis of different scientific research works revealed the biological importance and therapeutic benefit of rhamnocitrin in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kurtul E, Eryilmaz M, Sarialtin SY, Teki̇n M, Acikara ÖB, Çoban T. Bioactivities of Alchemilla mollis, Alchemilla persica and Their Active Constituents. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e18373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Fadaka AO, Sibuyi NRS, Martin DR, Klein A, Madiehe A, Meyer M. Development of Effective Therapeutic Molecule from Natural Sources against Coronavirus Protease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179431. [PMID: 34502340 PMCID: PMC8430653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) is one of the molecular targets for drug design. Effective vaccines have been identified as a long-term solution but the rate at which they are being administered is slow in several countries, and mutations of SARS-CoV-2 could render them less effective. Moreover, remdesivir seems to work only with some types of COVID-19 patients. Hence, the continuous investigation of new treatments for this disease is pivotal. This study investigated the inhibitory role of natural products against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro as repurposable agents in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Through in silico approach, selected flavonoids were docked into the active site of Mpro. The free energies of the ligands complexed with Mpro were computationally estimated using the molecular mechanics-generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA) method. In addition, the inhibition process of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro with these ligands was simulated at 100 ns in order to uncover the dynamic behavior and complex stability. The docking results showed that the selected flavonoids exhibited good poses in the binding domain of Mpro. The amino acid residues involved in the binding of the selected ligands correlated well with the residues involved with the mechanism-based inhibitor (N3) and the docking score of Quercetin-3-O-Neohesperidoside (−16.8 Kcal/mol) ranked efficiently with this inhibitor (−16.5 Kcal/mol). In addition, single-structure MM/GBSA rescoring method showed that Quercetin-3-O-Neohesperidoside (−87.60 Kcal/mol) is more energetically favored than N3 (−80.88 Kcal/mol) and other ligands (Myricetin 3-Rutinoside (−87.50 Kcal/mol), Quercetin 3-Rhamnoside (−80.17 Kcal/mol), Rutin (−58.98 Kcal/mol), and Myricitrin (−49.22 Kcal/mol). The molecular dynamics simulation (MDs) pinpointed the stability of these complexes over the course of 100 ns with reduced RMSD and RMSF. Based on the docking results and energy calculation, together with the RMSD of 1.98 ± 0.19 Å and RMSF of 1.00 ± 0.51 Å, Quercetin-3-O-Neohesperidoside is a better inhibitor of Mpro compared to N3 and other selected ligands and can be repurposed as a drug candidate for the treatment of COVID-19. In addition, this study demonstrated that in silico docking, free energy calculations, and MDs, respectively, are applicable to estimating the interaction, energetics, and dynamic behavior of molecular targets by natural products and can be used to direct the development of novel target function modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewale Oluwaseun Fadaka
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; (N.R.S.S.); (D.R.M.); (A.M.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Nicole Remaliah Samantha Sibuyi
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; (N.R.S.S.); (D.R.M.); (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Darius Riziki Martin
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; (N.R.S.S.); (D.R.M.); (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Ashwil Klein
- Plant Omics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa;
| | - Abram Madiehe
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; (N.R.S.S.); (D.R.M.); (A.M.); (M.M.)
- Nanobiotechnology Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Mervin Meyer
- Department of Science and Innovation/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; (N.R.S.S.); (D.R.M.); (A.M.); (M.M.)
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Plefh ACV, Hoshino LVC, Sato F, Castilha LD, Santos TC, Vital ACP, Matumoto-Pintro PT. Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) fluid gel on healing of pododermatitis in rabbits. Vet Res Commun 2021; 45:293-304. [PMID: 34219191 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09810-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Wounds are damaging to quality life of confined animals, causing dysfunction in spinal, members injuries, and reduction in productive performance. This research investigated the clove antimicrobial and antioxidant activity on the healing of decubitus wounds (pododermatitis) of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Adult animals were treated for 21 days every three days with a fluid gel spray in the wound region: control fluid gel without addition of clove (FGC0), fluid gel with addition of 1% clove powder (FGC1), and fluid gel with 2% clove powder (FGC2). Microbiological analysis for Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp. were performed during 21 days of experimental period. After this period, samples from treated skin were evaluated for histological analysis and evaluation of the healing process by spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR). Rabbits treated with FGC2 showed advanced healing and decreased tissue inflammation similar to healthy rabbits, while FGC0 rabbits showed a decrease in bacterial contamination without signs of healing. Both FGC1 and FGC2 rabbits demonstrated antimicrobial and antioxidant action against both bacteria tested, favoring the wound healing process. Considering the results, the use of fluid gel with 2% of clove powder (Syzigium aromaticum) based on the best antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities on healing of decubitus wounds (pododermatitis) of rabbits in commercial farming system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C V Plefh
- Animal Science Graduate Program, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - L V C Hoshino
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - F Sato
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - L D Castilha
- Animal Science Graduate Program, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil.,Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - T C Santos
- Animal Science Graduate Program, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil.,Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - A C P Vital
- Animal Science Graduate Program, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - P T Matumoto-Pintro
- Animal Science Graduate Program, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil. .,Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil.
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Beverages Containing Plant-Derived Polyphenols Inhibit Growth and Biofilm Formation of Streptococcus mutans and Children’s Supragingival Plaque Bacteria. BEVERAGES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages7030043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Polyphenols in edible berries and tea plant (Camellia sinensis) suppressed virulence factors of oral pathogens. We investigated if the commercially marketed plant polyphenols-containing beverages inhibited growth and biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans and children’s dental plaque. Methods: Supragingival plaque collected from 16 children (7–11 years) were suspended in TSB for testing. Test beverages included 26 marketed packaged teas, ready-to-drink bottled raspberry flavored teas and cranberry juice cocktails with and without added sugars. Their effects on in vitro growth and biofilm formation of S. mutans and children’s plaque bacteria were determined after 24–48 h at 37 °C anaerobically in CDM with or without sucrose. Results: Brewed infusions from black, green and cinnamon or raspberry flavored teas bags inhibited growth and biofilm formation of children’s plaque bacteria. Compared to controls, bottled raspberry flavored teas and cranberry juice cocktails significantly inhibited growth and biofilm formation of test bacteria. Added sugar did not significantly impact the inhibition (p > 0.05). Biofilms formed in these beverages were loosely attached and easily dislodged from surfaces. Conclusions: Beverages rich in antimicrobial plant polyphenols reduce plaque adherence, may benefit oral health and are preferred over other sugary beverages. The concept of oral diseases prevention using natural foods/diet is innovative, practical and acceptable.
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Passos MR, Almeida RS, Lima BO, Rodrigues JZDS, Macêdo Neres NSD, Pita LS, Marinho PDF, Santos IA, da Silva JP, Oliveira MC, Oliveira MA, Pessoa SMB, Silva MML, Silveira PHS, Reis MM, Santos IP, Ricardo LDON, Andrade LOSB, Soares AB, Correia TML, Souza ÉPD, Pires PN, Cruz MP, Marques LM, Uetanabaro APT, Yatsuda R. Anticariogenic activities of Libidibia ferrea, gallic acid and ethyl gallate against Streptococcus mutans in biofilm model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 274:114059. [PMID: 33794333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Brazil, ethnopharmacological studies show that Libidibia ferrea (Mart. ex Tul.) L. P. Queiroz is commonly used in folk medicine as an antifungal, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory. In the Amazon region, the dried fruit powder of L. ferrea are widely used empirically by the population in an alcoholic tincture as an antimicrobial mouthwash in oral infections and the infusion is also recommended for healing oral wounds. However, there are few articles that have evaluated the antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens in a biofilm model, identifying active compounds and mechanisms of action. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-adherence activities of the ethanolic extract, fractions and isolated compounds (gallic acid and ethyl gallate) of the fruit and seed of L. ferrea against Streptococcus mutans. The inhibition of acidicity/acidogenicity and the expression of the S. mutans GTF genes in biofilms were also evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Cell Adhesion (MICA) were evaluated with ethanolic extract (EELF), fractions, gallic acid (GA) and ethyl gallate (EG) against S. mutans. Inhibition of biofilm formation, pH drop and proton permeability tests were conducted with EELF, GA and EG, and also evaluated the expression of the GTF genes in biofilms. The compounds of dichloromethane fraction were identified by GC-MS. RESULTS This is the first report of shikimic, pyroglutamic, malic and protocatechuic acids identified in L. ferrea. EELF, GA and EG showed MIC at 250 μg/mL, and MBC at 1000 μg/mL by EELF. EELF biofilms showed reduced dry weight and acidogenicity of S. mutans in biofilms. GA and EG reduced viable cells, glucans soluble in alkali, acidogenicity, aciduricity and downregulated expression of gtfB, gtfC and gtfD genes in biofilms. SEM images of GA and EG biofilms showed a reduction of biomass, exopolysaccharide and microcolonies of S. mutans. CONCLUSIONS The ethanolic extract of fruit and seed of L. ferrea, gallic acid and ethyl gallate showed great antimicrobial activity and inhibition of adhesion, reduction of acidogenicity and aciduricity in S. mutans biofilms. The results obtained in vitro validate the use of this plant in ethnopharmacology, and open opportunities for the development of new oral anticariogenic agents, originated by plants that can inhibit pathogenic biofilm that leads to the development of caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Ribeiro Passos
- State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Soane Nazaré de Andrade Campus, Jorge Amado Highway, 16 Km, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rafael Silva Almeida
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Brenda Oliveira Lima
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jeisa Zielle de Souza Rodrigues
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Nayara Silva de Macêdo Neres
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Louise Soares Pita
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Iago Almeida Santos
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jamile Pinheiro da Silva
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Milena Cardoso Oliveira
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mariana Araújo Oliveira
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Stela Mares Brasileiro Pessoa
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marlon Mário Leles Silva
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Santana Silveira
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mariane Mares Reis
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Isabella Porto Santos
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ananda Brito Soares
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Thiago Macêdo Lopes Correia
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Érika Pereira de Souza
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Polyane Novais Pires
- State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Soane Nazaré de Andrade Campus, Jorge Amado Highway, 16 Km, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mariluze Peixoto Cruz
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Lucas Miranda Marques
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Trovatti Uetanabaro
- State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Soane Nazaré de Andrade Campus, Jorge Amado Highway, 16 Km, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Regiane Yatsuda
- Multidisciplinary Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, 58 Hormindo Barros Street, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil.
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Ahmed J, Gultekinoglu M, Bayram C, Kart D, Ulubayram K, Edirisinghe M. Alleviating the toxicity concerns of antibacterial cinnamon-polycaprolactone biomaterials for healthcare-related biomedical applications. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:236-246. [PMID: 34766144 PMCID: PMC8491196 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrous constructs with incorporated cinnamon-extract have previously been shown to have potent antifungal abilities. The question remains to whether these constructs are useful in the prevention of bacterial infections in fiber form and what the antimicrobial effects means in terms of toxicity to the native physiological cells. In this work, cinnamon extract containing poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) fibers were successfully manufactured by pressurized gyration and had an average size of ∼2 μm. Cinnamon extract containing PCL fibers were tested against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis bacterial species to assess their antibacterial capacity; it was found that these fibers were able to reduce viable cell numbers of the bacterial species up to two orders of magnitude lower than the control group. The results of the antibacterial tests were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The constructs were also tested under indirect MTT tests where they showed little to no toxicity, similar to the control groups. Additionally, cell viability fluorescent imaging displayed no significant toxicity issues with the fibers, even at their highest tested concentration. Here we present a viable method for the production the non-toxic and naturally abundant cinnamon extracted fibers for numerous biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jubair Ahmed
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Merve Gultekinoglu
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical SciencesFaculty of PharmacyHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Cem Bayram
- Department of Nanotechnology & Nanomedicine DivisionInstitute for Graduate Studies in Science & Engineering Hacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Didem Kart
- Department of Pharmaceutical MicrobiologyFaculty of PharmacyHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Kezban Ulubayram
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical SciencesFaculty of PharmacyHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
- Department of Nanotechnology & Nanomedicine DivisionInstitute for Graduate Studies in Science & Engineering Hacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Mohan Edirisinghe
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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Pleiotropic Effects of Eugenol: The Good, the Bad, and the Unknown. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3165159. [PMID: 33747344 PMCID: PMC7943301 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3165159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phytocompounds and medicinal herbs were used in traditional ancient medicine and are nowadays increasingly screened in both experimental and clinical settings due to their beneficial effects in several major pathologies. Similar to the drug industry, phytotherapy is interested in using nanobased delivery systems to view the identification and characterization of the cellular and molecular therapeutic targets of plant components. Eugenol, the major phenolic constituent of clove essential oil, is a particularly versatile phytochemical with a vast range of therapeutic properties, among which the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticarcinogenic effects have been systematically addressed. In the past decade, with the emerging understanding of the role of mitochondria as critical organelles in the pathophysiology of noncommunicable diseases, research regarding the role of phytochemicals as modulators of bioenergetics and metabolism is on a rise. Here, we present a brief overview of the major pharmacological properties of eugenol, with special emphasis on its applications in dental medicine, and provide preliminary data regarding its effects, alone, and included in polyurethane nanostructures, on mitochondrial bioenergetics, and glycolysis in human HaCaT keratinocytes.
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Illian DN, Siregar ES, Sumaiyah S, Utomo AR, Nuryawan A, Basyuni M. Potential compounds from several Indonesian plants to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection: A mini-review of SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic targets. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06001. [PMID: 33532640 PMCID: PMC7833933 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of coronaviruses (CoVs) presents an enormous threat to humans. To date, no new therapeutic drugs or vaccines licensed to treat human coronaviruses remain undiscovered. This mini-review briefly reports the number of potential plants widely distributed in Indonesia for further research and development as anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents and the critical targets for SARS-CoV-2 therapy, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor, spike protein, 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), papain-like protease (PLpro), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), helicase, and serine protease. Indonesia is rich in medicinal plants (herbal); it also has a long history of using plants to treat various hereditary diseases. However, since SARS-CoV-2 is a new disease, it has no history of plant-based treatment anywhere in the world. This mini-review describes natural products from several Indonesian plants that contain compounds that could potentially prevent or reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection, act as potential targeted therapy, and provide new therapeutic strategies to develop SARS-CoV-2 countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didi Nurhadi Illian
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Etti Sartina Siregar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia.,Center of Excellence for Mangrove, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Sumaiyah Sumaiyah
- Department of Technology Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Rusdan Utomo
- Senior Molecular Testing Laboratory Consultant at Clinical Lab Advisor, Indonesia.,Perhimpunan Biologi Medik Indonesia PBMI, Indonesia
| | - Arif Nuryawan
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia.,Center of Excellence for Mangrove, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Basyuni
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia.,Center of Excellence for Mangrove, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
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Šilha D, Švarcová K, Bajer T, Královec K, Tesařová E, Moučková K, Pejchalová M, Bajerová P. Chemical Composition of Natural Hydrolates and Their Antimicrobial Activity on Arcobacter-Like Cells in Comparison with Other Microorganisms. Molecules 2020; 25:E5654. [PMID: 33266263 PMCID: PMC7730011 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrolates obtained via the hydrodistillation and steam distillation of Lavandulaangustifolia Mill., Syzygiumaromaticum L., Foeniculumvulgare Mill., and Laurusnobilis L. were analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Additionally, the hydrolates were evaluated for antimicrobial activity (disk-diffusion and microdilution method), influence on biofilm formation (Christensen method) and cytotoxicity of concentrated hydrolates against human cell lines (A549) by xCELLigence system. Using chemical analysis, 48, 9, 13 and 33 different components were detected in lavender, clove, fennel and laurel hydrolates, respectively. Lavender hydrolate contained the largest proportion of 1,8-cineol, linalool furanoxide, and linalool. The main components of laurel hydrolate were 1,8-cineol, 4-terpineol and α-terpineol. Fenchone and estragole were the most abundant in fennel hydrolate, and eugenol and eugenyl acetate in clove hydrolate. Concentrated hydrolates showed significant antimicrobial activity. Clove hydrolate was among the most antimicrobially active agents, most preferably against C. albicans, with an inhibition zone up to 23.5 mm. Moreover, concentrated hydrolates did not show any cytotoxic effect again8 st human A549 cells. In the presence of the non-concentrated hydrolates, significantly reduced biofilm formation was observed; however, with concentrated clove hydrolate, there was an increase in biofilm formation, e.g., of A. thereius, A. lanthieri, and A. butzleri. Research shows new findings about hydrolates that may be important in natural medicine or for preservation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Šilha
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (K.Š.); (K.K.); (E.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Karolína Švarcová
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (K.Š.); (K.K.); (E.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Tomáš Bajer
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (T.B.); (K.M.)
| | - Karel Královec
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (K.Š.); (K.K.); (E.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Eliška Tesařová
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (K.Š.); (K.K.); (E.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Kristýna Moučková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (T.B.); (K.M.)
| | - Marcela Pejchalová
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (K.Š.); (K.K.); (E.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Petra Bajerová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic; (T.B.); (K.M.)
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Antibacterial activity of plant species used for oral health against Porphyromonas gingivalis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239316. [PMID: 33031410 PMCID: PMC7544490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is the keystone pathogen of periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease which causes tooth loss and deterioration of gingiva. Medicinal plants have been traditionally used for oral hygiene and health and might play a role as antibacterial agents against oral pathogens. In this work, we aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of plants used for oral hygiene or symptoms of periodontitis against P. gingivalis. We first reviewed the literature to identify plant species used for oral hygiene or symptoms of periodontitis. Then, we cross-checked this species list with our in-house library of plant extracts to select extracts for testing. Antibacterial activity tests were then performed for each plant extract against P. gingivalis, and their cytotoxicity was assessed on HaCaT cells. The selectivity index (SI) was then calculated. A total of 416 plant species belonging to 110 families and 305 genera were documented through our literature search, and 158 plant species were noted as being used by North American Native peoples Once cross-checked with the extracts contained in our library of natural products, 30 matches were identified and 21 were defined as high priority. Of the 109 extracts from 21 plant species selected and tested, 21 extracts from 11 plants had higher than 90% inhibition on P. gingivalis at 64 μg/mL and were further selected for MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) assays. Out of 21 plant extracts, 13 extracts (7 plant species) had a SI > 10. Pistacia lentiscus fruits showed the best MIC with value of 8 μg/mL, followed by Zanthoxylum armatum fruits/seeds with a MIC of 16 μg/mL. P. lentiscus fruits also showed the highest SI of 256. Most of the extracts tested present promising antibacterial activity and low cytotoxicity. Further testing for biofilm eradication and examination of activity against other dental pathogens and oral commensals should be performed to confirm the potential of these extracts as antibacterial agents. Future work will focus on application of a bioassay-guided fractionation approach to isolating and identifying the most active natural products in the top performing extracts. This study can serve as a basis for their future development as ingredients for oral hygiene products.
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Paranagama MP, Piyarathne NS, Nandasena TL, Jayatilake S, Navaratne A, Galhena BP, Williams S, Rajapakse J, Kita K. The Porphyromonas gingivalis inhibitory effects, antioxidant effects and the safety of a Sri Lankan traditional betel quid - an in vitro study. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:259. [PMID: 32819379 PMCID: PMC7439561 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Sri Lankan traditional betel quid (TBQ) which had been extensively used in the country before its colonization is claimed to have antiperiodontopathic effects in the Sri Lankan folklore. However, there is no reported scientific evidence to support the claimed antiperiodontopathic effects mediated by this TBQ. The present study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of the Sri Lankan TBQ in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Methods We investigate the ethyl acetate extract of the Sri Lankan TBQ for its antibacterial effects against the keystone periodontopathic bacterium, P. gingivalis and also its antioxidant potential, which is important to protect the periodontium from oxidative stress. Further, its safety was analyzed using the cytokinesis block micronucleus assay on human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). Results Ethyl acetate extract of this TBQ inhibited the growth of P. gingivalis with a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 125 μg/ml. It was found to be a rich source of polyphenols and displayed considerable DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities and a strong ferric reducing antioxidant power. This extract could protect the cultured human gingival fibroblasts from H2O2 induced oxidative stress. In addition, this TBQ extract was not genotoxic to human PBLs even at a concentration of 2.5 mg/ml. Moreover, it exhibited protective effects against bleomycin induced genotoxicity in PBLs. Conclusion Ethyl acetate extract of the Sri Lankan TBQ is a source of natural antibacterial compounds against P. gingivalis. It is also a source of natural antioxidants which can protect human gingival fibroblasts from H2O2 induced oxidative stress. These properties of the TBQ may have contributed to its claimed antiperiodontopathic effects. Besides, it was found to be relatively non-toxic to human cells. Thus this TBQ extract has a huge potential to be developed as a novel adjunctive therapeutic lead against periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tharanga Lakmali Nandasena
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Sumedha Jayatilake
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Ayanthi Navaratne
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Bandula Prasanna Galhena
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | - Senani Williams
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | - Jayantha Rajapakse
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Kiyoshi Kita
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
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Taheri Y, Suleria HAR, Martins N, Sytar O, Beyatli A, Yeskaliyeva B, Seitimova G, Salehi B, Semwal P, Painuli S, Kumar A, Azzini E, Martorell M, Setzer WN, Maroyi A, Sharifi-Rad J. Myricetin bioactive effects: moving from preclinical evidence to potential clinical applications. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:241. [PMID: 32738903 PMCID: PMC7395214 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03033-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several flavonoids have been recognized as nutraceuticals, and myricetin is a good example. Myricetin is commonly found in plants and their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities is well demonstrated. One of its beneficial biological effects is the neuroprotective activity, showing preclinical activities on Alzheimer, Parkinson, and Huntington diseases, and even in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Also, myricetin has revealed other biological activities, among them as antidiabetic, anticancer, immunomodulatory, cardiovascular, analgesic and antihypertensive. However, few clinical trials have been performed using myricetin as nutraceutical. Thus, this review provides new insights on myricetin preclinical pharmacological activities, and role in selected clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Taheri
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Oksana Sytar
- Department of Plant Biology Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Institute of Biology, Volodymyrska str., 64, Kyiv, 01033 Ukraine
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Ahmet Beyatli
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, University of Health Sciences, 34668 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Balakyz Yeskaliyeva
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Gulnaz Seitimova
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Bahare Salehi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Prabhakar Semwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001 India
- Uttarakhand State Council for Science and Technology, Vigyan Dham, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007 India
| | - Sakshi Painuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001 India
- Himalayan Environmental Studies and Conservation Organization, Prem Nagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001 India
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Uttarakhand Council for Biotechnology, Silk Park, Prem Nagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007 India
| | - Elena Azzini
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Universidad de Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile
| | - William N. Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043 USA
| | - Alfred Maroyi
- Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700 South Africa
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Zabol Medicinal Plants Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
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Effect of polyherbal microemulsion on Staphylococcus epidermidis: Formulation development, CCD based optimization, characterization, and antibacterial activity by scanning electron microscopy. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Bansal V, Gupta M, Bhaduri T, Shaikh SA, Sayed FR, Bansal V, Agrawal A. Assessment of Antimicrobial Effectiveness of Neem and Clove Extract Against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans: An In vitro Study. Niger Med J 2020; 60:285-289. [PMID: 32180657 PMCID: PMC7053276 DOI: 10.4103/nmj.nmj_20_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is increasing interest to develop antimicrobial aids from alternative sources such as medicinal plants for the treatment of infectious diseases. Neem and clove are known to have antimicrobial properties. Aim The study aimed at detecting the antibacterial and antifungal activity of neem and clove extract against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Materials and Methods Strains of S. mutans and C. albicans and selective media for growing micro-organisms were procured. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using two methods, by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using the broth dilution method and determining the zone of inhibition using well diffusion method on mitis salivarius bacitracin selective for S. mutans and Saboraud's dextrose agar plates for C. albicans. One way ANOVA with post hoc analysis was done to compare the antimicrobial activity of extracts and 0.2% chlorhexidine. Results MIC of neem extract was found to be 4.2 mg/ml and 5.0 mg/ml against S. mutans and C. albicans, respectively. While for cloves, it was 5.5 mg/ml for both. Neem had the highest antibacterial activity with a mean zone of inhibition of 11.4 mm followed by chlorhexidine and cloves whereas antifungal activity was highest for chlorhexidine (14.4 mm) followed by neem and clove. Conclusion The result of the study established that both plant extracts possess antimicrobial activity against common microbes present in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Bansal
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sri Aurobindo College of Dentistry, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Gupta
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Hitkarini Dental College and Hospital, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Tapas Bhaduri
- Department of Kayachikitsa, R. D. Memorial Ayurvedic P.G. College and Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Vkalp Bansal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rishiraj College of Dental Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ankita Agrawal
- Department of Kayachikitsa, R. D. Memorial Ayurvedic P.G. College and Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Arumugam B, Subramaniam A, Alagaraj P. A Review on Impact of Medicinal Plants on the Treatment of Oral and Dental Diseases. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem 2020; 18:79-93. [PMID: 32072908 DOI: 10.2174/1871525718666200219140729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants play a vital role in the general wellbeing of an individual. Globally plants are habitually used by the people for the treatment and prevention of various ailments. There is an increased attempt made from ancient days to prevent the disease occurrence rather than to treat it. Through the development of modern scientific procedures, it is now identified that the usage of plants in different forms promotes the health of the patient. Oral and dental hygiene is the primary factor of a human being to lead a healthy life. Poor diet, nutrition and improper hygienic practices lead to teeth and gum diseases, dental cavities and plaque etc., Use of herbal extracts and their products in day-to-day life is a promising and interesting alternative to synthetic compounds to control oral diseases. The present review summarizes the usage of medicinal plants in the treatment and prevention of oral and dental diseases in different aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balakrishnan Arumugam
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Biological Sciences, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal-637215, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Arunambiga Subramaniam
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Biological Sciences, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal-637215, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Praveena Alagaraj
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Biological Sciences, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal-637215, Tamilnadu, India
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Blondeau D, St‐Pierre A, Bourdeau N, Bley J, Lajeunesse A, Desgagné‐Penix I. Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of white birch (Betula papyrifera Marshall) bark extracts. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e00944. [PMID: 31580010 PMCID: PMC6957409 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracts from white birch have been reported to possess antimicrobial properties, but no study has linked the chemical composition of bark extract with antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to identify white birch (Betula papyrifera Marshall) bark extracts with antimicrobial activity and elucidate its composition. In order to obtain the highest extraction yield, bark residues >3 mm were retained for extraction. A total of 10 extraction solvents were used to determine the extraction yield of each of them. Methanol and ethanol solvents extracted a greater proportion of molecules. When tested on eight microorganism species, the water extract proved to have the best antimicrobial potential followed by the methanol extract. The water extract inhibited all microorganisms at low concentration with minimal inhibitory concentration between 0.83 and 1.67 mg/ml. Using ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to a time-of-flight quadrupole mass spectrometer, several molecules that have already been studied for their antimicrobial properties were identified in water and methanol extracts. Catechol was identified as one of the dominant components in white birch bark water extract, and its antimicrobial activity has already been demonstrated, suggesting that catechol could be one of the main components contributing to the antimicrobial activity of this extract. Thus, extractives from forestry wastes have potential for new applications to valorize these residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Blondeau
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and PhysicsUniversity of Québec at Trois‐RivièresTrois‐RivièresQCCanada
| | - Annabelle St‐Pierre
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and PhysicsUniversity of Québec at Trois‐RivièresTrois‐RivièresQCCanada
| | | | - Julien Bley
- InnofibreCégep of Trois‐RivièresTrois‐RivièresQCCanada
| | - André Lajeunesse
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and PhysicsUniversity of Québec at Trois‐RivièresTrois‐RivièresQCCanada
| | - Isabel Desgagné‐Penix
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and PhysicsUniversity of Québec at Trois‐RivièresTrois‐RivièresQCCanada
- Groupe de Recherche en Biologie VégétaleUniversity of Québec at Trois‐RivièresTrois‐RivièresQCCanada
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Lin M, Han P, Li Y, Wang W, Lai D, Zhou L. Quinoa Secondary Metabolites and Their Biological Activities or Functions. Molecules 2019; 24:E2512. [PMID: 31324047 PMCID: PMC6651730 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) was known as the "golden grain" by the native Andean people in South America, and has been a source of valuable food over thousands of years. It can produce a variety of secondary metabolites with broad spectra of bioactivities. At least 193 secondary metabolites from quinoa have been identified in the past 40 years. They mainly include phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, and nitrogen-containing compounds. These metabolites exhibit many physiological functions, such as insecticidal, molluscicidal and antimicrobial activities, as well as various kinds of biological activities such as antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. This review focuses on our knowledge of the structures, biological activities and functions of quinoa secondary metabolites. Biosynthesis, development and utilization of the secondary metabolites especially from quinoa bran were prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyi Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peipei Han
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuying Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weixuan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Daowan Lai
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ligang Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Pentapati KC, Kukkamalla MA, Siddiq H, Sabnis N. Effectiveness of novel herbal dentifrice in control of plaque, gingivitis, and halitosis - Randomized controlled trial. J Tradit Complement Med 2019; 10:565-569. [PMID: 33134132 PMCID: PMC7588330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Plaque is a common etiological factor for common oral conditions like gingivitis, periodontitis, dental caries and halitosis. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a novel herbal dentifrice in control of plaque, gingivitis, and halitosis in comparison to control dentifrice. Experimental procedure We conducted a randomized controlled, single center, double-blinded parallel arm clinical trial. Participants were randomly distributed with commercially available herbal dentifrice or control dentifrice. Assessments of plaque, gingivitis, halitosis, unstimulated saliva pH were done at baseline and at one month by a trained and calibrated periodontist. All the participants were given new toothbrushes one week before the start of the study. They were asked to brush with the designated dentifrices for 2–4 min, twice daily for one month. Results and conclusion A total of 79 participants were recruited for this study, out of which 75 participants completed the follow-up. Inter-group comparisons of all the variables at baseline showed no significant differences in the mean plaque index, gingival index, halitosis and pH between test and control groups respectively. Intra-group comparisons showed a significant decrease in mean plaque, gingival and halitosis at follow-up than at baseline in both test and control groups. No significant differences between test and control groups were seen in the mean plaque index (P = 0.792), gingival index (P = 0.292), halitosis (P = 0.266), pH (P = 0.742) at follow-up after adjusting the respective baseline scores. The novel herbal dentifrice could be a suitable alternative for the control of plaque, gingivitis, and halitosis. Significant decrease in clinical indices at follow-up than baseline in both groups. Significant increase in salivary pH at follow-up than baseline in both groups. No significant differences were seen clinical indices between test and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyana-Chakravarthy Pentapati
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
- Corresponding author. Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | - Meena Anand Kukkamalla
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Hanan Siddiq
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Neeraja Sabnis
- Manager (R and D for Cosmetics), Sriveda Sattva Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore, India
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Minami M, Takase H, Taira M, Makino T. In Vitro Effect of the Traditional Medicine Hainosan (Painongsan) on Porphyromonas gingivalis. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 6:E58. [PMID: 31137477 PMCID: PMC6630747 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Hainosan (Painongsan) is a traditional Japanese and Chinese medicine that is used to treat several purulent diseases, including gingivitis and periodontitis. This formulation contains three crude drug components: The dried immature fruit of Citrus aurantium (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), the dried root of Paeonia lactiflora (Paeoniae Radix), and the dried root of Platycodon grandiflorum (Platycodi Radix). Here we evaluated the in vitro antibacterial effects of hainosan extract (HNS) and extracts of its three components against Porphyromonas gingivalis, one of the pathogenic bacteria that causes periodontitis. Methods: The antibacterial activities of HNS and its components were examined by counting the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) and through transmission electron microscopy. Results: We found that HNS had direct antibacterial activity against three P. gingivalis isolates (JCM12257, JCM8525, and JCM19600), with HNS-treated cells being significantly smaller than those of untreated bacteria. Extracts of Platycodi Radix and Paeoniae Radix significantly suppressed the growth of P. gingivalis in a dose-dependent manner, with Platycodi Radix extract having the greatest antibacterial effect. In addition, P. gingivalis that were treated with Platycodi Radix extract were significantly larger than those treated with Aurantii Fructus Immaturus or Paeoniae Radix extracts. Further analysis showed that platycodin D, which is one of the ingredients of Platycodi Radix, reduced bacterial growth. Conclusions: Platycodi Radix is the active component in Hainosan and may represent a useful agent for the treatment of P. gingivalis-induced gingivitis and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Minami
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Takase
- Core Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Masayo Taira
- JPS Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 4-42-22 Higashiyamata, Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama 224-0023, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Makino
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan.
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Chua LK, Lim CL, Ling APK, Chye SM, Koh RY. Anticancer Potential of Syzygium Species: a Review. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 74:18-27. [PMID: 30535971 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-018-0704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a preventable and treatable disease, however, the incidence rates are on the rise. Classical treatment modalities for cancer include surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, these are associated with detrimental side effects such as nausea and emesis. Therefore, researchers currently vest interest in complementary and alternative medicines for cancer treatment and prevention. Plants such as Syzygium sp. are a common basis of complementary medicines due to its abundance of bioactive phytochemicals. Numerous natural compounds derived from Syzygium sp., such as phenolics, oleanolic acids, and betulinic acids, and dimethyl cardamonins, were reported to have anticancer effects. Many possess the ability to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. In this review, we discuss the vast potential Syzygium sp. harbours as a source of anticancer natural compounds due to its abundance, easy acceptability, affordability and safety for regular consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Kee Chua
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chooi Ling Lim
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anna Pick Kiong Ling
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soi Moi Chye
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rhun Yian Koh
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Levy DH, Chapple ILC, Shapira L, Golan-Goldhirsh A, Gopas J, Polak D. Nupharidine enhances Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans clearance by priming neutrophils and augmenting their effector functions. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 46:62-71. [PMID: 30372545 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nupharidine (6,6'-Dihydroxythiobinupharidine), purified from the aquatic plant Nuphar lutea leaves (Water lily) prompts antimicrobial activity of immune cells. The aim of the study was to test the effect of Nupharidine on neutrophil function against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, JP2 clone (Aa-JP2). METHODS Neutrophils derived from the human cell line HL60 and human peripheral blood derived from aggressive periodontitis and periodontally healthy subjects were incubated with Nupharidine or vehicle and inoculated with JP2. Bacterial survival was tested using viable counts on blood agar (CFU's). Neutrophils' necrosis/apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, phagocytosis and neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) production following infection were tested, as well as markers of neutrophil priming. RESULTS Nupharidine had no direct bactericidal effect on JP2, but it enhanced Aa-JP2 clearance by neutrophils. Nupharidine enhanced neutrophil phagocytosis, ROS production and NET formation during JP2 infection. Furthermore, Nupharidine enhanced the expression of certain markers of neutrophils priming, specifically iCAM1, DECTIN-2 and intracellular IL-1β. CONCLUSION Nupharidine was shown to promote neutrophil effector bactericidal functions, boosting Aa-JP2 clearance. The results point to the potential of Nupharidine as an adjunctive agent in the treatment of Aa-JP2 periodontitis, but this should be tested initially using pre-clinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Henry Levy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Iain L C Chapple
- Periodontal Research Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham Community Health Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lior Shapira
- Department of Periodontology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avi Golan-Goldhirsh
- The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Jacob Gopas
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.,Department of Oncology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - David Polak
- Department of Periodontology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Ramalingam K, Amaechi BT. Antimicrobial effect of herbal extract of Acacia arabica with triphala on the biofilm forming cariogenic microorganisms. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2018; 11:322-328. [PMID: 30389224 PMCID: PMC7527819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental caries is a biofilm-related infectious disease with a multifactorial etiology, over five billion inhabitants have affected worldwide due to this disease. Objective Antimicrobial efficacy of a mixed herbal powder extract (MHPE) against cariogenic microorganisms was investigated. Materials and methods MIC, MBC, kinetics of killing, biofilm disruption and anticaries effect of MHPE were determined. For biofilm disruption, biofilms of Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, Actinomyces viscosus and Candida albicans were treated with MHPE for 30 min and attached cells were quantified after staining. For live/dead staining biofilm assay, S. mutans biofilm treated with MHPE for 1min, 5min and 1 h was examined with confocal laser scanning system after live/dead staining. Efficacy was experimented by structural quality using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Anticaries effect was determined by formation of caries-like lesion in continuous flow biofilm model. Results MHPE exhibited inhibition zones ranging from 12.5 to 24.0 mm. The highest inhibition zone was recorded at concentration of 50 μg/ml. MIC for S. mutans was between 12.23 and 36.7 μg/ml, while the MBC values ranged from 36.7 to 110.65 μg/ml. Inhibitory concentration of MHPE was three fold higher than CHLX. Significant reduction of cell count (49–95%) was observed with increasing time and higher concentration. Percentage biofilm reduction compare with negative control was 96.9% (A. viscosus), 94% (C. albicans), 99.8% (L. casei) and 91.7% (S. mutans). For MHPE-treated biofilm, live/dead staining demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) higher in deceased red fluorescence areas in all kinetics points from 53.6% (1min) to 85% (1h). SEM confirmed the damage in the outer layers of S. mutans. MHPE has components with effective antibacterial activity against caries-inducing microorganisms. Conclusion The anti-adherence and anti-biofilm effect as well as the faster killing activity suggests that MHPE formula has effective antibacterial activity and could be a useful source of anti-cariogenic agents in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Ramalingam
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Institute of Science and Technology, GST Road, Vandalur, Chennai, 600 048, India.
| | - Bennett T Amaechi
- Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, MC 7914, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
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Gerstel J, Turner T, Ruiz G, Wise J, Stein A, Jones G, Morin T, Pinazza T, Sukhorukov E, Clark D, Steen T, Wright B, Langland J. Identification of botanicals with potential therapeutic use against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. Phytother Res 2018; 32:2577-2585. [PMID: 30251279 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen. Over- and improper-use of pharmaceuticals against S. aureus has led to the development of antibiotic resistance, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). This study examined the efficacy of botanical extracts as an alternative form of treatment to S. aureus and MRSA, including penicillin/methicillin-resistant S. aureus (PenR ), and multidrug resistant S. aureus (MDR). Initial screening of botanicals was done via a minimum inhibitory concentration procedure. In addition, a temporal growth curve was performed in order to quantify the growth of the bacteria in the presence of the extracts. Results demonstrated 13 botanicals that had varying activities against S. aureus, PenR , and MDR. These botanicals were separated into mild, moderate, and highly efficacious based on the concentration needed to inhibit bacterial growth. These results propose a comparison of botanical-derived antimicrobial extracts that may be utilized against S. aureus and different antibiotic resistant strains of MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Gerstel
- Center for Intergrative Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Tiffany Turner
- Center for Intergrative Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Guillermo Ruiz
- Center for Intergrative Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Justin Wise
- Center for Intergrative Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Ashley Stein
- Center for Intergrative Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Greg Jones
- Center for Intergrative Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Tanya Morin
- Center for Intergrative Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Tony Pinazza
- Center for Intergrative Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Elena Sukhorukov
- Center for Intergrative Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Donna Clark
- Center for Intergrative Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Taelor Steen
- Center for Intergrative Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Berlin Wright
- Center for Intergrative Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Jeffrey Langland
- Center for Intergrative Naturopathic Research, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine, Tempe, Arizona.,Arizona State University, Biodesign Institute, Tempe, Arizona
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Kadri Y, Nciri R, Bardaa S, Brahmi N, Saber S, Harrath AH, Aldahmash W, Alwasel S, Mohany M, El Feki A, Salah Allagui M. Syzygium Aromaticum Alleviates Cerium Chloride-Induced Neurotoxic Effect In The Adult Mice. Toxicol Mech Methods 2018; 29:26-34. [PMID: 30064281 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2018.1506849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have brought to light the toxic effect of cerium chloride (CeCl3) but very little is known about the oxidative brain injury caused by this metal. Medical plants have a well-recognized role in the management of damage caused by pollutants such as CeCl3. Syzygium aromaticum, a potent natural source of bioactive compounds and rich in secondary metabolites, has a broad range of biological functions. The aim of this study is to investigate the capacity of Syzygium aromaticum ethanol extract (ESA) to improve the adverse effects of CeCl3 in the brain tissue. Adult mice were exposed to CeCl3 (20 mg/kg body weight [BW]), with or without ESA, for 60 days. We investigate mice's behavior, damages of cholinergic system and oxidative stress parameters in mice brain. In the present study, in vitro test confirmed that ESA has antioxidant capacity attributed to the presence of flavonoids, polyphenols, and tannins contents. In vivo study showed that CeCl3 caused brain injuries manifested in memory impairment, increase in acetylcholinesterase activity, oxidative stress biomarkers (lipid, proteins, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems), and histopathological alteration in brain tissue. Addition of ESA repaired memory impairment, decreased acetylcholinesterase activity, restored oxidative state, and prevented histopathological alteration. In conclusion, the experimental results showed the protective effects of ethanol extract of Syzygium aromaticum against cerium-induced brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamina Kadri
- a Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Riadh Nciri
- a Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia.,b Faculty of Sciences and Technology of Sidi Bouzid, University of Kairouan , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Sana Bardaa
- c Laboratory of Pharmacology, Sfax Medicine Faculty , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Noura Brahmi
- a Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Saidi Saber
- a Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia.,d Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts- Khulais , University of Jeddah , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel Halim Harrath
- e Zoology Department, College of Sciences , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Aldahmash
- e Zoology Department, College of Sciences , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alwasel
- e Zoology Department, College of Sciences , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Mohany
- e Zoology Department, College of Sciences , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelfatteh El Feki
- a Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Salah Allagui
- a Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
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Özyurt A, Elmas Ç, Seymen CM, Peker VT, Altunkaynak B, Güngör MN. Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy With a Herbal Extract on Alveolar Bone Healing. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 76:287.e1-287.e10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Aoyama H, Sakagami H, Hatano T. Three new flavonoids, proanthocyanidin, and accompanying phenolic constituents from Feijoa sellowiana. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:31-41. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1412246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Our investigation of phenolic constituents of fruits, flower buds, and leaves of Feijoa sellowiana led to the isolation of twenty-one phenolics including three new gossypetin glycosides 1–3, and also the purification of a proanthocyanidin fraction. A high-performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous analysis of phenolic constituents was established and then used to investigate the phenolic profiles of the parts of the plant species, to show the presence of characteristic flavonoids and ellagic acid derivatives or ellagitannins in the extracts from fruits, flower buds, and leaves. The branch extract profile also suggested the presence of alkylated ellagic acids as characteristic constituents. Inhibitory effects of feijoa flavonoids on mushroom tyrosinase were seen, although in some cases this may have resulted from direct interaction with the enzyme. Cytotoxic effect of the proanthocyanidin fraction was also shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroe Aoyama
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sakagami
- Meikai University Research Institute of Odontology (M-RIO), Saitama, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Hatano
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Antibiofilm and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Houttuynia cordata Decoction for Oral Care. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:2850947. [PMID: 29234378 PMCID: PMC5662838 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2850947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Dental biofilms that form in the oral cavity play a critical role in the pathogenesis of several infectious oral diseases, including dental caries, periodontal disease, and oral candidiasis. Houttuynia cordata (HC, Saururaceae) is a widely used traditional medicine, for both internal and external application. A decoction of dried HC leaves (dHC) has long been consumed as a health-promoting herbal tea in Japan. We have recently reported that a water solution of HC poultice ethanol extract (wHCP) exerts antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects against several important oral pathogens. It also exhibits anti-inflammatory effects on human keratinocytes. In our current study, we examined the effects of dHC on infectious oral pathogens and inflammation. Our results demonstrated that dHC exerts moderate antimicrobial effects against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and other oral microorganisms. dHC also exhibited antibiofilm effects against MRSA, Fusobacterium nucleatum (involved in dental plaque formation), and Candida albicans and inhibitory effects on interleukin-8, CCL20, IP-10, and GROα productions by human oral keratinocytes stimulated by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (a cause of periodontal disease), without cytotoxic effects. This suggests that dHC exhibits multiple activities in microorganisms and host cells. dHC can be easily prepared and may be effective in preventing infectious oral diseases.
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Murhekar S, Wright MH, Greene AC, Brownlie JC, Cock IE. Inhibition of Shewanella spp. growth by Syzygium australe and Syzygium luehmannii extracts: natural methods for the prevention of fish spoilage. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2017; 54:3314-3326. [PMID: 28974817 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2782-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Syzygium australe and Syzygium luehmannii fruit and leaf were investigated for their ability to inhibit Shewanella spp. growth. Extracts of both Syzygium spp. displayed potent growth inhibitory properties against all Shewanella spp. tested in disc diffusion and liquid diffusion assays. In general, S. australe extracts were more potent inhibitors of Shewanella spp. growth, and the fruit extracts were generally better than the corresponding leaf extracts. The methanolic S. australe fruit extract was a particularly potent inhibitor of all Shewanella spp. growth, with MIC values as low as 87 µg/mL. The aqueous and ethyl acetate S. australe fruit extracts were similarly potent inhibitors of Shewanella spp. growth, albeit with slightly higher MIC values. Several other Syzygium spp. extracts also were potent bacterial growth inhibitors, albeit with MIC values generally >1000 µg/mL. The most potent S. australe fruit extracts were nontoxic in the Artemia franciscana bioassay, with LC50 values substantially >1000 µg/mL. The potent bacterial growth inhibitory activity and lack of toxicity of the S. australe fruit extracts indicate their potential as natural fish and seafood preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Murhekar
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Natural Sciences, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | - Jeremy Colin Brownlie
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Natural Sciences, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ian Edwin Cock
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Natural Sciences, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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Prediction of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Mexican Propolis by 1H-NMR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics Data Analysis. Molecules 2017. [PMCID: PMC6152011 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A feasibility study to predict antimicrobial and antioxidant activity properties of propolis extracts using 700-MHz 1H-NMR spectra and multivariate regression data analysis is presented. The study was conducted with thirty-five propolis samples to develop a rapid and reliable method for the evaluation of their quality. The extracts have been evaluated by measuring phenolic and flavonoid contents; the antioxidant activity; and the antimicrobial activity. The obtained spectral data were submitted to multivariate calibration (partial least squares (PLS) and orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS)) to correlate the relative intensity and position of NMR resonance peaks with the metabolites contents and biological activities. The developed PLS and OPLS model were successfully applied to the determination of the target properties for proof of the concept. The OPLS observed vs. predicted properties plots indicate the absence of systematic errors with determination coefficients between the ranges 0.7207 to 0.9990. Up to 86.1% of explication of variation in the spectral data and 99.9% in the measured properties were attained with 88.6% of prediction capabilities in the best case (S. mutans activity) according to the cross-validation procedure. The figures of merit of the developed PLS and OPLS methods were evaluated and compared as well.
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Nikoui V, Ostadhadi S, Bakhtiarian A, Abbasi-Goujani E, Habibian-Dehkordi S, Rezaei-Roshan M, Foroohandeh M, Giorgi M. The anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of clove oil in healthy dogs after surgery. PHARMANUTRITION 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Jeon SJ, Kim B, Ryu B, Kim E, Lee S, Jang DS, Ryu JH. Biflorin Ameliorates Memory Impairments Induced by Cholinergic Blockade in Mice. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2017; 25:249-258. [PMID: 27829270 PMCID: PMC5424634 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the effect of biflorin, a component of Syzygium aromaticum, on memory deficit, we introduced a scopolamine-induced cognitive deficit mouse model. A single administration of biflorin increased latency time in the passive avoidance task, ameliorated alternation behavior in the Y-maze, and increased exploration time in the Morris water maze task, indicating the improvement of cognitive behaviors against cholinergic dysfunction. The biflorin-induced reverse of latency in the scopolamine-treated group was attenuated by MK-801, an NMDA receptor antagonist. Biflorin also enhanced cognitive function in a naïve mouse model. To understand the mechanism of biflorin for memory amelioration, we performed Western blot. Biflorin increased the activation of protein kinase C-ζ and its downstream signaling molecules in the hippocampus. These results suggest that biflorin ameliorates drug-induced memory impairment by modulation of protein kinase C-ζ signaling in mice, implying that biflorin could function as a possible therapeutic agent for the treatment of cognitive problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Jin Jeon
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Boseong Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeol Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhee Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Mutheeswaran S, Kumar PS, Yuvaraj P, Duraipandiyan V, Abdullah Al-Dhabi N, Balakrishna K, Ignacimuthu S. Screening of some medicinal plants for anticariogenic activity: An investigation on bioactive constituents from Jatropha gossypifolia (L.) root. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Khan S, Imran M, Imran M, Pindari N. Antimicrobial activity of various ethanolic plant extracts against pathogenic multi drug resistant Candida spp. Bioinformation 2017; 13:67-72. [PMID: 28584446 PMCID: PMC5450247 DOI: 10.6026/97320630013067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 50 Candida isolates were isolated and identified from clinical specimens and these were tested for resistance to various antifungal drugs. It was observed multi-drug resistance in all candida isolates by 84%, 62%, 60%, 76%, 46, 30%, and 22% against fluconazole, clotrimazole, Amphotericin B, itraconazole, ketoconazole, miconazole and nystatin tested respectively. The isolates, which were found to be resistant to antifungal drugs were selected and subjected to antifungal testing against six ethanolic plants, extract namely Azadiracta indica, Allium sativum, Cordia dichotoma Ocimum sanctum, Syzygium cumini and Trigonella foenum grecum. All the plant extracts tested were found to effective against all MDR Candida isolates with inhibition zone ranging from 10- 18mm in diameter. Ethanolic extract of Allium sativum was observed most effective against the isolates among all the plants extracts tested. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of all ethanolic plant extract was recorded ranging from 1.56-25mg/ml against MDR candida isolates. Phytochemical analysis of the alcoholic plant extracts revealed the presence of alkaloid, flavanoid, glycosoid, phenol; phenol, tannins, saponins in all the plants studied. The present study may be successful in identifying the plants with different antimicrobial activity. These plants containing various phytochemicals may be exploited in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by drug-resistant microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow U.P. India
| | - Mohd Imran
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow U.P. India
| | - Mohammed Imran
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow U.P. India
| | - Nuzhat Pindari
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow U.P. India
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Bello AU, Sulaiman JA, Aliyu MS. Acute phase protein mRNA expressions and enhancement of antioxidant defense system in Black-meated Silkie Fowls supplemented with clove ( Eugenia caryophyllus) extracts under the influence of chronic heat stress. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 58:39. [PMID: 28435688 PMCID: PMC5395752 DOI: 10.1186/s40781-016-0122-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background The current study investigates the anti-stress effects of clove (Eugenia caryophyllus) extracts (0, 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg) on serum antioxidant biomarkers, immune response, immunological organ growth index, and expression levels of acute phase proteins (APPs); ovotransferrin (OVT), ceruloplasmin (CP), ceruloplasmin (AGP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and serum amyloid-A (SAA) mRNA in the immunological organs of 63-d-old male black-meated Silkie fowls subjected to 21 d chronic heat stress at 35 ± 2 °C. Results The results demonstrated that clove extract supplementation in the diet of Silkie fowls subjected to elevated temperature (ET) improve growth performance, immune responses, and suppressed the activities of glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD); reduced serum malonaldehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) concentrations when compared with fowls raised under thermoneutral condition (TC). Upon chronic heat stress and supplementation of clove extracts, the Silkie fowls showed a linear increase in GSH-Px, SOD, CAT, and TXNRD activities (P = 0.01) compared with fowls fed diets without clove extract. ET decreased (P < 0.05) the growth index of the liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus. However, the growth index of the liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus increased significantly (P < 0.05) which corresponded to an increase in clove supplemented levels. The expression of OVT, CP, AGP, CRP, and SAA mRNA in the liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus were elevated (P < 0.01) by ET compared with those maintained at TC. Nevertheless, clove mitigates heat stress-induced overexpression of OVT, CP, AGP, CRP and SAA mRNA in the immune organs of fowls fed 400 mg clove/kg compared to other groups. Conclusions The results showed that clove extracts supplementation decreased oxidative stress in the heat-stressed black-meated fowls by alleviating negative effects of heat stress via improvement in growth performance, antioxidant defense mechanisms, immunity, and regulate the expression of acute phase genes in the liver and immunological organs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40781-016-0122-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhassan Usman Bello
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.,University Farm Research, Yobe State University, 1144 Damaturu, Nigeria
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1α,2α-Epoxy-3β-hydroxy oleanolic acid derivatives regulation of the metabolism, haemolysis and β-lactamase gene expression in vitro and their structure-microbicidal activity relationship. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3870-5. [PMID: 27436581 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA), one of the major pentacyclic triterpenes abundantly present in nature, is a promising compound with various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, fungicidal and antiparasitic properties. Therefore, a series of derivatives of 1α,2α-epoxy-3β-hydroxyl oleanolic acid derivatives were designed and synthesized, and their antibacterial activities were investigated in vitro. Based on these results, the compounds with antibacterial activity were screened by RT-PCR to determine whether they can regulate the expression of genes related to metabolism, haemolysis, and β-lactamase in vitro, and the structure-microbicidal activity relationship of each compound was analyzed. Our study shows that some of the modifications in the synthetic compounds, such as the introduction of an ortho-cyano-substituted benzyl group and a short chain alkyl ester at the 28-carboxyl, as well as the introduction of an acetyl group at the 3-hydroxyl group of ring A, could enhance antibacterial activity. This provides basic evidence for the optimization of 1α,2α-epoxy-3β-hydroxyl oleanolic acid derivatives. The antibacterial mechanism of the active OA derivatives appears to involve the regulation of expression of metabolism-associated genes in Escherichia coli, haemolysis-associated genes in Bacillus subtilis, metabolism-related genes in Klebsiella pneumonia and β-lactamase-associated genes in Acinetobacter baumannii. Some OA derivatives were bactericidal to three of the strains and appeared to regulate gene expression associated with metabolism, haemolysis, and β-lactamase in vitro. These newly designed OA derivatives possess unique antibacterial activities and may be potentially useful for prophylactic or therapeutic intervention of bacterial infections.
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El-Maati MFA, Mahgoub SA, Labib SM, Al-Gaby AM, Ramadan MF. Phenolic extracts of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) with novel antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Eur J Integr Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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