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Durán-Patrón R, Cantoral JM, Hernández-Galán R, Hanson JR, Collado IG. The biodegradation of the phytotoxic metabolite botrydial by its parent organism, Botrytis cinerea. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/0308234041423583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of the growth of Botrytis cinerea has been found to be directly proportional to the concentration of its metabolite, botrydial (1). The fungus transforms botrydial (1) to the less active phytotoxins dihydrobotrydial (2), botryenedial (3), and secobotrytrienediol (4). Two main biodegradative pathways of botrydial (1) and the interconversion of the botryane toxins excreted by B. cinerea are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Durán-Patrón
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Apartado 40, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Cantoral
- Microbiology and Genetic Lab, Marine Science Faculty, Universidad de Cádiz, Apdo. 40, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Rosario Hernández-Galán
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Apartado 40, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - James R. Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Isidro G. Collado
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Apartado 40, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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Xie S, Wu Y, Qiao Y, Guo Y, Wang J, Hu Z, Zhang Q, Li X, Huang J, Zhou Q, Luo Z, Liu J, Zhu H, Xue Y, Zhang Y. Protoilludane, Illudalane, and Botryane Sesquiterpenoids from the Endophytic Fungus Phomopsis sp. TJ507A. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:1311-1320. [PMID: 29771527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To explore the chemical diversity of metabolites from endophytic fungi, the strain Phomopsis sp. TJ507A, isolated from the medicinal plant Phyllanthus glaucus, was investigated. A 2,3- seco-protoilludane-type sesquiterpenoid (1), eight protoilludane-type sesquiterpenoids (2-9), four illudalane-type sesquiterpenoids (10a/10b, 11, and 12), and a botryane-type sesquiterpenoid (13) in addition to seven known sesquiterpenoids (14-20) were identified from the liquid culture of the fungus. Structures of the isolated compounds, including their absolute configurations, were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analyses, a modified Mosher analysis, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, and [Rh2(OCOCF3)4]-induced ECD spectra as well as X-ray crystallographic analyses. Compound 1 represents the first example of a naturally occurring sesquiterpenoid containing the unusual 2,3- seco-protoilludane scaffold. Compounds 1 ( p < 0.001); 2-6, 15, and 18 ( p < 0.01); and 7, 9, and 20 ( p < 0.05) displayed β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) inhibitory activities ranging from 19.4% to 43.8% at the concentration of 40 μM. LY2811376 was used as the positive control with an inhibitory activity of 38.6% ( p < 0.01). Furthermore, none of these compounds showed obvious hepatotoxicity at concentration of 40 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Xie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Wu
- Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuben Qiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengxi Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zengwei Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Junjun Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hucheng Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yongbo Xue
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , People's Republic of China
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Qiao C, Zhang W, Han JC, Li CC. Catalytic Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Hypocrolide A. Org Lett 2016; 18:4932-4935. [PMID: 27619953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The first and catalytic enantioselective total synthesis of hypocrolide A (>99% ee) in 12 steps, as well as other botryanes, is described. The absolute configurations of these compounds have been unambiguously confirmed or reassigned accordingly. The key reactions in this study include an unusual rhodium-catalyzed intramolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition and a biomimetic oxidative [3 + 2] cycloaddition based on our revised biogenetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Qiao
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055, China.,Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jing-Chun Han
- Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chuang-Chuang Li
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055, China.,Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China , Shenzhen 518055, China
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Ren F, Zhu S, Wang B, Li L, Liu X, Su R, Che Y. Hypocriols A-F, Heterodimeric Botryane Ethers from Hypocrea sp., an Insect-Associated Fungus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:1848-1856. [PMID: 27328173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The new heterodimeric botryane ethers hypocriols A-F (1-6) and the known compounds 4β-acetoxy-9β,10β,15α-trihydroxyprobotrydial (7), dihydrobotrydial (8), 10-oxodehydrodihydrobotrydial (9), and dehydrobotrydienol (10) were isolated from the solid cultures of an insect-associated fungus Hypocrea sp. The structures of 1-6 were elucidated primarily by NMR experiments. The absolute configuration of 1 was assigned using the modified Mosher method and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, whereas those for 3-5, and 2 and 6 were deduced via ECD calculations and circular dichroism data, respectively. Compounds 1-6 appear to be the first heterodimeric botryane ethers and showed antiproliferative effects against a small panel of four human tumor cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology & Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology , Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaiming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology & Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology , Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology & Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology , Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruibin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology & Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology , Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology & Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology , Beijing 100850, People's Republic of China
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Surup F, Kuhnert E, Liscinskij E, Stadler M. Silphiperfolene-Type Terpenoids and Other Metabolites from Cultures of the Tropical Ascomycete Hypoxylon rickii (Xylariaceae). NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2015; 5:167-73. [PMID: 26077652 PMCID: PMC4488154 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-015-0065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A culture isolated from ascospores of Hypoxylon rickii, a xylariaceous ascomycete collected in Martinique, had yielded botryane, noreremophilane and abietane-type terpenoids in a preceding study, but additional metabolites were detected by extensive HPLC-MS analysis in other fractions. Herein we report the further isolation of four new sesquiterpenoids with a silphiperfol-6-ene skeleton from extracts of H. rickii. The planar structures were elucidated by NMR and HRMS data as 13-hydroxysilphiperfol-6-ene (1), 9-hydroxysilphiperfol-6-en-13-oic acid (2), 2-hydroxysilphiperfol-6-en-13-oic acid (3) and 15-hydroxysilphiperfol-6-en-13-oic acid (4). For compounds 2-4 we propose the trivial names rickinic acids A-C. Their stereochemistry was assigned by ROESY correlations as well as by the specific optical rotation. Additionally, the known compounds, botryenanol, dehydrobotrydienol, cyclo(Phe-Pro), cyclo(Pro-Leu), (+)-ramulosin and α-eleostearic acid were isolated. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of the new compounds are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Surup
- />Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- />German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Eric Kuhnert
- />Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- />German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Elena Liscinskij
- />Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marc Stadler
- />Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- />German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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Bao YR, Chen GD, Gao H, He RR, Wu YH, Li XX, Hu D, Wang CX, Liu XZ, Li Y, Yao XS. 4,5-seco-Probotryenols A–C, a new type of sesquiterpenoids from Stachybotrys bisbyi. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra07122d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
4,5-seco-Probotryenols A–C (1–3), a new type of sesquiterpenoids named seco-probotryane-type sesquiterpenoid, have been obtained from Stachybotrys bisbyi, along with five new botryane skeleton sesquiterpenoids (4, 5, and 8–10).
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Yuan Y, Feng Y, Ren F, Niu S, Liu X, Che Y. A Botryane Metabolite with a New Hexacyclic Skeleton from an Entomogenous Fungus Hypocrea sp. Org Lett 2013; 15:6050-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol402953k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Beijing 100850, People’s Republic of China, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Beijing 100850, People’s Republic of China, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengxia Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Beijing 100850, People’s Republic of China, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shubin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Beijing 100850, People’s Republic of China, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Beijing 100850, People’s Republic of China, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Che
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Beijing 100850, People’s Republic of China, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China
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Feng T, Li ZH, Dong ZJ, Su J, Li Y, Liu JK. Non-isoprenoid botryane sesquiterpenoids from basidiomycete Boletus edulis and their cytotoxic activity. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2011; 1:29-32. [PMCID: PMC4131704 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-011-0005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Three non-isoprenoid botryane sesquiterpenoids, named boledulins A-C (1–3), have been isolated from the cultures of basidiomycete Boletus edulis Bull. The structures were established by means of spectroscopic methods. Boledulin A (1) exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against five human cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Zheng-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Ze-Jun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Jia Su
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Ji-Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
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Shiina I, Fukui H. Chemistry and structural determination of botcinolides, botcinins, and botcinic acids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:385-400. [DOI: 10.1039/b814375g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fukui H, Shiina I. Total Synthesis of Botcinolides and Botcinins; Determination of the Structure of Natural Products Isolated from Botrytis cinerea. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2009. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.67.628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Six New Induced Sesquiterpenes from the Cultures of Ascomycete Daldinia concentrica. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2008; 61:556-62. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2008.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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2-epi-botcinin A and 3-O-acetylbotcineric acid from Botrytis cinerea. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2007; 71:2592-5. [PMID: 17928694 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.70334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Two metabolites, 2-epi-botcinin A and 3-O-acetylbotcineric acid, were isolated from Botrytis cinerea (AEM211). The former compound was new, and the latter was known but structurally revised by us. In a test for antifungal activity against Magnaporthe grisea, a pathogen of rice blast disease, 2-epi-botcinin A was 8 times less active than botcinin A (MIC 100 microM), and the MIC value for 3-O-acetylbotcineric acid being 100 microM.
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Collado IG, Sánchez AJM, Hanson JR. Fungal terpene metabolites: biosynthetic relationships and the control of the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Nat Prod Rep 2007; 24:674-86. [PMID: 17653354 DOI: 10.1039/b603085h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structures and biosynthesis of the sesquiterpenoid metabolites of Botrytis cinerea and their relationship to the presilphiperfolanes are reviewed. The development of a novel strategy for the control of this phytopathogenic fungus based on analogues of these metabolites is described. There are 75 references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidro González Collado
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Apdo. 40, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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The role of botrydienediol in the biodegradation of the sesquiterpenoid phytotoxin botrydial by Botrytis cinerea. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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ZHANG JL, ZHANG LH, LIU YC, MA J, LI C, DONG JG. The Herbicidal Activity of Mutant Isolates from Botrytis cinerea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1671-2927(06)60102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Durán-Patrón R, Colmenares AJ, Montes A, Hanson JR, Hernández-Galán R, Collado IG. Studies on the biosynthesis of secobotryane skeleton. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)01025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Santos M, Rebordinos L, Gutiérrez S, Cardoza RE, Martín JF, Cantoral JM. Characterization of the gdhA gene from the phytopathogen Botrytis cinerea. Fungal Genet Biol 2001; 34:193-206. [PMID: 11728157 DOI: 10.1006/fgbi.2001.1298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A 3.48-kb DNA region containing the gdhA gene, which codifies the NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase enzyme from Botrytis cinerea, has been cloned and characterized. A fragment of 2351 nucleotides was sequenced and found to contain an ORF of 1350 bp that encodes a protein of 450 amino acids. The gene, containing two introns that showed polymorphic size between them, was located by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in chromosome X in seven strains, which were isolated from several hosts and had different levels of pathogenesis. The protein was similar to the gdhA of various other organisms, with nine highly conserved motifs that included the known active site sequence. The cloned gene was proven to be functional since it complemented two different Aspergillus nidulans gdhA mutants, restoring high levels of NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase activity to the transformants. gdhA was transcribed as a monocistronic transcript of 1.7 kb starting at an A or a T, located 40 or 47 bp, respectively, upstream from the initial ATG codon of the ORF. Transcription levels of the gdhA gene were high during the rapid growth phase. Very high expression levels of the gdhA gene were observed in media with asparagine as the nitrogen source, whereas glutamic acid repressed transcription of the gdhA gene. Similarly high levels of gdhA gene transcription were observed in media with acetate as the carbon source, while glycerol strongly repressed gdhA gene transcription. These results indicate that expression of the gdhA gene is subject to strong nitrogen and carbon regulation at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Santos
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Puerto Real (Cádiz), E11510, Spain
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Deighton N, Muckenschnabel I, Colmenares AJ, Collado IG, Williamson B. Botrydial is produced in plant tissues infected by Botrytis cinerea. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2001; 57:689-692. [PMID: 11397435 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(01)00088-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The fungal metabolite botrydial was detected for the first time in ripe fruits of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) wound-inoculated with conidial suspensions of Botrytis cinerea and also in leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris and Arabidopsis thaliana inoculated without wounding. This phytotoxin was produced in soft rot regions of the infection. In C. annuum, the most aggressive isolate produced the highest botrydial concentrations in planta. The levels of botrydial produced by this isolate did not correlate with the reported relative susceptibilities of four P. vulgaris genotypes. The results suggest that botrydial is a pathogenicity factor for this fungus, but not a primary determinant of pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Deighton
- Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, DD2 5DA, Dundee, Scotland, UK.
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Durán-Patrón R, Colmenares AJ, Hernández-Galán R, Collado IG. Some key metabolic intermediates in the biosynthesis of botrydial and related compounds. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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