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Ethnopharmacology, Antimicrobial Potency, and Phytochemistry of African Combretum and Pteleopsis Species (Combretaceae): A Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020264. [PMID: 36830175 PMCID: PMC9951921 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial and fungal resistance to antibiotics is of growing global concern. Plants such as the African Combretum and Pteleopsis species, which are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of infections, could be good sources for antimicrobial extracts, drug scaffolds, and/or antibiotic adjuvants. In African countries, plant species are often used in combinations as traditional remedies. It is suggested that the plant species enhance the effects of each other in these combination treatments. Thus, the multi-species-containing herbal medications could have a good antimicrobial potency. In addition, plant extracts and compounds are known to potentiate the effects of antibiotics. The objective of this review is to compile the information on the botany, ethnopharmacology, ethnobotany, and appearance in herbal markets of African species of the genera Combretum and Pteleopsis. With this ethnobotanical information as a background, this review summarizes the information on the phytochemistry and antimicrobial potency of the extracts and their active compounds, as well as their combination effects with conventional antibiotics. The databases used for the literature search were Scopus, Elsevier, EBSCOhost, PubMed, Google Scholar, and SciFinder. In summary, a number of Combretum and Pteleopsis species were reported to display significant in vitro antibacterial and antifungal efficacy. Tannins, terpenes, flavonoids, stilbenes, and alkaloids-some of them with good antimicrobial potential-are known from species of the genera Combretum and Pteleopsis. Among the most potent antimicrobial compounds are arjunglucoside I (MIC 1.9 µg/mL) and imberbic acid (MIC 1.56 µg/mL), found in both genera and in some Combretum species, respectively. The in vitro antimicrobial properties of the extracts and compounds of many Combretum and Pteleopsis species support their traditional medicinal uses.
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Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant Potential, Proximate and Trace Elements Composition of Leaves, Stems and Ashes from 12 Combretum spp. Used as Food Additives. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/ijpb13040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, twelve Combretum spp. were investigated for their phytochemical content, antioxidant potential, and their proximate and trace elements/minerals composition. The qualitative phytochemical composition of the leaves, stems, and ashes of Combretum plants analysed revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, terpenoids, steroids, cardiac glycosides, and flavonoids. The following phytoconstituents were lost in the ashes; tannins apart from C. mkuzense and C. padoides; cardiac glycosides; and flavonoids. The quantitative phytochemical analyses revealed that both the leaves, stems, and some ashes such as C. apiculatum and C. vendae contained levels of phenolic compounds, tannins, and flavonoids. DPPH screening method indicated great scavenging activity with the 70% acetone leaf extracts of C. kraussii, C. zeyheriim, and C. mkuzense. There was a significant decrease in the antioxidant activity in the ashes compared to the leaves and the stems. AOAC and ICPE protocols performed the proximate and nutritional analysis of the 70% acetone extracts. The extracts had substantial amounts of ash, moisture, protein, and energy. The leaves and ashes of C. adenogonium and C. apiculatum could provide a good source of calcium in the diet. This study presents valuable information on the phytochemical composition, nutritional composition, and antioxidant properties of some Combretum species.
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Anokwuru CP, Sandasi M, Chen W, van Vuuren S, Elisha IL, Combrinck S, Viljoen AM. Investigating antimicrobial compounds in South African Combretaceae species using a biochemometric approach. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 269:113681. [PMID: 33307052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Many species within the family Combretaceae are popular medicinal plants that are used traditionally to treat various conditions, of which many are related to bacterial infections. Global concerns regarding the increasing resistance of pathogens towards currently available antibiotics have encouraged researchers to find new drugs with antibacterial activity, particularly from plant sources. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was aimed at exploring the broad-spectrum antibacterial potential of methanol extracts of species representing four genera of Combretaceae (Combretum, Pteleopsis, Quisqualis, Terminalia), indigenous to South Africa, using a biochemometric approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS The microdilution assay was used to determine the antibacterial activities, measured as minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), of the 51 methanol extracts representing 35 Combretaceae species, against nine species of pathogenic bacteria. Integrative biochemometric analysis was performed, thereby correlating the MIC values with the metabolomic data obtained from ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) analysis. Orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) models were constructed for six pathogens displaying variation in their susceptibility towards the extracts. RESULTS Evaluation of the overall MIC values obtained indicated that extracts of species from the four genera displayed the highest activity towards Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778 (average MIC 0.52 mg/mL) and Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 (average MIC 0.63 mg/mL). These bacteria were the most sensitive Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Extracts from Combretum acutifolium, Combretum imberbe and Combretum elaeagnoides were the most active, with average MIC values of 0.70 mg/mL, 0.52 mg/mL and 0.45 mg/mL, respectively. Five triterpenoid compounds were tentatively identified as biomarkers from the biochemometric analysis. CONCLUSION Correlation of the phytochemistry of species from four genera in the Combretaceae family with antibacterial activity revealed that triterpenoids are responsible for the broad-spectrum antibacterial activity observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinedu P Anokwuru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
| | - Maxleene Sandasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; SAMRC Herbal Drug Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
| | - Weiyang Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
| | - Sandy van Vuuren
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa.
| | - Ishaku L Elisha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
| | - Sandra Combrinck
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
| | - Alvaro M Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; SAMRC Herbal Drug Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
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Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of a Bacterial Endophyte, Methylobacterium radiotolerans MAMP 4754, Isolated from Combretum erythrophyllum Seeds. Int J Microbiol 2020; 2020:9483670. [PMID: 32184829 PMCID: PMC7060864 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9483670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports on the isolation and identification of Methylobacterium radiotolerans MAMP 4754 from the seeds of the medicinal plant, Combretum erythrophyllum, for the purposes of investigating antimicrobial and antioxidant activities from this endophyte. The strain identity was confirmed by 16S rRNA-based phylogeny and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Ethyl acetate and chloroform (1 : 1 v/v) extracts from the endophyte were tested for antimicrobial and antioxidant activity on a total of 7 bacterial species (3 Gram-positive and 4 Gram-negative) using the standard Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) protocol and Quantitative Radical Scavenging activity using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, respectively. The MICs were recorded at 250 μg/mL for B. subtilis ATCC 19659, B. cereus ATCC 1076, E. coli ATCC1053, and 62.5 μg/mL for K. oxytoca ATCC 13182 and M. smegmatis ATCC 21293, while an IC50 of 5.65 μg/mL was recorded with the DPPH assay. Qualitative phytochemical analysis was positive for alkaloids, flavonoids, and steroids. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis revealed the presence of 9-octadecene, 2,4-dinitrophenyl acetate, and 2(5H)-furanone, which have been previously reported for the targeted activities. M. radiotolerans MAMP 4754 tested positive for antimicrobial and antioxidant activity and this is linked to the production of plant-derived secondary metabolites by this strain.
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Leonti M, Stafford GI, Cero MD, Cabras S, Castellanos ME, Casu L, Weckerle CS. Reverse ethnopharmacology and drug discovery. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 198:417-431. [PMID: 28063920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ethnopharmacological investigations of traditional medicines have made significant contributions to plant-derived drugs, as well as the advancement of pharmacology. Drug discovery from medicinal flora is more complex than generally acknowledged because plants are applied for different therapeutic indications within and across cultures. Therefore we propose the concept of "reverse ethnopharmacology" and compare biomedical uses of plant taxa with their ethnomedicinal and popular uses and test the effect of these on the probability of finding biomedical and specifically anticancer drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this analysis we use data on taxonomy and medical indications of plant derived biomedical drugs, clinical trial, and preclinical trial drug candidates published by Zhu et al. (2011) and compare their therapeutic indications with their ethnomedicinal and popular uses as reported in the NAPRALERT® database. Specifically, we test for increase or decrease of the probability of finding anticancer drugs based on ethnomedicinal and popular reports with Bayesian logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Anticancer therapy resulted as the most frequent biomedicinal indication of the therapeutics derived from the 225 drug producing higher plant taxa and showed an association with ethnomedicinal and popular uses in women's medicine, which was also the most important popular use-category. Popular remedies for dysmenorrhoea, and uses as emmenagogues, abortifacients and contraceptives showed a positive effect on the probability of finding anticancer drugs. Another positive effect on the probability of discovering anticancer therapeutics was estimated for popular herbal drugs associated with the therapy of viral and bacterial infections, while the highest effect was found for popular remedies used to treat cancer symptoms. However, this latter effect seems to be influenced by the feedback loop and divulgence of biomedical knowledge on the popular level. CONCLUSION We introduce the concept of reverse ethnopharmacology and show that it is possible to estimate the probability of finding biomedical drugs based on ethnomedicinal uses. The detected associations confirm the classical ethnopharmacological approach where a popular remedy for disease category X results in a biomedical drug for disease category X but does also point out the existence of cross-over relationships where popular remedies for disease category X result in biomedical therapeutics for disease category Y (Zhu et al., 2011).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Leonti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Gary I Stafford
- Institute of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zürich, 8008, Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, 7601, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Maja Dal Cero
- Institute of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zürich, 8008, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Cabras
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Cagliari, 09124, Cagliari, Italy; Department of Statistics, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28908 Getafe (Madrid, Spain)
| | | | - Laura Casu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Caroline S Weckerle
- Institute of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zürich, 8008, Zürich, Switzerland
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Du G, Shen Y, Yang L, Shu L, Wen ML, Hu QF. Bibenzyl Derivatives of Arundina graminifolia and their Cytotoxicity. Chem Nat Compd 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-014-0813-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hu QF, Zhou B, Huang JM, Jiang ZY, Huang XZ, Yang LY, Gao XM, Yang GY, Che CT. Cytotoxic oxepinochromenone and flavonoids from the flower buds of Rosa rugosa. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2013; 76:1866-71. [PMID: 24063567 DOI: 10.1021/np4004068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A new oxepinochromenone, rugosachromenone A (1), seven new flavonoids, rugosaflavonoids A-G (2-8), and 11 known compounds (9-19) were isolated from the flower buds of Rosa rugosa. Compound 1 is found from Nature for the first time. Compound 2 displayed cytotoxicity against NB4, SHSY5Y, and MCF7 cells with IC50 values of 2.2, 2.5, and 2.3 μM, respectively, and 3 was toxic to A549 and MCF7 cells with IC50 values of 1.2 and 2.8 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Fen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, Yunnan University of Nationalities , Kunming 650031, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
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Ndhlala AR, Ncube B, Okem A, Mulaudzi RB, Van Staden J. Toxicology of some important medicinal plants in southern Africa. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:609-21. [PMID: 24075916 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Africa is home to two major floral kingdoms: the Paleotropical kingdom of central Africa and the Capensis kingdom of the Western Cape province of South Africa, the latter of which consists of approximately 10,000 species, representing about 20% of Africa's floral 'gold mine', better known as the Cape herbal medicine. Needless to say, such rich flora comes with numerous plants with a potential to cause poisoning to humans. This review document reports important toxic medicinal plants and their toxic ingredients for plant species resident in the southern African region. These include important medicinal uses and pharmacological properties ranging from antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory as well as those that are used as aphrodisiacs and for maternal health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwell R Ndhlala
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3201, South Africa
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Li XM, Hu QF, Gao XM, Shu LD, Yang LY, Shen YQ, Cui MZ. Isoaurones from the Stem of Cassia siamea and Their Anti-Tobacco Mosaic Virus (Anti-TMV) Activity. HETEROCYCLES 2013. [DOI: 10.3987/com-12-12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Bioactivities of the genus Combretum (Combretaceae): a review. Molecules 2012; 17:9142-206. [PMID: 22858840 PMCID: PMC6268318 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17089142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Combretaceae is a large family of herbs, shrubs and trees, comprising about 20 genera and 600 species with tropical distribution around the globe and centers of diversity in Africa and Asia. Some Combretum species are extensively used in traditional medicine against inflammation, infections, diabetes, malaria, bleeding, diarrhea and digestive disorders and others as a diuretic. The present work is a literature survey of Combretum species that have been evaluated for their ability to exert biological activities. A total number of 36 Combretum species are discussed with regard to plant parts used, component tested and bioassay models. This review is of fundamental importance to promoting studies on Combretum species, thereby contributing to the development of new therapeutic alternatives that may improve the health of people suffering from various health problems.
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11
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Dong FW, Luo HR, Wan QL, Xu FQ, Fan WW, Wang KJ, Li N, Hu JM. Two New Bibenzyl Glucosides from Dendrobium chrysotoxum. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.7.2247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Tanpure RP, Strecker TE, Chaplin DJ, Siim BG, Trawick ML, Pinney KG. Regio- and stereospecific synthesis of mono-beta-d-glucuronic acid derivatives of combretastatin A-1. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2010; 73:1093-1101. [PMID: 20496923 DOI: 10.1021/np100108e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic routes have been established for the preparation of regio- and stereoisomerically pure samples of the mono-beta-d-glucuronic acid derivatives of combretastatin A-1, referred to as CA1G1 (5a) and CA1G2 (6a). Judicious choice of protecting groups for the catechol ring was required for the regiospecific introduction of the glucuronic acid moiety. The tosyl group proved advantageous in this regard. The two monoglucuronic acid analogues demonstrate low cytotoxicity (compared to CA1, 2) against selected human cancer cell lines, with CA1G1 being slightly more potent than CA1G2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra P Tanpure
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798-7348, USA
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Coccetti P, Montano G, Lombardo A, Tripodi F, Orsini F, Pagliarin R. Synthesis and biological evaluation of combretastatin analogs as cell cycle inhibitors of the G1 to S transition in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:2780-4. [PMID: 20363626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2010] [Revised: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of Z and E combretastatin A-4 analogs bearing different substituents (OH, F, NO(2), NH(2), B(OH)(2)) in the 3' position were synthesized. These derivatives and Z and E combretastatin A-1 were analysed by monitoring their ability to inhibit cell growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Combretastatin A-1 (2a), A-4 (2b) and compound 2c were found to inhibit yeast growth. Moreover, combretatstatin A-4 (2b) and compound 2c induced a G1 arrest by affecting the synthesis of Clb5 protein, the principal S-phase cyclin. The G1 arrest is coincident with the activation of the stress activated kinase Snf1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Coccetti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università Milano-Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza, 2, 20126 Milano, Italy.
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Eloff JN, Katerere DR, McGaw LJ. The biological activity and chemistry of the southern African Combretaceae. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 119:686-699. [PMID: 18805474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2008] [Revised: 07/25/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Members of the Combretaceae family are widely traded in the traditional medicine market in southern Africa. The family is also used for medicinal purposes in the rest of Africa and Asia for close to 90 medicinal indications. Many of these indications are related to treating infections. This contribution summarizes work done to date and identifies avenues for future research. MATERIALS AND METHODS Substantial work has already been done on the chemistry of especially Combretum and Terminalia species over many years. During the last decade we have focussed on bio-assay guided isolation of biologically active compounds with the aim of producing new effective antimicrobial products. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Methods developed to facilitate this process and data on 25 compounds isolated from 7 species are presented. The large majority of compounds isolated were known, but the biological activities were not known. In practically all cases the antibacterial or antifungal activity of compounds isolated were much lower than expected from the activity of the crude extracts. It appears that synergism plays a role in antimicrobial activity of plant extracts and that the hope of isolating a single compound that can be used as a new agent to address antibiotic resistance has been frustrated. By simple manipulation such as selective extraction the activity of some crude extracts could however, be increased substantially and this offers a new approach to address antibiotic resistance via the herbal medicine industry. Practically all extracts obtained using intermediate polarity extractants had reasonable to very good activity with MICs as low as 40 microg/ml, validating the traditional use for infectious diseases. Aqueous extracts however, generally had hardly any activity. CONCLUSIONS The Combretaceae contains a diversity of antimicrobial compounds. Because poor people usually have only water available as extractant, it raises the question how plants growing in poor rural communities can be used to treat infections more effectively, and what the mechanism of activity of aqueous extracts used to treat infections in traditional medicine are.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Eloff
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
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Fyhrquist P, Mwasumbi L, Vuorela P, Vuorela H, Hiltunen R, Murphy C, Adlercreutz H. Preliminary antiproliferative effects of some species of Terminalia, Combretum and Pteleopsis collected in Tanzania on some human cancer cell lines. Fitoterapia 2006; 77:358-66. [PMID: 16797142 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2006.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2006] [Accepted: 05/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Methanolic extracts (25 microug/ml) of species belonging to the genera of Combretum, Terminalia and Pteleopsis, collected during a field expedition in Tanzania in 1999, were screened for their antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects against three human cancer cell lines (HeLa, cervical carcinoma; T 24, bladder carcinoma; and MCF 7, breast carcinoma). A leaf extract of Combretum fragrans and a fruit extract of C. zeyheri gave the strongest antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of all the twenty-four extracts screened in this investigation. In contrast to the highly powerful leaf extract of C. fragrans, the root extract of this species gave no cytotoxic effects against the investigated cancer cell lines at a concentration of 25 microg/ml. The other investigated species of Combretum and Terminalia differed greatly in their cytotoxic potential. Root extracts of Terminalia sambesiaca and T. sericea gave the strongest cytotoxic effects of the five species of Terminalia used in this study. Eight of the twenty-four investigated plant extracts showed pronounced cytotoxic effects (<30% proliferation compared to the control) against the T 24 bladder cancer cells, seven against the HeLa cells and four against the MCF 7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fyhrquist
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Folkhälsan Research Center, Institute for Preventive Nutrition, Medicine and Cancer, Biomedicum, P.O. Box 63, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Paquin JF, Defieber C, Stephenson CRJ, Carreira EM. Asymmetric Synthesis of 3,3-Diarylpropanals with Chiral Diene−Rhodium Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:10850-1. [PMID: 16076189 DOI: 10.1021/ja053270w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A general route to enantioenriched 3,3-diarylpropanals is presented. These useful building blocks are prepared via an asymmetric rhodium-catalyzed conjugate addition of arylboronic acids to cinnamaldehyde derivatives in the presence of chiral dienes. The addition of both electron-poor as well as electron-rich boronic acids proceeds smoothly with various enals in 63-90% yield with high enantioselectivities (89-93% ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Paquin
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Hönggerberg, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Paquin JF, Stephenson CRJ, Defieber C, Carreira EM. Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis with Rh−Diene Complexes: 1,4-Addition of Arylboronic Acids to Unsaturated Esters. Org Lett 2005; 7:3821-4. [PMID: 16092884 DOI: 10.1021/ol051533l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A general route to enantioenriched tert-butyl 3,3-diarylpropanoates is presented. These useful building blocks are prepared via an asymmetric rhodium-catalyzed conjugate addition of arylboronic acids to unsaturated tert-butyl esters in the presence of chiral dienes as ligands. The addition of both electron-poor and electron-rich boronic acids proceeds smoothly with various enoates in 63-90% yield with high enantioselectivites (89-94% ee). [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Paquin
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Hönggerberg, HCI H335, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Gören AC, Zhou BN, Topçu G, Kökdil G, Kingston DGI. DNA damaging activities of methanol extract of Ajuga postii and iridoid glucoside reptoside. Nat Prod Res 2005; 19:457-60. [PMID: 15938192 DOI: 10.1080/14786410412331272095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An iridoid glucoside reptoside (1) has been isolated as a DNA damaging active agent by bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanol extract of Ajuga postii. Furthermore, from the acetone extract of A. postii two known triterpenic compounds ursolic acid, alpha-amyrin and two steroidal compounds (24S)-24-ethylcholesta-5,25-dien-3beta-ol and beta-sitosterol were isolated. Their structures were elucidated based on 1D and 2D NMR techniques and mass data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet C Gören
- TUBITAK, Ulusal Metroloji Enstitüsü, Group of Chemistry, PO Box 54, 41470, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey.
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Xu YM, Deng JZ, Ma J, Chen SN, Marshall R, Jones SH, Johnson RK, Hecht SM. DNA damaging activity of ellagic acid derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:1593-6. [PMID: 12628683 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00452-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A strain of yeast rendered repair deficient by the conditional expression of the RAD52 locus was used to search for natural products capable of damaging DNA. Four ellagic acid derivatives, namely 3,3'-dimethyl-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ellagic acid (1), 3,3',4-trimethyl-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ellagic acid (2), 3'-methyl-3,4-O,O-methylidene ellagic acid (3) and 3'-methyl-3,4-O,O-methylidene-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ellagic acid (4), were identified by this assay as DNA damaging natural principles from several plants, including Alangium javanicum, Anisophyllea apetala, Crypteronia paniculata, Mouririi sp. and Scholtzia parviflora. Although none of the isolated principles mediated frank strand scission of DNA in vitro, all of them potently inhibited the growth of yeast in the absence of expression of RAD52.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-ming Xu
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901, USA.
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R. Pettit G, Melody N, L. Herald D, M. Schmidt J, K. Pettit R, Chapuis JC. Synthesis of 10b(R)-Hydroxypancratistatin, 10b(S)-Hydroxy-1-epipancratistatin, 10b(S)-Hydroxy-1,2-diepipancratistatin and Related Isocarbostyrils. HETEROCYCLES 2002. [DOI: 10.3987/com-01-s(k)7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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