1
|
Shiri F, Lin Z. Cyclization Reactions of 1,5-Diynes: Mechanisms and the Role of the Central Linker. Org Lett 2024; 26:4411-4416. [PMID: 38735052 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
This study employed computational methods to elucidate the influence of structural features on the cyclization pathways of 1,5-diynes through the 5-endo-dig and 6-endo-dig mechanisms. The results revealed that the nature of the central linker played a significant role in dictating the preferred cyclization pathway. Notably, the capacity of this linker to extend delocalization appears to be the key factor governing the reaction pathway preference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Shiri
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rölz M, Butschke B, Breit B. Azobenzene-Integrated NHC Ligands: A Versatile Platform for Visible-Light-Switchable Metal Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13210-13225. [PMID: 38709955 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
A new class of photoswitchable NHC ligands, named azImBA, has been developed by integrating azobenzene into a previously unreported imidazobenzoxazol-1-ylidene framework. These rigid photochromic carbenes enable precise control over confinement around a metal's coordination sphere. As a model system, gold(I) complexes of these NHCs exhibit efficient bidirectional E-Z isomerization under visible light, offering a versatile platform for reversibly photomodulating the reactivity of organogold species. Comprehensive kinetic studies of the protodeauration reaction reveal rate differences of up to 2 orders of magnitude between the E and Z isomers of the NHCs, resulting in a quasi-complete visible-light-gated ON/OFF switchable system. Such a high level of photomodulation efficiency is unprecedented for gold complexes, challenging the current state-of-the-art in photoswitchable organometallics. Thorough investigations into the ligand properties paired with structure-reactivity correlations underscored the unique ligand's steric features as a key factor for reactivity. This effective photocontrol strategy was further validated in gold(I) catalysis, enabling in situ photoswitching of catalytic activity in the intramolecular hydroalkoxylation and -amination of alkynes. Given the significance of these findings and its potential as a widely applicable, easily customizable photoswitchable ancillary ligand platform, azImBA is poised to stimulate the development of adaptive, multifunctional metal complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rölz
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Butschke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Breit
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sushmita, Aggarwal T, Saini KM, Verma AK. Radical Promoted Synthesis of Furoquinolines
via
Anomalous Dakin‐Type Reaction. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sushmita
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Trapti Aggarwal
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Kapil Mohan Saini
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| | - Akhilesh K. Verma
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Jónsson HF, Orthaber A, Fiksdahl A. Studies on gold(I) and gold(III) alcohol functionalised NHC complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:5128-5138. [PMID: 33720256 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00387a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Five pairs of novel chiral alcohol functionalised gold(i) and gold(iii) NHC complexes derived from chiral amino alcohols, were synthesized and characterised (NMR, IR, HRMS). Single crystal X-ray diffraction data of gold(i) and gold(iii) complexes are reported and discussed. The chiral imidazolium preligands were readily synthesized via the oxalamides, subsequent reduction and final orthoformate condensation. An improved method was used for generation of gold(i) NHC complexes (up to 92%) and further oxidation afforded the corresponding gold(iii) NHC complexes (up to 99%). All the Au(i) and Au(iii) NHC complexes proved far more catalytically active in a 1,6-enyne alkoxycyclization test reaction than our previously tested N,N- and P,N-ligated Au(iii) complexes. Comparative gold(i) and gold(iii) catalytic studies demonstrated different catalytic ability, depending on the NHC ligand flexibility and bulkiness. Excellent yields (92-99%) of target alkoxycyclization product were obtained with both gold(i) and gold(iii) complexes with the bulky N1-Mes-N2-ethanol based NHC ligand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helgi Freyr Jónsson
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Andreas Orthaber
- Department of Organic Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anne Fiksdahl
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nasrallah H, Min Y, Lerayer E, Nguyen TA, Poinsot D, Roger J, Brandès S, Heintz O, Roblin P, Jolibois F, Poteau R, Coppel Y, Kahn ML, Gerber IC, Axet MR, Serp P, Hierso JC. Nanocatalysts for High Selectivity Enyne Cyclization: Oxidative Surface Reorganization of Gold Sub-2-nm Nanoparticle Networks. JACS AU 2021; 1:187-200. [PMID: 34467283 PMCID: PMC8395676 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.0c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasmall gold nanoparticles (NPs) stabilized in networks by polymantane ligands (diamondoids) were successfully used as precatalysts for highly selective heterogeneous gold-catalyzed dimethyl allyl(propargyl)malonate cyclization to 5-membered conjugated diene. Such reaction usually suffers from selectivity issues with homogeneous catalysts. This control over selectivity further opened the way to one-pot cascade reaction, as illustrated by the 1,6-enyne cycloisomerization-Diels-Alder reaction of dimethyl allyl propargyl malonate with maleic anhydride. The ability to assemble nanoparticles with controllable sizes and shapes within networks concerns research in sensors, medical diagnostics, information storage, and catalysis applications. Herein, the control of the synthesis of sub-2-nm gold NPs is achieved by the formation of dense networks, which are assembled in a single step reaction by employing ditopic polymantanethiols. By using 1,1'-bisadamantane-3,3'-dithiol (BAd-SH) and diamantane-4,9-dithiol (DAd-SH), serving both as bulky surface stabilizers and short-sized linkers, we provide a simple method to form uniformly small gold NPs (1.3 ± 0.2 nm to 1.6 ± 0.3 nm) embedded in rigid frameworks. These NP arrays are organized alongside short interparticular distances ranging from 1.9 to 2.7 nm. The analysis of gold NP surfaces and their modification were achieved in joint experimental and theoretical studies, using notably XPS, NMR, and DFT modeling. Our experimental studies and DFT analyses highlighted the necessary oxidative surface reorganization of individual nanoparticles for an effective enyne cycloisomerization. The modifications at bulky stabilizing ligands allow surface steric decongestion for the alkyne moiety activation but also result in network alteration by overoxidation of sulfurs. Thus, sub-2-nm nanoparticles originating from networks building create convenient conditions for generating reactive Au(I) surface single-sites-in the absence of silver additives-useful for heterogeneous gold-catalyzed enyne cyclization. These nanocatalysts, which as such ease organic products separation, also provide a convenient access for building further polycyclic complexity, owing to their high reactivity and selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houssein
O. Nasrallah
- Institut
de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne
(ICMUB - UMR CNRS 6302), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté
(UBFC), 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Yuanyuan Min
- LCC-CNRS,
Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Emmanuel Lerayer
- Institut
de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne
(ICMUB - UMR CNRS 6302), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté
(UBFC), 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Tuan-Anh Nguyen
- Institut
de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne
(ICMUB - UMR CNRS 6302), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté
(UBFC), 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Didier Poinsot
- Institut
de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne
(ICMUB - UMR CNRS 6302), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté
(UBFC), 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Julien Roger
- Institut
de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne
(ICMUB - UMR CNRS 6302), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté
(UBFC), 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Brandès
- Institut
de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne
(ICMUB - UMR CNRS 6302), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté
(UBFC), 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Heintz
- Laboratoire
Interdisciplinaire Carnot Bourgogne (ICB − UMR CNRS 6303), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), 9 avenue Alain Savary 21078, Dijon, France
| | - Pierre Roblin
- Laboratoire
de Génie Chimique and Fédération de Recherche
FERMAT, 4 allée Emile Monso, 31030 Toulouse, France
| | - Franck Jolibois
- INSA−CNRS−UPS,
LPCNO, Université Fédérale
de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Romuald Poteau
- INSA−CNRS−UPS,
LPCNO, Université Fédérale
de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Yannick Coppel
- LCC-CNRS,
Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Myrtil L. Kahn
- LCC-CNRS,
Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Iann C. Gerber
- INSA−CNRS−UPS,
LPCNO, Université Fédérale
de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- Iann C. Gerber
| | - M. Rosa Axet
- LCC-CNRS,
Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- M. Rosa Axet
| | - Philippe Serp
- LCC-CNRS,
Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Philippe Serp
| | - Jean-Cyrille Hierso
- Institut
de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne
(ICMUB - UMR CNRS 6302), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté
(UBFC), 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
- Jean-Cyrille Hierso
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
DFT insight into Hashmi phenol synthesis catalyzed by Au single-walled nanotubes: mechanism and charge effect. Theor Chem Acc 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-020-02715-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
8
|
Prasad Raiguru B, Nayak S, Ranjan Mishra D, Das T, Mohapatra S, Priyadarsini Mishra N. Synthetic Applications of Cyclopropene and Cyclopropenone: Recent Progress and Developments. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabita Nayak
- Department of ChemistryRavenshaw University Cuttack Odisha India
| | | | - Tapaswini Das
- Department of ChemistryRavenshaw University Cuttack Odisha India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gold(I) Complexes with Eight‐Membered NHC Ligands: Synthesis, Structures and Catalytic Activity. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
10
|
Zhang L, Cao T, Jiang H, Zhu S. Deconstructive Reorganization: De Novo Synthesis of Hydroxylated Benzofuran. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong ProvinceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology 510640 Guangzhou China
| | - Tongxiang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong ProvinceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology 510640 Guangzhou China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong ProvinceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology 510640 Guangzhou China
| | - Shifa Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong ProvinceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology 510640 Guangzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic ChemistryNankai University 300071 Tianjing China
- Singfar Laboratories 510670 Guangzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang L, Cao T, Jiang H, Zhu S. Deconstructive Reorganization: De Novo Synthesis of Hydroxylated Benzofuran. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4670-4677. [PMID: 31961991 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented deconstructive reorganization strategy for the de novo synthesis of hydroxylated benzofurans from kojic acid- or maltol-derived alkynes is reported. In this reaction, both the benzene and furan rings were simultaneously constructed, whereas the pyrone moiety of the kojic acid or maltol was deconstructed and then reorganized into the benzene ring as a six-carbon component. Through this strategy, at least one free hydroxyl group was introduced into the benzene ring in a substitution-pattern tunable fashion without protection-deprotection and redox adjustment. With this method, a large number of hydroxylated benzofuran derivatives with different substitution-patterns have been prepared efficiently. This methodology has also been shown as the key step in a collective total synthesis of hydroxylated benzofuran-containing natural products (11 examples).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tongxiang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shifa Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjing, China.,Singfar Laboratories, 510670, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kaur N. Metal and Non-Metal Catalysts in the Synthesis of Five-Membered S-Heterocycles. Curr Org Synth 2020; 16:258-275. [PMID: 31975675 DOI: 10.2174/1570179416666181207144430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A wide variety of biological activities are exhibited by N, O and S containing heterocycles and recently, many reports appeared for the synthesis of these heterocycles. The synthesis of heterocycles with the help of metal and non-metal catalyst has become a highly rewarding and important method in organic synthesis. This review article concentrated on the synthesis of S-heterocylces in the presence of metal and non-metal catalyst. The synthesis of five-membered S-heterocycles is described here. OBJECTIVE There is a need for the development of rapid, efficient and versatile strategy for the synthesis of heterocyclic rings. Metal, non-metal and organocatalysis involving methods have gained prominence because traditional conditions have disadvantages such as long reaction times, harsh conditions and limited substrate scope. CONCLUSION The metal-, non-metal-, and organocatalyst assisted organic synthesis is a highly dynamic research field. For ßthe chemoselective and efficient synthesis of heterocyclic molecules, this protocol has emerged as a powerful route. Various methodologies in the past few years have been pointed out to pursue more sustainable, efficient and environmentally benign procedures and products. Among these processes, the development of new protocols (catalysis), which avoided the use of toxic reagents, are the focus of intense research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navjeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali-304022, Rajasthan, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Matouš P, Kadaník M, Timoracký M, Kuneš J, Maříková J, Růžička A, Kočovský P, Pour M. Nucleophile-assisted cyclization of β-propargylamino acrylic compounds catalyzed by gold( i): a rapid construction of multisubstituted tetrahydropyridines and their fused derivatives. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00653j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A variety of medicinally important multisubstituted tetrahydropyridines, 4-aryl piperidines, isoquinolines and fused pyridines were prepared in 1–3 step sequences via nucleophile-assisted Au(i)-catalyzed cyclizations of easily available azaenynes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Matouš
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry
- Charles University
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové
- Hradec Králové 500 05
- Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kadaník
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry
- Charles University
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové
- Hradec Králové 500 05
- Czech Republic
| | - Marek Timoracký
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry
- Charles University
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové
- Hradec Králové 500 05
- Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kuneš
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry
- Charles University
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové
- Hradec Králové 500 05
- Czech Republic
| | - Jana Maříková
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry
- Charles University
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové
- Hradec Králové 500 05
- Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Pardubice
- Faculty of Chemical Technology
- 532 10 Pardubice
- Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kočovský
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry
- Charles University
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové
- Hradec Králové 500 05
- Czech Republic
| | - Milan Pour
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry
- Charles University
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové
- Hradec Králové 500 05
- Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Easy access to pharmaceutically relevant heterocycles by catalytic reactions involving α-imino gold carbene intermediates. Front Chem Sci Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-019-1874-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
15
|
Zhang C, Hong K, Dong S, Pei C, Zhang X, He C, Hu W, Xu X. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Aromatization: Expeditious Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Naphthalenes. iScience 2019; 21:499-508. [PMID: 31710965 PMCID: PMC6849331 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A gold-catalyzed 6-endo-dig carbocyclization of alkyne with the pendent diazo group is reported. It provides an expeditious approach for the synthesis of multi-functionalized naphthalene derivatives under mild conditions. Mechanistic studies suggest that a vinyl gold carbene is generated as the key intermediate in this cascade transformation that smoothly delivers naphthalene products through an unprecedented stepwise aromatization or an intermolecular aromatic substitution process. The unique endocyclic vinyl species is inaccessible with other precursors; thus, novel carbene cascade transformations could be envisioned with the current catalytic model. Functional groups, such as alkenyl, hydroxyl, amino, and carboxyl groups, remain untouched under these conditions. In addition, the utility of these generated 2-carboxyl naphthalenes is illustrated by the synthesis of chiral 1,2′-binaphthalene ligands and π-conjugated polycyclic hydrocarbons (CPHs). A general method for the construction of multi-functionalized naphthalenes First 6-endo-dig diazo-yne carbocyclization leading to the vinyl gold carbene Expeditious access to naphthalenes with broad functional group compatibility Applications for the synthesis of chiral 1,2′-binaphthalene ligands and CPHs
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Kemiao Hong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shanliang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chao Pei
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ciwang He
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xinfang Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yamamoto H, Yamasaki N, Sasaki I, Imagawa H. Development of Mercury-catalyzed Reaction and Design of Heterogeneous Catalyst on the Basis of Salt-metathesis Reaction. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2019. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.77.982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
17
|
Applications of metal and non-metal catalysts for the synthesis of oxygen containing five-membered polyheterocylces: a mini review. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-1007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
|
18
|
Umareddy P, Arava VR. Facile synthesis of 3-aryl benzofurans, 3-aryl benzothiophenes, 2-aryl indoles and their dimers. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2019.1611856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pailla Umareddy
- R&D Centre, Suven Life Sciences Ltd, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen H, Yeh MP. Synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[
b
]furans via a gold(I)‐catalyzed rearrangement/cycloisomerization sequence of cyclic 1‐aryl‐2‐propargyl‐cyclohex‐2enols. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201800320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao‐Feng Chen
- Department of ChemistryNational Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ming‐Chang P. Yeh
- Department of ChemistryNational Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chen ZP, Zhou Y, Shui MZ, Liu F. CuI catalyzed domino coupling–cyclization of 2-iodo-phenols and 1-alkynes to the synthesis of 2-substituted benzo[b]furans/furo-pyridines. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
21
|
Felpin FX, Sengupta S. Biaryl synthesis with arenediazonium salts: cross-coupling, CH-arylation and annulation reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:1150-1193. [PMID: 30608075 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00453f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The rich legacy of arenediazonium salts in the synthesis of unsymmetrical biaryls, built around the seminal works of Pschorr, Gomberg and Bachmann more than a century ago, continues to make important contributions at various evolutionary stages of modern biaryl synthesis. Based on in-depth mechanistic analysis and design of novel pathways and reaction conditions, the scope of biaryl synthesis with arenediazonium salts has enormously expanded in recent years through applications of transition metal/photoredox-catalysed cross-coupling, thermal/photosensitized radical chain CH-arylation of (hetero)arenes and arylative radical annulation reactions with alkynes. These recent developments have provided facile synthetic access to a wide variety of unsymmetrical biaryls of pharmaceutical, agrochemical and optoelectronic importance with green scale-up options and created opportunities for late-stage modification of peptides, nucleosides, carbon nanotubes and electrodes, the details of which are captured in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François-Xavier Felpin
- Université de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France. and Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mato M, García‐Morales C, Echavarren AM. Generation of Gold(I) Carbenes by Retro‐Buchner Reaction: From Cyclopropanes to Natural Products Synthesis. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Mato
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química OrgànicaUniversitat Rovira i Virgili C/Marcel⋅li Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Cristina García‐Morales
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química OrgànicaUniversitat Rovira i Virgili C/Marcel⋅li Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Antonio M. Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química OrgànicaUniversitat Rovira i Virgili C/Marcel⋅li Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Alyabyev SB, Beletskaya IP. Gold as a catalyst. Part II. Alkynes in the reactions of carbon–carbon bond formation. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
24
|
Wei LS, He GX, Kong XF, Pan CX, Mo DL, Su GF. Gold(III)-Catalyzed Selective Cyclization of Alkynyl Quinazolinone-Tethered Pyrroles: Synthesis of Fused Quinazolinone Scaffolds. J Org Chem 2018; 83:6719-6727. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Su Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Guo-Xue He
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xiang-Fei Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, 12 Jian Gan Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Cheng-Xue Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Dong-Liang Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Gui-Fa Su
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Blanc A, Bénéteau V, Weibel JM, Pale P. Silver & gold-catalyzed routes to furans and benzofurans. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:9184-9205. [PMID: 27722719 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01468b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Silver and gold have become incredibly versatile and mild catalysts for numerous transformations, especially in heterocycle synthesis. For the most prominent of them, i.e. furans, silver and gold, with their unique reactivity and mildness, allow numerous possible routes to highly substituted and/or functionalized furans from a large variety of starting materials. Silver and gold catalysis provide thus the most flexible way to this important family of compounds. The present review describes these silver and gold-catalyzed routes, with some emphasis on mechanistic aspects, and proposes a comparison of both the silver and the gold-catalyzed syntheses of furans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Blanc
- Laboratoire de Synthèse, Réactivité Organiques et Catalyse, Institut de Chimie (UMR CNRS 7177), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Valérie Bénéteau
- Laboratoire de Synthèse, Réactivité Organiques et Catalyse, Institut de Chimie (UMR CNRS 7177), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Jean-Marc Weibel
- Laboratoire de Synthèse, Réactivité Organiques et Catalyse, Institut de Chimie (UMR CNRS 7177), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Patrick Pale
- Laboratoire de Synthèse, Réactivité Organiques et Catalyse, Institut de Chimie (UMR CNRS 7177), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Feng YJ, Chen YH, Huang SL, Liu YH, Lin YC. Cyclization Reactions of Aryl Propargyl Acetates with Tethered Epoxide Induced by Ruthenium Complex. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:3027-3038. [PMID: 28980768 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Reactions of the ruthenium complex [Ru]Cl ([Ru]=Cp(PPh3 )2 Ru; Cp=η5 -C5 H5 ) with several aryl propargyl acetates, each with an ortho-substituted chain of various length containing an epoxide on the aromatic ring and with or without methyl substitutents on the epoxide ring, bring about novel cyclizations. The cyclization reactions of HC≡CCH(OAc)(C6 H4 )CH2 (RC2 H2 O) (R=H, 6 a; R=CH3 , 6 b, where RC2 H2 O is an epoxide ring) in MeOH give the vinylidene complexes 5 a-b, respectively, each with the Cβ integrated into a tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-6-ol ring. A C-C bond formation takes place between the propargyl acetate and the less substituted carbon of the epoxide ring. Further cyclizations of 5 a-b induced by HBF4 give the corresponding vinylidene complexes 8 a-b each with a new 8-oxabicyclo-[3.2.1]octane ring by removal of a methanol molecule in high yield. For similar aryl propargyl acetates with a shorter epoxide chain, the cyclization gives a mixture of a vinylidene complex with a tetrahydronaphthalen-1-ol ring and a carbene complex with a tricyclic indeno-furan ring. For the cyclization of 18, with a longer epoxide chain, opening of the epoxide is required to afford the vicinal bromohydrin 22, then tandem cyclization occurs in one pot. Products are characterized by spectroscopic methods as well as by XRD analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jhen Feng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan), Fax: (+886) 223636359
| | - Yi-Hsin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan), Fax: (+886) 223636359
| | - Shou-Ling Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan), Fax: (+886) 223636359
| | - Yi-Hung Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan), Fax: (+886) 223636359
| | - Ying-Chih Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan), Fax: (+886) 223636359
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zargaran P, Wurm T, Zahner D, Schießl J, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. A Structure-Based Activity Study of Highly Active Unsymmetrically Substituted NHC Gold(I) Catalysts. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Poorya Zargaran
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Heidelberg University; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Thomas Wurm
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Heidelberg University; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - David Zahner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Heidelberg University; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jasmin Schießl
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Heidelberg University; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Heidelberg University; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Heidelberg University; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Heidelberg University; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nair AG, McBurney RT, Gatus MRD, Binding SC, Messerle BA. Gold(III) NHC Complexes for Catalyzing Dihydroalkoxylation and Hydroamination Reactions. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:12067-12075. [PMID: 28933838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A gold(III) complex of an N-heterocyclic carbene based hemilabile ligand with two pendant pyrazole arms (1,3-bis((1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazole, LH) was synthesized. Complex [LAu(III)Cl3] is an excellent catalyst for promoting dihydroalkoxylation at room temperature, even catalyzing this reaction at 0 °C. [LAu(III)Cl3] is one of the most efficient catalysts reported to date for the spirocyclization of alkynyl diols. Furthermore, [LAu(III)Cl3] catalyzed intra- and intermolecular hydroamination reactions, achieving good to excellent conversions. [LAu(III)Cl3] is a more efficient catalyst than a gold(I) analogue, [LAu(I)Cl]. The dependence of the quantity of weakly coordinating anion [BArF4]- ((3,5-trifluoromethyl)phenyl borate) present on catalysis efficiency was probed for the dihydroalkoxylation reaction. X-ray diffraction analysis of single crystals demonstrated the solid-state structure of gold complexes [LAu(III)Cl3] and [LAu(I)Cl], which displayed the expected square-planar and linear coordination geometries, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin G Nair
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University , Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Roy T McBurney
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University , Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Mark R D Gatus
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University , Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Samantha C Binding
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University , Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Barbara A Messerle
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University , Sydney 2109, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Luo Y, Chen Z, Tang D, Tang Y, Zhang J, Hu J. Theoretical insights into the selectivity of 1,6-enyne cycloisomerization on gold clusters: Orbital interaction role. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
30
|
Solid-supported nitrogen acyclic carbene (SNAC) complexes of gold: Preparation and catalytic activity. J Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
31
|
Phosphine-Mediated Sequential Annulation Reaction: Access to Functionalized Benzofurans and 4,5-Dihydrobenzofurans. Chemistry 2017; 23:7882-7886. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
32
|
Fang W, Wei Y, Tang XY, Shi M. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of ortho
-(Propargyloxy)arenemethylenecyclopropanes Controlled by Adjacent Substituents at Aromatic Rings. Chemistry 2017; 23:6845-6852. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Meilong Road No. 130 Shanghai 200237 P.R. China
| | - Yin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Ying Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
| | - Min Shi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Meilong Road No. 130 Shanghai 200237 P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 P.R. China)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Klenk S, Rupf S, Suntrup L, van der Meer M, Sarkar B. The Power of Ferrocene, Mesoionic Carbenes, and Gold: Redox-Switchable Catalysis. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sinja Klenk
- Institut für Chemie
und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Rupf
- Institut für Chemie
und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Suntrup
- Institut für Chemie
und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Margarethe van der Meer
- Institut für Chemie
und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Institut für Chemie
und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Rehan M, Nallagonda R, Das BG, Meena T, Ghorai P. Synthesis of Functionalized Benzo[b]furans via Oxidative Cyclization of o-Cinnamyl Phenols. J Org Chem 2017; 82:3411-3424. [PMID: 28249386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Disclosed herein is an efficient synthetic route for the synthesis of functionalized 2-benzyl benzo[b]furans via a regioselective 5-exo-trig intramolecular oxidative cyclization of ortho-cinnamyl phenols using [PdCl2(CH3CN)2] as catalyst and benzoquinone as an oxidant. Further, a sequential ortho-cinnamylation of phenols using cinnamyl alcohols catalyzed by Re2O7, followed by an oxidative cyclization using the above Pd catalyst, is performed. The reaction showed broad substrate scope with good to excellent yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rehan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal , Bhauri, Bhopal-462066, India
| | - Rajender Nallagonda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal , Bhauri, Bhopal-462066, India
| | - Braja Gopal Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal , Bhauri, Bhopal-462066, India
| | - Tannu Meena
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal , Bhauri, Bhopal-462066, India
| | - Prasanta Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal , Bhauri, Bhopal-462066, India
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Alcaide B, Almendros P, Busto E, Lázaro-Milla C. Photoinduced Gold-Catalyzed Domino C(sp) Arylation/Oxyarylation of TMS-Terminated Alkynols with Arenediazonium Salts. J Org Chem 2017; 82:2177-2186. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b03006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benito Alcaide
- Grupo
de Lactamas y Heterociclos Bioactivos, Departamento de Química
Orgánica I, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Almendros
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, IQOG-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Busto
- Grupo
de Lactamas y Heterociclos Bioactivos, Departamento de Química
Orgánica I, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Lázaro-Milla
- Grupo
de Lactamas y Heterociclos Bioactivos, Departamento de Química
Orgánica I, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cui JF, Ko HM, Shing KP, Deng JR, Lai NCH, Wong MK. C,O-Chelated BINOL/Gold(III) Complexes: Synthesis and Catalysis with Tunable Product Profiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201612243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Fang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
| | - Hok-Ming Ko
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
| | - Ka-Pan Shing
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
| | - Jie-Ren Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
| | - Nathanael Chun-Him Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
| | - Man-Kin Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Cui JF, Ko HM, Shing KP, Deng JR, Lai NCH, Wong MK. C,O-Chelated BINOL/Gold(III) Complexes: Synthesis and Catalysis with Tunable Product Profiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:3074-3079. [PMID: 28165658 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201612243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Unprecedented stable BINOL/gold(III) complexes, adopting a novel C,O-chelation mode, were synthesized by a modular approach through combination of 1,1'-binaphthalene-2,2'-diols (BINOLs) and cyclometalated gold(III) dichloride complexes [(C^N)AuCl2 ]. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed that the bidentate BINOL ligands tautomerized and bonded to the AuIII atom through C,O-chelation to form a five-membered ring instead of the conventional O,O'-chelation giving a seven-membered ring. These gold(III) complexes catalyzed acetalization/cycloisomerization and carboalkoxylation of ortho-alkynylbenzaldehydes with trialkyl orthoformates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Fang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hok-Ming Ko
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Pan Shing
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie-Ren Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nathanael Chun-Him Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man-Kin Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Cheng X, Zhu L, Lin M, Chen J, Huang X. Rapid access to cyclopentadiene derivatives through gold-catalyzed cycloisomerization of ynamides with cyclopropenes by preferential activation of alkenes over alkynes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:3745-3748. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01368j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Double bond activation: the current transformation represents a rare example of preferential activation of alkenes over alkynes under gold catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Meijun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Xueliang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kuzuguchi T, Yabuuchi Y, Yoshimura T, Matsuo JI. Synthesis of multisubstituted phenols by formal [4 + 2] cycloaddition of nucleophilic alkynes with 3-ethoxycyclobutanones. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:5268-5271. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00827a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Formal [4 + 2] cycloaddition between 3-ethoxycyclobutanones and nucleophilic alkynes proceeded to give multisubstituted phenols by using TiCl4 as a Lewis acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Kuzuguchi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences
- Kanazawa University
- Kanazawa 920-1192
- Japan
| | - Yuto Yabuuchi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences
- Kanazawa University
- Kanazawa 920-1192
- Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yoshimura
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences
- Kanazawa University
- Kanazawa 920-1192
- Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Matsuo
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences
- Kanazawa University
- Kanazawa 920-1192
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sreenivasulu C, Gopi Krishna Reddy A, Satyanarayana G. Oxidative annulations triggered by a simple Lewis acid: facile synthesis of benzofurans. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00531d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The first example of Lewis acid promoted efficient one-pot synthesis of benzofurans is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - G. Satyanarayana
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Luo Y, Chen Z, Zhang J, Tang Y, Xu Z, Tang D. Theoretical insights into ω-alkynylfuran cycloisomerisation catalyzed by Au/CeO2(111): the role of the CeO2(111) support. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27207j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
ω-Alkynylfuran cycloisomerisation on CeO2(111)-supported Au clusters with different sizes was explored to unveil the role of the CeO2(111) support, including charge transfer effects and interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Luo
- International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation
- Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
- Chongqing 402160
- P. R. China
| | - Zhongzhu Chen
- International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation
- Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
- Chongqing 402160
- P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Remediation Technologies
- Research Institute for New Materials Technology
- Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
- Chongqing 402160
- P. R. China
| | - Ying Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Remediation Technologies
- Research Institute for New Materials Technology
- Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
- Chongqing 402160
- P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation
- Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
- Chongqing 402160
- P. R. China
| | - Dianyong Tang
- International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation
- Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
- Chongqing 402160
- P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Remediation Technologies
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Xing Y, Zhang M, Ciccarelli S, Lee J, Catano B. AuIII-Catalyzed Formation of α-Halomethyl Ketones from Terminal Alkynes. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Xing
- Department of Chemistry; William Paterson University of New Jersey; 300 Pompton Rd 07470 Wayne NJ USA
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; William Paterson University of New Jersey; 300 Pompton Rd 07470 Wayne NJ USA
| | - Sarah Ciccarelli
- Department of Chemistry; William Paterson University of New Jersey; 300 Pompton Rd 07470 Wayne NJ USA
| | - John Lee
- Department of Chemistry; William Paterson University of New Jersey; 300 Pompton Rd 07470 Wayne NJ USA
| | - Bryant Catano
- Department of Chemistry; William Paterson University of New Jersey; 300 Pompton Rd 07470 Wayne NJ USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zou H, Jiang J, Yi N, Fu W, Deng W, Xiang J. Highly Efficient Synthesis ofα-Halomethylketones via Ce(SO4)2/Acid Co-Catalyzed Hydration of Alkynes. CHINESE J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201600417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
44
|
Mehler G, Linowski P, Carreras J, Zanardi A, Dube JW, Alcarazo M. Bis(cyclopropenium)phosphines: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Applications. Chemistry 2016; 22:15320-15327. [PMID: 27634750 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward route for the preparation of a set of bis(cyclopropenium)-substituted phosphines is reported. Due to their dicationic nature, these ligands depict an excellent π-acceptor character. The effect of the ligand substituent pattern on the catalytic activity of the metal complexes thereof derived is also studied. Whereas sterically demanding biaryl groups directly attached to the phosphorus atom seem to facilitate elementary steps such as the product release from the catalyst, long chain dialkylamino groups on the cyclopropenium units maximize the catalysts solubility and, thus, allow the use of typical apolar solvents such as toluene. Importantly, all new ligands prepared can be easily handled in air. Finally, the impact of the newly prepared dicationic phosphines in hydroarylation reactions is demonstrated. In particular, their use in the synthesis of several naphtho[1,2-b]furanes and naturally occurring naphthalene derivatives such as Calanquinone C is reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerlinde Mehler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser Wilhelm Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Pawel Linowski
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser Wilhelm Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Javier Carreras
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser Wilhelm Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alessandro Zanardi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser Wilhelm Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Jonathan W Dube
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammanstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Manuel Alcarazo
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammanstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Obata T, Suzuki S, Nakagawa A, Kajihara R, Noguchi K, Saito A. Gold-Catalyzed Domino Synthesis of Functionalized Benzofurans and Tetracyclic Isochromans via Formal Carboalkoxylation. Org Lett 2016; 18:4136-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Obata
- Division of Applied Chemistry,
Institute of Engineering and ‡Instrumentation
Analysis Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16
Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Sho Suzuki
- Division of Applied Chemistry,
Institute of Engineering and ‡Instrumentation
Analysis Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16
Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Asuka Nakagawa
- Division of Applied Chemistry,
Institute of Engineering and ‡Instrumentation
Analysis Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16
Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Ryota Kajihara
- Division of Applied Chemistry,
Institute of Engineering and ‡Instrumentation
Analysis Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16
Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Keiichi Noguchi
- Division of Applied Chemistry,
Institute of Engineering and ‡Instrumentation
Analysis Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16
Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Akio Saito
- Division of Applied Chemistry,
Institute of Engineering and ‡Instrumentation
Analysis Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16
Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
In this critical review the reactivity patterns observed with different types of diyne substrates in gold catalysis are discussed. Apart from the many examples from homogeneous catalysis, the few examples from heterogeneous gold catalysis are also included. With a proper arrangement of the two alkynes unique and exciting reactivity patterns like 1,3-carbonyl transpositions, carbene transfer reactions, cascade annulations, macrocyclisations or the formation of gold vinylidene intermediates are observed. These reactions are of interest for organic synthesis, for pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry and for material science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah M Asiri
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Yang M, Chen Z, Luo Y, Zhang J, He R, Shen W, Tang D, Li M. A DFT Insight into Hashmi Phenol Synthesis Catalyzed by M6
@Au32
(M=Ag, Cu, Pd, Pt, Ru, Rh) Core-Shell Nanoclusters. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 P.R. China
- Research Institute for New Materials Technology and; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Remediation Technologies; Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences; Chongqing 402160 P.R. China
| | - Zhongzhu Chen
- Research Institute for New Materials Technology and; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Remediation Technologies; Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences; Chongqing 402160 P.R. China
| | - Yafei Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 P.R. China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Research Institute for New Materials Technology and; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Remediation Technologies; Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences; Chongqing 402160 P.R. China
| | - Rongxing He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 P.R. China
| | - Wei Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 P.R. China
| | - Dianyong Tang
- Research Institute for New Materials Technology and; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Remediation Technologies; Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences; Chongqing 402160 P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hosseyni S, Wojtas L, Li M, Shi X. Intermolecular Homopropargyl Alcohol Addition to Alkyne and a Sequential 1,6-Enyne Cycloisomerization with Triazole-Gold Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:3994-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyedmorteza Hosseyni
- Department
of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Minyong Li
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE),
School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Johnson JS, Chong E, Tu KN, Blum SA. Kinetic Study of Carbophilic Lewis Acid Catalyzed Oxyboration and the Noninnocent Role of Sodium Chloride. Organometallics 2016; 35:655-662. [PMID: 31007335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the oxyboration reaction catalyzed by IPrAuTFA in the presence and absence of NaTFA has been examined with kinetic studies, mass spectrometry, and 1H NMR and 11B NMR spectroscopy. Data from monitoring the reactions over the temperature range from 30 to 70 °C, the catalyst range from 1.3 to 7.5 mol %, and the NaTFA additive range from 2.5 to 30 mol % suggests a mechanism that involves rate-determining catalyst generation. Data from additive studies that replaced NaTFA with NaBARF (BARF = tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate) or Bu4NTFA as an alternative additive suggest that catalyst quenching from residual NaCl remaining from a one-pot substrate synthesis/reaction method is the cause of this effect, despite the low solubility of this NaCl byproduct in toluene. Material produced through an alternative, sodium chloride free substrate synthesis exhibited faster reaction rates, consistent with a change in rate-determining step that depended on the substrate synthesis route.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel S Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Eugene Chong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Kim N Tu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Suzanne A Blum
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
|