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Doğan Ulu Ö, Kuruçay A, Gümüşhan İY, Özdemir N, Ateş B, Özdemir İ. Design, synthesis, characterization, and biological activities of novel Ag(I)-NHC complexes based on 1,3-dioxane ligand. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 261:112719. [PMID: 39236445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Herein, a series of new Ag(I)-NHC complexes containing 1,3-dioxane group were synthesized by the direct reaction of Ag2O and benzimidazolium salts in light-free conditions. All Ag(I)-NHC complexes were spectrally characterized using 1H, 13C NMR, FT-IR, LC-MS, and elemental analysis. Additionally, the structures of compounds 1a and 1e were elucidated by the single X-ray diffraction techniques. Further, the synthesized Ag(I)-NHC complexes were evaluated for cytotoxicity study on the L-929 cells and the anticancer activity against the HCT 116 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. Notably, 1a showed significant anticancer activity against HCT 116 with an IC50 of 6.37 ± 0.92 μg/mL compared to cisplatin (IC50 = 36.75 ± 1.76 μg/mL). 1c (IC50 = 3.21 ± 1.96 μg/mL) and 1e (IC50 = 3.72 ± 1.12 μg/mL) exhibited significant anticancer activity against MCF-7 cells and was similar to cisplatin (IC50 = 32.17 ± 2.85 μg/mL). Meanwhile, 1a and 1e displayed the highest selectivity index. Most importantly, the cell viability test showed that 1e induced neglectable cytotoxicity (IC50 = 36.38 ± 2.27 μg/mL) toward L-929 and was similar to cisplatin (IC50 = 36.11 ± 2.09 μg/mL). The anticancer activities of Ag(I)-NHC complexes vary depending on the substituent group of the silver complex and the cell line type. Moreover, the inhibitory mechanism of 1e was not dependent on caspase-associated apoptosis initiated by the lysosomal-mitochondrial pathway. Taken together, we conclude that this work provides a simple and rapid protocol for the synthesis of Ag(I)-NHC complexes and the featured Ag(I)-NHC complexes have an anticancer drug potential for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Öznur Doğan Ulu
- Catalysis Research and Application Center, İnönü University, 44280 Malatya, Türkiye; Scientific And Technological Research Center, İnönü University, 44280 Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Ali Kuruçay
- Biochemistry and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, İnönü University, 44280 Malatya, Türkiye
| | | | - Namık Özdemir
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, Türkiye
| | - Burhan Ateş
- Biochemistry and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, İnönü University, 44280 Malatya, Türkiye
| | - İsmail Özdemir
- Catalysis Research and Application Center, İnönü University, 44280 Malatya, Türkiye; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, İnönü University, 44280 Malatya, Türkiye; Drug Application and Research Center, İnönü University, 44280 Malatya, Türkiye.
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2
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Ivantcova PM, Kolychev EL, Sizikov AA, Mochalova EN, Cherkasov VR, Nikitin MP. Carbene-coated metal nanoparticles for in vivo applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 242:114097. [PMID: 39067190 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) are well-recognized ligands of choice for preparing robust transition metal species. However, their use for fabrication of biomedically relevant nanoparticles has been limited to the synthesis of non-targeted particles showing increased tolerance to different aqueous coagulants. In this work, the first example of carbene-coated metal nanoparticles suitable for in vivo applications is presented. Directed design of a novel biscarbene NHC ligand allowed to prepare the first magnetite/gold (Fe3O4@AuNP@NHC) nanostructures and carbene gold (AuNP@NHC) nanoparticles with significant stability in aqueous solutions and enhanced ability to form bioconjugates. Furthermore, these nanoparticles exhibit an extraordinary property for inorganic nanoparticles: they can endure several additive-free air drying/redispersion cycles without deterioration of their colloidal behavior. Bioconjugated AuNP@NHC and multimodal Fe3O4@AuNP@NHC demonstrated a successful performance in three distinct applications: lateral flow tests, specific cancer cell targeting, and bioimaging. Thus, the results show the notable advantages of the N-heterocyclic carbene coating of inorganic nanoparticles and their utility for complex biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina M Ivantcova
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olimpiyskiy ave, b.1, Sirius, Krasnodar region 354340, Russian Federation.
| | - Eugene L Kolychev
- Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova str. 20, Moscow 123592, Russian Federation.
| | - Artem A Sizikov
- Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova str. 20, Moscow 123592, Russian Federation; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Kerchenskaya str., 1А, Moscow 117303, Russian Federation
| | - Elizaveta N Mochalova
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olimpiyskiy ave, b.1, Sirius, Krasnodar region 354340, Russian Federation; Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova str. 20, Moscow 123592, Russian Federation; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Kerchenskaya str., 1А, Moscow 117303, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir R Cherkasov
- Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova str. 20, Moscow 123592, Russian Federation; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Kerchenskaya str., 1А, Moscow 117303, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim P Nikitin
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olimpiyskiy ave, b.1, Sirius, Krasnodar region 354340, Russian Federation; Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova str. 20, Moscow 123592, Russian Federation; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya str., 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
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3
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Giobbio G, Coto PB, Lohier JF, Renaud JL, Gaillard S, Costa RD. [Ag(IPr)(bpy)][PF 6]: brightness and darkness playing with aggregation induced phosphorescence for light-emitting electrochemical cells. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:12307-12315. [PMID: 38984528 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01056f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Heteroleptic silver(I) complexes have recently started to attract attention in thin-film lighting technologies as an alternative to copper(I) analogues due to the lack of flattening distortion upon excitation. However, the interpretation of their photophysical behavior is challenging going from traditional fluorescence/phosphorescence to a temperature-dependent dual emission mechanism and ligand-lock assisted thermally activated delayed fluorescence. Herein, we unveil the photoluminescence behavior of a three-coordinated Ag(I) complex with the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand and 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) as the N^N ligand. In contrast to its low-emissive Cu(I) complex structural analogues, a strong greenish emission was attributed to the presence of aggregates formed by π-π intermolecular interactions as revealed by the X-ray structure and aggregation induced emission (AIE) studies in solution. In addition, the temperature-dependent time-resolved spectroscopic and computational studies demonstrated that the emission mechanism is related to a phosphorescence emission mechanism of two very close lying (ΔE = 0.08 eV) excited triplet states, exhibiting a similar delocalized nature over the bipyridine ligands. Unfortunately, this favourable AIE is lost upon forming homogeneous thin films suitable for lighting devices. Though the films showed very poor emission, the electrochemical stability under device operation conditions is remarkable compared to the prior-art, highlighting the potential of [Ag(NHC)(N^N)][X] complexes in thin-film lighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginevra Giobbio
- Normandy University, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, LCMT, 1400 Caen, France.
- Technical University of Munich, Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Chair of Biogenic Functional Materials, Schulgasse 22, 94315 Straubing, Germany.
| | - Pedro B Coto
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Material Physics Center (CFM), 20018 Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain.
| | | | - Jean-Luc Renaud
- Normandy University, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, LCMT, 1400 Caen, France.
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Gaillard
- Normandy University, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, LCMT, 1400 Caen, France.
| | - Rubén D Costa
- Technical University of Munich, Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Chair of Biogenic Functional Materials, Schulgasse 22, 94315 Straubing, Germany.
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Lachguar A, Del Rosal I, Maron L, Jeanneau E, Veyre L, Thieuleux C, Camp C. π-Bonding of Group 11 Metals to a Tantalum Alkylidyne Alkyl Complex Promotes Unusual Tautomerism to Bis-alkylidene and CO 2 to Ketenyl Transformation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18306-18319. [PMID: 38936814 PMCID: PMC11240581 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
A salt metathesis synthetic strategy is used to access rare tantalum/coinage metal (Cu, Ag, Au) heterobimetallic complexes. Specifically, complex [Li(THF)2][Ta(CtBu)(CH2tBu)3], 1, reacts with (IPr)MCl (M = Cu, Ag, Au, IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) to afford the alkylidyne-bridged species [Ta(CH2tBu)3(μ-CtBu)M(IPr)] 2-M. Interestingly, π-bonding of group 11 metals to the Ta─C moiety promotes a rare alkylidyne alkyl to bis-alkylidene tautomerism, in which compounds 2-M are in equilibrium with [Ta(CHtBu)(CH2tBu)2(μ-CHtBu)M(IPr)] 3-M. This equilibrium was studied in detail using NMR spectroscopy and computational studies. This reveals that the equilibrium position is strongly dependent on the nature of the coinage metal going down the group 11 triad, thus offering a new valuable avenue for controlling this phenomenon. Furthermore, we show that these uncommon bimetallic couples could open attractive opportunities for synergistic reactivity. We notably report an uncommon deoxygenative carbyne transfer to CO2 resulting in rare examples of coinage metal ketenyl species, (tBuCCO)M(IPr), 4-M (M = Cu, Ag, Au). In the case of the Ta/Li analogue 1, the bis(alkylidene) tautomer is not detected, and the reaction with CO2 does not cleanly yield ketenyl species, which highlights the pivotal role played by the coinage metal partner in controlling these unconventional reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhak Lachguar
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M UMR 5128), CNRS, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE-Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne F-69616, France
| | - Iker Del Rosal
- CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse F-31077, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse F-31077, France
| | - Erwann Jeanneau
- Centre de Diffractométrie Henri Longchambon, Université de Lyon, 5 Rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne 69100, France
| | - Laurent Veyre
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M UMR 5128), CNRS, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE-Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne F-69616, France
| | - Chloé Thieuleux
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M UMR 5128), CNRS, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE-Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne F-69616, France
| | - Clément Camp
- Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M UMR 5128), CNRS, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE-Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne F-69616, France
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Esarev IV, Karge B, Zeng H, Lippmann P, Jones PG, Schrey H, Brönstrup M, Ott I. Silver Organometallics that are Highly Potent Thioredoxin and Glutathione Reductase Inhibitors: Exploring the Correlations of Solution Chemistry with the Strong Antibacterial Effects. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1753-1766. [PMID: 38606463 PMCID: PMC11091889 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The antibacterial activity of silver species is well-established; however, their mechanism of action has not been adequately explored. Furthermore, issues of low-molecular silver compounds with cytotoxicity, stability, and solubility hamper their progress to drug leads. We have investigated silver N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) halido complexes [(NHC)AgX, X = Cl, Br, and I] as a promising new type of antibacterial silver organometallics. Spectroscopic studies and conductometry established a higher stability for the complexes with iodide ligands, and nephelometry indicated that the complexes could be administered in solutions with physiological chloride levels. The complexes showed a broad spectrum of strong activity against pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria. However, there was no significant activity against Gram-positive strains. Further studies clarified that tryptone and yeast extract, as components of the culture media, were responsible for this lack of activity. The reduction of biofilm formation and a strong inhibition of both glutathione and thioredoxin reductases with IC50 values in the nanomolar range were confirmed for selected compounds. In addition to their improved physicochemical properties, the compounds with iodide ligands did not display cytotoxic effects, unlike the other silver complexes. In summary, silver NHC complexes with iodide secondary ligands represent a useful scaffold for nontoxic silver organometallics with improved physicochemical properties and a distinct mechanism of action that is based on inhibition of thioredoxin and glutathione reductases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V. Esarev
- Institute
of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstraße 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Bianka Karge
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for
Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Haoxuan Zeng
- Department
of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for
Infection Research GmbH and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/Braunschweig,
Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute
of Microbiology, Technische Universität
Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Petra Lippmann
- Institute
of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstraße 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Technische
Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hedda Schrey
- Department
of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for
Infection Research GmbH and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover/Braunschweig,
Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute
of Microbiology, Technische Universität
Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for
Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute
of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstraße 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Varna D, Geromichalos G, Gioftsidou DK, Tzimopoulos D, Hatzidimitriou AG, Dalezis P, Papi R, Trafalis D, Angaridis PA. N-heterocyclic-carbene vs diphosphine auxiliary ligands in thioamidato Cu(I) and Ag(I) complexes towards the development of potent and dual-activity antibacterial and apoptosis-inducing anticancer agents. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 252:112472. [PMID: 38215535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Group 11 metal complexes exhibit promising antibacterial and anticancer properties which can be further enhanced by appropriate ligands. Herein, a series of mononuclear thioamidato Cu(I) and Ag(I) complexes bearing either a diphosphine (P^P) or a N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) auxiliary ligand (L) was synthesized, and the impact of the co-ligand L on the in vitro antibacterial and anticancer properties of their complexes was assessed. All complexes effectively inhibited the growth of various bacterial strains, with the NHC-Cu(I) complex found to be particularly effective against the Gram (+) bacteria (IC50 = 1-4 μg mL-1). Cytotoxicity studies against various human cancer cells revealed their high anticancer potency and the superior activity of the NHC-Ag(I) complex (IC50 = 0.95-4.5 μΜ). Flow cytometric analysis on lung and breast cancer cells treated with the NHC-Ag(I) complex suggested an apoptotic cell-death pathway; molecular docking calculations provided mechanistic insights, proving the capacity of the complex to bind on apoptosis-regulating proteins and affect their functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Varna
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Geromichalos
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra K Gioftsidou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Demetrios Tzimopoulos
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonios G Hatzidimitriou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Dalezis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Rigini Papi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Trafalis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Panagiotis A Angaridis
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Hansen C, Docherty SR, Cao W, Yakimov AV, Copéret C. 109Ag NMR chemical shift as a descriptor for Brønsted acidity from molecules to materials. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3028-3032. [PMID: 38404381 PMCID: PMC10882518 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04067d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular-level understanding of the acid/base properties of heterogeneous catalysts requires the development of selective spectroscopic probes to establish structure-activity relationships. In this work we show that substituting the surface protons in oxide supports by isolobal N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) Ag cations and measuring their 109Ag nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signatures enables to probe the speciation and to evaluate the corresponding Brønsted acidity of the substituted OH surface sites. Specifically, a series of silver N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) Ag(i) complexes of general formula [(NHC)AgX] are synthesized and characterized, showing that the 109Ag NMR chemical shift of the series correlates with the Brønsted acidity of the conjugate acid of X- (i.e., HX), thus establishing an acidity scale based on 109Ag NMR chemical shift. The methodology is then used to evaluate the Brønsted acidity of the OH sites of representative oxide materials using Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP-)enhanced solid-state NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Hansen
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Scott R Docherty
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Weicheng Cao
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Alexander V Yakimov
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Christophe Copéret
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
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Escayola S, Bahri-Laleh N, Poater A. % VBur index and steric maps: from predictive catalysis to machine learning. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:853-882. [PMID: 38113051 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00725a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Steric indices are parameters used in chemistry to describe the spatial arrangement of atoms or groups of atoms in molecules. They are important in determining the reactivity, stability, and physical properties of chemical compounds. One commonly used steric index is the steric hindrance, which refers to the obstruction or hindrance of movement in a molecule caused by bulky substituents or functional groups. Steric hindrance can affect the reactivity of a molecule by altering the accessibility of its reactive sites and influencing the geometry of its transition states. Notably, the Tolman cone angle and %VBur are prominent among these indices. Actually, steric effects can also be described using the concept of steric bulk, which refers to the space occupied by a molecule or functional group. Steric bulk can affect the solubility, melting point, boiling point, and viscosity of a substance. Even though electronic indices are more widely used, they have certain drawbacks that might shift preferences towards others. They present a higher computational cost, and often, the weight of electronics in correlation with chemical properties, e.g. binding energies, falls short in comparison to %VBur. However, it is worth noting that this may be because the steric index inherently captures part of the electronic content. Overall, steric indices play an important role in understanding the behaviour of chemical compounds and can be used to predict their reactivity, stability, and physical properties. Predictive chemistry is an approach to chemical research that uses computational methods to anticipate the properties and behaviour of these compounds and reactions, facilitating the design of new compounds and reactivities. Within this domain, predictive catalysis specifically targets the prediction of the performance and behaviour of catalysts. Ultimately, the goal is to identify new catalysts with optimal properties, leading to chemical processes that are both more efficient and sustainable. In this framework, %VBur can be a key metric for deepening our understanding of catalysis, emphasizing predictive catalysis and sustainability. Those latter concepts are needed to direct our efforts toward identifying the optimal catalyst for any reaction, minimizing waste, and reducing experimental efforts while maximizing the efficacy of the computational methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Escayola
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Mª Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Naeimeh Bahri-Laleh
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), P.O. Box 14965/115, Tehran, Iran
- Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Mª Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
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9
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Podchorodecka P, Dziuk B, Szostak R, Szostak M, Bisz E. IPr* Oxa - a new class of sterically-hindered, wingtip-flexible N,C-chelating oxazole-donor N-heterocyclic carbene ligands. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:13608-13617. [PMID: 37698540 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02255b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have emerged as a major direction in ancillary ligand development for stabilization of reactive metal centers in inorganic and organometallic chemistry. In particular, wingtip-flexible NHCs have attracted significant attention due to their unique ability to provide a sterically-demanding environment for transition metals in various oxidation states. Herein, we report a new class of sterically-hindered, wingtip-flexible NHC ligands that feature N,C-chelating oxazole donors. These ligands are readily accessible through a modular arylation of oxazole derivatives. We report their synthesis and complete structural and electronic characterization. The evaluation of steric, electron-donating and π-accepting properties and coordination chemistry to Ag(I), Pd(II) and Rh(I) is described. Preliminary studies of catalytic activity in Ag, Pd and Rh-catalyzed coupling and hydrosilylation reactions are presented. This study establishes the fluxional behavior of a freely-rotatable oxazole unit, wherein the oxazolyl ring adjusts to the steric and electronic environment of the metal center. Considering the tremendous impact of sterically-hindered NHCs and their potential to stabilize reactive metals by N-chelation, we expect that this class of NHC ligands will be of broad interest in inorganic and organometallic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Podchorodecka
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, Opole 45-052, Poland.
| | - Błażej Dziuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, Wroclaw 50-373, Poland
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, Opole 45-052, Poland.
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10
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Gil-Moles M, O'Beirne C, Esarev IV, Lippmann P, Tacke M, Cinatl J, Bojkova D, Ott I. Silver N-heterocyclic carbene complexes are potent uncompetitive inhibitors of the papain-like protease with antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1260-1271. [PMID: 37484561 PMCID: PMC10357933 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00067b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused a high demand for novel innovative antiviral drug candidates. Despite promising results, metal complexes have been relatively unexplored as antiviral agents in general and in particular against SARS-CoV-2. Here we report on silver NHC complexes with chloride or iodide counter ligands that are potent inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro) but inactive against 3C-like protease (3CLpro) as another SARS-CoV-2 protease. Mechanistic studies on a selected complex confirmed zinc removal from a zinc binding domain of PLpro as relevant factor of their activity. In addition, enzyme kinetic experiments revealed that the complex is an uncompetitive inhibitor and with this rare type of inhibition it offers great pharmacological advantages in terms selectivity. The silver NHC complexes with iodide ligands showed very low or absent host cell toxicity and triggered strong effects on viral replication in cells infected with SARS-CoV-2, making them promising future antiviral drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gil-Moles
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig Beethovenstr. 55 38106 Braunschweig Germany
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación de Síntesis Química (CISQ), Complejo Científico Tecnológico 26004 Logroño Spain
| | - Cillian O'Beirne
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig Beethovenstr. 55 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Igor V Esarev
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig Beethovenstr. 55 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Petra Lippmann
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig Beethovenstr. 55 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Matthias Tacke
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institute of Medical Virology, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40 60596 Frankfurt Germany
| | - Denisa Bojkova
- Institute of Medical Virology, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40 60596 Frankfurt Germany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig Beethovenstr. 55 38106 Braunschweig Germany
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11
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Rahman MM, Meng G, Bisz E, Dziuk B, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Szostak M. I tOct (I tOctyl) - pushing the limits of I tBu: highly hindered electron-rich N-aliphatic N-heterocyclic carbenes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5141-5147. [PMID: 37206400 PMCID: PMC10189875 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01006f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
ItBu (ItBu = 1,3-di-tert-butylimidazol-2-ylidene) represents the most important and most versatile N-alkyl N-heterocyclic carbene available in organic synthesis and catalysis. Herein, we report the synthesis, structural characterization and catalytic activity of ItOct (ItOctyl), C2-symmetric, higher homologues of ItBu. The new ligand class, including saturated imidazolin-2-ylidene analogues has been commercialized in collaboration with MilliporeSigma: ItOct, 929 298; SItOct, 929 492 to enable broad access of the academic and industrial researchers within the field of organic and inorganic synthesis. We demonstrate that replacement of the t-Bu side chain with t-Oct results in the highest steric volume of N-alkyl N-heterocyclic carbenes reported to date, while retaining the electronic properties inherent to N-aliphatic ligands, such as extremely strong σ-donation crucial to the reactivity of N-alkyl N-heterocyclic carbenes. An efficient large-scale synthesis of imidazolium ItOct and imidazolinium SItOct carbene precursors is presented. Coordination chemistry to Au(i), Cu(i), Ag(i) and Pd(ii) as well as beneficial effects on catalysis using Au(i), Cu(i), Ag(i) and Pd(ii) complexes are described. Considering the tremendous importance of ItBu in catalysis, synthesis and metal stabilization, we anticipate that the new class of ItOct ligands will find wide application in pushing the boundaries of new and existing approaches in organic and inorganic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Guangrong Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University 48 Oleska Street Opole 45-052 Poland
| | - Błażej Dziuk
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Norwida 4/6 14 Wroclaw 50-373 Poland
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University F. Joliot-Curie 14 Wroclaw 50-383 Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
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12
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Yang S, Zhou T, Yu X, Szostak M. Ag-NHC Complexes in the π-Activation of Alkynes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030950. [PMID: 36770617 PMCID: PMC9920927 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver-NHC (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) complexes play a special role in the field of transition-metal complexes due to (1) their prominent biological activity, and (2) their critical role as transfer reagents for the synthesis of metal-NHC complexes by transmetalation. However, the application of silver-NHCs in catalysis is underdeveloped, particularly when compared to their group 11 counterparts, gold-NHCs (Au-NHC) and copper-NHCs (Cu-NHC). In this Special Issue on Featured Reviews in Organometallic Chemistry, we present a comprehensive overview of the application of silver-NHC complexes in the p-activation of alkynes. The functionalization of alkynes is one of the most important processes in chemistry, and it is at the bedrock of organic synthesis. Recent studies show the significant promise of silver-NHC complexes as unique and highly selective catalysts in this class of reactions. The review covers p-activation reactions catalyzed by Ag-NHCs since 2005 (the first example of p-activation in catalysis by Ag-NHCs) through December 2022. The review focuses on the structure of NHC ligands and p-functionalization methods, covering the following broadly defined topics: (1) intramolecular cyclizations; (2) CO2 fixation; and (3) hydrofunctionalization reactions. By discussing the role of Ag-NHC complexes in the p-functionalization of alkynes, the reader is provided with an overview of this important area of research and the role of Ag-NHCs to promote reactions that are beyond other group 11 metal-NHC complexes.
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13
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Yiğit M, Yiğit B, Akdan H, Önderci M, Günal S, Taskin-Tok T, Özdemir İ. Silver(I) Complexes Bearing Amine-Functionalized N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Theoretical Studies. HETEROCYCLES 2023. [DOI: 10.3987/com-22-14782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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14
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Ibrahim H, Bala MD, Friedrich HB. Poly-functional imino-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands: Synthesis, complexation, and catalytic applications. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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15
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Synthesis, characterization, in vitro antibacterial, and anticancer studies of Ag(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02498-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Fontes JV, Santos IA, Rosa LB, Lima RLA, Jardim ACG, Miguel DC, Abbehausen C. Antileishmanial and Anti‐Chikungunya Activity of Cu(I)‐N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josielle V. Fontes
- Institute of Chemistry University of Campinas - UNICAMP PO Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Igor A. Santos
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Federal University of Uberlândia Uberlandia MG Brazil
| | - Letícia B. Rosa
- Institute of Biology University of Campinas - UNICAMP 13083-862 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Rochanna L. A. Lima
- Institute of Chemistry University of Campinas - UNICAMP PO Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Ana C. G. Jardim
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Federal University of Uberlândia Uberlandia MG Brazil
| | - Danilo C. Miguel
- Institute of Biology University of Campinas - UNICAMP 13083-862 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Camilla Abbehausen
- Institute of Chemistry University of Campinas - UNICAMP PO Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas SP Brazil
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17
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Abstract
Until the year 2000, gold compounds were considered catalytically inert. Subsequently, it was found that they are able to promote the nucleophilic attack on unsaturated substrates by forming an Au–π-system. The main limitation in the use of these catalytic systems is the ease with which they decompose, which is avoided by stabilization with an ancillary ligand. N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), having interesting s-donor capacities, are able to stabilize the gold complexes (Au (I/III) NHC), favoring the exploration of their catalytic activity. This review reports the state of the art (years 2007–2022) in the nucleophilic addition of amines (hydroamination) and water (hydration) to the terminal and internal alkynes catalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbene gold (I/III) complexes. These reactions are particularly interesting both because they are environmentally sustainable and because they lead to the production of important intermediates in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry. In fact, they have an atom economy of 100%, and lead to the formation of imines and enamines, as well as the formation of ketones and enols, all important scaffolds in the synthesis of bioactive molecules, drugs, heterocycles, polymers, and bulk and fine chemicals.
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18
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Hobsteter A, Badajoz MA, Lo Fiego MJ, Silbestri GF. Galactopyranoside-Substituted N-Heterocyclic Carbene Gold(I) Complexes: Synthesis, Stability, and Catalytic Applications to Alkyne Hydration. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:21788-21799. [PMID: 35785281 PMCID: PMC9245165 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel gold(I) complexes bearing galactopyranoside-based N-heterocyclic carbene ligands have been synthesized via transmetalation of the corresponding Ag(I) complex. Gold(I) complexes have been characterized by NMR, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and elemental analysis. An exhaustive NMR analysis shows that the complexes are not stable when hydroxyl groups are deprotected. Catalytic studies, using the alkyne hydration as a model reaction, indicate that the synthesized complexes are active and reusable.
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19
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Malchau C, Fries DV, Mees Y, Jakobs MF, Sun Y, Becker S, Niedner-Schatteburg G, Thiel WR. Transition metal complexes of NHC ligands functionalized with the cationic (η5‐cyclopentadienyl)(η6‐phenyl)iron(II) motif. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Malchau
- TU Kaiserslautern: Technische Universitat Kaiserslautern Fachbereich Chemie GERMANY
| | - Daniela V. Fries
- TU Kaiserslautern: Technische Universitat Kaiserslautern Fachbereich Chemie GERMANY
| | - Yannik Mees
- TU Kaiserslautern: Technische Universitat Kaiserslautern Fachbereich Chemie GERMANY
| | - Marisa F. Jakobs
- TU Kaiserslautern: Technische Universitat Kaiserslautern Fachbereich Chemie GERMANY
| | - Yu Sun
- TU Kaiserslautern: Technische Universitat Kaiserslautern Fachbereich Chemie GERMANY
| | - Sabine Becker
- TU Kaiserslautern: Technische Universitat Kaiserslautern Fachbereich Chemie GERMANY
| | | | - Werner R. Thiel
- TU Kaiserslautern FB Chemie Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54 67663 Kaiserslautern GERMANY
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20
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Alkorta I, Benito MT, Elguero J, Doyagüez EG, Patterson MR, Jimeno ML, Dias HVR, Reviriego F. The use of DOSY experiments to determine the solution structures of coinage metal pyrazolates: The case of {[3,5-(CF 3 ) 2 Pz]Ag} 3. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2022; 60:442-451. [PMID: 34935188 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A series of DOSY experiments have been carried out to determine the solution stoichiometry of silver(I) 3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl)pyrazolate species. This compound exists as a trimer in the solid state (n = 3) but in solutions of chlorinated solvents, the DOSY data suggest the presence of a mixture of solvent stabilized monomer (n = 1) and dimer (n = 2) in equilibrium. Different approximations have been used including the Stokes-Einstein and the Stokes-Einstein-Gierer-Wirtz equations. Some methodological problems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Benito
- Servicio de Resonancia Magnética Nuclear, Centro de Química Orgánica 'Lora-Tamayo', CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa García Doyagüez
- Servicio de Resonancia Magnética Nuclear, Centro de Química Orgánica 'Lora-Tamayo', CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Monika R Patterson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - María Luisa Jimeno
- Servicio de Resonancia Magnética Nuclear, Centro de Química Orgánica 'Lora-Tamayo', CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - H V Rasika Dias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Felipe Reviriego
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Liu HY, Neale SE, Hill MS, Mahon MF, McMullin CL. On the reactivity of Al-group 11 (Cu, Ag, Au) bonds. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3913-3924. [PMID: 35169824 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00404f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of the seven-membered heterocyclic potassium diamidoalumanyl, [K{Al(SiNDipp)}]2 (SiNDipp = {CH2SiMe2NDipp}2; Dipp = 2,6-di-isopropylphenyl), with a variety of Cu(I), Ag(I) and Au(I) chloride N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) adducts are described. The resultant group 11-Al bonded derivatives have been characterised in solution by NMR spectroscopy and, in the case of [{SiNDipp}Al-Au(NHCiPr)] (NHCiPr = N,N'-di-isopropyl-4,5-dimethyl-2-ylidene), by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Although similar reactions of LAgCl and LAuCl, where L is a more basic cyclic alkyl amino carbene (CAAC), generally resulted in reduction of the group 11 cations to the base metals, X-ray analysis of [(CyCAAC)AgAl(SiNDipp)] (CyCAAC = 2-[2,6-bis(1-methylethyl)phenyl]-3,3-dimethyl-2-azaspiro[4.5]dec-1-ylidene) provides the first solid-state authentication of an Ag-Al σ bond. The reactivity of the NHC-supported Cu, Ag and Au alumanyl derivatives was assayed with the isoelectronic unsaturated small molecules, N,N'-di-isopropylcarbodiimide and CO2. While these reactions generally provided products consistent with nucleophilic attack of the group 11 atom at the electrophilic heteroallene carbon centre, treatment of the NHC-supported copper and silver alumanyls with N,N'-di-isopropylcarbodiimide yielded less symmetric Cu-C and Ag-C-bonded isomers. In contrast to the previously described copper and silver alumanyl derivatives, [(NON)Al(O2C)M(Pt-Bu3)] (M = Cu or Ag; NON = 4,5-bis(2,6-di-isopropylanilido)-2,7-di-tert-butyl-9,9-dimethylxanthene), which were prone to facile CO extrusion and formation of carbonate derivatives, the NHC-supported dioxocarbene species, [(NHCiPr)M(CO2)Al(SiNDipp)] (M = Cu, Ag, Au), are all stable at room and moderately elevated temperatures. The stabilising role of the NHC co-ligand was, thus, assessed by preparation of the t-Bu3P adducted copper-alumanyl, [(t-Bu3P)CuAl(SiNDipp)]. Treatment of this latter compound, which was also structurally characterised by X-ray analysis, with both N,N'-di-isopropylcarbodiimide and CO2 again provided smooth heteroallene insertion and formation of the relevant Cu-C-bonded products. Although both compounds were quite stable at room temperature, heating of [(t-Bu3P)Cu(CO2)Al(SiNDipp)] at 60 °C induced elimination of CO and formation of the analogous carbonate, [(t-Bu3P)Cu(OCO2)Al(SiNDipp)], which was identified by 13C and 31P NMR spectroscopy. Reflective of the more reliable nucleophilic behaviour of the gold centres in these group 11 alumanyls, computational (QTAIM and NBO) analysis highlighted a lower level of covalency of the Al-Au linkage in comparison to the analogous Al-Cu and Al-Ag interactions. Although substitution of the co-ligand significantly perturbs the charge distribution across the Cu-Al bond of [LCuAl(SiNDipp)] (L = NHCiPr or t-Bu3P), only a negligible difference is observed between the phosphine-coordinated copper systems derived from either the [SiNDipp]- or (NON)-based alumanyl ligands. Computational mapping of the reaction profiles arising from treatment of the various group 11 alumanyls with N,N'-di-isopropylcarbodiimide indicates that the observed formation of the Cu-N and Ag-N bound isomers do not provide the thermodynamic reaction outcome. In contrast, examination of the CO2-derived reactions, and their potential toward CO extrusion and subsequent carbonate formation, implies that the identity of the co-ligand exerts a greater influence on this aspect of reactivity than the architecture of the diamidoalumanyl anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Ying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Samuel E Neale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Mary F Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Claire L McMullin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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22
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Carpio-Granillo M, Zuno-Cruz FJ, Sánchez-Cabrera G, Rojo-Gómez EG, González-Ábrego DO, Coronel-Olivares C, Caviedes MF, Andrade-López N, Rosales-Hoz MJ, Leyva MA. p–nitrobenzyl-substituted N–heterocyclic carbene in Silver(I) and Gold(I) complexes and their antibacterial activities. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Matsuki T, Teramoto H, Ichihara R, Inui K, Sakaguchi S. Asymmetric silane reduction of ketones and β-Keto esters catalyzed by a chiral azolium/iridium system in the presence of a base in methanol at room temperature. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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24
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Antimicrobial activity, inhibition of biofilm formation, and molecular docking study of novel Ag-NHC complexes. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.122082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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25
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Üstün E, Şahin N, Çelik C, Tutar U, Özdemir N, Gürbüz N, Özdemir İ. Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity, and molecular docking analysis of NHC precursors and their Ag-NHC complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:15400-15412. [PMID: 34647935 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02003j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms attach to surfaces and interfaces and form biofilms which create a sheltered area for host cell response. Therefore, biofilms provide troubles in fields such as medicine, food, and pharmaceuticals. Inhibition of formation of biofilms through hindering of quorum sensing could be a method for the production of new generation antibiotics. In this study, four new benzimidazole type NHC precursors (1-allyl-3-benzyl-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolium chloride, 1-allyl-3-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl)-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolium chloride, 1-allyl-3-(2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzyl)-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolium chloride, and 1-allyl-3-(2,3,4,5,6-pentamethylbenzyl)-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolium chloride and Ag-NHC complexes of these molecules were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, 1H, and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy, LC-MS, and single crystal crystallography. Antimicrobial and biofilm formation inhibition activities of the molecules were evaluated. In addition, the activities of the molecules were examined in detail by molecular docking analysis. According to the results obtained, higher activity was achieved with the complex molecules when compared with the benzimidazole derivative ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvan Üstün
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, Ordu University, 52200 Ordu, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Şahin
- Department of Basic Education, Faculty of Education, Cumhuriyet University, 58040, Sivas, Turkey.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, İnönü University, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
- Catalysis Research and Application Center, İnönü University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Cem Çelik
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Uğur Tutar
- Department of Botanica, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, 58140, Turkey
| | - Namık Özdemir
- Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Education, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Nevin Gürbüz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, İnönü University, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
- Catalysis Research and Application Center, İnönü University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
- Drug Application and Research Center, İnönü University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - İsmail Özdemir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, İnönü University, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
- Catalysis Research and Application Center, İnönü University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
- Drug Application and Research Center, İnönü University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
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26
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Huang G, Fang Y, Ni S, Li M, Dang L. Theoretical Study on NHC−Ag(I)/Au(I) Catalyzed Mobius Versus Wagner‐Meerwein Rearrangements of 2‐Methyl‐N‐methoxyaniline. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanglong Huang
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province Shantou University Guangdong 515063 P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Qi Fang
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province Shantou University Guangdong 515063 P. R. China
| | - Shao‐Fei Ni
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province Shantou University Guangdong 515063 P. R. China
| | - Ming‐De Li
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province Shantou University Guangdong 515063 P. R. China
| | - Li Dang
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province Shantou University Guangdong 515063 P. R. China
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27
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Akhdar A, Andanson JM, Faure S, Traïkia M, Gautier A. Application of Quantitative 1H and 19F NMR to Organometallics. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Schwarz N, Sun X, Yadav R, Köppe R, Simler T, Roesky PW. Application of the Redox-Transmetalation Procedure to Access Divalent Lanthanide and Alkaline-Earth NHC Complexes*. Chemistry 2021; 27:12857-12865. [PMID: 34165229 PMCID: PMC8518399 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Divalent lanthanide and alkaline-earth complexes supported by N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have been accessed by redox-transmetalation between air-stable NHC-AgI complexes and the corresponding metals. By using the small ligand 1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene (IMe), two series of isostructural complexes were obtained: the tetra-NHC complexes [LnI2 (IMe)4 ] (Ln=Eu and Sm) and the bis-NHC complexes [MI2 (IMe)2 (THF)2 ] (M=Yb, Ca and Sr). In the former, distortions in the NHC coordination were found to originate from intermolecular repulsions in the solid state. Application of the redox-transmetalation strategy with the bulkier 1,3-dimesitylimidazol-2-ylidene (IMes) ligand yielded [SrI2 (IMes)(THF)3 ], while using a similar procedure with Ca metal led to [CaI2 (THF)4 ] and uncoordinated IMes. DFT calculations were performed to rationalise the selective formation of the bis-NHC adduct in [SrI2 (IMe)2 (THF)2 ] and the tetra-NHC adduct in [SmI2 (IMe)4 ]. Since the results in the gas phase point towards preferential formation of the tetra-NHC complexes for both metal centres, the differences between both arrangements are a result of solid-state effects such as slightly different packing forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Schwarz
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstraße 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstraße 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Ravi Yadav
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstraße 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Ralf Köppe
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstraße 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Thomas Simler
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstraße 1576131KarlsruheGermany
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM) CNRS, École PolytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de Paris91120PalaiseauFrance
| | - Peter W. Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstraße 1576131KarlsruheGermany
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29
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Demir Atli D, Şen B. Dinuclear silver-bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) complexes: Synthesis, catalytic activity in propargylamine formation and computational studies. J COORD CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2021.1972097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Demir Atli
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Betül Şen
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Buca, Turkey
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30
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Sandeli AEK, Khiri-Meribout N, Benzerka S, Gürbüz N, Dündar M, Karcı H, Bensouici C, Mokrani EH, Özdemir İ, Koç A, Özdemir N, Debache A, Özdemir İ. Silver (I)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes: Synthesis and characterization, biological evaluation of Anti-Cholinesterase, anti-alpha-amylase, anti-lipase, and antibacterial activities, and molecular docking study. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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31
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Acenaphthene-Based N-Heterocyclic Carbene Metal Complexes: Synthesis and Application in Catalysis. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11080972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have become a privileged structural motif in modern homogenous and heterogeneous catalysis. The last two decades have brought a plethora of structurally and electronically diversified carbene ligands, enabling the development of cutting-edge transformations, especially in the area of carbon-carbon bond formation. Although most of these were accomplished with common imidazolylidene and imidazolinylidene ligands, the most challenging ones were only accessible with the acenaphthylene-derived N-heterocyclic carbene ligands bearing a π-extended system. Their superior σ-donor capabilities with simultaneous ease of modification of the rigid backbone enhance the catalytic activity and stability of their transition metal complexes, which makes BIAN-NHC (BIAN—bis(imino)acenaphthene) ligands an attractive tool for the development of challenging reactions. The present review summarizes synthetic efforts towards BIAN-NHC metal complexes bearing acenaphthylene subunits and their applications in modern catalysis, with special emphasis put on recently developed enantioselective processes.
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32
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Planer S, Frosch J, Koneczny M, Trzybiński D, Woźniak K, Grela K, Tamm M. Heterobimetallic Coinage Metal-Ruthenium Complexes Supported by Anionic N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:15217-15225. [PMID: 34342923 PMCID: PMC8597159 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The lithium complexes [(WCA‐NHC)Li(toluene)] of anionic N‐heterocyclic carbenes with a weakly coordinating borate moiety (WCA‐NHC, WCA=B(C6F5)3, NHC=IDipp=1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin‐2‐ylidene) were used for the preparation of silver(I) or copper(I) WCA‐NHC complexes. While the reactions in THF with AgCl or CuCl afforded anionic mono‐ and dicarbene complexes with solvated lithium counterions [Li(THF)n]+ (n=3, 4), the reactions in toluene proceeded with elimination of LiCl and formation of the neutral phosphine and arene complexes [(WCA‐NHC)M(PPh3)] and [(WCA‐NHC)M(η2‐toluene)] (M=Ag, Cu). The latter were used for the preparation of chlorido‐ and iodido‐bridged heterobimetallic Ag/Ru and Cu/Ru complexes [(WCA‐NHC)M(μ‐X)2Ru(PPh3)(η6‐p‐cymene)] (M=Ag, Cu, X=Cl; M=Ag, X=I). Surprisingly, these complexes resisted the elimination of CuCl, AgCl, or AgI, precluding WCA‐NHC transmetalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Planer
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of WarsawŻwirki i Wigury 10102-089WarsawPoland
| | - Jenni Frosch
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Marvin Koneczny
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Damian Trzybiński
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of WarsawŻwirki i Wigury 10102-089WarsawPoland
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of WarsawŻwirki i Wigury 10102-089WarsawPoland
| | - Karol Grela
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of WarsawŻwirki i Wigury 10102-089WarsawPoland
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
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33
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Cesari C, Berti B, Calcagno F, Lucarelli C, Garavelli M, Mazzoni R, Rivalta I, Zacchini S. Bimetallic Co–M (M = Cu, Ag, and Au) Carbonyl Complexes Supported by N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands: Synthesis, Structures, Computational Investigation, and Catalysis for Ammonia Borane Dehydrogenation. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Cesari
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Berti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Calcagno
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Lucarelli
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università dell’Insubria, Via Valleggio 9, I-22100 Como, Italy
| | - Marco Garavelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Mazzoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ivan Rivalta
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
- Université de Lyon, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Laboratoire de Chimie, 46 allée d’Italie, F69364 Lyon, France
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
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34
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Reversal of Enantioselectivity in the Conjugate Addition Reaction of Cyclic Enones with the CuOTf/Azolium Catalytic System. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113404. [PMID: 34199812 PMCID: PMC8200092 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyamide-functionalized azolium salt (NHC•HI 4) was evaluated for dual enantioselective control in a Cu-catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition (ACA) reaction. This investigation was based on our previously reported ACA reaction catalyzed using CuOTf combined with NHC•AgI complex 1. It was revealed that the stereocontrol of the catalytic ACA reaction depended on the order of the addition of the substrates. Additionally, the chiral NHC ligand precursors, substrates, the relationship between the catalyst ee (eecat) and product ee (eepro), and halogen counter anion were completely evaluated. These results suggested that the catalytic performance of the CuOTf/4 system was comparable with that of the CuOTf/1 system. Furthermore, to gain knowledge of the Cu species generated using CuOTf and NHC ligand precursor, the reaction of CuOTf with 1 was investigated. Although obtaining the corresponding NHC•CuX species failed, the corresponding NHC•AuCl complex 11 could be synthesized by allowing 1 to react with AuCl•SMe2.
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35
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Strausser SL, Jenkins DM. Synthesis of d10 N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes with a Perimidine Scaffold. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shelby L. Strausser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - David M. Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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36
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Rawat VK, Higashida K, Sawamura M. Use of Imidazo[1,5‐
a
]pyridin‐3‐ylidene as a Platform for Metal‐Imidazole Cooperative Catalysis: Silver‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Alkyne‐Tethered Carboxylic Acids. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kumar Rawat
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
| | - Kosuke Higashida
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD) Hokkaido University Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
| | - Masaya Sawamura
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD) Hokkaido University Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
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37
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Volatile and thermally stable silver pyrazolate complexes containing N-heterocyclic carbene ligands. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.115010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Esarte Palomero O, Cunningham AL, Davies BW, Jones RA. Antibacterial Thiamine inspired silver (I) and gold (I) N-heterocyclic carbene compounds. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021; 517:120152. [PMID: 33568836 PMCID: PMC7869835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.120152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Three new coinage metal carbene complexes of silver and gold were synthesized from a thiamine inspired proligand. The compounds were characterized by HRMS, NMR spectroscopy (1H, 19F, 31P and 13C), FT-IR and elemental analysis. The coordination environment around the metal centers was correlated to the diffusion coefficients obtained from DOSY-NMR experiments and was in agreement with the nuclearity observed in the solid-state by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The silver and gold carbene compounds were subjected to MIC studies against a panel of pathogenic bacteria, including multidrug resistant strains, with the gold carbene derivative showing the most potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhi Esarte Palomero
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin
| | | | - Bryan W Davies
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin
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39
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Shcherbina NA, Kazakov IV, Spiridonova DV, Suslonov VV, Khoroshilova OV, Mikhailov VN, Timoshkin AY. Reaction of In(C6F5)3Et2O with Complexes of Copper and Silver Monochlorides with N,N′-Bis(isopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363220120440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Mondal R, Ortiz RJ, Braun JD, Herbert DE. Synthesis, characterization, and coordination chemistry of a phenanthridine-containing N-heterocyclic carbene ligand. CAN J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An N-heterocyclic carbene ligand precursor bearing a π-extended phenanthridine (3,4-benzoquinoline) unit is presented. The proligand was isolated as the imidazolium salt of chloride (1•HCl), bromide (1•HBr), or hexafluorophosphate (1•HPF6) counterions. These salts can be deprotonated and the carbene installed on silver centres using Ag2O as both a base and a source of metal ion. The resulting Ag(I) complex (1)AgCl can be used in a transmetalation reaction to generate a Pd(II) coordination complex (1)Pd(CH3CN)Cl2. The characterization and photophysical properties of these complexes is presented, along with a demonstration of the utility of (1)Pd(CH3CN)Cl2 in mediating a catalytic C-N cross-coupling reaction for the preparation of the pharmaceutical Piribedil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Mondal
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Robert J. Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Jason D. Braun
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - David E. Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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41
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Wan Q, Yang J, To WP, Che CM. Strong metal-metal Pauli repulsion leads to repulsive metallophilicity in closed-shell d 8 and d 10 organometallic complexes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2019265118. [PMID: 33372160 PMCID: PMC7817198 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2019265118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallophilicity is defined as the interaction among closed-shell metal centers, the origin of which remains controversial, particularly for the roles of spd orbital hybridization (mixing of the spd atomic orbitals of the metal atom in the molecular orbitals of metal complex) and the relativistic effect. Our studies reveal that at close M-M' distances in the X-ray crystal structures of d8 and d10 organometallic complexes, M-M' closed-shell interactions are repulsive in nature due to strong M-M' Pauli repulsion. The relativistic effect facilitates (n + 1)s-nd and (n + 1)p-nd orbital hybridization of the metal atom, where (n + 1)s-nd hybridization induces strong M-M' Pauli repulsion and repulsive M-M' orbital interaction, and (n + 1)p-nd hybridization suppresses M-M' Pauli repulsion. This model is validated by both DFT (density functional theory) and high-level coupled-cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples computations and is used to account for the fact that the intermolecular or intramolecular Ag-Ag' distance is shorter than the Au-Au' distance, where a weaker Ag-Ag' Pauli repulsion plays an important role. The experimental studies verify the importance of ligands in intermolecular interactions. Although the M-M' interaction is repulsive in nature, the linear coordination geometry of the d10 metal complex suppresses the L-L' (ligand-ligand) Pauli repulsion while retaining the strength of the attractive L-L' dispersion, leading to a close unsupported M-M' distance that is shorter than the sum of the van der Waals radius (rvdw) of the metal atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China;
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China;
| | - Wai-Pong To
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China;
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518053, China
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42
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Wang J, Yuan K, Wang G, Liu Y, Zhang J. Catalytic Arylative Endo Cyclization of Gold Acetylides: Access to 3,4-Diphenyl Isoquinoline, 2,3-Diphenyl Indole, and Mesoionic Normal NHC-Gold Complex. Chemistry 2021; 27:212-217. [PMID: 32627245 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
3,4-Diphenyl isoquinoline and 2,3-diphenyl indole are readily accessed by catalytic selective bis-arylative endo cyclization of gold acetylides. The synthetic approach could be also extended to prepare six-membered mesoionic NHC complex, which could further undergo deprotonation/complexation to afford 1,3-N-heterocyclic dicarbene (NHDCs) Au2 and Au/Ag complexes. The key vicinal diaurated alkene intermediates have been isolated and the studies on their reactivities towards coupling partners reinforce the proposed mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Kemeng Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Gendi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
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43
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Mikhaylov VN, Kazakov IV, Parfeniuk TN, Khoroshilova OV, Scheer M, Timoshkin AY, Balova IA. The carbene transfer to strong Lewis acids: copper is better than silver. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:2872-2879. [DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00235j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Air-stable copper(i) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes are excellent reagents for carbene transfer to Lewis Acids based on group 13 metals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- D-93040 Regensburg
- Germany
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44
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Gangwar MK, Butcher RJ. Axially chiral bis-1,2,3-Triazol-4-ylidene–Ag(I)-MIC and, bis-Au(I)-MIC complexes of (R)-BINOL and (-)-Menthol scaffold: Synthesis, structure, and characterizations. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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45
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Kamiguchi K, Sakaguchi S. Reaction of hydroxyamide-functionalized azolium salt with Ag2O: Three different transformations. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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46
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Geitner FS, Fässler TF. Cluster Expansion versus Complex Formation: Coinage Metal Coordination to Silylated [Ge 9] Cages. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:15218-15227. [PMID: 33017536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Deltahedral nine-atom tetrel element Zintl clusters are promising building blocks for the straightforward solution-based synthesis of intermetalloid clusters through the reaction with organometallic compounds. Herein we report on novel coordination sites of metal-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes to [Ge9] clusters and unexpected cluster isomerization. We present the synthesis of a series of coinage metal-NHC complexes of silylated [Ge9] clusters [NHCiPrCu(η4-Ge9{Si(TMS)3}3)] (1; TMS = trimethylsilyl) and [NHCRM(η4-Ge9{Si(TMS)3}2)]- (2a, M = Cu, R = iPr; 3a, M = Cu, R = Mes; 4a, M = Cu, R = Dipp; 5a, M = Ag, R = Dipp; 6a, M = Au, R = Dipp), in which the coinage metals coordinate to open rectangular cluster faces and act as additional cluster vertex atoms. Besides representing promising intermediates on the way to larger intermetalloid clusters, the formation of compound 1 shows that Cu-NHC fragments also coordinate to the open-square Ge faces of the tris-silylated [Ge9] clusters, contrasting the typical interactions with triangular faces of tris-silylated [Ge9] clusters. In compounds 3a and 4a bearing bulky NHC moieties, an unusual silyl group substitution pattern is observed in contrast to 2a, which corresponds to the silyl group arrangement of other metal complexes of bis-silylated [Ge9] clusters. In this context, potential silyl group migration mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix S Geitner
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Thomas F Fässler
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching b. München, Germany
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47
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Scattolin T, Bortolamiol E, Caligiuri I, Rizzolio F, Demitri N, Visentin F. Synthesis and comparative study of the anticancer activity of η3-allyl palladium(II) complexes bearing N-heterocyclic carbenes as ancillary ligands. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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48
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Ponduru TT, Wang G, Manoj S, Pan S, Zhao L, Frenking G, Dias HVR. Synthesis and characterization of heterometallic complexes involving coinage metals and isoelectronic Fe(CO) 5, [Mn(CO) 5] - and [Fe(CO) 4CN] - ligands. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:8566-8581. [PMID: 32542268 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01590c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of coinage metal ions with Fe(CO)5, [Mn(CO)5]- and [Fe(CO)4CN]- has been explored using Mes3P and N-heterocyclic carbene supporting ligands. A comparison of [(SIPr)Au-Fe(CO)5][SbF6], [(Et2CAAC)Au-Fe(CO)5][SbF6] and [(Mes3P)Au-Fe(CO)5][SbF6] shows that the ligand donor strength towards Au(i) follows the order Mes3P > Et2CAAC > SIPr. These Fe(CO)5 complexes show significant blue shifts in [small nu, Greek, macron]CO bands relative to those observed for free Fe(CO)5 as a result of it serving as a net electron donor to Au(i). Au(i) is a much stronger acceptor in (SIPr)Au-Mn(CO)5 compared to Ag(i) in (SIPr)Ag-Mn(CO)5. The structural details of Mes3PAu-Mn(CO)5 are also presented. [Fe(CO)4CN]- afforded CN bridged coinage metal complexes with (IPr*)Au+, (SIPr)Ag+ and (SIPr)Cu+ moieties, rather than molecules with direct Fe/coinage metal bonds. The computed total interaction energies indicate that both [Mn(CO)5]- and [Fe(CO)4CN]- are stronger donors toward Au(i) than Fe(CO)5. A detailed analysis of the bonding interactions between the coinage metal ions and Fe(CO)5, [Mn(CO)5]- and [Fe(CO)4CN]- suggests that the largest contribution comes from electrostatic attraction, while the covalent component follows the Dewar-Chatt-Duncanson model. The σ-donor interactions of these organometallic ligands with coinage metal ions are considerably stronger than the π-backbonding from the coinage metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharun Teja Ponduru
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA.
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Shreiber ST, Kaplan PT, Hughes RP, Vasiliu M, Dixon DA, Cramer RE, Vicic DA. Syntheses, solution behavior, and computational bond length analyses of trifluoromethyl and perfluoroethyl cuprate salts. J Fluor Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2020.109518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Berti B, Bortoluzzi M, Cesari C, Femoni C, Iapalucci MC, Mazzoni R, Zacchini S. A Comparative Experimental and Computational Study of Heterometallic Fe-M (M = Cu, Ag, Au) Carbonyl Clusters Containing N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Berti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale ''Toso Montanari''; University of Bologna; Viale Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Marco Bortoluzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi; Ca' Foscari University of Venice; Via Torino 155 - 30175 Mestre (Ve) Italy
| | - Cristiana Cesari
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale ''Toso Montanari''; University of Bologna; Viale Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Cristina Femoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale ''Toso Montanari''; University of Bologna; Viale Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Iapalucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale ''Toso Montanari''; University of Bologna; Viale Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Rita Mazzoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale ''Toso Montanari''; University of Bologna; Viale Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale ''Toso Montanari''; University of Bologna; Viale Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
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