1
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Wohltmann WM, Schmidtmann M, Müller T. Covalent triflates as synthons for silolyl- and germolyl cations. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:9836-9842. [PMID: 35708108 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01446g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 1-silolyl and 1-germolyl triflates from the corresponding chlorides by salt metathesis reaction is reported. These covalent triflates are ideal starting materials for the preparation of ionic silolyl- and germolyl-imidazolium triflates by their reaction with N-heterocyclic carbenes. Similarily, ionic silolyl- and germolyl-oxophosphonium triflates are obtained by substitution of the triflate group by triethylphosphane oxide Et3PO. The analysis of their 31P NMR chemical shifts according to the Gutmann-Beckett method reveal the high Lewis acidity of the underlying silolyl and germolyl cations. Further analysis of structural and NMR parameters of the silolyl- and germolyl-imidazolium and oxophosphonium triflates indicates that these compounds are covalently bonded silole and germole derivatives with insignificant contributions from silolyl- or germolyl cations. Silolyl and germolyl triflates are however synthetic equivalents of these cations and might serve as a source for electrophilic silolyl and germolyl units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Marie Wohltmann
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.
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2
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Saab M, Nelson DJ, Leech MC, Lam K, Nolan SP, Nahra F, Van Hecke K. Reactions of N-heterocyclic carbene-based chalcogenoureas with halogens: a diverse range of outcomes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3721-3733. [PMID: 35169826 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00010e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the reactions of chalcogenoureas derived from N-heterocyclic carbenes, referred to here as [E(NHC)], with halogens. Depending on the structure of the chalcogenourea and the identity of the halogen, a diverse range of reactivity was observed and a corresponding range of structures was obtained. Cyclic voltammetry was carried out to characterise the oxidation and reduction potentials of these [E(NHC)] species; selenoureas were found to be easier to oxidise than the corresponding thioureas. In some cases, a correlation was found between the oxidation potential of these compounds and the electronic properties of the corresponding NHC. The reactivity of these chalcogenoureas with different halogenating reagents (Br2, SO2Cl2, I2) was then investigated, and products were characterised using NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. X-ray analyses elucidated the solid-state coordination types of the obtained products, showing that a variety of possible adducts can be obtained. In some cases, we were able to extrapolate a structure/activity correlation to explain the observed trends in reactivity and oxidation potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Saab
- XStruct, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - David J Nelson
- WestCHEM Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, Scotland, UK
| | - Matthew C Leech
- School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Kevin Lam
- School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fady Nahra
- XStruct, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. .,VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- XStruct, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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3
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Ackermann MT, Seidl M, Wen F, Ferguson MJ, Timoshkin AY, Rivard E, Scheer M. An NHC-Stabilized H 2 GeBH 2 Precursor for the Preparation of Cationic Group 13/14/15 Hydride Chains. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103780. [PMID: 34761837 PMCID: PMC9299135 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization and reactivity studies of the NHC‐stabilized complex IDipp ⋅ GeH2BH2OTf (1) (IDipp=1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin‐2‐ylidene) are reported. Nucleophilic substitution of the triflate (OTf) group in 1 by phosphine or arsine donors provides access to the cationic group 13/14/15 chains [IDipp ⋅ GeH2BH2ERR1R2]+ (2 E=P; R, R1=H; R2=tBu; 3 E=P; R=H; R1, R2=Ph; 4 a E=P; R, R1, R2=Ph; 4 b E=As; R, R1, R2=Ph). These novel cationic chains were characterized by X‐ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Moreover, the formation of the parent complexes [IDipp ⋅ GeH2BH2PH3][OTf] (5) and [IDipp ⋅ GeH3][OTf] (6) were achieved by reaction of 1 with PH3. Accompanying DFT computations give insight into the stability of the formed chains with respect to their decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias T Ackermann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Seidl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Fuwei Wen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Michael J Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Alexey Y Timoshkin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb. 7/9, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
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4
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Klemmer L, Thömmes AL, Zimmer M, Huch V, Morgenstern B, Scheschkewitz D. Metathesis of Ge=Ge double bonds. Nat Chem 2021; 13:373-377. [PMID: 33649497 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00639-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The metathesis of carbon-carbon double bonds-the 'reshuffling' of their constituting carbene fragments-is a tremendously important preparative tool in industry and academia. Metathesis of heavier alkene homologues is restricted to occasional unproductive examples in phosphorus chemistry and cross-metathesis to mixed heavier alkynes. We now report the thermally induced, transition-metal-free metathesis of purpose-built unsymmetrically substituted digermenes. The A2Ge=GeAB starting materials are thus converted to symmetrically substituted derivatives of the A2Ge=GeA2 and ABGe=GeAB types. The use of tethered auxiliary donors (dimethylaniline groups) in substituents B ensures intramolecular donor-acceptor stabilization of the transient germylene fragments, the intermediacy of which is proven by trapping experiments. Density functional theory calculations shed light on the thermodynamic driving force of the metathesis and validate the crucial role of the tethered donor. With an analogously equipped bridged tetragermadiene precursor (A2Ge=GeB-X-BGe=GeA2), heavier acyclic diene metathesis polymerization occurs, in analogy to the widespread acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization in the carbon case, yielding a polydigermene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Klemmer
- Krupp Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Thömmes
- Krupp Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michael Zimmer
- Krupp Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Volker Huch
- Krupp Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Bernd Morgenstern
- Krupp Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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5
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Borthakur B, Ghosh B, Phukan AK. The flourishing chemistry of carbene stabilized compounds of group 13 and 14 elements. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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6
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Omaña AA, Green RK, Kobayashi R, He Y, Antoniuk ER, Ferguson MJ, Zhou Y, Veinot JGC, Iwamoto T, Brown A, Rivard E. Frustrated Lewis Pair Chelation as a Vehicle for Low-Temperature Semiconductor Element and Polymer Deposition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:228-231. [PMID: 32960472 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The stabilization of silicon(II) and germanium(II) dihydrides by an intramolecular Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP) ligand, PB, i Pr2 P(C6 H4 )BCy2 (Cy=cyclohexyl) is reported. The resulting hydride complexes [PB{SiH2 }] and [PB{GeH2 }] are indefinitely stable at room temperature, yet can deposit films of silicon and germanium, respectively, upon mild thermolysis in solution. Hallmarks of this work include: 1) the ability to recycle the FLP phosphine-borane ligand (PB) after element deposition, and 2) the single-source precursor [PB{SiH2 }] deposits Si films at a record low temperature from solution (110 °C). The dialkylsilicon(II) adduct [PB{SiMe2 }] was also prepared, and shown to release poly(dimethylsilane) [SiMe2 ]n upon heating. Overall, this study introduces a "closed loop" deposition strategy for semiconductors that steers materials science away from the use of harsh reagents or high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro A Omaña
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Rachel K Green
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Ryo Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yingjie He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Evan R Antoniuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Michael J Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Yuqiao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Jonathan G C Veinot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Takeaki Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Alex Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
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7
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Omaña AA, Green RK, Kobayashi R, He Y, Antoniuk ER, Ferguson MJ, Zhou Y, Veinot JGC, Iwamoto T, Brown A, Rivard E. Frustrated Lewis Pair Chelation as a Vehicle for Low‐Temperature Semiconductor Element and Polymer Deposition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro A. Omaña
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Rachel K. Green
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Ryo Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Yingjie He
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Evan R. Antoniuk
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Yuqiao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Jonathan G. C. Veinot
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Takeaki Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Alex Brown
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
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8
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Xi X, Zhang G, Li J, Huang Y, Jiang W, Wu P, Zhu H. Synthesis of Alkynes Composed of the Novel Substituents and Their Reactions with B(C 6F 5) 3. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202007018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Sinclair J, Dai G, McDonald R, Ferguson MJ, Brown A, Rivard E. Insight into the Decomposition Mechanism of Donor-Acceptor Complexes of EH 2 (E = Ge and Sn) and Access to Germanium Thin Films from Solution. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10996-11008. [PMID: 32686404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Electron-donating N-heterocyclic carbenes (Lewis bases, LB) and electron-accepting Lewis acids (LA) have been used in tandem to yield donor-acceptor complexes of inorganic tetrelenes LB·EH2·LA (E = Si, Ge, and Sn). Herein, we introduce the new germanium (II) dihydride adducts ImMe2·GeH2·BH3 (ImMe2 = (HCNMe)2C:) and ImiPr2Me2·GeH2·BH3 (ImiPr2Me2 = (MeCNiPr)2C:), with the former complex containing nearly 40 wt % germanium. The thermal release of bulk germanium from ImMe2·GeH2·BH3 (and its deuterated isotopologue ImMe2·GeD2·BD3) was examined in solution, and a combined kinetic and computational investigation was undertaken to probe the mechanism by which Ge is liberated. Moreover, the thermolysis of ImMe2·GeH2·BH3 in solution cleanly affords conformal nanodimensional layers of germanium as thin films of variable thicknesses (20-70 nm) on silicon wafers. We also conducted a computational investigation into potential decomposition pathways for the germanium(II)- and tin(II)-dihydride complexes NHC·EH2·BH3 (NHC = [(HCNR)2C:]; R = 2,6-iPr2C6H3 (Dipp), Me, and H; and E = Ge and Sn). Overall, this study introduces a mild and convenient solution-only protocol for the deposition of thin films of Ge, a widely used semiconductor in materials research and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Sinclair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Guoliang Dai
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 2215009 Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Michael J Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Alex Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
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10
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Watanabe T, Kasai Y, Tobita H. A Nickel Complex Containing a Pyramidalized, Ambiphilic Pincer Germylene Ligand. Chemistry 2019; 25:13491-13495. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Watanabe
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceTohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Yumi Kasai
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceTohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Hiromi Tobita
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceTohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
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11
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Doddi A, Peters M, Tamm M. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Adducts of Main Group Elements and Their Use as Ligands in Transition Metal Chemistry. Chem Rev 2019; 119:6994-7112. [PMID: 30983327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) are nowadays ubiquitous and indispensable in many research fields, and it is not possible to imagine modern transition metal and main group element chemistry without the plethora of available NHCs with tailor-made electronic and steric properties. While their suitability to act as strong ligands toward transition metals has led to numerous applications of NHC complexes in homogeneous catalysis, their strong σ-donating and adaptable π-accepting abilities have also contributed to an impressive vitalization of main group chemistry with the isolation and characterization of NHC adducts of almost any element. Formally, NHC coordination to Lewis acids affords a transfer of nucleophilicity from the carbene carbon atom to the attached exocyclic moiety, and low-valent and low-coordinate adducts of the p-block elements with available lone pairs and/or polarized carbon-element π-bonds are able to act themselves as Lewis basic donor ligands toward transition metals. Accordingly, the availability of a large number of novel NHC adducts has not only produced new varieties of already existing ligand classes but has also allowed establishment of numerous complexes with unusual and often unprecedented element-metal bonds. This review aims at summarizing this development comprehensively and covers the usage of N-heterocyclic carbene adducts of the p-block elements as ligands in transition metal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adinarayana Doddi
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marius Peters
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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12
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Müller C, Andrada DM, Bischoff IA, Zimmer M, Huch V, Steinbrück N, Schäfer A. Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding Analysis of Tin(II) Dihalide and Cyclopentadienyltin(II) Halide (Alkyl)(amino)carbene Complexes. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Müller
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Diego M. Andrada
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Inga-Alexandra Bischoff
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Michael Zimmer
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Volker Huch
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Nils Steinbrück
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - André Schäfer
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Federal Republic of Germany
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13
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Dong Z, Albers L, Schmidtmann M, Müller T. A Germacalicene: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity. Chemistry 2018; 25:1098-1105. [PMID: 30450653 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of the germacalicene 7 from the reaction of the dipotassium germole dianion K2 [6] with 1,2-bis-diisopropylamino-3-chlorocyclopropenyl perchlorate is reported. Based on the crystal structure analysis and the results of DFT calculations, the germacalicene 7 can be viewed as a cyclopropenium germacyclopentadienide ylide that is isoelectronic to α-cationic phosphanes. First reactivity studies revealed its nucleophilic character and resulted in the isolation of the air- and moisture-stable carbonyl iron complex 15 and the cationic silver complex 20. One-electron oxidation of the germacalicene 7 was achieved by its reaction with [Ph3 C][B(C6 F5 )4 ] and the bis-cationic Ge-Ge-bonded dimer 22 was isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowen Dong
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Lena Albers
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
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14
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Roy MMD, Fujimori S, Ferguson MJ, McDonald R, Tokitoh N, Rivard E. Neutral, Cationic and Hydride-substituted Siloxygermylenes. Chemistry 2018; 24:14392-14399. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M. D. Roy
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Shiori Fujimori
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto, 611-0011 Japan
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Norihiro Tokitoh
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto, 611-0011 Japan
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
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15
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Duffy IR, Leigh WJ. Fast kinetics studies of the Lewis acid-base complexation of transient stannylenes with σ- and π-donors in solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:20555-20570. [PMID: 30052251 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03580f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Lewis acid-base complexation chemistry of dimethyl- and diphenylstannylene (SnMe2 and SnPh2, respectively) in hexanes solution has been studied by laser photolysis methods. Complexation of the two stannylenes with a series of nine O-, S-, and N-donors (including cyclic and acyclic dialkyl ethers and sulfides, a primary, secondary, and tertiary amine, ethyl acetate and acetone), two alkenes, and an alkyne proceeds rapidly and reversibly to generate the corresponding stannylene-donor Lewis pairs, which have been detected in each case by time-resolved UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. The complexes exhibit UV-vis absorption maxima in the range of λmax ∼ 310-405 nm depending on the donor and substitution at tin. Bimolecular rate constants for complexation (kC), which could be determined for 14 of the 24 Lewis pairs that were studied, were found to fall within a factor of four of the diffusional limit in all cases, with SnMe2 showing consistently higher reactivity than SnPh2. Equilibrium constants for complexation (KC) could be measured for all but one of the stannylene-π- and O-donor pairs, the values corresponding to (gas phase) binding free energies in the range of +1.1 to -3.9 kcal mol-1. Comparison of the experimental equilibrium constants for complexation of SnMe2 and SnPh2 with methanol and diethyl ether to those measured previously for the homologous silylenes and germylenes indicates that Lewis acidity decreases in the order SiR2 > SnR2 > GeR2 for both the dimethyl- and diphenyltetrylene series, the diphenyl derivatives exhibiting significantly stronger Lewis acidity in all three cases. The experimental trends in the binding energies and UV-vis spectra of the complexes are reproduced well by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which have been carried out at the (TD)ωB97XD/def2-TZVP level of theory. The experimental data also show evidence of a reaction between tetramethyldistannene (Me2Sn[double bond, length as m-dash]SnMe2, 4a) and amine donors, which is suggested to afford the corresponding amine-stabilized stannylidenestannylene structure. The mechanistic proposal is supported by DFT calculations of the complexation of 4a and SnMe2 with model O-, S- and N-donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Duffy
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4M1.
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16
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Nesterov V, Reiter D, Bag P, Frisch P, Holzner R, Porzelt A, Inoue S. NHCs in Main Group Chemistry. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9678-9842. [PMID: 29969239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 497] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first stable N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) in the beginning of the 1990s, these divalent carbon species have become a common and available class of compounds, which have found numerous applications in academic and industrial research. Their important role as two-electron donor ligands, especially in transition metal chemistry and catalysis, is difficult to overestimate. In the past decade, there has been tremendous research attention given to the chemistry of low-coordinate main group element compounds. Significant progress has been achieved in stabilization and isolation of such species as Lewis acid/base adducts with highly tunable NHC ligands. This has allowed investigation of numerous novel types of compounds with unique electronic structures and opened new opportunities in the rational design of novel organic catalysts and materials. This Review gives a general overview of this research, basic synthetic approaches, key features of NHC-main group element adducts, and might be useful for the broad research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Dominik Reiter
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Prasenjit Bag
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Philipp Frisch
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Richard Holzner
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Amelie Porzelt
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
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17
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Müller C, Stahlich A, Wirtz L, Gretsch C, Huch V, Schäfer A. Carbene Complexes of Stannocenes. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:8050-8053. [PMID: 29952561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Müller
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Angelika Stahlich
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Lisa Wirtz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Claude Gretsch
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Volker Huch
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - André Schäfer
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Federal Republic of Germany
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18
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Benedek Z, Szilvási T. Theoretical Assessment of Low-Valent Germanium Compounds as Transition Metal Ligands: Can They Be Better than Phosphines or NHCs? Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Benedek
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Szilvási
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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19
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Swarnakar AK, Hering-Junghans C, Ferguson MJ, McDonald R, Rivard E. Reactivity of a coordinated inorganic acetylene unit, HBNH, and the azidoborane cation [HB(N 3)] . Chem Sci 2017; 8:2337-2343. [PMID: 28451338 PMCID: PMC5365008 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc04893e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A donor-acceptor complex of HBNH was prepared via thermolysis of a carbene-stabilized azidoborane. The reactivity of the fundamentally important HBNH unit (inorganic alkyne analogue) was explored in detail, including attempts to convert this species and related hydrido(azido)borane cations into molecular complexes of BN. This work provides added impetus for the development of molecular precursors that can release bulk boron nitride (a desirable insulator and thermal conductor) under mild conditions, and from solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindya K Swarnakar
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada T6G 2G2 .
| | - Christian Hering-Junghans
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada T6G 2G2 .
| | - Michael J Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada T6G 2G2 .
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada T6G 2G2 .
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry , University of Alberta , 11227 Saskatchewan Drive , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada T6G 2G2 .
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20
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Paul D, Heins F, Krupski S, Hepp A, Daniliuc CG, Klahr K, Neugebauer J, Glorius F, Hahn FE. Synthesis and Reactivity of Intramolecularly NHC-Stabilized Germylenes and Stannylenes. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Paul
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frederik Heins
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28−30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sergei Krupski
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28−30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28−30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kevin Klahr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Center
for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Neugebauer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Center
for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - F. Ekkehardt Hahn
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28−30, 48149 Münster, Germany
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21
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Sindlinger CP, Aicher FSW, Wesemann L. Cationic Stannylenes: In Situ Generation and NMR Spectroscopic Characterization. Inorg Chem 2016; 56:548-560. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian P. Sindlinger
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frederik S. W. Aicher
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lars Wesemann
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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22
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Dong Z, Reinhold CRW, Schmidtmann M, Müller T. A Germylene Stabilized by Homoconjugation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15899-15904. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowen Dong
- Institut für Chemie; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; 26129 Oldenburg Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11 Germany
| | - Crispin R. W. Reinhold
- Institut für Chemie; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; 26129 Oldenburg Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11 Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institut für Chemie; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; 26129 Oldenburg Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11 Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für Chemie; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; 26129 Oldenburg Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11 Germany
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23
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Dong Z, Reinhold CRW, Schmidtmann M, Müller T. A Germylene Stabilized by Homoconjugation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowen Dong
- Institut für Chemie; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; 26129 Oldenburg Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11 Germany
| | - Crispin R. W. Reinhold
- Institut für Chemie; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; 26129 Oldenburg Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11 Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institut für Chemie; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; 26129 Oldenburg Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11 Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für Chemie; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; 26129 Oldenburg Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11 Germany
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24
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Tashkandi NY, Cook EE, Bourque JL, Baines KM. Addition of Isocyanides to Tetramesityldigermene: A Comparison of the Reactivity between Surface and Molecular Digermenes. Chemistry 2016; 22:14006-14012. [PMID: 27529452 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of benzyl isocyanide, tert-butyl isocyanide, and 2,6-dimethylphenyl isocyanide with tetramesityldigermene (Mes2 Ge=GeMes2 ) was examined. Whereas the addition of benzyl isocyanide gave the C-NC activation product, Mes2 Ge(CH2 Ph)Ge(CN)Mes2 , tert-butyl isocyanide, and 2,6-dimethylphenyl isocyanide did not give stable adducts, rather the rate of conversion of the digermene to the corresponding cyclotrigermane was accelerated. A comparison between the reactivity of the isocyanides with Mes2 Ge=GeMes2 and the Ge(100)-2×1 surface was made and some insights into the surface chemistry are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Y Tashkandi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Emily E Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Jeremy L Bourque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Kim M Baines
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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25
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Li J, Li B, Liu R, Jiang L, Zhu H, Roesky HW, Dutta S, Koley D, Liu W, Ye Q. A Germylene/Borane Lewis Pair and the Remarkable C=O Bond Cleavage Reaction toward Isocyanate and Ketone Molecules. Chemistry 2016; 22:14499-503. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Liuyin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Hongping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Georg-August-Universität; Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Sayan Dutta
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata; Mohanpur 741246 India
| | - Debasis Koley
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata; Mohanpur 741246 India
| | - Weiping Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Platinum Group Metals; Kunming Institute of Precious Metals, Kunming; Yunnan 650106 P. R. China
| | - Qingsong Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Platinum Group Metals; Kunming Institute of Precious Metals, Kunming; Yunnan 650106 P. R. China
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26
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Lutters D, Merk A, Schmidtmann M, Müller T. The Silicon Version of Phosphine Chalcogenides: Synthesis and Bonding Analysis of Stabilized Heavy Silaaldehydes. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:9026-32. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Lutters
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Anastasia Merk
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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27
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Lutters D, Severin C, Schmidtmann M, Müller T. Activation of 7-Silanorbornadienes by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: A Selective Way to N-Heterocyclic-Carbene-Stabilized Silylenes. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:6061-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b02824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Lutters
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Claudia Severin
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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28
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Sindlinger CP, Grahneis W, Aicher FSW, Wesemann L. Access to Base Adducts of Low‐Valent Organotin‐Hydride Compounds by Controlled, Stepwise Hydrogen Abstraction from a Tetravalent Organotin Trihydride. Chemistry 2016; 22:7554-66. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201505081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian P. Sindlinger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Wiebke Grahneis
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Frederik S. W. Aicher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Lars Wesemann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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29
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Yadav S, Manjare ST, Singh HB, Butcher RJ. Transition metal mediated formation of dicationic diselenides stabilised by N-heterocyclic carbenes: designed synthesis. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:12015-27. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01425a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Designed syntheses of dicationic diselenides have been developed by (i) reduction of dihaloselones (routes A and B) and (ii) by oxidation of selone adducts of metal halides (route C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Yadav
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400076
- India
| | - Sudesh T. Manjare
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400076
- India
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Harkesh B. Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400076
- India
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30
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Swarnakar AK, Hering-Junghans C, Nagata K, Ferguson MJ, McDonald R, Tokitoh N, Rivard E. Encapsulating Inorganic Acetylene, HBNH, Using Flanking Coordinative Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Swarnakar AK, Hering-Junghans C, Nagata K, Ferguson MJ, McDonald R, Tokitoh N, Rivard E. Stabilisierung von anorganischem Acetylen, HBNH, mithilfe flankierender koordinativer Wechselwirkungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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32
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Abstract
This Perspective article summarizes recent progress from our laboratory in the isolation of reactive main group species using a general donor-acceptor protocol. A highlight of this program is the use of carbon-based donors in combination with suitable Lewis acidic acceptors to yield stable complexes of parent Group 14 element hydrides (e.g. GeH2 and H2SiGeH2). It is anticipated that this strategy could be extended to include new synthetic targets from throughout the Periodic Table with possible applications in bottom-up materials synthesis and main group element catalysis envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr, Edmonton, AB, CanadaT6G 2G2.
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33
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El Ezzi M, Kocsor TG, D’Accriscio F, Madec D, Mallet-Ladeira S, Castel A. Iron Complexes with Stabilized Germylenes: Syntheses and Characterizations. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/om500903g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad El Ezzi
- Laboratoire
Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, UMR/CNRS 5069, Université Paul Sabatier, 118, Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Tibor-Gabor Kocsor
- Laboratoire
Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, UMR/CNRS 5069, Université Paul Sabatier, 118, Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Florian D’Accriscio
- Laboratoire
Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, UMR/CNRS 5069, Université Paul Sabatier, 118, Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - David Madec
- Laboratoire
Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, UMR/CNRS 5069, Université Paul Sabatier, 118, Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Sonia Mallet-Ladeira
- Institut
de Chimie de Toulouse (FR2599), Université Paul Sabatier, 118, Route
de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Annie Castel
- Laboratoire
Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, UMR/CNRS 5069, Université Paul Sabatier, 118, Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
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34
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Jana A, Huch V, Rzepa HS, Scheschkewitz D. A Multiply Functionalized Base‐Coordinated Ge
II
Compound and Its Reversible Dimerization to the Digermene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:289-92. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201407751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anukul Jana
- Krupp‐Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66125 Saarbrücken (Germany) http://www.uni‐saarland.de/fak8/scheschkewitz/index.html
- New Address: Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, 21, Brundavan Colony, Narsingi, Hyderabad‐500075 (India)
| | - Volker Huch
- Krupp‐Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66125 Saarbrücken (Germany) http://www.uni‐saarland.de/fak8/scheschkewitz/index.html
| | - Henry S. Rzepa
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ (UK)
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp‐Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66125 Saarbrücken (Germany) http://www.uni‐saarland.de/fak8/scheschkewitz/index.html
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35
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Jana A, Huch V, Rzepa HS, Scheschkewitz D. Eine mehrfach funktionalisierte Basen‐koordinierte Ge
II
‐Verbindung und ihre reversible Dimerisierung zum Digermen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201407751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anukul Jana
- Krupp‐Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66125 Saarbrücken (Deutschland) http://www.uni‐saarland.de/fak8/scheschkewitz/index.html
- Neue Adresse: Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, 21, Brundavan Colony, Narsingi, Hyderabad‐500075 (Indien)
| | - Volker Huch
- Krupp‐Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66125 Saarbrücken (Deutschland) http://www.uni‐saarland.de/fak8/scheschkewitz/index.html
| | - Henry S. Rzepa
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ (Großbritannien)
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp‐Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66125 Saarbrücken (Deutschland) http://www.uni‐saarland.de/fak8/scheschkewitz/index.html
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Prabusankar G, Sathyanarayana A, Suresh P, Naga Babu C, Srinivas K, Metla BPR. N-heterocyclic carbene supported heavier group 14 elements: Recent progress and challenges. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kocsor TG, Nemes G, Saffon N, Mallet-Ladeira S, Madec D, Castel A, Escudié J. N-heterocyclic carbene stabilized phosphaalkenyl(chloro)stannylene. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:2718-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt53333f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first phosphaalkenyl(chloro)tin(ii) compound stabilized through complexation with a N-heterocyclic carbene was fully characterized, and its reaction with Me2SAuCl led to the formation of an unprecedented PC-bridged trinuclear gold complex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G. Nemes
- Facultatea de Chimie şi Inginerie Chimică
- Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai
- Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - N. Saffon
- Université de Toulouse
- UPS
- Service Commun Rayons X
- ICT-FR2599
- F-31062 Toulouse cedex 09, France
| | - S. Mallet-Ladeira
- Université de Toulouse
- UPS
- Service Commun Rayons X
- ICT-FR2599
- F-31062 Toulouse cedex 09, France
| | - D. Madec
- Université de Toulouse
- UPS
- CNRS
- LHFA
- UMR 5069
| | - A. Castel
- Université de Toulouse
- UPS
- CNRS
- LHFA
- UMR 5069
| | - J. Escudié
- Université de Toulouse
- UPS
- CNRS
- LHFA
- UMR 5069
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Manjare ST, Yadav S, Singh HB, Butcher RJ. Redox Reaction between Main-Group Elements (Te, Sn, Bi) and N-Heterocyclic-Carbene-Derived Selenium Halides: A Facile Method for the Preparation of Monomeric Halides. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201300850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Al-Rafia SMI, Shynkaruk O, McDonald SM, Liew SK, Ferguson MJ, McDonald R, Herber RH, Rivard E. Synthesis and Mössbauer Spectroscopy of Formal Tin(II) Dichloride and Dihydride Species Supported by Lewis Acids and Bases. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:5581-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ic4005455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Ibrahim Al-Rafia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Olena Shynkaruk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Sean M. McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Sean K. Liew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Rolfe H. Herber
- Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
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Malcolm AC, Sabourin KJ, McDonald R, Ferguson MJ, Rivard E. Donor–Acceptor Complexation and Dehydrogenation Chemistry of Aminoboranes. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:12905-16. [DOI: 10.1021/ic3018997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam C. Malcolm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta,
Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Kyle J. Sabourin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta,
Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta,
Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta,
Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta,
Canada T6G 2G2
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41
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Al-Rafia SMI, McDonald R, Ferguson MJ, Rivard E. Preparation of Stable Low-Oxidation-State Group 14 Element Amidohydrides and Hydride-Mediated Ring-Expansion Chemistry of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Chemistry 2012; 18:13810-20. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Leung WP, Chiu WK, Mak TCW. Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Metallogermylenes, Cp-Substituted Germylene, and a Germanium(II)-Borane Adduct from Pyridyl-1-azaallyl Germanium(II) Chloride. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om3007739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Por Leung
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Wang-Kin Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Thomas C. W. Mak
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s
Republic of China
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Rao YL, Chen LD, Mosey NJ, Wang S. Stepwise Intramolecular Photoisomerization of NHC-Chelate Dimesitylboron Compounds with C–C Bond Formation and C–H Bond Insertion. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:11026-34. [DOI: 10.1021/ja304211v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Li Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Leanne D. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Nicholas J. Mosey
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Suning Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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Kostina SS, Singh T, Leigh WJ. Electronic and Steric Effects on the Lewis Acidities of Transient Silylenes and Germylenes: Equilibrium Constants for Complexation with Chalcogen and Pnictogen Donors. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om3002558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana S. Kostina
- Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Tishaan Singh
- Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - William J. Leigh
- Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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Al-Rafia SMI, Malcolm AC, McDonald R, Ferguson MJ, Rivard E. Efficient generation of stable adducts of Si(ii) dihydride using a donor–acceptor approach. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:1308-10. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc17101e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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46
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Al-Rafia SMI, Malcolm AC, McDonald R, Ferguson MJ, Rivard E. Trapping the Parent Inorganic Ethylenes H2SiGeH2 and H2SiSnH2 in the Form of Stable Adducts at Ambient Temperature. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:8354-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201103576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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47
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Al-Rafia SMI, Malcolm AC, McDonald R, Ferguson MJ, Rivard E. Trapping the Parent Inorganic Ethylenes H2SiGeH2 and H2SiSnH2 in the Form of Stable Adducts at Ambient Temperature. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201103576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Billone PS, Beleznay K, Harrington CR, Huck LA, Leigh WJ. A Glimpse at the Chemistry of GeH2 in Solution. Direct Detection of an Intramolecular Germylene–Alkene π-Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:10523-34. [PMID: 21639137 DOI: 10.1021/ja201190b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul S. Billone
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Katie Beleznay
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Cameron R. Harrington
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Lawrence A. Huck
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON Canada L8S 4M1
| | - William J. Leigh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON Canada L8S 4M1
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