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Wang J, Xue M, Hu Y, Li J, Li Z, Wang Y. Proteomic Insights into Osteoporosis: Unraveling Diagnostic Markers of and Therapeutic Targets for the Metabolic Bone Disease. Biomolecules 2024; 14:554. [PMID: 38785961 PMCID: PMC11118602 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP), a prevalent skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength and increased susceptibility to fractures, poses a significant public health concern. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current state of research in the field, focusing on the application of proteomic techniques to elucidate diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for OP. The integration of cutting-edge proteomic technologies has enabled the identification and quantification of proteins associated with bone metabolism, leading to a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying OP. In this review, we systematically examine recent advancements in proteomic studies related to OP, emphasizing the identification of potential biomarkers for OP diagnosis and the discovery of novel therapeutic targets. Additionally, we discuss the challenges and future directions in the field, highlighting the potential impact of proteomic research in transforming the landscape of OP diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihan Wang
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (J.W.)
| | - Mengju Xue
- School of Medicine, Xi’an International University, Xi’an 710077, China
| | - Ya Hu
- Department of Medical College, Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology, Hengyang 421000, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (J.W.)
- Research and Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (J.W.)
- Research and Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China
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Otzel DM, Conover CF, Ye F, Phillips EG, Bassett T, Wnek RD, Flores M, Catter A, Ghosh P, Balaez A, Petusevsky J, Chen C, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Jiron JM, Bose PK, Borst SE, Wronski TJ, Aguirre JI, Yarrow JF. Longitudinal Examination of Bone Loss in Male Rats After Moderate-Severe Contusion Spinal Cord Injury. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 104:79-91. [PMID: 30218117 PMCID: PMC8349506 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0471-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate mechanisms of bone loss after spinal cord injury (SCI), we evaluated the time-course of cancellous and cortical bone microarchitectural deterioration via microcomputed tomography, measured histomorphometric and circulating bone turnover indices, and characterized the development of whole bone mechanical deficits in a clinically relevant experimental SCI model. 16-weeks-old male Sprague-Dawley rats received T9 laminectomy (SHAM, n = 50) or moderate-severe contusion SCI (n = 52). Outcomes were assessed at 2-weeks, 1-month, 2-months, and 3-months post-surgery. SCI produced immediate sublesional paralysis and persistent hindlimb locomotor impairment. Higher circulating tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (bone resorption marker) and lower osteoblast bone surface and histomorphometric cancellous bone formation indices were present in SCI animals at 2-weeks post-surgery, suggesting uncoupled cancellous bone turnover. Distal femoral and proximal tibial cancellous bone volume, trabecular thickness, and trabecular number were markedly lower after SCI, with the residual cancellous network exhibiting less trabecular connectivity. Periosteal bone formation indices were lower at 2-weeks and 1-month post-SCI, preceding femoral cortical bone loss and the development of bone mechanical deficits at the distal femur and femoral diaphysis. SCI animals also exhibited lower serum testosterone than SHAM, until 2-months post-surgery, and lower serum leptin throughout. Our moderate-severe contusion SCI model displayed rapid cancellous bone deterioration and more gradual cortical bone loss and development of whole bone mechanical deficits, which likely resulted from a temporal uncoupling of bone turnover, similar to the sequalae observed in the motor-complete SCI population. Low testosterone and/or leptin may contribute to the molecular mechanisms underlying bone deterioration after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M Otzel
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, 1601 SW Archer Road, Research 151, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Christine F Conover
- Research Service, Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, 1601 SW Archer Road, Research 151, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Fan Ye
- Research Service, Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, 1601 SW Archer Road, Research 151, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Ean G Phillips
- Research Service, Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, 1601 SW Archer Road, Research 151, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Taylor Bassett
- Research Service, Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, 1601 SW Archer Road, Research 151, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Russell D Wnek
- Research Service, Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, 1601 SW Archer Road, Research 151, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Micah Flores
- Research Service, Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, 1601 SW Archer Road, Research 151, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Andrea Catter
- Research Service, Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, 1601 SW Archer Road, Research 151, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Payal Ghosh
- Research Service, Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, 1601 SW Archer Road, Research 151, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Alexander Balaez
- Research Service, Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, 1601 SW Archer Road, Research 151, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Jason Petusevsky
- Research Service, Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, 1601 SW Archer Road, Research 151, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, PO Box 112727, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Yongxin Gao
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, 32209, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, 1601 SW Archer Road, Research 151, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Jessica M Jiron
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, PO Box 100144, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Prodip K Bose
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, 1601 SW Archer Road, Research 151, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, PO Box 100144, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, HSC PO Box 100236, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Stephen E Borst
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, PO Box 118205, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Thomas J Wronski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, PO Box 100144, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - J Ignacio Aguirre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, PO Box 100144, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Joshua F Yarrow
- Research Service, Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, 1601 SW Archer Road, Research 151, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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Tabatabaei-Malazy O, Norani M, Heshmat R, Qorbani M, Vosoogh A, Afrashteh B, Kahkeshan F, Ajami A, Larijani B. Efficacy and Safety of the Biosimilar Recombinant Human Parathyroid Hormone Cinnopar ® in Postmenopausal Osteoporotic Women: A Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 47:1336-1344. [PMID: 30320008 PMCID: PMC6174042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Due to high cost and burden of osteoporosis, it is reasonable to focus on the reduction of fractures as the main goal of treatment. We compared the efficacy and safety of a new biosimilar recombinant human parathyroid hormone (CinnoPar®, CinnaGen, Iran) to the reference product (Forteo®, Eli Lilly, USA) in a randomized double-blind clinical trial (RCT). Methods: Overall, 104 osteoporotic postmenopausal women aged 45–75 yr were randomized to receive 20 μg daily subcutaneous injections of either Forteo® or CinnoPar® for 6-months from 2011–2012. Bone biomarkers were measured at baseline, and during first, third, and sixth month’s follow-up along with lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) assessment at the baseline and six months after that. The study was registered in Iranian registry of clinical trials under the registration number of IRCT138810121414N5. The endpoints were to compare bone biomarkers, BMD and drug safety between groups. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 11. Results: Age range of ninety-four patients who completed the study was 42–81 yr. Participants were divided into Forteo (45 subjects) and CinnoPar (49 subjects) groups. No significant difference in terms of bone biomarkers or BMD scores was shown between groups (P≥0.05). The most prevalent side effects were hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria without any significant statistical differences between groups. Conclusion: CinnoPar® can be considered as a good alternative therapy for Forteo® in postmenopausal osteoporotic women due to its comparable efficacy and safety properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masumeh Norani
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Vosoogh
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Afrashteh
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzin Kahkeshan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arman Ajami
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bagi CM, Edwards K, Berryman E. Metabolic Syndrome and Bone: Pharmacologically Induced Diabetes has Deleterious Effect on Bone in Growing Obese Rats. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 102:683-694. [PMID: 29196931 PMCID: PMC5956015 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0367-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome and osteoporosis share similar risk factors. Also, patients with diabetes have a higher risk of osteoporosis and fracture. Liver manifestations, such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), of metabolic syndrome are further aggravated in diabetics and often lead to liver failure. Our objective was to create a rat model of human metabolic syndrome and determine the long-term impact of early-onset T1D on bone structure and strength in obese growing rats. Male rats were given either standard chow and RO water (Controls) or a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet and sugar water containing 55% fructose and 45% glucose (HFD). A third group of rats received the HFD diet and a single dose of streptozotocin to induce type 1 diabetes (HFD/Sz). Body weight and glucose tolerance tests were conducted several times during the course of the study. Serum chemistry, liver enzymes, and biomarkers of bone metabolism were evaluated at 10 and 28 weeks. Shear wave elastography and histology were used to assess liver fibrosis. Cancellous bone structure and cortical bone geometry were evaluated by mCT and strength by the 3-point bending method. Body mass and fat accumulation was significantly higher in HFD and HFD/Sz rats compared to Controls. Rats in both the HFD and HFD/Sz groups developed NASH, although the change was more severe in diabetic rats. Although both groups of obese rats had larger bones, their cancellous structure and cortical thickness were reduced, resulting in diminished strength that was further aggravated by diabetes. The HFD and HFD/Sz rats recapitulate MeSy in humans with liver pathology consistent with NASH. Our data provide strong indication that obesity accompanied by type 1 diabetes significantly aggravates comorbidities of MeSy, including the development of osteopenia and weaker bones. The juvenile rat skeleton seems to be more vulnerable to damage imposed by obesity and diabetes and may offer a model to inform the underlying pathology associated with the unusually high fracture rates in obese adults with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedo M Bagi
- Pfizer WRD, Comparative Medicine, Global Science and Technology, 100 Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA.
- Pfizer R&D, Global Science and Technology, 100 Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA.
| | - Kristin Edwards
- Pfizer WRD, Comparative Medicine, Global Science and Technology, 100 Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Edwin Berryman
- Pfizer WRD, Comparative Medicine, Global Science and Technology, 100 Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
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Oral administration of undenatured native chicken type II collagen (UC-II) diminished deterioration of articular cartilage in a rat model of osteoarthritis (OA). Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:2080-2090. [PMID: 28888901 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the ability of undenatured native chicken type II collagen (UC-II) to prevent excessive articular cartilage deterioration in a rat model of osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Twenty male rats were subjected to partial medial meniscectomy tear (PMMT) surgery to induce OA. Immediately after the surgery 10 rats received vehicle and another 10 rats oral daily dose of UC-II at 0.66 mg/kg for a period of 8 weeks. In addition 10 naïve rats were used as an intact control and another 10 rats received sham surgery. Study endpoints included a weight-bearing capacity of front and hind legs, serum biomarkers of bone and cartilage metabolism, analyses of subchondral and cancellous bone at the tibial epiphysis and metaphysis, and cartilage pathology at the medial tibial plateau using histological methods. RESULTS PMMT surgery produced moderate OA at the medial tibial plateau. Specifically, the deterioration of articular cartilage negatively impacted the weight bearing capacity of the operated limb. Immediate treatment with the UC-II preserved the weight-bearing capacity of the injured leg, preserved integrity of the cancellous bone at tibial metaphysis and limited the excessive osteophyte formation and deterioration of articular cartilage. CONCLUSION Study results demonstrate that a clinically relevant daily dose of UC-II when applied immediately after injury can improve the mechanical function of the injured knee and prevent excessive deterioration of articular cartilage.
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Prognostic potential of markers of bone turnover in delayed-healing tibial diaphyseal fractures. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2017; 45:31-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s00068-017-0879-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Colangelo JL. The Validation of Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Assays for Clinical Chemistry Assessments in Animal Models. Toxicol Pathol 2017; 45:977-982. [PMID: 29108484 DOI: 10.1177/0192623317737240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has become a key platform in the clinical pathology laboratory and is being used more frequently for clinical pathology assessments in preclinical species for drug development studies. MS assays are being utilized for some traditional clinical pathology end points as well as novel biomarker analyses. For effective deployment in drug development toxicology studies, assays must be validated for use, and these validations are not very different from other bioanalytical platforms commonly found in the clinical pathology laboratory. Validations for MS assays include accuracy and precision assessments, analyte stability evaluations, carryover determinations, and recovery measures. The MS platform does present some unique challenges that should be considered, including ion suppression and availability of reference standards with MS data. Understanding the caveats of the MS platform is important for thorough validations and effective deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Colangelo
- 1 Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut, USA
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Bagi CM, Berryman E, Zakur DE, Wilkie D, Andresen CJ. Effect of antiresorptive and anabolic bone therapy on development of osteoarthritis in a posttraumatic rat model of OA. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:315. [PMID: 26542671 PMCID: PMC4635572 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0829-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability, but despite the high unmet clinical need and extensive research seeking dependable therapeutic interventions, no proven disease-modifying treatment for OA is currently available. Due to the close interaction and interplay between the articular cartilage and the subchondral bone plate, it has been hypothesized that antiresorptive drugs can also reduce cartilage degradation, inhibit excessive turnover of the subchondral bone plate, prevent osteophyte formation, and/or that bone anabolic drugs might also stimulate cartilage synthesis by chondrocytes and preserve cartilage integrity. The benefit of intensive zoledronate (Zol) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) therapy for bone and cartilage metabolism was evaluated in a rat model of OA. Methods Medial meniscectomy (MM) was used to induce OA in male Lewis rats. Therapy with Zol and human PTH was initiated immediately after surgery. A dynamic weight-bearing (DWB) system was deployed to evaluate the weight-bearing capacity of the front and hind legs. At the end of the 10-week study, the rats were euthanized and the cartilage pathology was evaluated by contrast (Hexabrix)-enhanced μCT imaging and traditional histology. Bone tissue was evaluated at the tibial metaphysis and epiphysis, including the subchondral bone. Histological techniques and dynamic histomorphometry were used to evaluate cartilage morphology and bone mineralization. Results The results of this study highlight the complex changes in bone metabolism in different bone compartments influenced by local factors, including inflammation, pain and mechanical loads. Surgery caused severe and extensive deterioration of the articular cartilage at the medial tibial plateau, as evidenced by contrast-enhanced μCT and histology. The study results showed the negative impact of MM surgery on the weight-bearing capacity of the operated limb, which was not corrected by treatment. Although both Zol and PTH improved subchondral bone mass and Zol reduced serum CTX-II level, both treatments failed to prevent or correct cartilage deterioration, osteophyte formation and mechanical incapacity. Conclusions The various methods utilized in this study showed that aggressive treatment with Zol and PTH did not have the capacity to prevent or correct the deterioration of the hyaline cartilage, thickening of the subchondral bone plate, osteophyte formation or the mechanical incapacity of the osteoarthritic knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedo M Bagi
- Global Science and Technology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 100 Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA.
| | - Edwin Berryman
- Comparative Medicine, Global Science and Technology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 100 Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA.
| | - David E Zakur
- Comparative Medicine, Global Science and Technology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 100 Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA. david.zakur.@pfizer.com
| | - Dean Wilkie
- Investigative Pathology, Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 100 Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA.
| | - Catharine J Andresen
- Comparative Medicine, Global Science and Technology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 100 Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA.
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Bagi CM, Zakur DE, Berryman E, Andresen CJ, Wilkie D. Correlation between μCT imaging, histology and functional capacity of the osteoarthritic knee in the rat model of osteoarthritis. J Transl Med 2015; 13:276. [PMID: 26303725 PMCID: PMC4549091 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0641-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To acquire the most meaningful understanding of human arthritis, it is essential to select the disease model and methodology translatable to human conditions. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate a number of analytic techniques and biomarkers for their ability to accurately gauge bone and cartilage morphology and metabolism in the medial meniscal tear (MMT) model of osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS MMT surgery was performed in rats to induce OA. A dynamic weight bearing system (DWB) system was deployed to evaluate the weight-bearing capacity of the front and hind legs in rats. At the end of a 10-week study cartilage pathology was evaluated by micro computed tomography (μCT), contrast enhanced μCT (EPIC μCT) imaging and traditional histology. Bone tissue was evaluated at the tibial metaphysis and epiphysis, including the subchondral bone. Histological techniques and dynamic histomorphometry were used to evaluate cartilage morphology and bone mineralization. RESULTS The study results showed a negative impact of MMT surgery on the weight-bearing capacity of the operated limb. Surgery caused severe and extensive deterioration of the articular cartilage at the medial tibial plateau, as evidenced by elevated CTX-II in serum, EPIC μCT and histology. Bone analysis by μCT showed thickening of the subchondral bone beneath the damaged cartilage, loss of cancellous bone at the metaphysis and active osteophyte formation. CONCLUSIONS The study emphasizes the need for using various methodologies that complement each other to provide a comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology of OA at the organ, tissue and cellular levels. Results from this study suggest that use of histology, μCT and EPIC μCT, and functional DWB tests provide powerful combination to fully assess the key aspects of OA and enhance data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedo M Bagi
- Pfizer Global Research & Development, Global Science & Technology, 100 Eastern Point Road MS 8274-1359, Groton, CT, 06340, USA.
| | - David E Zakur
- Pfizer Global Research & Development, Global Science & Technology, 100 Eastern Point Road MS 8274-1359, Groton, CT, 06340, USA.
| | - Edwin Berryman
- Pfizer Global Research & Development, Global Science & Technology, 100 Eastern Point Road MS 8274-1359, Groton, CT, 06340, USA.
| | - Catharine J Andresen
- Pfizer Global Research & Development, Global Science & Technology, 100 Eastern Point Road MS 8274-1359, Groton, CT, 06340, USA.
| | - Dean Wilkie
- Pfizer Global Research & Development, Global Science & Technology, 100 Eastern Point Road MS 8274-1359, Groton, CT, 06340, USA.
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Gooi JH, Chia LY, Walsh NC, Karsdal MA, Quinn JMW, Martin TJ, Sims NA. Decline in calcitonin receptor expression in osteocytes with age. J Endocrinol 2014; 221:181-91. [PMID: 24516262 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that co-administration of the transient osteoclast inhibitor, salmon calcitonin (sCT), blunts the anabolic effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in young rats and increases osteocytic expression of the bone formation inhibitor sclerostin (Sost). To determine whether this also occurs in adult animals, we co-administered sCT with PTH to 6-month-old sham-operated (SHAM) and ovariectomised (OVX) rats. While sCT reduced the stimulatory effect of PTH on serum amino-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen levels, in contrast to its influence in young rats, sCT did not reduce the anabolic effect of PTH on femoral bone mineral density, tibial trabecular bone volume or bone formation rate in 6-month-old SHAM or OVX rats. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of femoral metaphyses collected 1 and 4 h after a single PTH injection confirmed a significant increase in mRNA levels for interleukin 6 (Il6) and ephrinB2 (EfnB2), and a significant reduction in Sost and dentin matrix protein-1 (Dmp1) in response to PTH. However, in contrast to observations in young rats, these effects were not modified by co-administration of sCT, nor did sCT significantly modify Sost, Dmp1, or matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (Mepe) mRNA levels. Furthermore, while CT receptor (CTR) mRNA (Calcr) was readily detected in GFP+ osteocytes isolated from young (3-week-old) DMP1-GFP mice, Calcr levels in osteocytes declined as mice aged, reaching levels that were undetectable in long bone at 49 weeks of age. These data indicate that osteocyte-mediated responses to CT are most likely to be of physiological relevance in young rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Gooi
- St Vincent's Institute, and Department of Medicine, at St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, 9 Princes Street, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia Nordic Bioscience Inc., Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
High-resolution MS (HRMS) in conjunction with LC (LC–HRMS) has become available to many laboratories in the pharmaceutical industry. Due to its enhanced, though sometime perceived, specificity using the high-resolution power and its capability of simultaneous quantitation and structural elucidation using the post-acquisition data mining feature, utilization of LC–HRMS for bioanalysis could lead to potential rapid and reliable method development as well as sample analysis, thus generating both cost and resource savings. Here, we would like to share our perspectives about several current and future applications of LC–HRMS in bioanalysis. We will also discuss the factors influencing the quality of method establishment and potential pitfalls that need to be considered for the utilization of LC–HRMS in the field of regulated bioanalysis. We believe when utilized appropriately, LC–HRMS will play a significant role in the future landscape of quantitative bioanalysis.
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Protein target quantification decision tree. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS 2013; 2013:701247. [PMID: 23401774 PMCID: PMC3562589 DOI: 10.1155/2013/701247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The utility of mass spectrometry-(MS-) based proteomic platforms and their clinical applications have become an emerging field in proteomics in recent years. Owing to its selectivity and sensitivity, MS has become a key technological platform in proteomic research. Using this platform, a large number of potential biomarker candidates for specific diseases have been reported. However, due to lack of validation, none has been approved for use in clinical settings by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Successful candidate verification and validation will facilitate the development of potential biomarkers, leading to better strategies for disease diagnostics, prognostics, and treatment. With the recent new developments in mass spectrometers, high sensitivity, high resolution, and high mass accuracy can be achieved. This greatly enhances the capabilities of protein biomarker validation. In this paper, we describe and discuss recent developments and applications of targeted proteomics methods for biomarker validation.
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Quantification of p-cresol sulphate in human plasma by selected reaction monitoring. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:2097-104. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6277-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Large molecule bioanalysis using Q-TOF without predigestion and its data processing challenges. Bioanalysis 2012; 4:529-40. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.12.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent developments in LC–MS have turned it into a viable and valid alternative to ligand-binding assays. Large molecule bioanalysis by LC–MS is generally performed by tryptic digestion, purification and detection of one or more small signature peptides. High-resolution MS instruments offer quantification of intact small proteins or peptides and are able to increase the selectivity, while maintaining sensitivity. Results: Unlike multiple reaction monitoring assays, several factors affecting data processing were presented and the optimal parameters to consider during quantification method building were also demonstrated. MUC5AC-13 (MW 1709.8 Da), human hepcidin/LEAP-1 (MW 2797.4 Da), porcine calcitonin (MW 3604 Da) and chicken lysozyme (MW 14.3 kDa) were selected as model compounds and the possibility of intact peptide and small protein quantification, without tryptic digestion, was demonstrated. Conclusion: Selectivity and sensitivity were improved using different scan modes, such as TOF-MS and TOF-MS/MS.
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Abstract
Peptides and proteins have been utilized as therapeutic agents for over 40 years. Traditional approaches to quantify these molecules in biological matrices have utilized immunoassay approaches that can be time inefficient, lack assay specificity and have limited analytical ranges. The advances in sample preparation technologies, chromatographic systems and their chemistries, mass spectrometers and their software over the last decade have meant that LC–MS/MS approaches to peptide and protein quantification are feasible and can overcome the problems associated with quantification by immunoassay. In this article we present an overview of the challenges and approaches to overcome them when performing quantitative bioanalysis of peptides and proteins by LC–MS/MS.
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Coulibaly MO, Sietsema DL, Burgers TA, Mason J, Williams BO, Jones CB. Recent advances in the use of serological bone formation markers to monitor callus development and fracture healing. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2011; 20:105-27. [PMID: 21133841 DOI: 10.1615/critreveukargeneexpr.v20.i2.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The failure of an osseous fracture to heal, or the development of a nonunion, is common; however, current diagnostic measures lack the capability of early and reliable detection of such events. Analyses of radiographic imaging and clinical examination, in combination, remain the gold standard for diagnosis; however, these methods are not reliable for early detection. Delayed diagnosis of a nonunion is costly from both the patient and treatment standpoints. In response, repeated efforts have been made to identify bone metabolic markers as diagnostic or prognostic tools for monitoring bone healing. Thus far, the evidence regarding a correlation between the kinetics of most bone metabolic markers and nonunion is very limited. With the aim of classifying the role of biological pathways of bone metabolism and of understanding bone conditions in the development of osteoporosis, advances have been made in our knowledge of the molecular basis of bone remodeling, fracture healing, and its failure. Procollagen type I amino-terminal propeptide has been shown to be a reliable bone formation marker in osteoporosis therapy and its kinetics during fracture healing has been recently described. In this article, we suggest that procollagen type I amino-terminal propeptide presents a good opportunity for early detection of nonunion. We also review the role and potential of serum PINP, as well as other markers, as indications of fracture healing.
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Gooi JH, Pompolo S, Karsdal MA, Kulkarni NH, Kalajzic I, McAhren SHM, Han B, Onyia JE, Ho PWM, Gillespie MT, Walsh NC, Chia LY, Quinn JMW, Martin TJ, Sims NA. Calcitonin impairs the anabolic effect of PTH in young rats and stimulates expression of sclerostin by osteocytes. Bone 2010; 46:1486-97. [PMID: 20188226 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Revised: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic goal of increasing bone mass by co-treatment of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and an osteoclast inhibitor has been complicated by the undefined contribution of osteoclasts to the anabolic activity of PTH. To determine whether active osteoclasts are required at the time of PTH administration, we administered a low dose of the transient osteoclast inhibitor salmon calcitonin (sCT) to young rats receiving an anabolic PTH regimen. Co-administration of sCT significantly blunted the anabolic effect of PTH as measured by peripheral quantitative computer tomography (pQCT) and histomorphometry in the femur and tibia, respectively. To determine gene targets of sCT, we carried out quantitative real time PCR and microarray analysis of metaphyseal samples 1.5, 4 and 6.5h after administration of a single injection of PTH, sCT or PTH+sCT. Known targets of PTH action, IL-6, ephrinB2 and RANKL, were not modified by co-administration with sCT. Surprisingly, at all time points, we noted a significant upregulation of sclerostin mRNA by sCT treatment, as well as down-regulation of two other osteocyte gene products, MEPE and DMP1. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that sCT administration increased the percentage of osteocytes expressing sclerostin, suggesting a mechanism by which sCT reduced the anabolic effect of PTH. Neither mRNA for CT receptor (Calcr) nor labeled CT binding could be detected in sclerostin-enriched cells differentiated from primary calvarial osteoblasts. In contrast, osteocytes freshly isolated from calvariae expressed a high level of Calcr mRNA. Furthermore immunohistochemistry revealed co-localization of CT receptor (CTR) and sclerostin in some osteocytes in calvarial sections. Taken together these data indicate that co-treatment with sCT can blunt the anabolic effect of PTH and this may involve direct stimulation of sclerostin production by osteocytes. These data directly implicate calcitonin as a negative regulator of bone formation through a previously unsuspected mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Gooi
- Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, St. Vincent's Institute and University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, 3065, Australia
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Proteomics in clinical chemistry: will it be long? Trends Biotechnol 2010; 28:225-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Dzieciatkowska M, Copeland M, You J, Wery JP, Wang M. Comparison of an Enzyme Immunoassay versus Mass Spectrometry-based Assay for the Quantitative Determination of the Procollagen Type I N-terminal Propeptide in Rat Serum. PROTEOMICS INSIGHTS 2009. [DOI: 10.4137/pri.s3454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, antibody-based assays, such as enzyme immunoassay (EIA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA), are the primary tool for the targeted quantification of a specific protein. An antibody-based assay can be run at high-throughput and has extraordinary sensitivity and specificity. In the cases where antibody-based assays exist, the process of validating biomarker candidates can be relatively straightforward. However, the antibody-based approach is limited by the lack of availability of antibodies with high specificity. The development of a high quality antibody-based assays can be costly, time-consuming and a resource-intensive effort. Another disadvantage of antibody-based assays is that they often do not discriminate closely related isoforms. While the antibody development is central to the success of antibody-based platform, mass spectrometry (MS) provides alternative and complementary approach to existing antibody-based assays. The MS-based assays are becoming very popular for quantitative candidates proteins detection in a complex biological mixture. In the present paper, an in-house developed mass spectrometry (MS)-based assay was compared to a commercially available EIA in reproducibility, measurement accuracy, and dynamic range using rat procollagen type-I N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) as a model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Dzieciatkowska
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | | | - Jinsam You
- Monarch Life Sciences, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | | | - Mu Wang
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Monarch Life Sciences, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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Komatsu DE, Brune KA, Liu H, Schmidt AL, Han B, Zeng QQ, Yang X, Nunes JS, Lu Y, Geiser AG, Ma YL, Wolos JA, Westmore MS, Sato M. Longitudinal in vivo analysis of the region-specific efficacy of parathyroid hormone in a rat cortical defect model. Endocrinology 2009; 150:1570-9. [PMID: 19022894 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-0814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PTH has been shown to enhance fracture repair; however, exactly when and where PTH acts in this process remains to be elucidated. Therefore, we conducted a longitudinal, region-specific analysis of bone regeneration in mature, osteopenic rats using a cortical defect model. Six-month-old rats were ovariectomized, and allowed to lose bone for 2 months, before being subjected to bilateral 2-mm circular defects in their femoral diaphyses. They were then treated for 5 wk with hPTH1-38 at doses of 0, 3, 10, or 30 microg/kg . d and scanned weekly by in vivo quantitative computed tomography. Quantitative computed tomography analyses showed temporal, dose-dependent increases in mineralization in the defects, intramedullary (IM) spaces, and whole diaphyses at the defect sites. Histomorphometry confirmed PTH stimulation of primarily woven bone in the defects and IM spaces, but not the periosteum. After necropsy, biomechanical testing identified an increase in strength at the highest PTH dose. Serum procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide concentration showed a transient increase due to drilling, but procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide also increased with PTH treatment, whereas tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase unexpectedly decreased. Analyses of lumber vertebra confirmed systemic efficacy of PTH at a nonfracture site. In summary, PTH dose dependently induced new bone formation within defects, at endocortical surfaces, and in IM spaces, resulting in faster and greater bone healing, as well as efficacy at other skeletal sites. The effects of PTH were kinetic, region specific, and most apparent at high doses that may not be entirely clinically relevant; therefore, clinical studies are necessary to clarify the therapeutic utility of PTH in bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Komatsu
- InMotion Musculoskeletal Institute, Memphis, Tennessee 38103, USA.
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Han B, Higgs RE. Proteomics: from hypothesis to quantitative assay on a single platform. Guidelines for developing MRM assays using ion trap mass spectrometers. BRIEFINGS IN FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS AND PROTEOMICS 2008; 7:340-54. [PMID: 18579614 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/eln032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput HPLC-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) is routinely used to profile biological samples for potential protein markers of disease, drug efficacy and toxicity. The discovery technology has advanced to the point where translating hypotheses from proteomic profiling studies into clinical use is the bottleneck to realizing the full potential of these approaches. The first step in this translation is the development and analytical validation of a higher throughput assay with improved sensitivity and selectivity relative to typical profiling assays. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) assays are an attractive approach for this stage of biomarker development given their improved sensitivity and specificity, the speed at which the assays can be developed and the quantitative nature of the assay. While the profiling assays are performed with ion trap mass spectrometers, MRM assays are traditionally developed in quadrupole-based mass spectrometers. Development of MRM assays from the same instrument used in the profiling analysis enables a seamless and rapid transition from hypothesis generation to validation. This report provides guidelines for rapidly developing an MRM assay using the same mass spectrometry platform used for profiling experiments (typically ion traps) and reviews methodological and analytical validation considerations. The analytical validation guidelines presented are drawn from existing practices on immunological assays and are applicable to any mass spectrometry platform technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bomie Han
- Lilly Corporate Center, Drop Code GL54, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
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Nelson AE, Ho KK. A robust test for growth hormone doping – present status and future prospects. Asian J Androl 2008; 10:416-25. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7262.2008.00395.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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