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Lam TYW, Nguyen N, Peh HY, Shanmugasundaram M, Chandna R, Tee JH, Ong CB, Hossain MZ, Venugopal S, Zhang T, Xu S, Qiu T, Kong WT, Chakarov S, Srivastava S, Liao W, Kim JS, Teh M, Ginhoux F, Fred Wong WS, Ge R. ISM1 protects lung homeostasis via cell-surface GRP78-mediated alveolar macrophage apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2019161119. [PMID: 35046017 PMCID: PMC8794848 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2019161119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are critical for lung immune defense and homeostasis. They are orchestrators of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with their number significantly increased and functions altered in COPD. However, it is unclear how AM number and function are controlled in a healthy lung and if changes in AMs without environmental assault are sufficient to trigger lung inflammation and COPD. We report here that absence of isthmin 1 (ISM1) in mice (Ism1-/- ) leads to increase in both AM number and functional heterogeneity, with enduring lung inflammation, progressive emphysema, and significant lung function decline, phenotypes similar to human COPD. We reveal that ISM1 is a lung resident anti-inflammatory protein that selectively triggers the apoptosis of AMs that harbor high levels of its receptor cell-surface GRP78 (csGRP78). csGRP78 is present at a heterogeneous level in the AMs of a healthy lung, but csGRP78high AMs are expanded in Ism1-/- mice, cigarette smoke (CS)-induced COPD mice, and human COPD lung, making these cells the prime targets of ISM1-mediated apoptosis. We show that csGRP78high AMs mostly express MMP-12, hence proinflammatory. Intratracheal delivery of recombinant ISM1 (rISM1) depleted csGRP78high AMs in both Ism1-/- and CS-induced COPD mice, blocked emphysema development, and preserved lung function. Consistently, ISM1 expression in human lungs positively correlates with AM apoptosis, suggesting similar function of ISM1-csGRP78 in human lungs. Our findings reveal that AM apoptosis regulation is an important physiological mechanism for maintaining lung homeostasis and demonstrate the potential of pulmonary-delivered rISM1 to target csGRP78 as a therapeutic strategy for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence Y W Lam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ngan Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hong Yong Peh
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Mahalakshmi Shanmugasundaram
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ritu Chandna
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jong Huat Tee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Chee Bing Ong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Md Zakir Hossain
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Shruthi Venugopal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Simin Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Tao Qiu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Wan Ting Kong
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Svetoslav Chakarov
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Supriya Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Wupeng Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Ming Teh
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - W S Fred Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Immunology Program, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Singapore-Hebrew University of Jerusalem Alliance for Research and Enterprise, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Ruowen Ge
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore;
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Lan Y, Zeng X, Xiao J, Hu L, Tan L, Liang M, Wang X, Lu S, Long F, Peng T. New advances in quantitative proteomics research and current applications in asthma. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:1045-1057. [PMID: 34890515 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.2017777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease and has been declared a global public health problem by the World Health Organization. Due to the high heterogeneity and complexity, asthma can be classified into different 'phenotypes' and it is still difficult to assess the phenotypes and stages of asthma by traditional methods. In recent years, mass spectrometry-based proteomics studies have made significant progress in sensitivity and accuracy of protein identification and quantitation, and are able to obtain differences in protein expression across samples, which provides new insights into the mechanisms and classification of asthma. AREAS COVERED In this article, we summarize research strategies in quantitative proteomics, including labeled, label-free and targeted quantification, and highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each. In addition, new applications of quantitative proteomics and the current status of research in asthma have also been discussed. In this study, online resources such as PubMed and Google Scholar were used for literature retrieval. EXPERT OPINION The application of quantitative proteomics in asthma has an important role in identifying asthma subphenotypes, revealing potential pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. But the proteomic studies on asthma are not sufficient, as most of them are in the phase of biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Lan
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Basic-Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyin Zeng
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Basic-Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Basic-Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longbo Hu
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Basic-Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Long Tan
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Basic-Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengdi Liang
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Basic-Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xufei Wang
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Basic-Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Lu
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Basic-Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Long
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Basic-Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Basic-Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong South China Vaccine Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, China
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Jana B, Kaczmarek MM, Romaniewicz M, Brzozowska M. Profile for mRNA transcript abundances in the pig endometrium where inflammation was induced by Escherichia coli. Anim Reprod Sci 2021; 232:106824. [PMID: 34403834 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Uterine inflammation is a common reproductive disorder in domestic animals, leading to disturbances in many reproductive processes and economic losses. More information on inflammatory pathways, however, is needed to understand mechanisms of uterine inflammation. The aim of the study was to investigate transcriptomic profiles of the pig endometrium affected by inflammation. On day 3 of the estrous cycle (day 0 = initial day of study), saline or Escherichia coli suspension were injected into uterine horns. In endometrial tissues collected 8 days later, microarray analysis results indicated there were 189 differentially abundant mRNA transcripts (DEGs, 95 in relatively greater and 94 in lesser abundance) after saline injections compared with samples where there was severe acute inflammation. Relative abundance of mRNA transcripts for proteins assigned to inflammatory response, movement of phagocytes, quantity of phagocytes, leukocyte migration and adhesion of immune cells and many other functions related to inflammation were different in the Escherichia coli-treated endometrium than in samples from gilts treated with saline. Among others, S100A9, SLC11A1, CCL15, CCL3L3, CCR1, CD48, CD163, THBS1, KIT, ITGB3, JAK3 and NFKB2 mRNA transcripts were in relatively greater abundance and there were those in relatively lesser abundance including IL24, FGG, SST, CXCL16 and CREB. In this study, for the first time, there was detection of alterations in the transcriptome of the inflamed pig endometrium which may be an important finding for maintaining uterine homeostasis and functions. Results form the basis for future studies focusing on regulation of uterine inflammation in animals and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Jana
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Monika M Kaczmarek
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marta Romaniewicz
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marta Brzozowska
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
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Role of Short Chain Fatty Acids and Apolipoproteins in the Regulation of Eosinophilia-Associated Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094377. [PMID: 33922158 PMCID: PMC8122716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are key components of our host defense and potent effectors in allergic and inflammatory diseases. Once recruited to the inflammatory site, eosinophils release their cytotoxic granule proteins as well as cytokines and lipid mediators, contributing to parasite clearance but also to exacerbation of inflammation and tissue damage. However, eosinophils have recently been shown to play an important homeostatic role in different tissues under steady state. Despite the tremendous progress in the treatment of eosinophilic disorders with the implementation of biologics, there is an unmet need for novel therapies that specifically target the cytotoxic effector functions of eosinophils without completely depleting this multifunctional immune cell type. Recent studies have uncovered several endogenous molecules that decrease eosinophil migration and activation. These include short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as butyrate, which are produced in large quantities in the gastrointestinal tract by commensal bacteria and enter the systemic circulation. In addition, high-density lipoprotein-associated anti-inflammatory apolipoproteins have recently been shown to attenuate eosinophil migration and activation. Here, we focus on the anti-pathogenic properties of SCFAs and apolipoproteins on eosinophil effector function and provide insights into the potential use of SCFAs and apolipoproteins (and their mimetics) as effective agents to combat eosinophilic inflammation.
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Su XM, Ren Y, Li ML, Bai SY, Yu N, Kong LF, Kang J. Proteomics profiling asthma induced-lysine acetylation. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:734-744. [PMID: 32636726 PMCID: PMC7332788 DOI: 10.17179/excli2019-1508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that has been extensively studied for many years. However, finding a complete cure remains a significant challenge. Protein acetylation, especially histone acetylation, plays a significant role in the anti-asthma process. Histone deacetylation inhibitors (HDACi) have been shown to have a curative effect on asthma in clinical practice. An asthmatic mouse model was created by ovalbumin induction. Proteome and acetylproteome analysis were performed on lung tissues. HDACi were tested in the asthmatic mice. A total of 5346 proteins and 581 acetylation sites were identified, among which 154 proteins and 68 acetylation peptides were significantly altered by asthma. Many activated and deactivated processes, pathways, and protein groups were identified through bioinformatics analysis. Sequence motif preference analysis gave rise to a novel Kac-related core histone region, -KAXXK-, which was postulated as a key regulatory unit of histone acetylation. Asthma involves a variety of proteome dynamics and is controlled by protein lysine acetylation through the core motif -KAXXK-. These findings provide novel avenues to target and treat asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ming Su
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Yuan Ren
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Meng-Lu Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Shi-Yao Bai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Na Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Ling-Fei Kong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
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Zhang C, Abudula A, Awuti M, Wang H, Aihemaiti X, Tusung T, Sulaiman X, Upur H. Plasma proteins as potential targets of abnormal Savda syndrome in asthma patients treated with unique Uighur prescription. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:267-275. [PMID: 28672924 PMCID: PMC5488641 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic effect of Uighur prescription on abnormal Savda in asthma patients was evaluated using plasma proteomics in order to elucidate the biological mechanism and identify potential therapeutic targets of abnormal Savda. In the present study, 40 asthma patients with abnormal Savda including abnormal Savda Munziq and Savda Mushil were enrolled and treated with Uighur prescription. The effect of Uighur prescription on protein expression and potential targets was investigated by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomics and bioinformatics analysis. Expression of candidate proteins was verified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Following treatment with the Uighur prescription, 22 proteins were differentially expressed in the plasma of patients with asthma and abnormal Savda. The majority of these proteins were localized in intermediate filaments and the cytoskeleton and acted as antioxidant enzymes and binding proteins. Furthermore, they participated in the defense and inflammatory response, and the response to oxidative stress and wound healing. Peroxiredoxin 2 and carboxypeptidase B2 expression was significantly upregulated, whereas S100A7 was considerably downregulated in the whole plasma of patients (all P<0.05) in accordance with the iTRAQ proteomics data. Uighur prescription of abnormal Savda may affect the whole regulatory network of protein expression that is altered following the development of abnormal Savda in patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canhua Zhang
- School of Uyghur Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Abulizi Abudula
- Key Laboratory of High-Incident Diseases in Uyghur Ethnic Population Supported by The Chinese Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Maliyegu Awuti
- Department of Respiratory Pneumology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Huiwu Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Function, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Xiaimuxikamaier Aihemaiti
- Department of Respiratory Pneumology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Turghun Tusung
- School of Uyghur Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | | | - Halmurat Upur
- Key Laboratory of High-Incident Diseases in Uyghur Ethnic Population Supported by The Chinese Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
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Haenen S, Clynen E, Nemery B, Hoet PH, Vanoirbeek JA. Biomarker discovery in asthma and COPD: Application of proteomics techniques in human and mice. EUPA OPEN PROTEOMICS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euprot.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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De Bock M, Beguin Y, Leprince P, Willems E, Baron F, Deroyer C, Seidel L, Cavalier E, de Seny D, Malaise M, Gothot A, Merville MP, Fillet M. Comprehensive plasma profiling for the characterization of graft-versus-host disease biomarkers. Talanta 2014; 125:265-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Wiktorowicz JE, Jamaluddin M. Proteomic analysis of the asthmatic airway. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 795:221-32. [PMID: 24162912 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8603-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Proteomic investigations in general utilize varied technologies for sample preparation, separations, quantification, protein identification, and biological rationalization. Their applications range from pure discovery and mechanistic studies to biomarker discovery/verification/validation. In each specific case, the analytical strategy to be implemented is tailored to the type of sample that serves as the target of the investigations. Proteomic investigations take into consideration sample complexity, the cellular heterogeneity (particularly from tissues), the potential dynamic range of the protein and peptide abundance within the sample, the likelihood of posttranslational modifications (PTM), and other important factors that might influence the final output of the study. We describe the sample types typically used for proteomic investigations into the biology of asthma and review the most recent related publications with special attention to those that deal with the unique airway samples such as bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF), epithelial lining fluid and cells (ELF), induced sputum (IS), and exhaled breath condensate (EBC). Finally, we describe the newest proteomics approaches to sample preparation of the unique airway samples, BALF and IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Wiktorowicz
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 2.208A Basic Science Bldg, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555-0635, USA,
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Abstract
The emergence of RNAi offers a potentially exciting new therapeutic paradigm for respiratory diseases. However, effective delivery remains a key requirement for their translation into the clinic and has been a major factor in the limited clinical success seen to date. Inhalation offers tissue-specific targeting of the RNAi to treat respiratory diseases and a diminished risk of off-target effects. In order to deliver RNAi directly to the respiratory tract via inhalation, ‘smart’ non-viral carriers are required to protect the RNAi during delivery/aerosolization and enhance cell-specific uptake to target cells. Here, we review the state-of-the-art in therapeutic aerosol bioengineering, and specifically non-viral siRNA delivery platforms, for delivery via inhalation. This includes developments in inhaler device engineering and particle engineering, including manufacturing methods and excipients used in therapeutic aerosol bioengineering that underpin the development of smart, cell type-specific delivery systems to target siRNA to respiratory epithelial cells and/or alveolar macrophages.
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Haenen S, Clynen E, De Vooght V, Schoofs L, Nemery B, Hoet PHM, Vanoirbeek JAJ. Proteome changes in auricular lymph nodes and serum after dermal sensitization to toluene diisocyanate in mice. Proteomics 2012; 12:3548-58. [PMID: 23038679 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Some reactive chemicals, such as diisocyanates, are capable of initiating an allergic response, which can lead to occupational asthma after a latency period. Clinical symptoms such as cough, wheezing, and dyspnea occur only late, making it difficult to intervene at an early stage. So far, most studies using proteomics in lung research have focused on comparisons of healthy versus diseased subjects. Here, using 2D-DIGE, we explored proteome changes in the local draining lymph nodes and serum of mice dermally sensitized once or twice with toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) before asthma is induced. In the lymph nodes, we found 38 and 58 differentially expressed proteins after one and two treatments, respectively, between TDI-treated and vehicle-treated mice. In serum, seven and 16 differentially expressed proteins were detected after one and two treatments, respectively. We identified 80-85% of the differentially expressed proteins by MS. Among them, lymphocyte-specific protein-1, coronin 1a, and hemopexin were verified by Western blotting or ELISA in an independent group of mice. This study revealed alterations in the proteomes early during sensitization in a mouse model before the onset of chemical-induced asthma. If validated in humans, these changes could lead to earlier diagnosis of TDI-exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Haenen
- Occupational, Environmental and Insurance Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Li Z, Li Z. Glucose regulated protein 78: a critical link between tumor microenvironment and cancer hallmarks. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2012; 1826:13-22. [PMID: 22426159 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) has long been recognized as a molecular chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and can be induced by the ER stress response. Besides its location in the ER, GRP78 has been found to be present in cell plasma membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, nucleus as well as cellular secretions. GRP78 is implicated in tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis resistance, immune escape, metastasis and angiogenesis, and its elevated expression usually correlates with a variety of tumor microenvironmental stresses, including hypoxia, glucose deprivation, lactic acidosis and inflammatory response. GRP78 protein acts as a centrally located sensor of stress, which feels and adapts to the alteration in the tumor microenvironment. This article reviews the potential contributions of GRP78 to the acquisition of cancer hallmarks based on intervening in stress responses caused by tumor niche alterations. The paper also introduces several potential GRP78 relevant targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongwei Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Education Ministry, Shanxi University, 030006 Taiyuan, PR China
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