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Soltanpour S, Tarinejad A, Hasanpur K, Majidi M. A meta-analysis of microarray data revealed hub genes and transcription factors involved in drought stress response in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:898-916. [PMID: 35798354 DOI: 10.1071/fp22028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although there are various studies attempted to clarify the genetic mechanism of plant response to drought stress that reduces crop yield, a meta-analysis can integrate the results of them to provide a better picture of the issue. Therefore, in this study, several microarray datasets of rice were meta-analysed under drought stress and normal condition using the R packages. Accordingly, differentially expressed genes (meta-DEGs) were identified. The results showed 643 and 677 upregulated and downregulated genes, respectively. The significant common Gene Ontology (GO) terms between the up- and downregulated genes were responses to abiotic stimulus , water deprivation , oxygen-containing compound and abscisic acid . The transcription factors (TF) survey showed that bHLH under drought stress activates up genes 42% more than down genes while bzip Homeodomain activates down genes 54% more than up genes. The hub downregulated genes obtained from this study were mainly related to photosynthesis and the hub upregulated genes were mainly related to stress tolerance which include heat shock proteins (HSPs), late embryogenesis abundant (LEAs), calmodulin-like protein (CML), phosphatase 2C (PP2Cs) and IAA genes. Moreover, this meta-analysis data were compared with other experimental data and the results confirmed the up and down expression of them. Our findings can provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism of rice (Oryza sativa L.) response to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Soltanpour
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - AliReza Tarinejad
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Karim Hasanpur
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Majidi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Kong H, Xia W, Hou M, Ruan N, Li J, Zhu J. Cloning and function analysis of a Saussurea involucrata LEA4 gene. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:957133. [PMID: 35928707 PMCID: PMC9343949 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.957133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Late embryogenesis abundant proteins (LEA) help adapt to adverse low-temperature environments. The Saussurea involucrate SiLEA4, which encodes a membrane protein, was significantly up-regulated in response to low temperature stress. Escherichia coli expressing SiLEA4 showed enhanced low-temperature tolerance, as evident from the significantly higher survival numbers and growth rates at low temperatures. Moreover, tomato strains expressing SiLEA4 had significantly greater freezing resistance, due to a significant increase in the antioxidase activities and proline content. Furthermore, they had higher yields due to higher water utilization and photosynthetic efficiency under the same water and fertilizer conditions. Thus, expressing SiLEA4 has multiple advantages: (1) mitigating chilling injury, (2) increasing yields, and (3) water-saving, which also indicates the great potential of the SiLEA4 for breeding applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Kong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Wenwen Xia
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Mengjuan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Nan Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jin Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jianbo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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Huang Z, Zhu P, Zhong X, Qiu J, Xu W, Song L. Transcriptome Analysis of Moso Bamboo ( Phyllostachys edulis) Reveals Candidate Genes Involved in Response to Dehydration and Cold Stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:960302. [PMID: 35928710 PMCID: PMC9343960 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.960302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bamboo (Bambusoideae) belongs to the grass family (Poaceae) and has been utilized as one of the most important nontimber forest resources in the world. Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) is a large woody bamboo with high ecological and economic values. Global climate change brings potential challenges to the normal growth of moso bamboo, and hence its production. Despite the release of moso bamboo genome sequence, the knowledge on genome-wide responses to abiotic stress is still limited. In this study, we generated a transcriptome data set with respect to dehydration and cold responses of moso bamboo using RNA-seq technology. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under treatments of dehydration and cold stresses were identified. By combining comprehensive gene ontology (GO) analysis, time-series analysis, and co-expression analysis, candidate genes involved in dehydration and cold responses were identified, which encode abscisic acid (ABA)/water deficit stress (WDS)-induced protein, late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) protein, 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED), anti-oxidation enzymes, transcription factors, etc. Additionally, we used PeLEA14, a dehydration-induced gene encoding an "atypical" LEA protein, as an example to validate the function of the identified stress-related gene in tolerance to abiotic stresses, such as drought and salt. In this study, we provided a valuable genomic resource for future excavation of key genes involved in abiotic stress responses and genetic improvement of moso bamboo to meet the requirement for environmental resilience and sustainable production.
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Yang L, Bu S, Zhao S, Wang N, Xiao J, He F, Gao X. Transcriptome and physiological analysis of increase in drought stress tolerance by melatonin in tomato. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267594. [PMID: 35580092 PMCID: PMC9113596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought stress seriously affects tomato growth, yield and quality. Previous reports have pointed out that melatonin (MT) can alleviate drought stress damage to tomato. To better understand the possible physiological and molecular mechanisms, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and leaf transcriptome profiles were analyzed in the "Micro Tom" tomato cultivar with or without melatonin irrigation under normal and drought conditions. Polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000) simulated continuous drought treatment reduced plant height, but melatonin treatment improved plant growth rate. Physiological parameter measurements revealed that the drought-induced decreases in maximum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry, the effective quantum yield of PSII, electron transfer rate, and photochemical quenching value caused by PEG6000 treatment were alleviated by melatonin treatment, which suggests a protective effect of melatonin on PSII. Comparative transcriptome analysis identified 447, 3982, 4526 and 3258 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the comparative groups plus-melatonin vs. minus-melatonin (no drought), drought vs. no drought (minus-melatonin), drought vs. no drought (melatonin) and plus-melatonin vs. minus-melatonin (drought), respectively. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that DEGs in the four comparative groups were involved in multiple metabolic processes and closely related to hormone signal transduction and transcription factors. Transcriptome data revealed that melatonin changed the expression pattern of most hormone signal transduction related DEGs induced by drought, and improved plant drought resistance by down-regulating the expression of linoleic acid catabolic enzyme genes. These results provide new insights into a probable mechanism of the melatonin-induced protection of photosynthesis and enhancement of drought tolerance in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China,* E-mail: (LY); (XU)
| | - Sijia Bu
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengxue Zhao
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Xiao
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Gao
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China,* E-mail: (LY); (XU)
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Huang R, Xiao D, Wang X, Zhan J, Wang A, He L. Genome-wide identification, evolutionary and expression analyses of LEA gene family in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:155. [PMID: 35354373 PMCID: PMC8966313 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are a group of highly hydrophilic glycine-rich proteins, which accumulate in the late stage of seed maturation and are associated with many abiotic stresses. However, few peanut LEA genes had been reported, and the research on the number, location, structure, molecular phylogeny and expression of AhLEAs was very limited. RESULTS In this study, 126 LEA genes were identified in the peanut genome through genome-wide analysis and were further divided into eight groups. Sequence analysis showed that most of the AhLEAs (85.7%) had no or only one intron. LEA genes were randomly distributed on 20 chromosomes. Compared with tandem duplication, segmental duplication played a more critical role in AhLEAs amplication, and 93 segmental duplication AhLEAs and 5 pairs of tandem duplication genes were identified. Synteny analysis showed that some AhLEAs genes come from a common ancestor, and genome rearrangement and translocation occurred among these genomes. Almost all promoters of LEAs contain ABRE, MYB recognition sites, MYC recognition sites, and ERE cis-acting elements, suggesting that the LEA genes were involved in stress response. Gene transcription analyses revealed that most of the LEAs were expressed in the late stages of peanut embryonic development. LEA3 (AH16G06810.1, AH06G03960.1), and Dehydrin (AH07G18700.1, AH17G19710.1) were highly expressed in roots, stems, leaves and flowers. Moreover, 100 AhLEAs were involved in response to drought, low-temperature, or Al stresses. Some LEAs that were regulated by different abiotic stresses were also regulated by hormones including ABA, brassinolide, ethylene and salicylic acid. Interestingly, AhLEAs that were up-regulated by ethylene and salicylic acid showed obvious subfamily preferences. Furthermore, three AhLEA genes, AhLEA1, AhLEA3-1, and AhLEA3-3, which were up-regulated by drought, low-temperature, or Al stresses was proved to enhance cold and Al tolerance in yeast, and AhLEA3-1 enhanced the drought tolerance in yeast. CONCLUSIONS AhLEAs are involved in abiotic stress response, and segmental duplication plays an important role in the evolution and amplification of AhLEAs. The genome-wide identification, classification, evolutionary and transcription analyses of the AhLEA gene family provide a foundation for further exploring the LEA genes' function in response to abiotic stress in peanuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- RuoLan Huang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Dong Xiao
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Nanning, 530004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Guangxi Colleges and Universities, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jie Zhan
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Nanning, 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Guangxi Colleges and Universities, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - AiQing Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Nanning, 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Guangxi Colleges and Universities, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - LongFei He
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Nanning, 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Guangxi Colleges and Universities, Nanning, 530004, China
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Yang L, Cao H, Zhang X, Gui L, Chen Q, Qian G, Xiao J, Li Z. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Tomato ADK Gene Family during Development and Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147708. [PMID: 34299327 PMCID: PMC8305589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenylate kinase (ADK) is widely distributed in organisms and plays an important role in cellular energy homeostasis. In plants, ADK has important functions in plant growth and development regulation as well as in adaptation to the environment. However, little information is available about the ADK genes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), an important economic crop. To investigate the characteristics and functions of ADK genes in tomato, a total of 11 ADK genes were identified and named according to their chromosomal locations. The ADK family in Arabidopsis, tomato, potato, and rice was divided into six groups, and motif analysis revealed that each SlADK protein contained five to eight conserved motifs. A total of 4 to 19 exons were identified in tomato ADK gene family members, and interestingly, most members possessed 4 exons. Several stress response elements were identified in the promoter regions of SlADKs. The 11 SlADKs were randomly distributed on 9 of the 12 tomato chromosomes. Three duplication events were observed between tomato chromosomes, and a high degree of conservation of synteny was demonstrated between tomato and potato. The online TomExpress platform prediction revealed that SlADKs were expressed in various tissues and organs, basically consistent with the data obtained from real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). The qPCR verification was also performed to determine the expression level of SlADKs and demonstrated that the genes responded to multiple abiotic stresses, such as drought, salt, and cold. Besides, the qPCR results showed that SlADK transcription was responsive to most of the applied hormone treatment. For correlation network analysis under 44 global conditions, the results showed that the number of 17, 3, 4, and 6 coexpressed genes matched with SlADK5, 8, 9, and 11, respectively. For specific gene function analysis, expression of SlADK10 was inhibited using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). Compared to wild-type plants, plants with silenced SlADK10 gene had poor drought resistance, indicating SlADK10 regulated drought tolerance of tomato positively. In summary, the information provided in the present study will be helpful to understand the evolutionary relationship and their roles of tomato ADK gene family in further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China; (L.Y.); (X.Z.); (L.G.); (Q.C.); (G.Q.)
| | - Haohao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China;
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China; (L.Y.); (X.Z.); (L.G.); (Q.C.); (G.Q.)
| | - Liangxian Gui
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China; (L.Y.); (X.Z.); (L.G.); (Q.C.); (G.Q.)
| | - Qiang Chen
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China; (L.Y.); (X.Z.); (L.G.); (Q.C.); (G.Q.)
| | - Gui Qian
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China; (L.Y.); (X.Z.); (L.G.); (Q.C.); (G.Q.)
| | - Jiaxin Xiao
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China; (L.Y.); (X.Z.); (L.G.); (Q.C.); (G.Q.)
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China;
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (Z.L.)
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Li F, Chen X, Zhou S, Xie Q, Wang Y, Xiang X, Hu Z, Chen G. Overexpression of SlMBP22 in Tomato Affects Plant Growth and Enhances Tolerance to Drought Stress. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 301:110672. [PMID: 33218637 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
MADS-box transcription factors play crucial and diverse roles in plant growth and development, and the responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the implementation of MADS-box transcription factors in regulating plant architecture and stress responses has not been fully explored in tomato. Here, we found that a novel MADS-box transcription factor, SlMBP22, participated in the control of agronomical traits, tolerance to abiotic stress, and regulation of auxin and gibberellin signalling. Transgenic plants overexpressing SlMBP22 (SlMBP22-OE) displayed pleiotropic phenotypes, including reduced plant height and leaf size, by affecting auxin and/or gibberellin signalling. SlMBP22 was induced by dehydration treatment, and SlMBP22-OE plants were more tolerant to drought stress than wild-type (WT). Furthermore, SlMBP22 overexpression plants accumulated more chlorophyll, starch and soluble sugar than WT, indicating that the darker green leaves might be attributed to increased chlorophyll levels in the transgenic plants. RNA-Seq results showed that the transcript levels of a series of genes related to chloroplast development, chlorophyll metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, hormone signalling, and stress responses were altered. Collectively, our data demonstrate that SlMBP22 plays an important role in both regulating tomato growth and resisting drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Li
- Laboratory of molecular biology of tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Laboratory of molecular biology of tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Shengen Zhou
- Laboratory of molecular biology of tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Qiaoli Xie
- Laboratory of molecular biology of tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Yunshu Wang
- Laboratory of molecular biology of tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Xiaoxue Xiang
- Laboratory of molecular biology of tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Zongli Hu
- Laboratory of molecular biology of tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Guoping Chen
- Laboratory of molecular biology of tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China.
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Liu C, Peng H, Li X, Liu C, Lv X, Wei X, Zou A, Zhang J, Fan G, Ma G, Ma L, Sun X. Genome-wide analysis of NDR1/HIN1-like genes in pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) and functional characterization of CaNHL4 under biotic and abiotic stresses. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:93. [PMID: 32528705 PMCID: PMC7261774 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-0318-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant NDR1/HIN1-like (NHL) genes play an important role in triggering plant defenses in response to biotic stresses. In this study, we performed a genome-wide identification of the NHL genes in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and characterized the functional roles of these CaNHL genes in response to abiotic stresses and infection by different pathogens. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CaNHLs can be classified into five distinct subgroups, with each group containing generic and specific motifs. Regulatory element analysis showed that the majority of the promoter regions of the identified CaNHLs contain jasmonic acid (JA)-responsive and salicylic acid (SA)-responsive elements, and transcriptomic analysis revealed that CaNHL genes are expressed in all the examined tissues of pepper. The CaNHL1, CaNHL4, CaNHL6, CaNHL10, CaNHL11, and CaNHL12 genes were significantly upregulated under abiotic stress as well as in response to different pathogens, such as TMV, Phytophthora capsici and Pseudomonas syringae. In addition, we found that CaNHL4 localizes to the plasma membrane. CaNHL4-silenced pepper plants display significantly increased susceptibility to TMV, Phytophthora capsici and Pseudomonas syringae, exhibiting reduced expression of JA-related and SA-related genes and reduced ROS production. However, transient overexpression of CaNHL4 in pepper increases the expression of JA-related and SA-related genes, enhances the accumulation of ROS, and inhibits the infection of these three pathogens. Collectively, for the first time, we identified the NHL genes in pepper and demonstrated that CaNHL4 is involved in the production of ROS and that it also regulates the expression of JA-related and SA-related genes in response to different pathogens, suggesting that members of the CaNHL family play an essential role in the disease resistance of pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyun Liu
- Laboratory of plant immunity and ecological control of plant disease, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China
| | - Haoran Peng
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, Section of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Xinyu Li
- Laboratory of plant immunity and ecological control of plant disease, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China
| | - Chaolong Liu
- Laboratory of plant immunity and ecological control of plant disease, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China
| | - Xing Lv
- Laboratory of plant immunity and ecological control of plant disease, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China
| | - Xuefeng Wei
- Laboratory of plant immunity and ecological control of plant disease, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China
| | - Aihong Zou
- Laboratory of plant immunity and ecological control of plant disease, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Laboratory of plant immunity and ecological control of plant disease, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China
| | - Guangjin Fan
- Laboratory of plant immunity and ecological control of plant disease, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China
| | - Guanhua Ma
- Laboratory of plant immunity and ecological control of plant disease, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China
| | - Lisong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, 071001 Baoding, China
| | - Xianchao Sun
- Laboratory of plant immunity and ecological control of plant disease, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China
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Olsen S, Krause K. A rapid preparation procedure for laser microdissection-mediated harvest of plant tissues for gene expression analysis. PLANT METHODS 2019; 15:88. [PMID: 31388345 PMCID: PMC6676614 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-019-0471-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene expression changes that govern essential biological processes can occur at the cell-specific level. To gain insight into such events, laser microdissection is applied to cut out specific cells or tissues from which RNA for gene expression analysis is isolated. However, the preparation of plant tissue sections for laser microdissection and subsequent RNA isolation usually involves fixation and embedding, processes that are often time-consuming and can lower the yield and quality of isolated RNA. RESULTS Infection sites of the parasitic plant Cuscuta reflexa growing on its compatible host plant Pelargonium zonale were sectioned using a vibratome and dried on glass slides at 4 °C before laser microdissection. High quality RNA (RQI > 7) was isolated from 1 mm2, 3 mm2 and 6 mm2 total surface areas of laser microdissection-harvested C. reflexa tissue, with the yield of RNA correlating to the amount of collected material (on average 7 ng total RNA/mm2). The expression levels of two parasite genes previously found to be highly expressed during host plant infection were shown to differ individually between specific regions of the infection site. By drying plant sections under low pressure to reduce the dehydration time, the induced expression of two wound-related genes during preparation was avoided. CONCLUSIONS Plants can be prepared quickly and easily for laser microdissection by direct sectioning of fresh tissue followed by dehydration on glass slides. We show that RNA isolated from material treated in this manner maintains high quality and enables the investigation of differential gene expression at a high morphological resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stian Olsen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Framstredet 39, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kirsten Krause
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Framstredet 39, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
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Wang Z, Yang Q, Shao Y, Zhang B, Feng A, Meng F, Li W. GmLEA2-1, a late embryogenesis abundant protein gene isolated from soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), confers tolerance to abiotic stress. ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2018; 69:270-282. [PMID: 30257578 DOI: 10.1556/018.68.2018.3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Late embryonic proteins (LEA) gene family was abundant mainly in higher plant embryos, which could protect the embryos from the damage caused by abiotic stress, especially drought and salt stresses. In the present study, GmLEA2-1 was cloned from soybean leaf tissue treated by 10% polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000). The results of quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed a variety of expression patterns of GmLEA2-1 in various tissues of soybean (root, stem, leaf, flower, pod, early embryo and late embryo). GmLEA2-1 gene shared a lower sequence similarity with other typical LEA genes of same group from different species, but similar functions. Overexpression of GmLEA2-1 in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana conferred tolerance to drought and salt stresses. The fresh weight and dry weight of seedling, the primary root length and the lateral root density of transgenic Arabidopsis plants were higher than those of wild type Arabidopsis (WT) under drought and salt stresses. Cis-acting regulatory elements in the GmLEA2-1 promoter were also predicted. These data demonstrate that GmLEA2-1 protein play an important role in improving drought and salt tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics & Breeding for Soybean in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture ( Northeast Agricultural University ), Harbin , China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics & Breeding for Soybean in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture ( Northeast Agricultural University ), Harbin , China
| | - Yupeng Shao
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics & Breeding for Soybean in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture ( Northeast Agricultural University ), Harbin , China
| | - Binbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics & Breeding for Soybean in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture ( Northeast Agricultural University ), Harbin , China
| | - Aiyun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics & Breeding for Soybean in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture ( Northeast Agricultural University ), Harbin , China
| | - Fanli Meng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics & Breeding for Soybean in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture ( Northeast Agricultural University ), Harbin , China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics & Breeding for Soybean in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture ( Northeast Agricultural University ), Harbin , China
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Böndel KB, Nosenko T, Stephan W. Signatures of natural selection in abiotic stress-responsive genes of Solanum chilense. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:171198. [PMID: 29410831 PMCID: PMC5792908 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Environmental conditions are strong selective forces, which may influence adaptation and speciation. The wild tomato species Solanum chilense, native to South America, is exposed to a range of abiotic stress factors. To identify signatures of natural selection and local adaptation, we analysed 16 genes involved in the abiotic stress response and compared the results to a set of reference genes in 23 populations across the entire species range. The abiotic stress-responsive genes are characterized by elevated nonsynonymous nucleotide diversity and divergence. We detected signatures of positive selection in several abiotic stress-responsive genes on both the population and species levels. Local adaptation to abiotic stresses is particularly apparent at the boundary of the species distribution in populations from coastal low-altitude and mountainous high-altitude regions.
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Huang Z, Zhong XJ, He J, Jin SH, Guo HD, Yu XF, Zhou YJ, Li X, Ma MD, Chen QB, Long H. Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization, and Stress-Responsive Expression Profiling of Genes Encoding LEA (Late Embryogenesis Abundant) Proteins in Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165953. [PMID: 27829056 PMCID: PMC5102402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins have been identified in a wide range of organisms and are believed to play a role in the adaptation of plants to stress conditions. In this study, we performed genome-wide identification of LEA proteins and their coding genes in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) of Poaceae. A total of 23 genes encoding LEA proteins (PeLEAs) were found in P. edulis that could be classified to six groups based on Pfam protein family and homologous analysis. Further in silico analyses of the structures, gene amount, and biochemical characteristics were conducted and compared with those of O. sativa (OsLEAs), B. distachyon (BdLEAs), Z. mays (ZmLEAs), S. bicolor (SbLEAs), Arabidopsis, and Populus trichocarpa. The less number of PeLEAs was found. Evolutionary analysis revealed orthologous relationship and colinearity between P. edulis, O. sativa, B. distachyon, Z. mays, and S. bicolor. Analyses of the non-synonymous (Ka) and synonymous (Ks)substitution rates and their ratios indicated that the duplication of PeLEAs may have occurred around 18.8 million years ago (MYA), and divergence time of LEA family among the P. edulis-O. sativa and P. edulis–B. distachyon, P. edulis-S. bicolor, and P. edulis-Z. mays was approximately 30 MYA, 36 MYA, 48 MYA, and 53 MYA, respectively. Almost all PeLEAs contain ABA- and (or) stress-responsive regulatory elements. Further RNA-seq analysis revealed approximately 78% of PeLEAs could be up-regulated by dehydration and cold stresses. The present study makes insights into the LEA family in P. edulis and provides inventory of stress-responsive genes for further functional validation and transgenic research aiming to plant genetic improvement of abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Huang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail: (ZH); (HL)
| | - Xiao-Juan Zhong
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiao He
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Si-Han Jin
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Han-Du Guo
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Yu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu-Jue Zhou
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming-Dong Ma
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qi-Bing Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Hai Long
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail: (ZH); (HL)
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Pawłowski TA, Staszak AM. Analysis of the embryo proteome of sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) seeds reveals a distinct class of proteins regulating dormancy release. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 195:9-22. [PMID: 26970688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Acer pseudoplatanus seeds are characterized by a deep physiological embryo dormancy that requires a few weeks of cold stratification in order to promote germination. Understanding the function of proteins and their related metabolic pathways, in conjunction with the plant hormones implicated in the breaking of seed dormancy, would expand our knowledge pertaining to this process. In this study, a proteomic approach was used to analyze the changes occurring in seeds in response to cold stratification, which leads to dormancy release. In addition, the involvement of abscisic (ABA) and gibberellic acids (GA) was also examined. Fifty-three proteins showing significant changes were identified by mass spectrometry. An effect of ABA on protein variation was observed at the beginning of stratification, while the influence of GA on protein abundance was observed during the middle phase of stratification. The majority of proteins associated with dormancy breaking in the presence of only water, and also ABA or GA, were classified as being involved in metabolism and genetic information processing. For metabolic-related proteins, the effect of ABA on protein abundance was stimulatory for half of the proteins and inhibitory for half of the proteins. On the other hand, the effect on genetic information processing related proteins was stimulatory. GA was found to upregulate both metabolic-related and genetic information processing-related proteins. While seed dormancy breaking depends on proteins involved in a variety of processes, proteins associated with methionine metabolism (adenosine kinase, methionine synthase) and glycine-rich RNA binding proteins appear to be of particular importance.
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Overexpression of SlUPA-like induces cell enlargement, aberrant development and low stress tolerance through phytohormonal pathway in tomato. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23818. [PMID: 27025226 PMCID: PMC4812305 DOI: 10.1038/srep23818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
upa20 induces cell enlargement and hypertrophy development. In our research, overexpression of SlUPA-like, orthologous to upa20, severely affected the growth of vegetative and reproductive tissues. Wilted leaves curled upwardly and sterile flowers were found in transgenic lines. Through anatomical analysis, palisade and spongy tissues showed fluffy and hypertrophic development in transgenic plants. Gene expression analysis showed that GA responsive, biosynthetic and signal transduction genes (e.g. GAST1, SlGA20OXs, SlGA3OXs, SlGID1s, and SlPREs) were significantly upregulated, indicating that GA response is stimulated by overproduction of SlUPA-like. Furthermore, SlUPA-like was strongly induced by exogenous JA and wounding. Decreased expression of PI-I and induced expression of SlJAZs (including SlJAZ2, SlJAZ10 and SlJAZ11) were observed in transgenic plants, suggesting that JA response is repressed. In addition, SlUPA-like overexpressed plant exhibited more opened stoma and higher water loss than the control when treated with dehydration stress, which was related to decreased ABA biosynthesis, signal transduction and response. Particularly, abnormal developments of transgenic plants promote the plant susceptibility to Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Therefore, it is deduced from these results that SlUPA-like plays vital role in regulation of plant development and stress tolerance through GA, JA and ABA pathways.
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Zamora-Briseño JA, de Jiménez ES. A LEA 4 protein up-regulated by ABA is involved in drought response in maize roots. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 43:221-8. [PMID: 26922182 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-3963-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are hydrophilic proteins that accumulate to high concentrations during the late stages of seeds development, which are integral to desiccation tolerance. LEA proteins also play a protective role under other abiotic stresses. We analyzed in silico a maize protein predicted to be highly hydrophilic and intrinsically disordered. This prediction was experimentally corroborated by solubility assays under denaturing conditions. Based on its amino acid sequence, we propose that this protein belongs to group four of the LEA proteins. The accumulation pattern of this protein was similar to that of dehydrins during the desiccation process that takes place during seed development. This protein was induced by exogenous abscisic acid in immature embryos, but during imbibition was down-regulated by gibberellins. It was also induced in maize roots under osmotic stress. So far, this is the first member of the LEA proteins belonging to group four to be characterized in maize, and it plays a role in the response to osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Alejandro Zamora-Briseño
- Laboratorio 103, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, DF, Mexico.
| | - Estela Sánchez de Jiménez
- Laboratorio 103, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, DF, Mexico.
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Lim CW, Lim S, Baek W, Lee SC. The pepper late embryogenesis abundant protein CaLEA1 acts in regulating abscisic acid signaling, drought and salt stress response. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 154:526-42. [PMID: 25302464 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants are constantly challenged by environmental stresses, including drought and high salinity. Among the various abiotic stresses, osmotic stress is one of the most important factors for growth and significantly reduces crop productivity in agriculture. Here, we report a function of the CaLEA1 protein in the defense responses of plants to osmotic stress. Our analyses showed that the CaLEA1 gene was strongly induced in pepper leaves exposed to drought and increased salinity. Furthermore, we determined that the CaLEA1 protein has a late embryogenesis abundant (LEA)_3 homolog domain highly conserved among other known group 5 LEA proteins and is localized in the processing body. We generated CaLEA1-silenced peppers and CaLEA1-overexpressing (OX) transgenic Arabidopsis plants to evaluate their responses to dehydration and high salinity. Virus-induced gene silencing of CaLEA1 in pepper plants conferred enhanced sensitivity to drought and salt stresses, which was accompanied by high levels of lipid peroxidation in dehydrated and NaCl-treated leaves. CaLEA1-OX plants exhibited enhanced sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA) during seed germination and in the seedling stage; furthermore, these plants were more tolerant to drought and salt stress than the wild-type plants because of enhanced stomatal closure and increased expression of stress-responsive genes. Collectively, our data suggest that CaLEA1 positively regulates drought and salinity tolerance through ABA-mediated cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Woo Lim
- Department of Life Science (BK21 Program), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Lim
- Department of Life Science (BK21 Program), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Woonhee Baek
- Department of Life Science (BK21 Program), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chul Lee
- Department of Life Science (BK21 Program), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
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Wang M, Li P, Li C, Pan Y, Jiang X, Zhu D, Zhao Q, Yu J. SiLEA14, a novel atypical LEA protein, confers abiotic stress resistance in foxtail millet. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:290. [PMID: 25404037 PMCID: PMC4243736 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0290-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are involved in protecting higher plants from damage caused by environmental stresses. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) is an important cereal crop for food and feed in semi-arid areas. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying tolerance to these conditions are not well defined. RESULTS Here, we characterized a novel atypical LEA gene named SiLEA14 from foxtail millet. It contains two exons separated by one intron. SiLEA14 was expressed in roots, stems, leaves, inflorescences and seeds at different levels under normal growth conditions. In addition, SiLEA14 was dramatically induced by osmotic stress, NaCl and exogenous abscisic acid. The SiLEA14 protein was localized in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Overexpression of SiLEA14 improved Escherichia coli growth performance compared with the control under salt stress. To further assess the function of SiLEA14 in plants, transgenic Arabidopsis and foxtail millet plants that overexpressed SiLEA14 were obtained. The transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings showed higher tolerance to salt and osmotic stress than the wild type (WT). Similarly, the transgenic foxtail millet showed improved growth under salt and drought stresses compared with the WT. Taken together, our results indicated that SiLEA14 is a novel atypical LEA protein and plays important roles in resistance to abiotic stresses in plants. CONCLUSION We characterized a novel atypical LEA gene SiLEA14 from foxtail millet, which plays important roles in plant abiotic stress resistance. Modification of SiLEA14 expression may improve abiotic stress resistance in agricultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhen Wang
- />State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193 China
- />Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Ping Li
- />State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Cong Li
- />State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Yanlin Pan
- />State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Xiyuan Jiang
- />State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Dengyun Zhu
- />State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Qian Zhao
- />State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jingjuan Yu
- />State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193 China
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Zhu M, Chen G, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Xie Q, Zhao Z, Pan Y, Hu Z. The abiotic stress-responsive NAC-type transcription factor SlNAC4 regulates salt and drought tolerance and stress-related genes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2014; 33:1851-63. [PMID: 25063324 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1662-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
SlNAC4 functions as a stress-responsive transcription factor and might be useful for crop salt and drought tolerance improvement. Abiotic stresses, especially salinity and drought, are major factors that significantly limit crop growth and productivity. Plant-specific NAC transcription factors play crucial roles in various stress responses. However, to date only little information regarding stress-related NAC genes is available in tomato. Previously, we reported that tomato SlNAC4-SlNAC10 genes are involved in response of various abiotic stresses. Expression analysis revealed that SlNAC4 was also induced significantly by MeJA, but not by ABA. To further unravel the function of SlNAC4 in response to abiotic stress, we investigated the effects of salt and drought stress on wild-type and SlNAC4-RNAi transgenic tomato plants. The results demonstrated that the root and shoot growth of RNAi plants was more inhibited by salt stress than that of wild-type at post-germination stage. The leaf salt assay also showed less tolerance in transgenic plants by retaining lower chlorophyll content compared with wild-type plants. In addition, transgenic plants became less tolerant to salt and drought stress in soil, which were demonstrated by lower levels of water and chlorophyll contents, and higher water loss rate in their leaves as compared to wild-type plants under stressed conditions. Notably, the expressions of multiple stress-related genes were downregulated in SlNAC4-RNAi plants under both control and salt-stressed conditions. Collectively, these results highlight the important role of SlNAC4 functions as a stress-responsive transcription factor in positive modulation of abiotic stress tolerance through an ABA-independent signaling networks and possibly in response to biotic stress, and may hold promising applications in the engineering of salt- and drought-tolerant tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingku Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Room 313, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Campus A, 174 Shapingba Main Street, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China,
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Wu Y, Liu C, Kuang J, Ge Q, Zhang Y, Wang Z. Overexpression of SmLEA enhances salt and drought tolerance in Escherichia coli and Salvia miltiorrhiza. PROTOPLASMA 2014; 251:1191-9. [PMID: 24595620 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-014-0626-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Salinity and drought are important abiotic stresses limiting plant growth and development. Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are a group of proteins associated with tolerance to water-related stress. We previously cloned an LEA gene, SmLEA, from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that SmLEA belongs to Group LEA14, which is involved in the dehydration response. To determine its function in detail, we have now overexpressed SmLEA in Escherichia coli and S. miltiorrhiza. The logarithmic increase in accumulations of SmLEA proteins in E. coli occurred earlier under salinity than under standard conditions. SmLEA-transformed S. miltiorrhiza plants also showed faster root elongation and a lower malondialdehyde concentration than the empty vector control plants did when cultured on MS media supplemented with 60 mM NaCl or 150 mM mannitol. Moreover, SmLEA-overexpressing transgenics experienced a less rapid rate of water loss. Under either salinity or drought, overexpressing plants had greater superoxide dismutase activity and a higher glutathione concentration. These results suggest that SmLEA may be useful in efforts to improve drought and salinity tolerance in S. miltiorrhiza. Our data also provide a good foundation for further studies into the stress resistance mechanism and molecular breeding of this valuable medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drug in Northwest of China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, People's Republic of China
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20
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Dang NX, Popova AV, Hundertmark M, Hincha DK. Functional characterization of selected LEA proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana in yeast and in vitro. PLANTA 2014; 240:325-36. [PMID: 24841476 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Expression of eight LEA genes enhanced desiccation tolerance in yeast, including two LEA_2 genes encoding atypical, stably folded proteins. The recombinant proteins showed enzyme, but not membrane protection during drying. To screen for possible functions of late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins in cellular stress tolerance, 15 candidate genes from six Arabidopsis thaliana LEA protein families were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a genetically amenable eukaryotic model organism. Desiccation stress experiments showed that eight of the 15 LEA proteins significantly enhanced yeast survival. While none of the proteins belonging to the LEA_1, LEA_5 or AtM families provided protection to yeast cells, two of three LEA_2 proteins, all three LEA_4 proteins and three of four dehydrins were effective. However, no significantly enhanced tolerance toward freezing, salt, osmotic or oxidative stress was observed. While most LEA proteins are highly hydrophilic and intrinsically disordered, LEA_2 proteins are "atypical", since they are more hydrophobic and possess a stable folded structure in solution. Because nothing was known about the functional properties of LEA_2 proteins, we expressed the three Arabidopsis proteins LEA1, LEA26 and LEA27 in Escherichia coli. The bacteria expressed all three proteins in inclusion bodies from which they could be purified and refolded. Correct folding was ascertained by Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. None of the proteins was able to stabilize liposomes during freezing or drying, but they were all able to protect the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from inactivation during freezing. Significantly, only LEA1 and LEA27, which also protected yeast cells during drying, were able to stabilize LDH during desiccation and subsequent rehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nghiem X Dang
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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Paul A, Singh S, Sharma S, Kumar S. A stress-responsive late embryogenesis abundant protein 7 (CsLEA7) of tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] encodes for a chaperone that imparts tolerance to Escherichia coli against stresses. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:7191-200. [PMID: 25052187 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3602-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study characterized CsLEA7, a group 7 late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) gene, from tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze]. The gene had an open reading frame of 462 base pairs encoding 153 amino acids with calculated molecular weight of 16.63 kDa and an isoelectric point (pI) of 4.93. Analysis revealed CsLEA7 to be an intrinsically ordered protein consisting of nine β-strands and two α-helices. CsLEA7 expressed ubiquitously in all the tissues analyzed with highest level of transcripts in mature leaf as compared to in flower bud, younger leaves, stem and fruit. Expression was the least in root tissue. CsLEA7 exhibited up-regulation in response to low temperature, polyethylene glycol-8000, sodium chloride and hydrogen peroxide in tea. Analysis of the promoter of CsLEA7 revealed a core promoter element and distinct cis-acting regulatory elements regulating gene expression under abiotic stresses. CsLEA7 exhibited chaperonic activity as evinced by protection to malate dehydrogenase against heat denaturation assay. Recombinant Escherichia coli cells producing CsLEA7 exhibited improved tolerance against diverse cues: polyethylene glycol-8000, sodium chloride, hydrogen peroxide and low temperature signifying its role in imparting stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asosii Paul
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
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Expression profiles of 12 late embryogenesis abundant protein genes from Tamarix hispida in response to abiotic stress. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:868391. [PMID: 25133264 PMCID: PMC4121221 DOI: 10.1155/2014/868391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Twelve embryogenesis abundant protein (LEA) genes (named ThLEA-1 to -12) were cloned from Tamarix hispida. The expression profiles of these genes in response to NaCl, PEG, and abscisic acid (ABA) in roots, stems, and leaves of T. hispida were assessed using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). These ThLEAs all showed tissue-specific expression patterns in roots, stems, and leaves under normal growth conditions. However, they shared a high similar expression patterns in the roots, stems, and leaves when exposed to NaCl and PEG stress. Furthermore, ThLEA-1, -2, -3, -4, and -11 were induced by NaCl and PEG, but ThLEA-5, -6, -8, -10, and -12 were downregulated by salt and drought stresses. Under ABA treatment, some ThLEA genes, such as ThLEA-1, -2, and -3, were only slightly differentially expressed in roots, stems, and leaves, indicating that they may be involved in the ABA-independent signaling pathway. These findings provide a basis for the elucidation of the function of LEA genes in future work.
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Chen F, Jiang L, Zheng J, Huang R, Wang H, Hong Z, Huang Y. Identification of differentially expressed proteins and phosphorylated proteins in rice seedlings in response to strigolactone treatment. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93947. [PMID: 24699514 PMCID: PMC3974870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are recently identified plant hormones that inhibit shoot branching and control various aspects of plant growth, development and interaction with parasites. Previous studies have shown that plant D10 protein is a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase that functions in SL biosynthesis. In this work, we used an allelic SL-deficient d10 mutant XJC of rice (Oryza sativa L. spp. indica) to investigate proteins that were responsive to SL treatment. When grown in darkness, d10 mutant seedlings exhibited elongated mesocotyl that could be rescued by exogenous application of SLs. Soluble protein extracts were prepared from d10 mutant seedlings grown in darkness in the presence of GR24, a synthetic SL analog. Soluble proteins were separated on two-dimensional gels and subjected to proteomic analysis. Proteins that were expressed differentially and phosphoproteins whose phosphorylation status changed in response to GR24 treatment were identified. Eight proteins were found to be induced or down-regulated by GR24, and a different set of 8 phosphoproteins were shown to change their phosphorylation intensities in the dark-grown d10 seedlings in response to GR24 treatment. Analysis of these proteins revealed that they are important enzymes of the carbohydrate and amino acid metabolic pathways and key components of the cellular energy generation machinery. These proteins may represent potential targets of the SL signaling pathway. This study provides new insight into the complex and negative regulatory mechanism by which SLs control shoot branching and plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | | | | | - Rongyu Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, and Program of Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Houcong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zonglie Hong
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, and Program of Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Idaho, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZH); (YH)
| | - Yumin Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- * E-mail: (ZH); (YH)
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Tan L, Chen S, Wang T, Dai S. Proteomic insights into seed germination in response to environmental factors. Proteomics 2014; 13:1850-70. [PMID: 23986916 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Seed germination is a critical process in the life cycle of higher plants. During germination, the imbibed mature seed is highly sensitive to different environmental factors.However, knowledge about the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying the environmental effects on germination has been lacking. Recent proteomic work has provided invaluable insight into the molecular processes in germinating seeds of Arabidopsis, rice (Oryza sativa), soybean (Glycine max), barley (Hordeum vulgare), maize (Zeamays), tea (Camellia sinensis), European beech (Fagus sylvatica), and Norway maple (Acer platanoides) under different treatments including metal ions (e.g. copper and cadmium), drought, low temperature, hormones, and chemicals (gibberellic acid, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, and α-amanitin), as well as Fusarium graminearum infection. A total of 561 environmental factor-responsive proteins have been identified with various expression patterns in germinating seeds. The data highlight diverse regulatory and metabolic mechanisms upon seed germination, including induction of environmental factor-responsive signaling pathways, seed storage reserve mobilization and utilization, enhancement of DNA repair and modification, regulation of gene expression and protein synthesis, modulation of cell structure, and cell defense. In this review, we summarize the interesting findings and discuss the relevance and significance for our understanding of environmental regulation of seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyan Tan
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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25
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JcLEA, a novel LEA-like protein from Jatropha curcas, confers a high level of tolerance to dehydration and salinity in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83056. [PMID: 24391737 PMCID: PMC3877014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Jatropha curcas L. is a highly drought and salt tolerant plant species that is typically used as a traditional folk medicine and biofuel crop in many countries. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie the response to various abiotic environmental stimuli, especially to drought and salt stresses, in J. curcas could be important to crop improvement efforts. In this study, we cloned and characterized the gene for a late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) protein from J. curcas that we designated JcLEA. Sequence analyses showed that the JcLEA protein belongs to group 5, a subgroup of the LEA protein family. In young seedlings, expression of JcLEA is significantly induced by abscisic acid (ABA), dehydration, and salt stress. Subcellular localization analysis shows that that JcLEA protein is distributed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Moreover, based on growth status and physiological indices, the overexpression of JcLEA in transgenic Arabidopsis plants conferred increased resistance to both drought and salt stresses compared to the WT. Our data suggests that the group 5 JcLEA protein contributes to drought and salt stress tolerance in plants. Thus, JcLEA is a potential candidate gene for plant genetic modification.
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Scranton MA, Fowler JH, Girke T, Walling LL. Microarray analysis of tomato's early and late wound response reveals new regulatory targets for Leucine aminopeptidase A. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77889. [PMID: 24205013 PMCID: PMC3812031 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Wounding due to mechanical injury or insect feeding causes a wide array of damage to plant cells including cell disruption, desiccation, metabolite oxidation, and disruption of primary metabolism. In response, plants regulate a variety of genes and metabolic pathways to cope with injury. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a model for wound signaling but few studies have examined the comprehensive gene expression profiles in response to injury. A cross-species microarray approach using the TIGR potato 10-K cDNA array was analyzed for large-scale temporal (early and late) and spatial (locally and systemically) responses to mechanical wounding in tomato leaves. These analyses demonstrated that tomato regulates many primary and secondary metabolic pathways and this regulation is dependent on both timing and location. To determine if LAP-A, a known modulator of wound signaling, influences gene expression beyond the core of late wound-response genes, changes in RNAs from healthy and wounded Leucine aminopeptidase A-silenced (LapA-SI) and wild-type (WT) leaves were examined. While most of the changes in gene expression after wounding in LapA-SI leaves were similar to WT, overall responses were delayed in the LapA-SI leaves. Moreover, two pathogenesis-related 1 (PR-1c and PR-1a2) and two dehydrin (TAS14 and Dhn3) genes were negatively regulated by LAP-A. Collectively, this study has shown that tomato wound responses are complex and that LAP-A's role in modulation of wound responses extends beyond the well described late-wound gene core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Scranton
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Jonathan H. Fowler
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas Girke
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Linda L. Walling
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
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27
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Jin X, Fu Z, Ding D, Li W, Liu Z, Tang J. Proteomic identification of genes associated with maize grain-filling rate. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59353. [PMID: 23527170 PMCID: PMC3601958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Grain filling during the linear phase contributes most of the dry matter accumulated in the maize kernel, which in turn determines the final grain yield. Endosperms and embryos of three elite maize hybrids (Zhengdan 958, Nongda 108, and Pioneer 335) were sampled 17, 22, 25, and 28 days after pollination, during the linear phase of grain filling, for proteomic analysis to explore the regulatory factors critical for grain filling rate. In total, 39 and 43 protein spots that showed more than 2-fold changes in abundance at P<0.01 between any two sampling stages in the endosperm and embryo were analyzed by protein mass spectrometry. The changing patterns in expression index of these proteins in the endosperm were evenly distributed, whereas up-regulation patterns predominated (74%) in the embryo. Functional analysis revealed that metabolism was the largest category, represented by nine proteins in the endosperm and 12 proteins in the embryo, of the proteins that significantly changed in abundance. Glycolysis, a critical process both for glucose conversion into pyruvate and for release of free energy and reducing power, and proteins related to redox homeostasis were emphasized in the endosperm. Additionally, lipid, nitrogen, and inositol metabolism related to fatty acid biosynthesis and late embryogenesis abundant proteins were emphasized in the embryo. One protein related to cellular redox equilibrium, which showed a more than 50-fold change in abundance and was co-localized with a quantitative trait locus for grain yield on chromosome 1, was further investigated by transcriptional profile implying consistent expression pattern with protein accumulation. The present results provide a first step towards elucidation of the gene network responsible for regulation of grain filling in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xining Jin
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fu
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong Ding
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weihua Li
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zonghua Liu
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jihua Tang
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Genetic Improvement of Food Crops in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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28
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Scranton MA, Fowler JH, Girke T, Walling LL. Microarray analysis of tomato's early and late wound response reveals new regulatory targets for Leucine aminopeptidase A. PLoS One 2013. [PMID: 24205013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.007788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Wounding due to mechanical injury or insect feeding causes a wide array of damage to plant cells including cell disruption, desiccation, metabolite oxidation, and disruption of primary metabolism. In response, plants regulate a variety of genes and metabolic pathways to cope with injury. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a model for wound signaling but few studies have examined the comprehensive gene expression profiles in response to injury. A cross-species microarray approach using the TIGR potato 10-K cDNA array was analyzed for large-scale temporal (early and late) and spatial (locally and systemically) responses to mechanical wounding in tomato leaves. These analyses demonstrated that tomato regulates many primary and secondary metabolic pathways and this regulation is dependent on both timing and location. To determine if LAP-A, a known modulator of wound signaling, influences gene expression beyond the core of late wound-response genes, changes in RNAs from healthy and wounded Leucine aminopeptidase A-silenced (LapA-SI) and wild-type (WT) leaves were examined. While most of the changes in gene expression after wounding in LapA-SI leaves were similar to WT, overall responses were delayed in the LapA-SI leaves. Moreover, two pathogenesis-related 1 (PR-1c and PR-1a2) and two dehydrin (TAS14 and Dhn3) genes were negatively regulated by LAP-A. Collectively, this study has shown that tomato wound responses are complex and that LAP-A's role in modulation of wound responses extends beyond the well described late-wound gene core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Scranton
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
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29
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Xu H, Zhang W, Gao Y, Zhao Y, Guo L, Wang J. Proteomic analysis of embryo development in rice (Oryza sativa). PLANTA 2012; 235:687-701. [PMID: 22015996 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-011-1535-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Although embryo development is a major subject in plant growth and development research, a number of aspects of the mechanism of this development process remain unknown. Rice (Oryza sativa) is an excellent monocot plant model for studying embryogenesis with a known genome sequence. Here, we conducted proteomic analysis of embryo development in rice (O. sativa L. ssp. indica cv. 9311). The aim was to investigate and characterize the changes in the protein expression profile during embryo development. For this purpose, the proteome of developing embryos was characterized by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and nano liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. Proteomic analyses identified 275 differentially expressed proteins throughout the 5 sequential developmental stages from 5 to 30 days after pollination. Most of these proteins were classified into eight functional categories: metabolism, protein synthesis/destination, disease and defense, transporter, transcription, signal transduction, cell growth/division, and storage proteins, which were involved in different cellular and metabolic processes. Hierarchical clustering analyses of protein expression profiles showed that highly expressed proteins in early stages were involved in metabolism, protein synthesis/destination, and most of the other cellular functions, whereas the proteins highly expressed in later stages functioned in the desiccation and dormancy of the embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xu
- Key Laboratory of MOE for Plant Development Biology, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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30
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Kumar R, Sharma MK, Kapoor S, Tyagi AK, Sharma AK. Transcriptome analysis of rin mutant fruit and in silico analysis of promoters of differentially regulated genes provides insight into LeMADS-RIN-regulated ethylene-dependent as well as ethylene-independent aspects of ripening in tomato. Mol Genet Genomics 2012. [PMID: 22212279 DOI: 10.1007/s00438‐011‐0671‐7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A thorough understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying ripening is the prerequisite for genetic manipulation of fruits for better shelf-life and nutritional quality. Mutation in LeMADS-RIN, a MADS-box gene, leads to non-ripening phenotype of rin fruits in tomato. Characterization of ripening-inhibitor (rin) mutant has elucidated important role of ethylene in the regulation of climacteric fruit ripening. A complete understanding of this mutation will unravel novel genetic regulatory mechanisms involved in fruit ripening. In this study, fruit transcriptomes of two genotypes, including a cultivated Indian cultivar Solanum lycopersicum cv. Pusa Ruby and a homozygous line harboring the rin mutation (LA1795) were compared to get better insight into RIN-regulated ethylene-dependent and ethylene-independent events during ripening. Cluster analysis of ripening-related genes indicated a major shift in their expression profiles in rin mutant fruit. A total of 112 genes, exhibiting expression patterns similar to that of LeMADS-RIN in wild-type fruits, showed down regulation of expression in the rin mutant. In silico analysis of putative promoters of these genes for the presence of CArG box along with ERE and ethylene inducibility of these genes revealed that genes lacking CArG box in their regulatory regions could be indirectly regulated by LeMADS-RIN. New regulators of ethylene-dependent aspect of ripening were also identified. In this study, we have made an attempt to distinguish between ethylene-dependent and ethylene-independent aspects of ripening, which will be useful for developing strategies to improve fruit-related agronomic traits in tomato and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
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31
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Kumar R, Sharma MK, Kapoor S, Tyagi AK, Sharma AK. Transcriptome analysis of rin mutant fruit and in silico analysis of promoters of differentially regulated genes provides insight into LeMADS-RIN-regulated ethylene-dependent as well as ethylene-independent aspects of ripening in tomato. Mol Genet Genomics 2012; 287:189-203. [PMID: 22212279 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-011-0671-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A thorough understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying ripening is the prerequisite for genetic manipulation of fruits for better shelf-life and nutritional quality. Mutation in LeMADS-RIN, a MADS-box gene, leads to non-ripening phenotype of rin fruits in tomato. Characterization of ripening-inhibitor (rin) mutant has elucidated important role of ethylene in the regulation of climacteric fruit ripening. A complete understanding of this mutation will unravel novel genetic regulatory mechanisms involved in fruit ripening. In this study, fruit transcriptomes of two genotypes, including a cultivated Indian cultivar Solanum lycopersicum cv. Pusa Ruby and a homozygous line harboring the rin mutation (LA1795) were compared to get better insight into RIN-regulated ethylene-dependent and ethylene-independent events during ripening. Cluster analysis of ripening-related genes indicated a major shift in their expression profiles in rin mutant fruit. A total of 112 genes, exhibiting expression patterns similar to that of LeMADS-RIN in wild-type fruits, showed down regulation of expression in the rin mutant. In silico analysis of putative promoters of these genes for the presence of CArG box along with ERE and ethylene inducibility of these genes revealed that genes lacking CArG box in their regulatory regions could be indirectly regulated by LeMADS-RIN. New regulators of ethylene-dependent aspect of ripening were also identified. In this study, we have made an attempt to distinguish between ethylene-dependent and ethylene-independent aspects of ripening, which will be useful for developing strategies to improve fruit-related agronomic traits in tomato and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
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Park SC, Kim YH, Jeong JC, Kim CY, Lee HS, Bang JW, Kwak SS. Sweetpotato late embryogenesis abundant 14 (IbLEA14) gene influences lignification and increases osmotic- and salt stress-tolerance of transgenic calli. PLANTA 2011; 233:621-34. [PMID: 21136074 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-010-1326-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Late embryogenesis abundant 14 (LEA14) cDNA was isolated from an EST library prepared from dehydration-treated fibrous roots of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas). Quantitative RT-PCR revealed a variety of different IbLEA14 expression patterns under various abiotic stress conditions. IbLEA14 expression was strongly induced by dehydration, NaCl and abscisic acid treatments in sweetpotato plants. Transgenic sweetpotato non-embryogenic calli harboring IbLEA14 overexpression or RNAi vectors under the control of CaMV 35S promoter were generated. Transgenic calli overexpressing IbLEA14 showed enhanced tolerance to drought and salt stress, whereas RNAi calli exhibited increased stress sensitivity. Under normal culture conditions, lignin contents increased in IbLEA14-overexpressing calli because of the increased expression of a variety of monolignol biosynthesis-related genes. Stress treatments elicited higher expression levels of the gene encoding cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase in IbLEA14-overexpressing lines than in control or RNAi lines. These results suggest that IbLEA14 might positively regulate the response to various stresses by enhancing lignification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Chul Park
- Environmental Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Oun-dong 52, Yusong-gu, Daejeon, 305-806, Republic of Korea
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Pawłowski TA. Proteomic approach to analyze dormancy breaking of tree seeds. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 73:15-25. [PMID: 20306286 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-010-9623-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In forest broadleaves from the temperate zone, a large number of species exhibit seed dormancy phenomena. Tree seeds show some of the most pronounced and complicated forms of dormancy in the plant kingdom. Many seeds are deeply physiologically dormant whatever their moisture level and age. However, dormancy can usually be overcome by a cold or warm stratification for several months. The transition from seed dormancy to germination is a multi-step process. In combination with the availability of genome sequence data, proteomics has opened up enormous possibilities for identifying the total set of expressed proteins as well as expression changes during dormancy breaking. The proteomic approach used for analysis of dormancy breaking of tree seeds offers new data allowing better understanding of the mechanism of deep physiological dormancy. The results of proteomic studies on dormancy breaking and the presence of abscisic and gibberellic acids in tree seeds (beech Fagus sylvatica L., Norway maple Acer platanoides L. and sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus L.), help to explain this process better. Most of the changes in protein expression were observed at the end of stratification and in the germinated seeds. This is the most active period of dormancy breaking when seeds pass from the quiescent state to germination. The analysis of the proteins' function showed that the mechanism of seed dormancy breaking involves many processes. Energy metabolism, proteasome, transcription, protein synthesis, signal transduction and methionine metabolism proteins have a special importance.
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Yáñez M, Cáceres S, Orellana S, Bastías A, Verdugo I, Ruiz-Lara S, Casaretto JA. An abiotic stress-responsive bZIP transcription factor from wild and cultivated tomatoes regulates stress-related genes. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2009; 28:1497-507. [PMID: 19652975 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-009-0749-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Revised: 07/13/2009] [Accepted: 07/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Wild relatives of cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) are resistant to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stress conditions. In an effort to understand the molecular mechanisms of salt stress resistance in the wild and cultivated Solanum species, a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor was identified in S. chilense, S. peruvianum and S. lycopersicum and named ScAREB1, SpAREB1 and SlAREB1, respectively. Deduced amino acid sequences of the three proteins are 97% identical among them and present high homology with the ABF/AREB subfamily of transcription factors described in different plant species, including Arabidopsis (ABF2, 54% identical) and tobacco (PHI-2, 50% identical). Expression of these orthologous genes is upregulated similarly in the three species by salt stress. The expression of SlAREB1 was further investigated in S. lycopersicum and found to be induced by drought, cold and abscisic acid. To investigate the possible role of this transcription factor in response to abiotic stress, a simple transient expression assay was used for rapid analysis of genes regulated by SlAREB1 in tomato and tobacco by means of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Tobacco leaves expressing SlAREB1 showed upregulation of stress-responsive genes such as RD29B, the LEA genes ERD10B and TAS14, the transcription factor PHI-2 and a trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase gene. These results suggest that this class of bZIP plays a role in abiotic stress response in the Solanum genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Yáñez
- Instituto de Biología Vegetal y Biotecnología, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
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Pawłowski TA. Proteome analysis of Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) seeds dormancy breaking and germination: influence of abscisic and gibberellic acids. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2009; 9:48. [PMID: 19413897 PMCID: PMC2688491 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-9-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seed dormancy is controlled by the physiological or structural properties of a seed and the external conditions. It is induced as part of the genetic program of seed development and maturation. Seeds with deep physiological embryo dormancy can be stimulated to germinate by a variety of treatments including cold stratification. Hormonal imbalance between germination inhibitors (e.g. abscisic acid) and growth promoters (e.g. gibberellins) is the main cause of seed dormancy breaking. Differences in the status of hormones would affect expression of genes required for germination. Proteomics offers the opportunity to examine simultaneous changes and to classify temporal patterns of protein accumulation occurring during seed dormancy breaking and germination. Analysis of the functions of the identified proteins and the related metabolic pathways, in conjunction with the plant hormones implicated in seed dormancy breaking, would expand our knowledge about this process. RESULTS A proteomic approach was used to analyse the mechanism of dormancy breaking in Norway maple seeds caused by cold stratification, and the participation of the abscisic (ABA) and gibberellic (GA) acids. Forty-four proteins showing significant changes were identified by mass spectrometry. Of these, eight spots were identified as water-responsive, 18 spots were ABA- and nine GA-responsive and nine spots were regulated by both hormones. The classification of proteins showed that most of the proteins associated with dormancy breaking in water were involved in protein destination. Most of the ABA- and GA-responsive proteins were involved in protein destination and energy metabolism. CONCLUSION In this study, ABA was found to mostly down-regulate proteins whereas GA up-regulated proteins abundance. Most of the changes were observed at the end of stratification in the germinated seeds. This is the most active period of dormancy breaking when seeds pass from the quiescent state to germination. Seed dormancy breaking involves proteins of various processes but the proteasome proteins, S-adenosylmethionine synthetase, glycine-rich RNA binding protein, ABI3-interacting protein 1, EF-2 and adenosylhomocysteinase are of particular importance. The effect of exogenously applied hormones was not a determining factor for total inhibition (ABA) or stimulation (GA) of Norway maple seed dormancy breaking and germination but proteomic data has proven these hormones play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz A Pawłowski
- Seed Biochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Dendrology Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland.
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36
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George S, Usha B, Parida A. Isolation and characterization of an atypical LEA protein coding cDNA and its promoter from drought-tolerant plant Prosopis juliflora. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 157:244-53. [PMID: 19002660 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8398-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Plant growth and productivity are adversely affected by various abiotic and biotic stress factors. Despite the wealth of information on abiotic stress and stress tolerance in plants, many aspects still remain unclear. Prosopis juliflora is a hardy plant reported to be tolerant to drought, salinity, extremes of soil pH, and heavy metal stress. In this paper, we report the isolation and characterization of the complementary DNA clone for an atypical late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) protein (Pj LEA3) and its putative promoter sequence from P. juliflora. Unlike typical LEA proteins, rich in glycine, Pj LEA3 has alanine as the most abundant amino acid followed by serine and shows an average negative hydropathy. Pj LEA3 is significantly different from other LEA proteins in the NCBI database and shows high similarity to indole-3 acetic-acid-induced protein ARG2 from Vigna radiata. Northern analysis for Pj LEA3 in P. juliflora leaves under 90 mM H2O2 stress revealed up-regulation of transcript at 24 and 48 h. A 1.5-kb fragment upstream the 5' UTR of this gene (putative promoter) was isolated and analyzed in silico. The possible reasons for changes in gene expression during stress in relation to the host plant's stress tolerance mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suja George
- M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
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Battaglia M, Olvera-Carrillo Y, Garciarrubio A, Campos F, Covarrubias AA. The enigmatic LEA proteins and other hydrophilins. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 148:6-24. [PMID: 18772351 PMCID: PMC2528095 DOI: 10.1104/pp.108.120725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 503] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Battaglia
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas , Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, Mexico
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38
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George S, Venkataraman G, Parida A. Identification of stress-induced genes from the drought-tolerant plant Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC. through analysis of expressed sequence tags. Genome 2007; 50:470-8. [PMID: 17612616 DOI: 10.1139/g07-014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses such as cold, salinity, drought, wounding, and heavy metal contamination adversely affect crop productivity throughout the world. Prosopis juliflora is a phreatophyte that can tolerate severe adverse environmental conditions such as drought, salinity, and heavy metal contamination. As a first step towards the characterization of genes that contribute to combating abiotic stress, construction and analysis of a cDNA library of P. juliflora genes is reported here. Random expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing of 1750 clones produced 1467 high-quality reads. These clones were classified into functional categories, and BLAST comparisons revealed that 114 clones were homologous to genes implicated in stress response(s) and included heat shock proteins, metallothioneins, lipid transfer proteins, and late embryogenesis abundant proteins. Of the ESTs analyzed, 26% showed homology to previously uncharacterized genes in the databases. Fifty-two clones from this category were selected for reverse Northern analysis: 21 were shown to be upregulated and 16 downregulated. The results obtained by reverse Northern analysis were confirmed by Northern analysis. Clustering of the 1467 ESTs produced a total of 295 contigs encompassing 790 ESTs, resulting in a 54.2% redundancy. Two of the abundant genes coding for a nonspecific lipid transfer protein and late embryogenesis abundant protein were sequenced completely. Northern analysis (after polyethylene glycol stress) of the 2 genes was carried out. The implications of the analyzed genes in abiotic stress tolerance are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suja George
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai 600 113, India
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Durgbanshi A, Arbona V, Pozo O, Miersch O, Sancho JV, Gómez-Cadenas A. Simultaneous determination of multiple phytohormones in plant extracts by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:8437-42. [PMID: 16248534 DOI: 10.1021/jf050884b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A rapid multiresidue method to quantify three different classes of plant hormones has been developed. The reduced concentrations of these metabolites in real samples with complex matrixes require sensitive techniques for their quantification in small amounts of plant tissue. The method described combines high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Deuterium-labeled standards were added prior to sample extraction to achieve an accurate quantification of abscisic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and jasmonic acid in a single run. A simple method of extraction and purification involving only centrifugation, a partition against diethyl ether, and filtration was developed and the analytical method validated in four different plant tissues, citrus leaves, papaya roots, barley seedlings, and barley immature embryos. This method represents a clear advantage because it extensively reduces sample preparation and total time for routine analysis of phytohormones in real plant samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilasha Durgbanshi
- Departamento de Ciencias Experimentales, Universitat Jaume I, Campus Riu Sec, E-12071 Castelló, Spain
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40
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Ali-Benali MA, Alary R, Joudrier P, Gautier MF. Comparative expression of five Lea Genes during wheat seed development and in response to abiotic stresses by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 1730:56-65. [PMID: 16023228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbaexp.2005.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2005] [Revised: 05/10/2005] [Accepted: 05/25/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression profiles of group 2 (dehydrins) and group 4 Late embryogenesis abundant (Lea) genes in developing seeds of Triticum durum and T. aestivum and in coleoptiles and coleorhizae of T. durum seedlings were monitored by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. The five genes exhibited clear differences in their accumulation pattern in wheat seed and in response to dehydration, low temperature, salinity and ABA. Td29b, Td16 and Td27e gene transcripts accumulate late in embryogenesis as expected for Lea genes, Td11 gene transcripts were present throughout seed development whereas no Td25a gene transcripts were detected in seeds. Drastic changes in the relative levels of Td29b, Td16, Td27e and Td11 transcripts occurred at the shift between the cell expansion and desiccation phases. All genes except the Td11 gene are more highly induced by dehydration in coleorhizae than in coleoptiles. In contrast, response to low temperature, salinity or ABA is higher in coleoptiles than in coleorhizae. Depending on both the gene and on the type of stress, a wide range of induction levels (8- to 100,000-fold) was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Ali-Benali
- INRA, UMR Polymorphismes d'Intérêt Agronomique (CIRAD/INRA/ENSA), 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, Cedex 01, France
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41
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Kim HS, Lee JH, Kim JJ, Kim CH, Jun SS, Hong YN. Molecular and functional characterization of CaLEA6, the gene for a hydrophobic LEA protein from Capsicum annuum. Gene 2004; 344:115-23. [PMID: 15656978 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2004.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2004] [Revised: 08/31/2004] [Accepted: 09/10/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We used differential screening to isolate a full-length dehydration-responsive cDNA clone encoding a hydrophobic late embryogenesis abundant (LEA)-like protein from PEG-treated hot pepper leaves. Named CaLEA6 (for Capsicum annuum LEA), this gene belongs to the atypical hydrophobic LEA Group 6. The full-length CaLEA6 is 709 bp long with an open reading frame encoding 164 amino acids. It is predicted to produce a highly hydrophobic, but cytoplasmic, protein. The putative M(r) of CaLEA6 protein is 18 kDa, with a theoretical pI of 4.63. Based on our Southern blot analysis, CaLEA6 appears to exist as a small gene family. CaLEA6 was not expressed prior to any treatment, but its transcript was rapidly and greatly increased following trials with PEG, ABA, and NaCl. Chilling also induced its rapid induction, but to a much lesser extent. Accumulation of CaLEA6 protein occurred soon after NaCl applications, but considerably delayed after treatment with PEG. Tobacco plants that overexpressed CaLEA6 showed enhanced tolerance to dehydration and NaCl but not to chilling, as defined by their leaf fresh weights, Chl contents, and the general health status of the leaves. Therefore, we suggest that CaLEA6 protein plays a potentially protective role when water deficit is induced by dehydration and high salinity, but not low temperature.
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MESH Headings
- Abscisic Acid/pharmacology
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Western
- Capsicum/genetics
- Capsicum/metabolism
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/isolation & purification
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects
- Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Plant Proteins/chemistry
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/metabolism
- Plants, Genetically Modified
- Polyethylene Glycols/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Sodium Chloride/pharmacology
- Water/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Sae Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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42
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Brosché M, Schuler MA, Kalbina I, Connor L, Strid A. Gene regulation by low level UV-B radiation: identification by DNA array analysis. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2002; 1:656-64. [PMID: 12665302 DOI: 10.1039/b202659g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UV-B radiation alters transcript levels of various defence genes and photosynthetic genes in plants. Utilising a DNA array with 5000 ESTs and cDNAs from Arabidopsis thaliana, 70 genes were found to show a greater than two-fold induction or repression of transcript levels. Six genes (MEB5.2, PyroA, Ubq3, Lhcb6, F5D21.10 and the gene for an RNA polymerase II subunit) were tested for stress specific gene regulation on northern blots with RNA from plants exposed to low dose UV-B radiation, ozone or wounding. Transcript levels for PyroA, Uhq3 and the gene for a RNA polymerase II subunit were all specifically increased by UV-B. MEB5.2 mRNA levels also rose, whereas Lhcb6 and FSD21.10 transcript levels decreased under all stresses. The PyroA gene product in fungi is needed for biosynthesis of pyridoxine, and might have a role in protection against singlet oxygen. The Ubq3 gene encodes the ubiquitin protein that is attached to proteins destined for degradation. MEB5.2 and F5D21.10 represent novel gene products whose function have not yet been identified. Pairwise comparisons between the UV-B inducible promoters have identified a series of elements present in the MEB5.2 and PyroA promoters, absent from promoters of genes for early phenylpropanoid metabolism and that may be responsible for modulating their UV-B responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Brosché
- Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Göteborg University, P.O. Box 462, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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43
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Dunaeva M, Adamska I. Identification of genes expressed in response to light stress in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana using RNA differential display. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2001; 268:5521-9. [PMID: 11683875 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2001.02471.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The plant cell responds to light stress by the expression of genes encoding specific stress proteins with possible protective functions. Five genes, the mRNA levels of which increased drastically in response to light stress in mature green leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana were identified and isolated by the differential display technique. These genes were designated Lsr1-Lsr5 (light stress-regulated). Northern blot analysis demonstrated that the transcript level of Lsr1-Lsr5 increased 4- to 17-fold under light stress conditions as compared with leaves incubated at low intensity light. Further analysis of the Lsr1-Lsr5 transcript level under cold stress, heat shock, wounding, desiccation, salt stress, oxidative stress and UV-A irradiation showed that the expression of all five genes was triggered by more than one stress factor. Thus, it was expected that isolated genes encode proteins involved in general stress responses. Homology searches revealed that all of the isolated cDNAs were represented in the GenBank in genomic DNAs and expressed sequence tag (EST) cDNA clones. The Lsr1-Lsr4 genes encoded cytoplasmic proteins with assigned identities, such as ERD15 (early responsive to dehydration), ACT2 (actin 2), LEA14 (late embryogenesis abundant) and MT1a (metallothionein class 1a), respectively. Light stress had not yet been reported to induce or enhance the expression of these genes. The Lsr5 clone encoded a novel protein with high similarity to beta-1,3-galactosyltransferases from human and primates predicted to be located in the Golgi body. Three ORFs homologous to the Lsr5 gene were found on chromosome I and IV of Arabidopsis indicating that a multigene family of these proteins exists in plants. The possible role of Lsr gene products in light stress defences is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dunaeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Sweden
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44
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Joubès J, Lemaire-Chamley M, Delmas F, Walter J, Hernould M, Mouras A, Raymond P, Chevalier C. A new C-type cyclin-dependent kinase from tomato expressed in dividing tissues does not interact with mitotic and G1 cyclins. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2001; 126:1403-15. [PMID: 11500540 PMCID: PMC117141 DOI: 10.1104/pp.126.4.1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2001] [Revised: 04/04/2001] [Accepted: 05/01/2001] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) form a conserved superfamily of eukaryotic serine-threonine protein kinases whose activity requires the binding of a cyclin protein. CDKs are involved in many aspects of cell biology and notably in the regulation of the cell cycle. Three cDNAs encoding a C-type CDK, and a member of each B-type CDK subfamily, were isolated from tomato (Lycopsersicon esculentum Mill.) and designated Lyces;CDKC;1 (accession no. AJ294903), Lyces; CDKB1;1 (accession no. AJ297916), and Lyces;CDKB2;1 (accession no. AJ297917). The predicted amino acid sequences displayed the characteristic PITAIRE (CDKC), PPTALRE (CDKB1), and PPTTLRE (CDKB2) motives in the cyclin-binding domain, clearly identifying the type of CDK. The accumulation of all transcripts was associated preferentially with dividing tissues in developing tomato fruit and vegetative organs. In contrast to that of CDKA and CDKBs, the transcription pattern of Lyces;CDKC;1 was shown to be independent of hormone and sugar supply in tomato cell suspension cultures and excised roots. This observation, together with the absence of a patchy expression profile in in situ hybridization experiments, suggests a non-cell cycle regulation of Lyces;CDKC;1. Using a two-hybrid assay, we showed that Lyces;CDKC;1 did not interact with mitotic and G1 cyclins. The role of plant CDKCs in the regulation of cell division and differentiation is discussed with regard to the known function of their animal counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Joubès
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Physiologie et Biotechnologie Végétales, Institut de Biologie Végétale Moléculaire et Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Recherche de Bordeaux, BP 81, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France
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45
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Makarova KS, Aravind L, Wolf YI, Tatusov RL, Minton KW, Koonin EV, Daly MJ. Genome of the extremely radiation-resistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans viewed from the perspective of comparative genomics. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2001; 65:44-79. [PMID: 11238985 PMCID: PMC99018 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.65.1.44-79.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans shows remarkable resistance to a range of damage caused by ionizing radiation, desiccation, UV radiation, oxidizing agents, and electrophilic mutagens. D. radiodurans is best known for its extreme resistance to ionizing radiation; not only can it grow continuously in the presence of chronic radiation (6 kilorads/h), but also it can survive acute exposures to gamma radiation exceeding 1,500 kilorads without dying or undergoing induced mutation. These characteristics were the impetus for sequencing the genome of D. radiodurans and the ongoing development of its use for bioremediation of radioactive wastes. Although it is known that these multiple resistance phenotypes stem from efficient DNA repair processes, the mechanisms underlying these extraordinary repair capabilities remain poorly understood. In this work we present an extensive comparative sequence analysis of the Deinococcus genome. Deinococcus is the first representative with a completely sequenced genome from a distinct bacterial lineage of extremophiles, the Thermus-Deinococcus group. Phylogenetic tree analysis, combined with the identification of several synapomorphies between Thermus and Deinococcus, supports the hypothesis that it is an ancient group with no clear affinities to any of the other known bacterial lineages. Distinctive features of the Deinococcus genome as well as features shared with other free-living bacteria were revealed by comparison of its proteome to the collection of clusters of orthologous groups of proteins. Analysis of paralogs in Deinococcus has revealed several unique protein families. In addition, specific expansions of several other families including phosphatases, proteases, acyltransferases, and Nudix family pyrophosphohydrolases were detected. Genes that potentially affect DNA repair and recombination and stress responses were investigated in detail. Some proteins appear to have been horizontally transferred from eukaryotes and are not present in other bacteria. For example, three proteins homologous to plant desiccation resistance proteins were identified, and these are particularly interesting because of the correlation between desiccation and radiation resistance. Compared to other bacteria, the D. radiodurans genome is enriched in repetitive sequences, namely, IS-like transposons and small intergenic repeats. In combination, these observations suggest that several different biological mechanisms contribute to the multiple DNA repair-dependent phenotypes of this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Makarova
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-4799,USA
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46
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Zegzouti H, Jones B, Frasse P, Marty C, Maitre B, Latch A, Pech JC, Bouzayen M. Ethylene-regulated gene expression in tomato fruit: characterization of novel ethylene-responsive and ripening-related genes isolated by differential display. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1999; 18:589-600. [PMID: 10417710 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.1999.00483.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Differential display was used to isolate early ethylene-regulated genes from late immature green tomato fruit in order to obtain a broader understanding of the molecular basis by which ethylene coordinates the ripening process. Nineteen novel ethylene-responsive (ER) cDNA clones were isolated that fell into three classes: (i) ethylene up-regulated (ii) ethylene down-regulated, and (iii) transiently induced. Expression analysis revealed that ethylene-dependent changes in mRNA accumulation occurred rapidly (15 min) for most of the ER clones. The predicted proteins encoded by the ER genes are putatively involved in processes as diverse as primary metabolism, hormone signalling and stress responses. Although a number of the isolated ER clones correspond to genes already documented in other species, their responsiveness to ethylene is described here for the first time. Among the ER clones sharing high homology with regulatory genes, ER43, a putative GTP-binding protein, and ER50, a CTR1-like clone, are potentially involved in signal transduction. ER24 is homologous to the multi-protein bridging factor MBF1 involved in transcriptional activation, and finally, two clones are homologous to genes involved in post-transcriptional regulation: ER49, a putative translational elongation factor, and ER68, a mRNA helicase-like gene. Six ER clones correspond to as yet unidentified genes. The expression studies indicated that all the ER genes are ripening-regulated, and, depending on the clone, show changes in transcript accumulation either at the breaker, turning, or red stage. Analysis of transcript accumulation in different organs indicated a strong bias towards expression in the fruit for many of the clones. The potential roles for some of the ER clones in propagating the ethylene response and regulating fruit ripening are discussed.
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47
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Baldwin D, Crane V, Rice D. A comparison of gel-based, nylon filter and microarray techniques to detect differential RNA expression in plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 1999; 2:96-103. [PMID: 10322196 DOI: 10.1016/s1369-5266(99)80020-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An initial application of plant genomics has been to monitor gene expression on a scale much larger than previously possible. Although multiplexed assays of RNA abundance have developed more quickly than those for protein and metabolite levels, some combination of these approaches will soon be providing our best views yet into plant molecular biology. Three techniques that have made contributions to the RNA transcript portion of this combination are reviewed. Currently, each can produce a profile of expression levels for a large but incomplete set of plant genes, at reproducibly high levels of accuracy and over a range of labor and financial expenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Baldwin
- Disease Resistance Group, Trait and Technology Development, Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc., 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA 50131-1004,USA.
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48
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Iten M, Hoffmann T, Grill E. Receptors and signalling components of plant hormones. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 1999; 19:41-58. [PMID: 10071749 DOI: 10.3109/10799899909036636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in understanding plant hormonal signalling has resulted in the identification of a variety of signalling components including receptor kinases with homology to the bacterial two component system as well as serine/threonine kinases and protein phosphatases. In addition, the existence of MAP kinase pathways in plants indicates a similar role of these signalling cascades in the relay of exogenous signals into the nucleus as has been disclosed in animal cells. The emerging signalling pathways of the plant hormone abscisic acid and ethylene are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iten
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Technische Universität München, Germany
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49
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Abstract
Recent advances in the study of abscisic acid signal transduction include the identification of cyclic ADP-ribose as a central mediator of abscisic acid responses. The characterisation of type 2C protein phosphatases, ABI1 and ABI2, implicates negative control and redundant action on the signal pathway of this hormone. In addition, abscisic acid-mediated inhibition of gibberellin-stimulated responses seems to depend on the activation of a phospholipase D during induction of alpha-amylase in barley aleurone cells as well as on a putative acetyltransferase involved in elongation growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Grill
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Technische Universität München, Arcisstrasse 16, 80333 Munich, Germany.
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