1
|
Takeda S, Yoza M, Amano T, Ohshima I, Hirano T, Sato MH, Sakamoto T, Kimura S. Comparative transcriptome analysis of galls from four different host plants suggests the molecular mechanism of gall development. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223686. [PMID: 31647845 PMCID: PMC6812778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Galls are plant structures generated by gall–inducing organisms including insects, nematodes, fungi, bacteria and viruses. Those made by insects generally consist of inner callus–like cells surrounded by lignified hard cells, supplying both nutrients and protection to the gall insects living inside. This indicates that gall insects hijack developmental processes in host plants to generate tissues for their own use. Although galls are morphologically diverse, the molecular mechanism for their development remains poorly understood. To identify genes involved in gall development, we performed RNA–sequencing based transcriptome analysis for leaf galls. We examined the young and mature galls of Glochidion obovatum (Phyllanthaceae), induced by the micromoth Caloptilia cecidophora (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), the leaf gall from Eurya japonica (Pentaphylacaceae) induced by Borboryctis euryae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), and the strawberry-shaped leaf gall from Artemisia montana (Asteraceae) induced by gall midge Rhopalomyia yomogicola (Oligotrophini: Cecidomyiidae). Gene ontology (GO) analyses suggested that genes related to developmental processes are up–regulated, whereas ones related to photosynthesis are down–regulated in these three galls. Comparison of transcripts in these three galls together with the gall on leaves of Rhus javanica (Anacardiaceae), induced by the aphid Schlechtendalia chinensis (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea), suggested 38 genes commonly up–regulated in galls from different plant species. GO analysis showed that peptide biosynthesis and metabolism are commonly involved in the four different galls. Our results suggest that gall development involves common processes across gall inducers and plant taxa, providing an initial step towards understanding how they manipulate host plant developmental systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Takeda
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
- Biotechnology Research Department, Kyoto Prefectural Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries Technology Center, Seika, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail: (ST); (SK)
| | - Makiko Yoza
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taisuke Amano
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Issei Ohshima
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hirano
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masa H. Sato
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sakamoto
- Department of Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seisuke Kimura
- Department of Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Industrial Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Ecological Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail: (ST); (SK)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun X, Basnet RK, Yan Z, Bucher J, Cai C, Zhao J, Bonnema G. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis reveals molecular pathways involved in leafy head formation of Chinese cabbage ( Brassica rapa). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:130. [PMID: 31814983 PMCID: PMC6885048 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0212-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Chinese cabbage plants go through seedling and rosette stages before forming their leafy head. Chinese cabbage plants resemble pak-choi plants at their seedling stage, but in their rosette stage the leaves of Chinese cabbage differentiate, as they increase in size with shorter petioles. In order to understand the molecular pathways that play a role in leafy head formation, transcript abundance of young emerging leaves was profiled during development of two Chinese cabbage genotypes and a single pak-choi genotype. The two Chinese cabbages differed in many aspects, among others earliness, leaf size and shape, leaf numbers, and leafy head shape. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis clearly separated the seedling stages of all three genotypes together with the later stages from pak-choi, from the later developmental stages of both Chinese cabbages (rosette, folding, and heading). Weighted correlation network analysis and hierarchical clustering using Euclidean distances resulted in gene clusters with transcript abundance patterns distinguishing the two Chinese cabbages from pak-choi. Three clusters included genes with transcript abundance affected by both genotype and developmental stage, whereas two clusters showed only genotype effects. This included a genotype by developmental stage cluster highly enriched with the MapMan category photosynthesis, with high expression during rosette and folding in Chinese cabbages and low expression in the heading inner leaves that are not exposed to light. The other clusters contained many genes in the MapMan categories Cell, showing again differences between pak-choi and both Chinese cabbages. We discuss how this relates to the differences in leaf blade growth between Chinese cabbage and pak-choi, especially at the rosette stage. Overall, comparison of the transcriptome between leaves of two very different Chinese cabbages with pak-choi during plant development allowed the identification of specific gene categories associated with leafy head formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- XiaoXue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, Department of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708PB The Netherlands
| | - Ram Kumar Basnet
- Quantitative genetics department, Rijk Zwaan Breeding B.V., Eerste Kruisweg 9, Fijnaart, 4793 RS The Netherlands
| | - Zhichun Yan
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708PB The Netherlands
| | - Johan Bucher
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708PB The Netherlands
| | - Chengcheng Cai
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708PB The Netherlands
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, Department of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China
| | - Guusje Bonnema
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, Department of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708PB The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang YH, Acharya A, Burrell AM, Klein RR, Klein PE, Hasenstein KH. Mapping and candidate genes associated with saccharification yield in sorghum. Genome 2013; 56:659-65. [PMID: 24299105 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2013-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a high-yielding, stress tolerant energy crop for lignocellulosic-based biofuel production. Saccharification is a process by which hydrolytic enzymes break down lignocellulosic materials to fermentable sugars for biofuel production, and mapping and identifying genes underlying saccharification yield is an important first step to genetically improve the plant for higher biofuel productivity. In this study, we used the ICRISAT sorghum mini core germplasm collection and 14 739 single nucleotide polymorphism markers to map saccharification yield. Seven marker loci were associated with saccharification yield and five of these loci were syntenic with regions in the maize genome that contain quantitative trait loci underlying saccharification yield and cell wall component traits. Candidate genes from the seven loci were identified but must be validated, with the most promising candidates being β-tubulin, which determines the orientation of cellulose microfibrils in plant secondary cell walls, and NST1, a master transcription factor controlling secondary cell wall biosynthesis in fibers. Other candidate genes underlying the different saccharification loci included genes that play a role in vascular development and suberin deposition in plants. The identified loci and candidate genes provide information into the factors controlling saccharification yield and may facilitate increasing biofuel production in sorghum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hong Wang
- a Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tsukaya H, Byrne ME, Horiguchi G, Sugiyama M, Van Lijsebettens M, Lenhard M. How do 'housekeeping' genes control organogenesis?--Unexpected new findings on the role of housekeeping genes in cell and organ differentiation. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2013; 126:3-15. [PMID: 22922868 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-012-0518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, an increasing number of mutations in what would appear to be 'housekeeping genes' have been identified as having unexpectedly specific defects in multicellular organogenesis. This is also the case for organogenesis in seed plants. Although it is not surprising that loss-of-function mutations in 'housekeeping' genes result in lethality or growth retardation, it is surprising when (1) the mutant phenotype results from the loss of function of a 'housekeeping' gene and (2) the mutant phenotype is specific. In this review, by defining housekeeping genes as those encoding proteins that work in basic metabolic and cellular functions, we discuss unexpected links between housekeeping genes and specific developmental processes. In a surprising number of cases housekeeping genes coding for enzymes or proteins with functions in basic cellular processes such as transcription, post-transcriptional modification, and translation affect plant development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Tsukaya
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Lilley CJ, Urwin PE, Johnston KA, Atkinson HJ. Preferential expression of a plant cystatin at nematode feeding sites confers resistance to Meloidogyne incognita and Globodera pallida. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2004; 2:3-12. [PMID: 17166138 DOI: 10.1046/j.1467-7652.2003.00037.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The expression patterns of three promoters preferentially active in the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana have been investigated in transgenic potato plants in response to plant parasitic nematode infection. Promoter regions from the three genes, TUB-1, ARSK1 and RPL16A were linked to the GUS reporter gene and histochemical staining was used to localize expression in potato roots in response to infection with both the potato cyst nematode, Globodera pallida and the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. All three promoters directed GUS expression chiefly in root tissue and were strongly up-regulated in the galls induced by feeding M. incognita. Less activity was associated with the syncytial feeding cells of the cyst nematode, although the ARSK1 promoter was highly active in the syncytia of G. pallida infecting soil grown plants. Transgenic potato lines that expressed the cystatin OcIDeltaD86 under the control of the three promoters were evaluated for resistance against Globodera sp. in a field trial and against M. incognita in containment. Resistance to Globodera of 70 +/- 4% was achieved with the best line using the ARSK1 promoter with no associated yield penalty. The highest level of partial resistance achieved against M. incognita was 67 +/- 9% using the TUB-1 promoter. In both cases this was comparable to the level of resistance achieved using the constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus 35S (CaMV35S) promoter. The results establish the potential for limiting transgene expression in crop plants whilst maintaining efficacy of the nematode defence.
Collapse
|
7
|
Li XB, Cai L, Cheng NH, Liu JW. Molecular characterization of the cotton GhTUB1 gene that is preferentially expressed in fiber. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2002; 130:666-74. [PMID: 12376634 PMCID: PMC166596 DOI: 10.1104/pp.005538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2002] [Revised: 04/25/2002] [Accepted: 06/11/2002] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Each fiber of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is a single epidermal cell that rapidly elongates to 2.5 to 3.0 cm from the ovule surface within about 16 d after anthesis. A large number of genes are required for fiber differentiation and development, but so far, little is known about how these genes control and regulate the process of fiber development. To investigate gene expression patterns in fiber, a cDNA, GhTUB1, encoding beta-tubulin was isolated from a cotton fiber cDNA library. The analyses of RNA northern-blot hybridization and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that GhTUB1 transcripts preferentially accumulated at high levels in fiber, at low levels in ovules at the early stage of cotton boll development, and at very low levels in other tissues of cotton. The corresponding GhTUB1 gene including the promoter region was isolated by screening a cotton genomic DNA library. To demonstrate the specificity of the GhTUB1 promoter, the 5'-flanking region including the promoter and 5'-untranslated region was fused with the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene. The expression of the reporter chimera was examined in a large number of transgenic cotton plants. Histochemical assays demonstrated that GhTUB1::beta-glucuronidase fusion genes were expressed preferentially at high levels in fiber and primary root tip of 1- to 3-d-old seedlings and at low levels in other tissues such as ovule, pollen, seedling cotyledon, and root basal portion. The results suggested that the GhTUB1 gene may play a distinct and required role in fiber development. In addition, the GhTUB1 promoter may have great potential for cotton improvement by genetic engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Bao Li
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Morello L, Bardini M, Sala F, Breviario D. A long leader intron of the Ostub16 rice beta-tubulin gene is required for high-level gene expression and can autonomously promote transcription both in vivo and in vitro. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2002; 29:33-44. [PMID: 12060225 DOI: 10.1046/j.0960-7412.2001.01192.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A 2 kb DNA fragment, upstream of the rice beta-tubulin isotype 16 (Ostub16) coding sequence, was isolated using inverse PCR and screening of a tubulin-enriched lambda library. An intron (863 bp) present in the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) is spliced out to produce the most abundant mRNA species which corresponds to the previously cloned Ostub16 cDNA. Transient expression assays performed on rice embryogenic calluses with chimeric Ostub16::GUS constructs demonstrated that the entire 2 kb upstream sequence has a strong promoter activity, and that the 863 bp intron is required for high-level GUS expression. In addition, the intron sequence is capable per se of sustaining a weak but consistent GUS expression. Two rare Ostub16 transcripts, with a start site mapping within this intron sequence, were detected in rice coleoptile cells. The transcription start site mapped at position -290 with respect to the ATG codon, and the shorter molecule originated from splicing of the same precursor mRNA. Therefore transcriptional expression of rice beta-tubulin isotype 16 results in the synthesis of two premRNA molecules (I and II) encoding for three different mRNA species. We discuss these findings in terms of function and molecular evolution of the mechanisms that control plant beta-tubulin gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Morello
- Istituto Biosintesi Vegetali, CNR, Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Molecular motors that hydrolyze ATP and use the derived energy to generate force are involved in a variety of diverse cellular functions. Genetic, biochemical, and cellular localization data have implicated motors in a variety of functions such as vesicle and organelle transport, cytoskeleton dynamics, morphogenesis, polarized growth, cell movements, spindle formation, chromosome movement, nuclear fusion, and signal transduction. In non-plant systems three families of molecular motors (kinesins, dyneins, and myosins) have been well characterized. These motors use microtubules (in the case of kinesines and dyneins) or actin filaments (in the case of myosins) as tracks to transport cargo materials intracellularly. During the last decade tremendous progress has been made in understanding the structure and function of various motors in animals. These studies are yielding interesting insights into the functions of molecular motors and the origin of different families of motors. Furthermore, the paradigm that motors bind cargo and move along cytoskeletal tracks does not explain the functions of some of the motors. Relatively little is known about the molecular motors and their roles in plants. In recent years, by using biochemical, cell biological, molecular, and genetic approaches a few molecular motors have been isolated and characterized from plants. These studies indicate that some of the motors in plants have novel features and regulatory mechanisms. The role of molecular motors in plant cell division, cell expansion, cytoplasmic streaming, cell-to-cell communication, membrane trafficking, and morphogenesis is beginning to be understood. Analyses of the Arabidopsis genome sequence database (51% of genome) with conserved motor domains of kinesin and myosin families indicates the presence of a large number (about 40) of molecular motors and the functions of many of these motors remain to be discovered. It is likely that many more motors with novel regulatory mechanisms that perform plant-specific functions are yet to be discovered. Although the identification of motors in plants, especially in Arabidopsis, is progressing at a rapid pace because of the ongoing plant genome sequencing projects, only a few plant motors have been characterized in any detail. Elucidation of function and regulation of this multitude of motors in a given species is going to be a challenging and exciting area of research in plant cell biology. Structural features of some plant motors suggest calcium, through calmodulin, is likely to play a key role in regulating the function of both microtubule- and actin-based motors in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A S Reddy
- Department of Biology and Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Breviario D, Nick P. Plant tubulins: a melting pot for basic questions and promising applications. Transgenic Res 2000; 9:383-93. [PMID: 11206967 DOI: 10.1023/a:1026598710430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Breviario
- Istituto Biosintesi Vegetali CNR, Milano, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Tubulin, the principal component of microtubules, exists as two polypeptides, termed alpha and beta. Seven isotypes of beta tubulin are known to exist in mammals. The distributions of four beta tubulin isotypes, beta(I), beta(II), beta(III), and beta(IV), have been examined in the adult cochlea by indirect immunofluorescence using isotype-specific antibodies. In the organ of Corti, outer hair cells contained only beta(I) and beta(IV), while inner hair cells contained only beta(I) and beta(II). Inner and outer pillar cells contained beta(II) and beta(IV), but Deiters cells contained those isotypes plus beta(I). Fine fibers in the inner spiral bundle, tunnel crossing fibers, and outer spiral fibers, probably efferent in character, contained beta(I), beta(II), and beta(III), but not beta(IV). In the spiral ganglion, the somas and axons of neurons contained all four isotypes, and the myelination of ganglion cells also contained beta(I). Fibers of the intraganglionic spiral bundle contained beta(I), beta(II), and beta(III). No antibody labeled the dendritic processes of spiral ganglion neurons. The differences in isotype distribution in organ of Corti and neurons described here are consistent with and support the multi-tubulin hypothesis, which states that tubulin isotypes are expressed specifically in different cell types and may therefore have different functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Hallworth
- Department of Otolarynology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, 78229-3900, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Growth and development of all plant cells and organs relies on a fully functional cytoskeleton comprised principally of microtubules and microfilaments. These two polymeric macromolecules, because of their location within the cell, confer structure upon, and convey information to, the peripheral regions of the cytoplasm where much of cellular growth is controlled and the formation of cellular identity takes place. Other ancillary molecules, such as motor proteins, are also important in assisting the cytoskeleton to participate in this front-line work of cellular development. Roots provide not only a ready source of cells for fundamental analyses of the cytoskeleton, but the formative zone at their apices also provides a locale whereby experimental studies can be made of how the cytoskeleton permits cells to communicate between themselves and to cooperate with growth-regulating information supplied from the apoplasm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter W. Barlow
- IACR-Long Ashton Research Station, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bristol, Long Ashton, Bristol BS41 9AF, United Kingdom; e-mail: , Botanisches Institut, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; e-mail:
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
|
15
|
Whittaker DJ, Triplett BA. Gene-specific changes in alpha-tubulin transcript accumulation in developing cotton fibers. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1999; 121:181-8. [PMID: 10482673 PMCID: PMC59366 DOI: 10.1104/pp.121.1.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The fibers of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) are single-cell trichomes that undergo rapid and synchronous elongation. Cortical microtubules provide spatial information necessary for the alignment of cellulose microfibrils that confine and regulate cell elongation. We used gene-specific probes to investigate alpha-tubulin transcript levels in elongating cotton fibers. Two discrete patterns of transcript accumulation were observed. Whereas transcripts of alpha-tubulin genes GhTua2/3 and GhTua4 increased in abundance from 10 to 20 d post anthesis (DPA), GhTua1 and GhTua5 transcripts were abundant only through to 14 DPA, and dropped significantly at 16 DPA with the onset of secondary wall synthesis. This is the first report, to our knowledge, of gene-specific changes in tubulin transcript levels during the development of a terminally differentiated plant cell. The decrease in abundance of GhTua1 and GhTua5 transcripts was correlated with pronounced changes in cell wall structure, suggesting that alpha-tubulin isoforms may be functionally distinct in elongating fiber cells. Although total alpha-tubulin transcript levels were much higher in fiber than several other tissues, including the hypocotyl and pollen, none of the alpha-tubulins was specific to fiber cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D J Whittaker
- Cotton Fiber Bioscience, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Okamura S, Okahara K, Iida T, Ozaki M, Asano S, Morita M, Imanaka T. Isotype-specific changes in the amount of beta-tubulin RNA in synchronized tobacco BY2 cells. Cell Struct Funct 1999; 24:117-22. [PMID: 10462173 DOI: 10.1247/csf.24.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The 3'-ends of the beta-tubulin cDNA were amplified from tobacco BY2 polyA+ RNA. According to the differences in the predicted amino acid sequence at the extreme C-terminal, they were grouped into three different isotypes, NTB1 in which "EEGDYYEEDEEDLNEA", NTB2 in which "EEEYYEDEEEA QED" and NTB3 in which "DECEYEEEEEYDHEGN" follows the conservative "YQQYQDATAD" sequence. Using unique 3'-untranslated regions as probes, changes in the RNA levels of each beta-tubulin isotype were determined by dot-blot hybridization. The levels exhibited characteristic rhythms in the cell cycle. NTB1 RNA was highest in S phase in comparison to NTB2 RNA level which was highest in late G2. On the other hand, NTB3 RNA level was highest in early G2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Okamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lu Q, Moore GD, Walss C, Ludueña RF. Structural and functional properties of tubulin isotypes. ADVANCES IN STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1064-6000(98)80012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|