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Rambozzi L, Meneguz PG, Molinar Min AR, Pasquetti M, Peano A. Concurrent Chorioptic Mange and Dermatophytosis in Dairy Goats: A Case Report. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9120677. [PMID: 36548838 PMCID: PMC9782473 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9120677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A concurrent chorioptic mange and dermatophytosis outbreak occurred in a goat flock in northwestern Italy. Sanitation of the flock was obtained following pour-on eprinomectin application at a dose of 1 mg/kg; enilconazole was used for environmental disinfection against dermatophyte spores.
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Gnat S, Łagowski D, Dyląg M, Osińska M, Nowakiewicz A. Airborne dermatophyte propagules concentration in cowsheds as an underestimated reservoir of potential zoonoses. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:544-554. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.15580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Gnat
- University of Life Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12 Lublin Poland
| | - Dominik Łagowski
- University of Life Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12 Lublin Poland
| | - Mariusz Dyląg
- University of Wroclaw Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Mycology and Genetics, Wroclaw Poland
| | - Marcelina Osińska
- University of Life Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12 Lublin Poland
| | - Aneta Nowakiewicz
- University of Life Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12 Lublin Poland
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Segal E, Elad D. Human and Zoonotic Dermatophytoses: Epidemiological Aspects. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:713532. [PMID: 34421872 PMCID: PMC8378940 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.713532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dermatophytes are a group of molds characterized by the ability to produce keratinases, thereby carving out for themselves specific ecological niches. Their traditional division into three genera, Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton has been expanded to nine and the species in each genus were modified. Dermatophytes are among the most prevalent causes of human and animal mycoses. Their epidemiology is influenced by various factors. These factors may be evolutive such as the predilected environment of the fungus, namely, humans (anthropophilic), animals (zoophilic), or environment (geophilic), is evolutionary and thus may require centuries to develop. Many other factors, however, result from a variety of causes, affecting the epidemiology of dermatophytoses within a shorter time frame. Objective This review aims at summarizing the factors that have modified the epidemiology of dermatophytoses during the last decades. Results Geographic and climatic conditions, demography such as age and gender, migration, socio-economic conditions, lifestyle, and the environment have had an impact on changes in the epidemiology of dermatophytoses, as have changes in the pattern of human interaction with animals, including pets, farm, and wild animals. A typical example of such changes is the increased prevalence of Trichophyton tonsurans, which spread from Latin America to the United States and subsequently becoming a frequent etiological agent of tinea capitis in Africa, Middle East, and other areas. Conclusion The comprehension of the epidemiology of dermatophytoses has a major bearing on their prevention and treatment. Since it is undergoing continuous changes, periodic assessments of the most recent developments of this topic are required. This article aims at providing such an overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Segal
- Sackler School of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel Elad
- Department of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
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Ansari S, Hedayati MT, Nouripour-Sisakht S, Rezaei-Matehkolaei A, Jannesar R, Mohammadi H, Fazli Y, Ilkit M, Seyedmousavi S. A 9-Month-Old Girl from Iran with Extensive Erythematous Plaques Due to Trichophyton simii, a Zoophilic Dermatophyte. Mycopathologia 2016; 181:451-5. [PMID: 26767834 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-015-9981-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of dermatophytosis due to Trichophyton simii is generally considered to be limited to endemic areas, particularly one area of India. However, the high similarity between the morphological features of atypical T. simii isolates and those of other dermatophytes such as Trichophyton interdigitale and Arthroderma benhamiae may lead to misidentification of the cause of dermatophytosis in many instances. We investigated a rare case of tinea corporis in a 9-month-old female with extensive erythematous lesions. Morphological features of the recovered isolate from the culture resulted in the identification of Trichophyton interdigitale. For accurate identification, the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS1 and ITS2) of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene were sequenced and the isolate was ultimately identified as T. simii. In conclusion, T. simii, which has been formerly known to be restricted to specific endemic regions, appears to be not infrequent in non-endemic areas but instead simply less well-known and consequently underestimated. To determine its actual prevalence of infection, the application of DNA-based molecular methodologies is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saham Ansari
- Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC)/Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Km 18 Khazarabad Road, P.O. Box 48175-1665, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad T Hedayati
- Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC)/Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Km 18 Khazarabad Road, P.O. Box 48175-1665, Sari, Iran.
| | - Sadegh Nouripour-Sisakht
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Ali Rezaei-Matehkolaei
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ramin Jannesar
- Department of Medical Pathology, School of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Haniyeh Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Yousef Fazli
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Macit Ilkit
- Division of Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi
- Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC)/Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Km 18 Khazarabad Road, P.O. Box 48175-1665, Sari, Iran.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Isolation of Dermatophytes and Related Species from Domestic Fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus). Mycopathologia 2014; 178:135-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-014-9758-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Viegas C, Carolino E, Malta-Vacas J, Sabino R, Viegas S, Veríssimo C. Fungal contamination of poultry litter: a public health problem. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2012; 75:1341-50. [PMID: 23095152 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2012.721165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Although numerous studies have been conducted on microbial contaminants associated with various stages related to poultry and meat products processing, only a few reported on fungal contamination of poultry litter. The goals of this study were to (1) characterize litter fungal contamination and (2) report the incidence of keratinophilic and toxigenic fungi presence. Seven fresh and 14 aged litter samples were collected from 7 poultry farms. In addition, 27 air samples of 25 litters were also collected through impaction method, and after laboratory processing and incubation of collected samples, quantitative colony-forming units (CFU/m³) and qualitative results were obtained. Twelve different fungal species were detected in fresh litter and Penicillium was the most frequent genus found (59.9%), followed by Alternaria (17.8%), Cladosporium (7.1%), and Aspergillus (5.7%). With respect to aged litter, 19 different fungal species were detected, with Penicillium sp. the most frequently isolated (42.3%), followed by Scopulariopsis sp. (38.3%), Trichosporon sp. (8.8%), and Aspergillus sp. (5.5%). A significant positive correlation was found between litter fungal contamination (CFU/g) and air fungal contamination (CFU/m³). Litter fungal quantification and species identification have important implications in the evaluation of potential adverse health risks to exposed workers and animals. Spreading of poultry litter in agricultural fields is a potential public health concern, since keratinophilic (Scopulariopsis and Fusarium genus) as well as toxigenic fungi (Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium genus) were isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Viegas
- Higher School of Health Technologies of Lisbon-IPL, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Yildirim M, Cinar M, Ocal N, Yagci B, Askar S. Prevalence of Clinical Dermatophytosis and Oxidative Stress in Cattle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/javaa.2010.1978.1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Zarei Mahmoudabadi A, Yaghoobi R. Tinea corporis due to Trichophyton simii - a first case from Iran. Med Mycol 2009; 46:857-9. [PMID: 18798048 DOI: 10.1080/13693780802368938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A 25-year-old man was examined for tinea corporis. Microscopic examination of direct 10% KOH mount of skin scraping revealed the presence of hyaline, septate, branching hyphae. Cultures inoculated with portions of skin scrapings yielded, after two weeks Trichophyton simii. The identification of the fungus was based on colony morphology on mycobiotic agar and microscopic characteristics on slide cultures. Microscopic features of T. simii were cylindrical, 3-7 celled, thin-walled macroconidia. In older culture, macroconidia converted into chlamydospores, which is an important characteristic of T. simii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zarei Mahmoudabadi
- Department of Medical Mycoparasitology, School of Medicine, Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Polar P, Moore D, Kairo MTK, Ramsubhag A. Topically applied myco-acaricides for the control of cattle ticks: overcoming the challenges. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2008; 46:119-148. [PMID: 18584131 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-008-9170-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2007] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the absence of commercially viable and environmentally friendly options, the management of cattle ticks is heavily dependent on the use of chemical acaricides. Due to recent advances in production, formulation and application technology, commercial fungus-based biological pesticides (myco-insecticides, myco-acaricides) are becoming increasingly popular for the control of plant pests; however, they have not been used against animal ectoparasites. The literature clearly demonstrates that entomopathogenic fungi are pathogenic to ticks under laboratory conditions. Pasture applications have also shown promise while experiments on topical application have had variable results. These results suggest that major research hurdles still exist especially for the latter. Although literature on ticks and their interactions with entomopathogenic fungi exists, there is not a clear understanding on how this can be influenced by the microenvironment of the cattle skin surface. This paper critically reviews pathogen, tick target and host skin microenvironmental factors that potentially affect pathogenicity of the applied entomopathogen. Factors influencing the route of infection for topically applied myco-acaricides are also reviewed. Major researchable constraints and recommendations are identified and prioritized. In particular, there is the need for basic studies to understand the interaction of entomopathogenic fungi with the components of the skin microenvironment, to identify suitable strains, and to develop improved formulations to overcome the various challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perry Polar
- CABI, Caribbean and Latin America, Curepe, Trinidad and Tobago.
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Papini R, Nardoni S, Fanelli A, Mancianti F. High infection rate of Trichophyton verrucosum in calves from Central Italy. Zoonoses Public Health 2008; 56:59-64. [PMID: 18705659 DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2008.01157.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent epidemiological features of the zoonotic dermatophyte Trichophyton verrucosum were investigated in 294 calves from 20 farms located in Central Italy. By the combination of microscopic examinations and fungal cultures, the total prevalence rate of T. verrucosum infection was found to be high, with 87.7% of samples yielding positive results and 100% of farms being infected. Farm to farm prevalence of infection varied from 25% to 100% of the examined calves. Prevalence rates were higher in females than males (91.6% versus 84%), in >3-< or =6 than >6-< or =9 month old calves (89.8% versus 85.7%), in purebred than in crossbred (88.5% versus 81.8%), and in symptomatic than asymptomatic ones (95.7% versus 80.4%). T. verrucosum was as prevalent in semi-intensive as in intensive breeding system (88.2% versus 87.6%) but more prevalent in calves raised for meat rather than milk production (91.1% versus 84.9%), and reared under conventional than organic production management system (89.3% versus 82.6%). Prevalence rates were also higher when the cattle present in the farm were of mixed origin, rather than when the whole stock was purchased or was born in the farm (92% versus 88.2% and 85.7%), when other cattle in the farm were showing skin signs (90% versus 84.2%), and at least one case of human ringworm was recorded in the farm (90.9% versus 86.1%). No statistically significant association was found. Therefore, T. verrucosum infection may be more widespread in calves from Central Italy than it was previously thought to be. Calves of any sex, breed, age, and of any of the farm condition considered, are highly exposed to the risk of infection. As calves may play a considerable role as reservoirs of the infection, our results highlight the need to determine the incidence and the importance of T. verrucosum ringworm in personnel involved with cattle care in Italy and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Papini
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Profilassi ed Igiene degli Alimenti, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Peano A, Tizzani P, Gallo MG, Molinar Min A, Rambozzi L, Meneguz PG. Dermatophytosis due to Trichophyton verrucosum in a chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra). EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-007-0120-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Anbu P, Hilda A, Gopinath SCB. Keratinophilic fungi of poultry farm and feather dumping soil in Tamil Nadu, India. Mycopathologia 2004; 158:303-9. [PMID: 15645172 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-004-3465-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2003] [Accepted: 07/14/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Soils of 10 poultry farms from Namakkal and 12 feather dumping sites from Chennai were studied for the presence of keratinophilic fungi. A total of 34 species belonging to 19 genera and one non-sporulating fungus were recovered. Sixteen species of fungi and one non-sporulating fungi were common to both sites, eight species were specific to Namakkal and nine species were specific to Chennai. Dermatophytes and closely related fungi were represented by six species belonging to five genera. Fungal species commonly found in the soil samples included Chrysosporium keratinophilum (73%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (68.2%), Microsporum gypseum (64%), Myceliopthora vellerea (32%), Chrysosporium state of Arthroderma tuberculatum (27.3%) and Geomyces pannorum (23%). Non-dermatophyte fungi were represented by 28 species belonging to 14 genera and one non-sporulating fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Periasamy Anbu
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, 600 025, Chennai, India.
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Xylouri-Frangiadaki E, Papadopoulou CV, Bryoni G. Can zinc be used for the treatment of Microsporum gypseum dermatitis in man as well as in sheep? Int J Antimicrob Agents 2002; 20:230-1. [PMID: 12385705 DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(02)00170-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Muhsin TM, Salih TH. Exocellular enzyme activity of dermatophytes and other fungi isolated from ruminants in Southern Iraq. Mycopathologia 2001; 150:49-52. [PMID: 11407490 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010854322655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Sixteen fungal species were isolated from 182 specimens collected from four ruminants (buffalo, camel, cattle and sheep) in Southern Iraq. Fungi represented by five species of dermatophytes and eleven species of other fungi were screened for the activity of four enzymes: keratinase. proteinase, lipase and amylase. Keratinase was found to be produced by all of the dermatophytes and non-dermatophytes, except for Paecillomyces variottii and Scytalidium lignicola. However, high keratinase activity was expressed by the dermatophytic species particularly by Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. erinacei and Microsporum gypseum. Three dermatophytes viz. M. gypseum, T verrucosum and T. mentagrophytes var. nodulare were capable of producing protease, lipase and amylase. Although, T. mentagrophytes var. erinacei showed high protease activity, it did not produce lipase and amylase. On the contrary most of the non-dermatophytic species revealed protease and lipase activities higher than the dermatophytes. The Curvularia spp. isolates showed the highest protease and amylase activity, while Aspergillus parasiticus revealed the highest activity of lipase andamylase. No correlation was observed between enzyme activity and the growth rate of the examined fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Muhsin
- Biology Department, Education College, Basrah University, Iraq
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