1
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Huang D, Ding LS, Yuan FY, Wu SQ, Weng HZ, Tian XQ, Tang GH, Fan CQ, Gao X, Yin S. Discovering a New Okadaic Acid Derivative, a Potent HIV Latency Reversing Agent from Prorocentrum lima PL11: Isolation, Structural Modification, and Mechanistic Study. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21030158. [PMID: 36976207 PMCID: PMC10058201 DOI: 10.3390/md21030158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine toxins (MTs) are a group of structurally complex natural products with unique toxicological and pharmacological activities. In the present study, two common shellfish toxins, okadaic acid (OA) (1) and OA methyl ester (2), were isolated from the cultured microalgae strain Prorocentrum lima PL11. OA can significantly activate the latent HIV but has severe toxicity. To obtain more tolerable and potent latency reversing agents (LRAs), we conducted the structural modification of OA by esterification, yielding one known compound (3) and four new derivatives (4–7). Flow cytometry-based HIV latency reversal activity screening showed that compound 7 possessed a stronger activity (EC50 = 46 ± 13.5 nM) but was less cytotoxic than OA. The preliminary structure–activity relationships (SARs) indicated that the carboxyl group in OA was essential for activity, while the esterification of carboxyl or free hydroxyls were beneficial for reducing cytotoxicity. A mechanistic study revealed that compound 7 promotes the dissociation of P-TEFb from the 7SK snRNP complex to reactivate latent HIV-1. Our study provides significant clues for OA-based HIV LRA discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Huang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lian-Shuai Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Fang-Yu Yuan
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shu-Qi Wu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Han-Zhuang Weng
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Tian
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Gui-Hua Tang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cheng-Qi Fan
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China
- Correspondence: (C.-Q.F.); (X.G.); (S.Y.)
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Correspondence: (C.-Q.F.); (X.G.); (S.Y.)
| | - Sheng Yin
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Correspondence: (C.-Q.F.); (X.G.); (S.Y.)
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2
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Physiological and Clinical Aspects of Bioactive Peptides from Marine Animals. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11051021. [PMID: 35624884 PMCID: PMC9137753 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11051021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological molecules in nutraceuticals and functional foods have proven physiological properties to treat human chronic diseases. These molecules contribute to applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries by preventing food spoilage and cellular injury. Technological advancement in the screening and characterization of bioactive peptides has enabled scientists to understand the associated molecules. Consistent collaboration among nutritionists, pharmacists, food scientists, and bioengineers to find new bioactive compounds with higher therapeutic potential against nutrition-related diseases highlights the potential of the bioactive peptides for food and pharmaceutic industries. Among the popular dietary supplements, marine animals have always been considered imperative due to their rich nutritional values and byproduct use in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The bioactive peptides isolated from marine animals are well-known for their higher bioactivities against human diseases. The physiological properties of fish-based hydrolyzed proteins and peptides have been claimed through in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials. However, systematic study on the physiological and clinical significance of these bioactive peptides is scarce. In this review, we not only discuss the physiological and clinical significance of antioxidant and anticancer peptides derived from marine animals, but we also compare their biological activities through existing in vitro and in vivo studies.
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3
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Singh SB. Discovery and Development of Dolastatin 10-Derived Antibody Drug Conjugate Anticancer Drugs. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:666-687. [PMID: 35072477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Dolastatin 10 is an extremely potent broad-spectrum antitubulin anticancer pentapeptide isolated from Dolabella auricularia. The two-dimensional structure was elucidated by NMR and mass spectrometric analyses. The absolute configuration was determined by a convergent total synthesis. SAR studies established that modifications at C- and N-terminals were tolerated for cytotoxic activity. Human clinical trials of dolastatin 10 and auristatin PE (a C-terminal analog) showed occasional signs of efficacy but failed due to lack of separation of toxicity and efficacy. Nanomolar cytotoxicity helped transition this class of pentapeptides to the next phase of development as antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) by reducing systemic toxicity. Four ADC drugs (Adcetris, Padcev, Polivy, and Blenrep) carrying monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE, vedotin) and monomethyl auristatin F (MMAF, mafodotin) payloads have been approved for treatment of a number of cancers expressing antibody-specific antigens. More than 36 ADCs carrying a variety of pentapeptide analogues are undergoing preclinical and clinical developments. They are being evaluated in more than 200 human trials. A comprehensive review of the discovery, total synthesis of dolastatin 10 and new amino acids, SAR studies of dolastatin 10 and auristatins, conjugations to antibodies, and preclinical and clinical development of ADCs have been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheo B Singh
- SBS Pharma Consulting LLC, Edison, New Jersey 08820, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
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4
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Hartmann RW, Fahrner R, Shevshenko D, Fyrknäs M, Larsson R, Lehmann F, Odell LR. Rational Design of Azastatin as a Potential ADC Payload with Reduced Bystander Killing. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:2500-2512. [PMID: 33063934 PMCID: PMC7756782 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Auristatins are a class of ultrapotent microtubule inhibitors, whose growing clinical popularity in oncology is based upon their use as payloads in antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). The most widely utilized auristatin, MMAE, has however been shown to cause apoptosis in non-pathological cells proximal to the tumour ("bystander killing"). Herein, we introduce azastatins, a new class of auristatin derivatives encompassing a side chain amine for antibody conjugation. The synthesis of Cbz-azastatin methyl ester, which included the C2-elongation and diastereoselective reduction of two proteinogenic amino acids as key transformations, was accomplished in 22 steps and 0.76 % overall yield. While Cbz-protected azastatin methyl ester (0.13-3.0 nM) inhibited proliferation more potently than MMAE (0.47-6.5 nM), removal of the Cbz-group yielded dramatically increased IC50 -values (9.8-170 nM). We attribute the reduced apparent cytotoxicity of the deprotected azastatin methyl esters to a lack of membrane permeability. These results clearly establish the azastatins as a novel class of cytotoxic payloads ideally suited for use in next-generation ADC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael W. Hartmann
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryUppsala UniversityBox 57475123UppsalaSweden
| | - Raphael Fahrner
- Synthesis DivisionRecipharm OT ChemistryVirdings allé 32b75450UppsalaSweden
| | - Denys Shevshenko
- Synthesis DivisionRecipharm OT ChemistryVirdings allé 32b75450UppsalaSweden
| | - Mårten Fyrknäs
- Department of Medical SciencesCancer Pharmacology and Computational MedicineUppsala UniversityUniversity Hospital75185UppsalaSweden
| | - Rolf Larsson
- Department of Medical SciencesCancer Pharmacology and Computational MedicineUppsala UniversityUniversity Hospital75185UppsalaSweden
| | - Fredrik Lehmann
- Synthesis DivisionRecipharm OT ChemistryVirdings allé 32b75450UppsalaSweden
| | - Luke R. Odell
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryUppsala UniversityBox 57475123UppsalaSweden
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5
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Akaiwa M, Dugal-Tessier J, Mendelsohn BA. Antibody-Drug Conjugate Payloads; Study of Auristatin Derivatives. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2020; 68:201-211. [PMID: 32115527 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Auristatins are important payloads used in antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), and the most well-known compound family member, monomethyl auristatin (MMAE), is used in two Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved ADCs, Adcetris® and Polivy®. Multiple other auristatin-based ADCs are currently being evaluated in human clinical trials and further studies on this class of molecule are underway by several academic and industrial research groups. Our group's main focus is to investigate the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of novel auristatins with the goal of applying these to next generation ADCs. Modifications of the auristatin backbone scaffold have been widely reported in the chemical literature focusing on the terminal subunits: P1 (N-terminus) and P5 (C-terminus). Our approach was to modulate the activity and hydrophilic character through modifications of the central subunits P2-P3-P4 and thorough SAR study on the P5 subunit. Novel hydrophilic auristatins were observed to have greater potency in vitro and displayed enhanced in vivo antitumor activity when conjugated via protease-cleavable linkers and delivered intracellularly. Analysis of ADC aggregation also indicated that novel hydrophilic payloads enabled the synthesis of high-drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) ADCs that were resistant to aggregation. Modification of the central peptide subunits also resulted in auristatins with potent cytotoxic activity in vitro and these azide-modified auristatins contain a handle for linker attachment from the central portion of the auristatin backbone.
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6
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Barreca M, Stathis A, Barraja P, Bertoni F. An overview on anti-tubulin agents for the treatment of lymphoma patients. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 211:107552. [PMID: 32305312 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Anti-tubulin agents constitute a large class of compounds with broad activity both in solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, due to the interference with microtubule dynamics. Since microtubules play crucial roles in the regulation of the mitotic spindles, the interference with their function usually leads to a block in cell division with arrest at the metaphase/anaphase junction of mitosis, followed to apoptosis. This explains the reason why tubulin-binding agents (TBAs) proved to be extremely active in patients with cancer. Several anti-tubulin agents are indicated in the treatment of patients with lymphomas both alone and in combination chemotherapy regimens. The article reviews the literature on classic and more recent anti-tubulin agents, providing an insight into their mechanisms of action and their use in the treatment of lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Barreca
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Anastasios Stathis
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland,; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Paola Barraja
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland,; Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland,.
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7
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Cheng X, Li J, Tanaka K, Majumder U, Milinichik AZ, Verdi AC, Maddage CJ, Rybinski KA, Fernando S, Fernando D, Kuc M, Furuuchi K, Fang F, Uenaka T, Grasso L, Albone EF. MORAb-202, an Antibody-Drug Conjugate Utilizing Humanized Anti-human FRα Farletuzumab and the Microtubule-targeting Agent Eribulin, has Potent Antitumor Activity. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:2665-2675. [PMID: 30262588 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule-targeting agents (MTA) have been investigated for many years as payloads for antibody-drug conjugates (ADC). In many cases, these ADCs have shown limited benefits due to lack of efficacy or significant toxicity, which has spurred continued investigation into novel MTA payloads for next-generation ADCs. In this study, we have developed ADCs using the MTA eribulin, a derivative of the macrocyclic polyether natural product halichondrin B, as a payload. Eribulin ADCs demonstrated in vitro potency and specificity using various linkers and two different conjugation approaches. MORAb-202 is an investigational agent that consists of the humanized anti-human folate receptor alpha (FRA) antibody farletuzumab conjugated via reduced interchain disulfide bonds to maleimido-PEG2-valine-citrulline-p-aminobenzylcarbamyl-eribulin at a drug-to-antibody ratio of 4.0. MORAb-202 displayed preferable biophysical properties and broad potency across a number of FRA-positive tumor cell lines as well as demonstrated improved specificity in vitro compared with farletuzumab conjugated with a number of other MTA payloads, including MMAE, MMAF, and the reducible maytansine linker-payload sulfo-SPDB-DM4. A single-dose administration of MORAb-202 in FRA-positive human tumor cell line xenograft and patient-derived tumor xenograft models elicited a robust and durable antitumor response. These data support further investigation of MORAb-202 as a potential new treatment modality for FRA-positive cancers, using the novel MTA eribulin as a payload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry Discovery, Oncology Biologics Laboratories, Oncology Business Group, Eisai Inc, Exton, Pennsylvania
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Translational Chemistry, Eisai AiM Institute, Eisai Inc., Andover, Massachusetts
| | - Keigo Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry Research, Eisai Co. Ltd., Tsukuba-Shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Utpal Majumder
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Eisai AiM Institute, Eisai Inc., Andover, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew Z Milinichik
- Department of Biochemistry Discovery, Oncology Biologics Laboratories, Oncology Business Group, Eisai Inc, Exton, Pennsylvania
| | - Arielle C Verdi
- Department of Biochemistry Discovery, Oncology Biologics Laboratories, Oncology Business Group, Eisai Inc, Exton, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher J Maddage
- Department of Preclinical Development, Oncology Biologics Laboratories, Oncology Business Group, Eisai Inc, Exton, Pennsylvania
| | - Katherine A Rybinski
- Department of Preclinical Development, Oncology Biologics Laboratories, Oncology Business Group, Eisai Inc, Exton, Pennsylvania
| | - Shawn Fernando
- Department of Bioanalytical Development, Oncology Biologics Laboratories, Oncology Business Group, Eisai Inc, Exton, Pennsylvania
| | - Danielle Fernando
- Department of Bioanalytical Development, Oncology Biologics Laboratories, Oncology Business Group, Eisai Inc, Exton, Pennsylvania
| | - Megan Kuc
- Department of Bioanalytical Development, Oncology Biologics Laboratories, Oncology Business Group, Eisai Inc, Exton, Pennsylvania
| | - Keiji Furuuchi
- Department of Preclinical Development, Oncology Biologics Laboratories, Oncology Business Group, Eisai Inc, Exton, Pennsylvania
| | - Frank Fang
- Department of Translational Chemistry, Eisai AiM Institute, Eisai Inc., Andover, Massachusetts
| | - Toshimitsu Uenaka
- Department of Preclinical Development, Oncology Biologics Laboratories, Oncology Business Group, Eisai Inc, Exton, Pennsylvania
| | - Luigi Grasso
- Department of Discovery Research, Morphotek Inc., Exton, Pennsylvania
| | - Earl F Albone
- Department of Biochemistry Discovery, Oncology Biologics Laboratories, Oncology Business Group, Eisai Inc, Exton, Pennsylvania.
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8
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Akaiwa M, Martin T, Mendelsohn BA. Synthesis and Evaluation of Linear and Macrocyclic Dolastatin 10 Analogues Containing Pyrrolidine Ring Modifications. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:5212-5221. [PMID: 30023909 PMCID: PMC6045487 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Because of their potent cytotoxic activity, members of the auristatin family (synthetic analogues of the naturally occurring dolastatin 10) have remained a target of significant research, most notably in the context of antibody drug conjugate payloads. Typically, modifications of the backbone scaffold of dolastatin 10 have focused on variations of the N-terminal (P1) and C-terminal (P5) subunits. Scant attention has been paid thus far to the P4 subunit in the scientific literature. In this paper, we introduce an azide functional group at the P4 subunit, resulting in potent cytotoxic activity seen in vitro. Another highly active compound in this study contained azide functional groups in both the P2 and P4 subunits and required dolavaline as the P1 subunit and a phenylalanine as the P5 subunit. Furthermore, these two azide groups served not only as modifiers of cytotoxicity but also as handles for linker attachment or as a tether for use in the synthesis of a macrocyclic analogue.
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9
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Zhou W, Nie XD, Zhang Y, Si CM, Zhou Z, Sun X, Wei BG. A practical approach to asymmetric synthesis of dolastatin 10. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:6119-6131. [PMID: 28682414 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01395g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dolastatin 10, an antineoplastic agent for cancer chemotherapy, is a linear peptide possessing N,N-dimethyl Val-OH, l-valine, (3R,4S,5S)-dolaisoleucine, (2R,3R,4S)-dolaproine and (S)-dolaphenine. Our efficient synthesis includes the following three key features: (1) SmI2-induced cross-coupling was employed to couple aldehyde 11 with (S)-N-tert-butanesulfinyl imine 12 to generate the required stereocenters of Dap (7); (2) asymmetric addition of chiral N-sulfinyl imine 10 provided a straightforward approach to the synthesis of the protected Doe ((S,S)-8); (3) a practical method to the key subunit Val-Dil (24a) has been established as an alternative synthetic route for the synthesis of this challenging chemical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xiao-Di Nie
- School of Pharmacy and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Energy, Xiangan campus of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Chang-Mei Si
- School of Pharmacy and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Zhu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xun Sun
- School of Pharmacy and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Bang-Guo Wei
- School of Pharmacy and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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10
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Dugal-Tessier J, Barnscher SD, Kanai A, Mendelsohn BA. Synthesis and Evaluation of Dolastatin 10 Analogues Containing Heteroatoms on the Amino Acid Side Chains. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:2484-2491. [PMID: 28885014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic analogues of the natural occurring dolastatin 10 are of great interest in cancer due to their potent in vitro activity and their uses as payloads in antibody drug conjugates (ADCs). Modification of the dolastatin 10 core scaffold has mainly focused on modifications of the P1, N-terminus, and P5, C-terminus, with minimal attention to the P2 subunit. In this paper we discuss the introduction of heteroatoms to the P2 side chain, which results in potent activity in vitro. The most active compounds contained azides in the P2 unit and required a phenylalanine-derived P5 subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Dugal-Tessier
- Agensys Inc., an affiliate of Astellas Pharma Inc. , 1800 Stewart Street, Santa Monica, California 90404, United States
| | - Stuart D Barnscher
- Agensys Inc., an affiliate of Astellas Pharma Inc. , 1800 Stewart Street, Santa Monica, California 90404, United States
| | - Akira Kanai
- Agensys Inc., an affiliate of Astellas Pharma Inc. , 1800 Stewart Street, Santa Monica, California 90404, United States
| | - Brian A Mendelsohn
- Agensys Inc., an affiliate of Astellas Pharma Inc. , 1800 Stewart Street, Santa Monica, California 90404, United States
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11
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Sacco PC, Gridelli C. An update on the developing mitotic inhibitors for the treatment of non-small cell carcinoma. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2017; 22:213-222. [PMID: 28836854 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2017.1369952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitosis is necessary to sustain life and is followed immediately by cell division into two daughter cells. Microtubules play a key role in the formation of the mitotic spindle apparatus and cytokinesis at the end of mitosis. Various anti-microtubule agents such as taxanes and vinca alkaloids are widely used in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) but their use is associated with hematologic toxicity profile, acquired resistance and hypersensitivity reactions. Areas covered: The Nab-paclitaxels are the more recent antimitotic agents approved in NSCLC showing a better tolerability and activity when compared to previous ones. Despite this, the outcome of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer is poor. Due to the key role of mitosis, research is focused on the identification of new mitotic drug targets other than microtubule inhibitors, such as cell cycle targets, aurora kinases and Polo-like kinases. Expert opinion: Despite improvements in chemotherapeutic choices and supportive care, the majority of patients experience a deteriorating quality of life and significant toxicities associated to a poor outcome. Thus, the therapeutic management of patients with advanced NSCLC represents an ongoing challenge and novel agents targeting mitosis are under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cesare Gridelli
- a Division of Medical Oncology , 'S.G. Moscati' Hospital , Avellino , Italy
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12
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Tubulin Inhibitor-Based Antibody-Drug Conjugates for Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22081281. [PMID: 28763044 PMCID: PMC6152078 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a class of highly potent biopharmaceutical drugs generated by conjugating cytotoxic drugs with specific monoclonal antibodies through appropriate linkers. Specific antibodies used to guide potent warheads to tumor tissues can effectively reduce undesired side effects of the cytotoxic drugs. An in-depth understanding of antibodies, linkers, conjugation strategies, cytotoxic drugs, and their molecular targets has led to the successful development of several approved ADCs. These ADCs are powerful therapeutics for cancer treatment, enabling wider therapeutic windows, improved pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties, and enhanced efficacy. Since tubulin inhibitors are one of the most successful cytotoxic drugs in the ADC armamentarium, this review focuses on the progress in tubulin inhibitor-based ADCs, as well as lessons learned from the unsuccessful ADCs containing tubulin inhibitors. This review should be helpful to facilitate future development of new generations of tubulin inhibitor-based ADCs for cancer therapy.
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13
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Mendelsohn BA, Barnscher SD, Snyder JT, An Z, Dodd JM, Dugal-Tessier J. Investigation of Hydrophilic Auristatin Derivatives for Use in Antibody Drug Conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:371-381. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian A. Mendelsohn
- Agensys Inc. an affiliate
of Astellas Pharma Inc., 1800 Stewart
Street, Santa Monica, California 90404, United States
| | - Stuart D. Barnscher
- Agensys Inc. an affiliate
of Astellas Pharma Inc., 1800 Stewart
Street, Santa Monica, California 90404, United States
| | - Josh T. Snyder
- Agensys Inc. an affiliate
of Astellas Pharma Inc., 1800 Stewart
Street, Santa Monica, California 90404, United States
| | - Zili An
- Agensys Inc. an affiliate
of Astellas Pharma Inc., 1800 Stewart
Street, Santa Monica, California 90404, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Dodd
- Agensys Inc. an affiliate
of Astellas Pharma Inc., 1800 Stewart
Street, Santa Monica, California 90404, United States
| | - Julien Dugal-Tessier
- Agensys Inc. an affiliate
of Astellas Pharma Inc., 1800 Stewart
Street, Santa Monica, California 90404, United States
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14
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Stabilizing versus destabilizing the microtubules: a double-edge sword for an effective cancer treatment option? Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2015; 2015:690916. [PMID: 26484003 PMCID: PMC4592889 DOI: 10.1155/2015/690916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are dynamic and structural cellular components involved in several cell functions, including cell shape, motility, and intracellular trafficking. In proliferating cells, they are essential components in the division process through the formation of the mitotic spindle. As a result of these functions, tubulin and microtubules are targets for anticancer agents. Microtubule-targeting agents can be divided into two groups: microtubule-stabilizing, and microtubule-destabilizing agents. The former bind to the tubulin polymer and stabilize microtubules, while the latter bind to the tubulin dimers and destabilize microtubules. Alteration of tubulin-microtubule equilibrium determines the disruption of the mitotic spindle, halting the cell cycle at the metaphase-anaphase transition and, eventually, resulting in cell death. Clinical application of earlier microtubule inhibitors, however, unfortunately showed several limits, such as neurological and bone marrow toxicity and the emergence of drug-resistant tumor cells. Here we review several natural and synthetic microtubule-targeting agents, which showed antitumor activity and increased efficacy in comparison to traditional drugs in various preclinical and clinical studies. Cryptophycins, combretastatins, ombrabulin, soblidotin, D-24851, epothilones and discodermolide were used in clinical trials. Some of them showed antiangiogenic and antivascular activity and others showed the ability to overcome multidrug resistance, supporting their possible use in chemotherapy.
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Beesoo R, Neergheen-Bhujun V, Bhagooli R, Bahorun T. Apoptosis inducing lead compounds isolated from marine organisms of potential relevance in cancer treatment. Mutat Res 2014; 768:84-97. [PMID: 24685981 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a critical defense mechanism against the formation and progression of cancer and exhibits distinct morphological and biochemical traits. Targeting apoptotic pathways becomes an intriguing strategy for the development of chemotherapeutic agents particularly if the process is selective to cancer cells. Marine natural products have become important sources in the discovery of antitumour drugs, especially when recent technological and methodological advances have increased the scope of investigations of marine organisms. A high number of individual compounds from diverse organisms have induced apoptosis in several tumour cell lines via a number of mechanisms. Here, we review the effects of selected marine natural products and their synthetic derivatives on apoptosis signalling pathways in association with their pharmacological properties. Providing an outlook into the future, we also examine the factors that contribute to new discoveries and the difficulties associated with translating marine-derived compounds into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Beesoo
- ANDI Centre of Excellence for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius; Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius; Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius
| | - Vidushi Neergheen-Bhujun
- ANDI Centre of Excellence for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius; Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius
| | - Ranjeet Bhagooli
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius
| | - Theeshan Bahorun
- ANDI Centre of Excellence for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius.
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Gerber HP, Koehn FE, Abraham RT. The antibody-drug conjugate: an enabling modality for natural product-based cancer therapeutics. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:625-39. [PMID: 23525375 DOI: 10.1039/c3np20113a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Antibody Drug Conjugate (ADC) is a therapeutic modality consisting of a monoclonal antibody attached to a cytotoxic, small-molecule payload. The antibody portion of the ADC serves as a transport vehicle that recognizes and binds to a protein antigen expressed in tumor tissues. The localized delivery and release of the payload within or near malignant cells allows for targeted delivery of a potent cytotoxic agent to diseased tissue, while reducing damage to antigen-negative, normal tissues. Recent years have witnessed an explosive increase in ADC-based therapies, due mainly to clinical reports of activity in both hematologic and epithelial cancers. Accompanying this upsurge in ADC development is a renewed interest in natural product cytotoxins, which are typically highly potent cell-killing agents, but suffer from poor drug-like properties and narrow safety margins when systemically administered as conventional chemotherapeutics. In this review, we discuss recent advances related to the construction of ADCs, the optimization of ADC safety and efficacy, and the increasingly pivotal roles of natural product payloads in the current and future landscape of ADC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Peter Gerber
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Oncology Research Unit, 401 Middletown Road, Pearl River, NY, USA.
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Chatterjee J, Rechenmacher F, Kessler H. N-methylation of peptides and proteins: an important element for modulating biological functions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 52:254-69. [PMID: 23161799 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
N-Methylation is one of the simplest chemical modifications often occurring in peptides and proteins of prokaryotes and higher eukaryotes. Over years of evolution, nature has employed N-methylation of peptides as an ingenious technique to modulate biological function, often as a mode of survival through the production of antibiotics. This small structural change can not only mobilize large protein complexes (as in the histone methylation), but also inhibits the action of enzymes by selective recognition of protein-protein interaction surfaces. In recent years through the advancement in synthetic approaches, the potential of N-methylation has begun to be revealed, not only in modulating biological activity and selectivity as well as pharmacokinetic properties of peptides, but also in delivering novel drugs. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge of the versatility of N-methylation in modulating biological, structural, and pharmacokinetic properties of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Chatterjee
- Genome biology unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
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Chatterjee J, Rechenmacher F, Kessler H. N-Methylierung von Peptiden und Proteinen: ein wichtiges Element für die Regulation biologischer Funktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201205674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dosio F, Brusa P, Cattel L. Immunotoxins and anticancer drug conjugate assemblies: the role of the linkage between components. Toxins (Basel) 2011; 3:848-83. [PMID: 22069744 PMCID: PMC3202854 DOI: 10.3390/toxins3070848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 07/02/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotoxins and antibody-drug conjugates are protein-based drugs combining a target-specific binding domain with a cytotoxic domain. Such compounds are potentially therapeutic against diseases including cancer, and several clinical trials have shown encouraging results. Although the targeted elimination of malignant cells is an elegant concept, there are numerous practical challenges that limit conjugates’ therapeutic use, including inefficient cellular uptake, low cytotoxicity, and off-target effects. During the preparation of immunoconjugates by chemical synthesis, the choice of the hinge component joining the two building blocks is of paramount importance: the conjugate must remain stable in vivo but must afford efficient release of the toxic moiety when the target is reached. Vast efforts have been made, and the present article reviews strategies employed in developing immunoconjugates, focusing on the evolution of chemical linkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Dosio
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Torino 10125, Italy.
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20
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Saito SY. Toxins affecting actin filaments and microtubules. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2009; 46:187-219. [PMID: 19184589 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-87895-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Actin and tubulin are the two major proteins of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells and both display a common property to reversibly assemble into long and flexible polymers, actin filaments and microtubules, respectively. These proteins play important roles in a variety of cellular functions and are also involved in numbers of diseases. An emerging number of marine-derived cytotoxins have been found to bind either actin or tublin, resulting in either inhibition or enhancement of polymerization. Thus, these toxins are valuable molecular probes for solving complex mechanisms of biological processes. This chapter describes actin- and tubulin-targeting marine natural products and their modes of action, with reference to their use as research tools and their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ya Saito
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada 52-1, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
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Microtubule dynamics as a target in oncology. Cancer Treat Rev 2008; 35:255-61. [PMID: 19117686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2008.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 11/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Drugs that affect microtubule dynamics, including the taxanes and vinca alkaloids, have been a mainstay in the treatment of leukemias and solid tumors for decades. New, more effective microtubule-targeting agents continue to enter into clinical trials and some, including the epothilone ixapebilone, have been approved for use. In contrast, several other drugs of this class with promising preclinical data were later shown to be ineffective or intolerable in animal models or clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms as well as preclinical and clinical results for a variety of microtubule-targeting agents in various stages of development. We also offer a frank discussion of which microtubule-targeting agents are amenable to further development based on their availability, efficacy and toxic profile.
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Abstract
Drug discovery from marine natural products has enjoyed a renaissance in the past few years. Ziconotide (Prialt; Elan Pharmaceuticals), a peptide originally discovered in a tropical cone snail, was the first marine-derived compound to be approved in the United States in December 2004 for the treatment of pain. Then, in October 2007, trabectedin (Yondelis; PharmaMar) became the first marine anticancer drug to be approved in the European Union. Here, we review the history of drug discovery from marine natural products, and by describing selected examples, we examine the factors that contribute to new discoveries and the difficulties associated with translating marine-derived compounds into clinical trials. Providing an outlook into the future, we also examine the advances that may further expand the promise of drugs from the sea.
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Harrison M, Swanton C. Epothilones and new analogues of the microtubule modulators in taxane-resistant disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2008; 17:523-46. [PMID: 18363517 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.17.4.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microtubule-stabilising agents typified by the epothilone class of drug have demonstrated promising activity in Phase II and III clinical trials. OBJECTIVE Data supporting the efficacy of these agents are reviewed and their potential use in taxane-refractory disease assessed. METHODS Preclinical evidence assessing the role of the spindle assembly checkpoint in determining the cellular response to microtubule stabilization are presented together with clinical data documenting the efficacy of non-taxane microtubule modulators. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS Evidence suggests that microtubule-stabilising agents prolong activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint which may promote cancer cell death in mitosis or following mitotic exit. A weakened spindle assembly checkpoint is associated with altered sensitivity to agents targeting the microtubule and therefore pathways of drug resistance may be shared by these cytotoxic therapies. Preliminary clinical trial data do suggest modest activity of epothilones in truly taxane-resistant patient cohorts, indicating the potential niche for these agents in a molecularly undefined patient group, potentially implicating the role of P-glycoprotein in the acquisition of taxane-resistant disease. Trial data of these antimitotic agents will be presented together with their potential role in taxane-resistant disease and the implications for future clinical trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Harrison
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Missenden Road, Camperdown, Sydney 2050, Australia
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Horti J, Juhasz E, Monostori Z, Maeda K, Eckhardt S, Bodrogi I. Phase I study of TZT-1027, a novel synthetic dolastatin 10 derivative, for the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2008; 62:173-80. [PMID: 18214483 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-007-0665-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2007] [Accepted: 12/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this phase I study was to evaluate the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), the recommended dose for phase II study, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity of TZT-1,027 (soblidotin) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) when administered every 3-4 weeks. METHODS Eligible patients had the following characteristics: stage III/b or IV NSCLC that was refractory to conventional therapy or for which no standard therapy was available; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) <or=2; adequate organ function; and age >or=20 and <75 years. The patients were administered TZT-1,027 in escalating doses from 0.5 to 5.6 mg/m(2). Pharmacokinetic samples were collected during each treatment course. RESULTS Forty-nine patients were enrolled. Three patients had DLTs, including neutropenia, neutropenia complicated by fever, myalgia, and neuropathic pain. The common toxicities included constipation, anorexia, alopecia, nausea, leukopenia, and neutropenia. One complete response and three partial responses were observed. The pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC and C (max)) of TZT-1,027 tended to increase linearly with dose. CONCLUSIONS DLTs included neutropenia, neutropenia complicated by fever, myalgia, and neuropathic pain. The MTD was 4.8 mg/m(2). The recommended phase II study dose of TZT-1027 is 4.8 mg/m(2) administered every 3-4 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Horti
- National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Ráth Gy. u. 7-9, Budapest, Hungary.
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25
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Riely GJ, Gadgeel S, Rothman I, Saidman B, Sabbath K, Feit K, Kris MG, Rizvi NA. A phase 2 study of TZT-1027, administered weekly to patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer following treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy. Lung Cancer 2006; 55:181-5. [PMID: 17092603 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2006.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2006] [Revised: 07/26/2006] [Accepted: 10/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION : TZT-1027, a derivative of dolastatin-10, has a wide spectrum of in vitro activity against cancer cell lines. We conducted a phase 2 trial of TZT-1027 in patients with previously treated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with stage IV or recurrent NSCLC who had received one prior platinum-based chemotherapy regimen were eligible. Patients received 2.4mg/m(2) of TZT-1027 on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle. The primary endpoint was response rate as measured by RECIST. RESULTS Thirty-two patients were enrolled (16 women, 16 men). The most common grade 3/4 adverse effects were leukopenia and neutropenia. Four patients died within 30 days of receiving TZT-1027, three from progressive disease and one with pneumonia and neutropenia. No objective response was observed (0% observed rate, 95% confidence interval 0-11%). The median time to progression was 1.5 months. The median overall survival was 8.5 months. CONCLUSIONS This phase 2 trial showed that TZT-1027 administered on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle had no anticancer activity. Further development of TZT-1027 in patients with previously treated NSCLC is not warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Riely
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Shimoyama T, Hamano T, Natsume T, Koizumi F, Kiura K, Tanimoto M, Nishio K. Reference profiling of the genomic response induced by an antimicrotubule agent, TZT-1027 (Soblidotin), in vitro. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2006; 6:388-96. [PMID: 16550209 DOI: 10.1038/sj.tpj.6500386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
TZT-1027 is an antimicrotubule agent targeting beta-tubulin that is undergoing clinical development. The genomic response of cancer cells to TZT-1027 was profiled to evaluate its biochemical activity. A lung cancer cell line, PC-14, was exposed to antimicrotubule agents including dolastatins, Vinca alkaloids and taxanes at an equivalent toxicity level. Alterations in the TZT-1027-induced gene expression of approximately 600 genes were then examined using microarray technology and the resulting gene profiles were compared with those for cells exposed to the other antimicrotubule agents. A principle component analysis using the whole gene set demonstrated that TZT-1027 produced similar gene profiles to those produced by dolastatin 10, but that these gene profiles differed from those produced by other agents. The agents were classified according to their induced genomic response in a molecular structure-dependent manner. Genes whose expression profiles differed according to drug class included intermediate filaments, extracellular matrix protein and Rho regulatory genes that may be involved in cytoskeletal and angiogenesis processes that are regulated by microtubule dynamics. TZT-1027 produces a unique genomic response profile distinct from that of Vinca alkaloids and taxanes, suggesting that this agent has a different mechanism of action. The selected genes may act as pharmacodynamic biomarkers allowing the unique mode of action of TZT-1027 to be discriminated from those of other antimicrotubule agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shimoyama
- Shien-Lab and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Perez EA, Hillman DW, Fishkin PA, Krook JE, Tan WW, Kuriakose PA, Alberts SR, Dakhil SR. Phase II trial of dolastatin-10 in patients with advanced breast cancer. Invest New Drugs 2005; 23:257-61. [PMID: 15868383 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-005-6735-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Phase II multicenter cooperative group study investigated the efficacy and toxicity of the novel anti-microtubule agent dolastatin-10 in patients with advanced breast cancer. PATIENT AND METHODS Twenty-one patients with measurable metastatic breast cancer were treated with dolastatin-10 at a dose of 400 mcg/m2 by intravenous bolus once every 3 weeks. Patients must have received a total of 1 or 2 prior chemotherapy regimens and have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-2. Patients received this treatment as either a first (n = 11) or second-line (n = 10) chemotherapy for metastatic disease. Eighteen patients (86%) had received a prior anthracycline. The National Cancer Institute provided the dolastatin-10. RESULTS One out of 21 patients (5%; 95% CI: 0-24%) achieved a partial remission for a duration of 113 days. Four patients maintained stable disease for a median of 87 days. A total of 58 courses of dolastatin-10 were administered. Patients received a median of two cycles of dolastatin-10. Hematologic toxicity was moderate, with 8 patients developing grade 4 neutropenia, and 5 with grade 3 neutropenia; one grade 3 febrile neutropenia was observed. These episodes of grade 3 and 4 neutropenia were experienced on 36% of the treatment cycles. Non-hematologic toxicity was uncommon. CONCLUSION While the toxicity profile of dolastatin-10 was acceptable, it had minimal activity in this advanced breast cancer study. We are not pursuing further clinical trials of this agent in the setting of advanced breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith A Perez
- Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Kindler HL, Tothy PK, Wolff R, McCormack RA, Abbruzzese JL, Mani S, Wade-Oliver KT, Vokes EE. Phase II trials of dolastatin-10 in advanced pancreaticobiliary cancers. Invest New Drugs 2005; 23:489-93. [PMID: 16133801 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-005-2909-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreaticobiliary malignancies respond poorly to conventional chemotherapy, and novel agents are needed. Dolatstatin-10 is a potent antimitotic pentapeptide isolated from the marine mollusk Dolabella auricularia that inhibits microtubule assembly. We conducted 2 parallel phase II trials of dolastatin-10 in patients with advanced hepatobiliary cancers and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligible patients had histologically-confirmed metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma or metastatic, locally advanced or recurrent cancer of the liver, bile duct or gallbladder, and had received no prior chemotherapy for advanced disease. Dolastatin-10 400 microg/m(2) was administered intravenously by bolus every 21 days. Restaging CT scans were obtained every 2 cycles. RESULTS Twenty-eight patients (16 hepatobiliary, including 7 hepatomas, 6 cholangiocarcinomas, 2 gallbladder carcinomas, and 12 pancreatic carcinomas) enrolled; 27 were evaluable for response. There were no objective responses. Grade 3/4 neutropenia occurred in 59% of patients and neutropenic fever in 18%. Median and 1-year survival were 5.0 months and 17% for the pancreatic cancer patients, and 3.0 months and 29% for the hepatobiliary patients. Median time to progression was 1.3 months for the pancreatic cancer patients and 1.6 months for the hepatobiliary patients. CONCLUSIONS Dolastatin-10 is inactive against hepatobiliary and pancreatic carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedy L Kindler
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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de Jonge MJA, van der Gaast A, Planting AST, van Doorn L, Lems A, Boot I, Wanders J, Satomi M, Verweij J. Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Study of the Dolastatin 10 Analogue TZT-1027, Given on Days 1 and 8 of a 3-Week Cycle in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11:3806-13. [PMID: 15897580 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-1937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE TZT-1027 [N(2)-(N,N-dimethyl-l-valyl)-N-[(1S,2R)-2-methoxy-4-[(2S)-2-[(1R,2R)-1-methoxy-2-methyl-3-oxo-3-[(2-phenylethyl)]amino]propyl]-1-pyrrolidinyl]-1-[(S)-1-methylpropyl]-4-oxobutyl]-N-methyl-l-valinamide] is a cytotoxic dolastatin 10 derivative inhibiting microtubule assembly through the binding to tubulins. The objectives of this phase I study was to assess the dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), to determine the maximum tolerated dose, and to study the pharmacokinetics of TZT-1027 when given i.v. over 60 minutes on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks to patients with advanced solid tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients were treated with escalating doses of TZT-1027 at doses ranging from 1.35 to 2.7 mg/m(2). For pharmacokinetic analysis, plasma sampling was done during the first and second course and assayed using a validated high-performance liquid chromatographic assay with mass spectrometric detection. RESULTS Seventeen patients received a total of >70 courses. The stopping dose was reached at 2.7 mg/m(2), with neutropenia and infusion arm pain as DLT. Neutropenia was not complicated by fever. Over all dose levels, eight patients experienced pain in the infusion arm 1 to 2 days after administration of the drug, which seemed ameliorated by adding additional flushing after drug administration. Other side effects included nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fatigue. One partial response lasting >54 weeks was observed in an extensively pretreated patient with metastatic liposarcoma. The pharmacokinetics of TZT-1027 suggested linearity over the dose ranges. No correlation between body surface area and absolute CL of TZT-1027 was established, vindicating that a flat dosing regimen might be used in the future. A correlation was observed between the percentage decrease in neutrophil count and the AUC of TZT-1027. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the DLT of TZT-1027 was neutropenia and infusion arm pain. The recommended dose for phase II studies of TZT-1027 is 2.4 mg/m(2) given i.v. over 60 minutes, on days 1 and 8 every 21 days. Phase II studies have recently started.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja J A de Jonge
- Erasmus University Medical Center/Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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30
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Li Q, Sham HL. Discovery and development of antimitotic agents that inhibit tubulin polymerisation for the treatment of cancer. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.12.11.1663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Mooberry SL, Leal RM, Tinley TL, Luesch H, Moore RE, Corbett TH. The molecular pharmacology of symplostatin 1: a new antimitotic dolastatin 10 analog. Int J Cancer 2003; 104:512-21. [PMID: 12584751 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.10982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Symplostatin 1, an analog of dolastatin 10, was recently isolated from cyanobacteria of the genus Symploca. Symplostatin 1 is a potent inhibitor of cell proliferation with IC(50) values in the low nanomolar range and it exhibits efficacy against a variety of cancer cell types. Symplostatin 1 caused the formation of abnormal mitotic spindles and accumulation of cells in metaphase at concentrations that had only minor effects on interphase microtubules. At higher concentrations, symplostatin 1 caused the loss of interphase microtubules. Cell cycle analysis revealed that symplostatin 1 caused G(2)/M arrest, consistent with its effects on mitotic spindles. Symplostatin 1 initiated the phosphorylation of Bcl-2, formation of micronuclei and activation of caspase 3, indicating induction of apoptosis. The cellular effects of symplostatin 1 are consistent with other antimitotic tubulin-targeting drugs. Tubulin polymerization experiments indicated that symplostatin 1 potently inhibits the assembly of purified tubulin, suggesting that tubulin may be its intracellular target. Some microtubule-targeting agents are reported to have antiangiogenic activity and therefore the effects of symplostatin 1 on endothelial cell proliferation and invasion were evaluated. Symplostatin 1 was found to be a potent inhibitor of both endothelial cell proliferation and invasion. Because of its potent and broad activity in vitro, symplostatin 1 was evaluated in vivo. Symplostatin 1 was active against murine colon 38 and murine mammary 16/C; however, it was poorly tolerated and the mice were slow to recover from the toxicity. The data indicate that symplostatin 1 has a mechanism of action similar to dolastatin 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Mooberry
- Department of Physiology and Medicine, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX 78245-0549, USA.
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Hoffman MA, Blessing JA, Lentz SS. A phase II trial of dolastatin-10 in recurrent platinum-sensitive ovarian carcinoma: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Gynecol Oncol 2003; 89:95-8. [PMID: 12694660 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-8258(03)00007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the antitumor efficacy of dolastatin-10 in patients with measurable recurrences of platinum-sensitive ovarian carcinoma and to determine the nature and degree of toxicity of dolastatin-10 in these patients. METHODS Patients received dolastatin-10 400 microg/m(2) intravenously every 3 weeks and tumor measurements were performed every one to two cycles. RESULTS Of 28 patients evaluable for response, there were no complete or partial responses. Seven patients had stable disease and 21 patients had increasing disease. CONCLUSION Dolastatin-10 has minimal activity in recurrent platinum-sensitive ovarian carcinoma at the dose and schedule tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Hoffman
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Campus of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA.
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Kerbrat P, Dieras V, Pavlidis N, Ravaud A, Wanders J, Fumoleau P. Phase II study of LU 103793 (dolastatin analogue) in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 2003; 39:317-20. [PMID: 12565983 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(02)00531-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
LU 103793 is a synthetic analogue of Dolastatin 15 that inhibits tubulin polymerisation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of LU 103793 in patients with metastatic breast cancer who had been previously treated with two lines of chemotherapy for advanced disease. Patients received LU 103793 at a dose of 2.5 mg/m(2)/day over 5 min for 5 consecutive days every 3 weeks. Thirty-four patients were enrolled and 23 patients were eligible for the evaluation of efficacy. Eleven patients experienced grade 4 neutropenia. Other related grade 3/4 adverse events included asthenia (three patients), stomatitis (1), myalgia (1) and increase of serum bilirubin (2). The main toxicity was hypertension occurring in seven out of 34 patients. There were no objective responses, 7 patients had stable disease. These results do not support the further evaluation of LU 103793 in metastatic breast cancer patients using this dose and schedule.
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Saad ED, Kraut EH, Hoff PM, Moore DF, Jones D, Pazdur R, Abbruzzese JL. Phase II study of dolastatin-10 as first-line treatment for advanced colorectal cancer. Am J Clin Oncol 2002; 25:451-3. [PMID: 12393982 DOI: 10.1097/00000421-200210000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Dolastatin-10 is a potent inhibitor of microtubule assembly derived from the sea hare, which displayed significant antitumor activity in preclinical models. We conducted a phase II study of dolastatin-10 in patients with advanced colorectal cancer and no prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease. Fourteen patients received doses ranging from 300 microg/m(2) to 450 microg/m(2) as an intravenous push every 21 days. There were no major objective responses. Toxicity was mainly hematologic, with grade III or IV granulocytopenia occurring in 9 of 42 treatment courses. Other toxic effects were generally mild. Dolastatin-10 lacks clinically significant activity in advanced colorectal cancer when used in this dose and schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everardo D Saad
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Abstract
Many pharmaceutical agents have been discovered by screening natural products from plants, animals, marine organisms and microorganisms. Vincristine, irinotecan, etoposide and paclitaxel are examples of plant-derived compounds that are being employed in cancer treatment, and dactinomycin, bleomycin and doxorubicin are anticancer agents derived from microbial sources. Citarabine is an example of an anticancer agent originating from a marine source. Other agents originating from marine sources are bryostatin-1, aplidine, dolastatin 10 and ET-743, which have recently entered phase I and II clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B da Rocha
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, RS
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Ogawa T, Mimura Y, Isowa K, Kato H, Mitsuishi M, Toyoshi T, Kuwayama N, Morimoto H, Murakoshi M, Nakayama T. An antimicrotubule agent, TZT-1027, does not induce neuropathologic alterations which are detected after administration of vincristine or paclitaxel in animal models. Toxicol Lett 2001; 121:97-106. [PMID: 11325560 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the major dose-limiting toxicities induced by antimicrotubule antitumor agents such as vinca alkaloids and taxanes is peripheral neuropathy. The neurotoxicity of TZT-1027 (a dolastatin 10 derivative antimicrotubule agent) was thus assessed using the animal models for antimicrotubule agent-induced neurotoxicity. Rabbits were intravenously given TZT-1027 or vincristine weekly for 5 weeks. In the mouse study, TZT-1027, vincristine or paclitaxel was intravenously given every 2 days and/or weekly. Despite the neuropathologic evidence such as myelinated axonal and fiber degeneration in the peripheral nerves and in the sensory tracts of the spinal cord following the treatment with vincristine or paclitaxel, no drug-induced alteration was observed in the TZT-1027 groups. Although there are reports that some other dolastatin derivatives with antimicrotubule activity showed no neurotoxic potential in humans, the present study represents the first demonstration in experimental animals that a dolastatin derivative has no, or at least a lower, neurotoxic potential compared to other antimicrotubule agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ogawa
- Safety Research Department, Teikoku Hormone Manufacturing Co., Ltd., 1604 Shimosakunobe, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki-shi, 213-8522, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Schwartsmann G, Brondani da Rocha A, Berlinck RG, Jimeno J. Marine organisms as a source of new anticancer agents. Lancet Oncol 2001; 2:221-5. [PMID: 11905767 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(00)00292-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Various active anticancer agents are derived from plants and terrestrial microorganisms. The isolation of C-nucleosides from the Caribbean sponge, Cryptotheca crypta, four decades ago, provided the basis for the synthesis of cytarabine, the first marine-derived anticancer agent to be developed for clinical use. Cytarabine is currently used in the routine treatment of patients with leukaemia and lymphoma. Gemcitabine, one of its fluorinated derivatives, has also been approved for use in patients with pancreatic, breast, bladder, and non-small-cell lung cancer. Over the past decade, several new experimental anticancer agents derived from marine sources have entered preclinical and clinical trials. This field has expanded significantly as a result of improvements in the technology of deep-sea collection, extraction, and large-scale production through aquaculture and synthesis. In this paper, examples of marine-derived experimental agents that are currently undergoing preclinical and early clinical evaluation are briefly discussed. A summary of the available information on the results of phase I and II trials of agents such as aplidine, ecteinascidin-734 (ET-734), dolastatin 10 and bryostatin 1 is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schwartsmann
- South-American Office for Anticancer Drug Development, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Lutheran University, Brazil.
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Nuijen B, Bouma M, Manada C, Jimeno JM, Schellens JH, Bult A, Beijnen JH. Pharmaceutical development of anticancer agents derived from marine sources. Anticancer Drugs 2000; 11:793-811. [PMID: 11142687 DOI: 10.1097/00001813-200011000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The marine ecosystem is more and more acknowledged as a source of potential anticancer agents. After the identification of a potential substance several hurdles have to be overcome before a marine candidate can enter the clinic. Amongst these are the establishment of a method which ensures sufficient supply and, which is the focus of this review, the development of a clinically useful pharmaceutical formulation. General issues with respect to the pharmaceutical development of marine anticancer agents will be discussed, which will be illustrated by highlighting aspects of the pharmaceutical development and clinical use of some representative compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Nuijen
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam.
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