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eIF2α Phosphorylation in Response to Nutritional Deficiency and Stressors in the Aquaculture Fish, Rachycentron canadum. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10050709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the response of the marine fish cobia, Rachycentron canadum, to stressors as measured by phosphorylation of the α-subunit of the translational initiation factor, eIF2. eIF2α is the target of phosphorylation by a family of kinases that respond to a range of physiological stressors. Phosphorylation of eIF2α inhibits overall protein synthesis, but also facilitates the reprogramming of gene expression to adapt to, and recover from, stress. The deduced coding sequence of cobia eIF2α has 94% identity to both zebrafish (Danio rerio) and human eIF2α sequences with identical phosphorylation and kinase docking sites. Here we use cobia larvae and a cobia cell line derived from muscle (Cm cells) to investigate the response of cobia eIF2α to various stressors. In Cm cells, phosphorylation of eIF2α is increased by nutrient deficiency and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress), consistent with the activation of the eIF2 kinases, GCN2, and PERK. In cobia juveniles, diet and water temperature affect the phosphorylation state of eIF2α. We conclude that evaluation of eIF2α phosphorylation could function as an early marker to evaluate diet, environmental stressors, and disease in cobia and may be of particular use in optimizing conditions for rearing cobia larvae and juveniles.
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Goswami M, Yashwanth BS, Trudeau V, Lakra WS. Role and relevance of fish cell lines in advanced in vitro research. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:2393-2411. [PMID: 35013860 PMCID: PMC8747882 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06997-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Cell line derived from fish has been established as a promising tool for studying many key issues of aquaculture covering fish growth, disease, reproduction, genetics, and biotechnology. In addition, fish cell lines are very useful in vitro models for toxicological, pathological, and immunological studies. The easier maintenance of fish cell lines in flexible temperature regimes and hypoxic conditions make them preferable in vitro tools over mammalian cell lines. Great excitement has been observed in establishing and characterizing new fish cell lines representing diverse fish species and tissue types. The well-characterized and authenticated cell lines are of utmost essential as these represent cellular functions very similar to in vivo state of an organism otherwise it would affect the reproducibility of scientific research. Conclusion The fish cell lines have exhibited encouraging results in several key aspects of in vitro research in aquaculture including virology, nutrition and metabolism, production of vaccines, and transgenic fish production. The review paper reports the cell lines developed from fish, their characterization, and biobanking along with their potential applications and challenges in in vitro research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Goswami
- ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India.
| | - B S Yashwanth
- ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Vance Trudeau
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - W S Lakra
- NABARD Chair Unit, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mumbai Research Centre, Versova, Mumbai, India
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Vergès-Castillo A, González-Vargas IA, Muñoz-Cueto JA, Martín-Robles ÁJ, Pendon C. Establishment and characterisation of single cell-derived embryonic stem cell lines from the gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 256:110626. [PMID: 34044158 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An important bottleneck in fish aquaculture research is the supply and maintenance of embryos, larvae, juvenile and adult specimens. In this context, cell lines represent alternative experimental models for in vitro studies that complement in vivo assays. This allows us to perform easier experimental design and sampling and avoid the sacrifice of animals. Embryonic stem (ES) cell lines have attracted increasing attention because they have the capability to proliferate indefinitely and could be differentiated into any cell type of the organism. To minimise cell heterogeneity and increase uniformity of in vitro studies results, in this manuscript we report the development and characterisation of two single cell-derived ES cell lines (monoclonal) from the morula stage embryos of the gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata, named as SAEC-A3 and SAEC-H7. Both cell lines have been passaged for over 100 times, indicating the establishment of long-term, immortalised ES cell cultures. Sequence analyses confirmed the seabream origin of the cell lines, and growth analyses evidenced their high viability and proliferating activity, particularly in culture medium supplemented with 10-15% fetal bovine serum and 22 °C. Both cell lines showed the ability to generate embryoid bodies and show different sensitivity and response to all-trans retinoic acid. The analysis of epithelial (col1α1) and neuronal (sox3) markers in differentiated cultures revealed that SAEC-A3 tended to differentiate towards epithelial-like cells whereas SAEC-H7 tended to differentiate towards neuronal-like cells. Both cell lines were efficiently transfected with pDsRed2-ER and/or pEGFP-N1 plasmids, indicating that they could represent useful biotechnological tools. Daily expression of pcna showed significant expression rhythms, with maximum levels of cell proliferation during the day-night transition. Currently, these cell lines are being successfully used as experimental models for the study of cellular metabolism, physiology and rhythms as well as for toxicological, pharmacological and gene expression analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vergès-Castillo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - I A González-Vargas
- Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Estadística, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Santiago de Cali, Cali, Colombia
| | - J A Muñoz-Cueto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; INMAR Research Institute, Marine Campus of International Excellence (CEIMAR), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), The European University of the Seas (SEA-EU), University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Á J Martín-Robles
- Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; INMAR Research Institute, Marine Campus of International Excellence (CEIMAR), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), The European University of the Seas (SEA-EU), University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - C Pendon
- Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; INBIO, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
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Zheng Z, Yang J, Ge J, Chi H, Chen B, Fang Q, Gong H. Development and characterization of a continuous cell line (EL) from the liver of European eel Anguilla anguilla. Cell Biol Int 2019; 44:808-820. [PMID: 31814207 PMCID: PMC7028054 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a new hepatic tissue‐origin cell line from European eel Anguilla anguilla has been developed and characterized. This cell line designated EL has been maintained in Leibovitz L‐15 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum over 72 months, and subcultured more than 90 times. The EL cell line consisted predominantly of fibroblast‐like cells, which could survive over 100 days in vitro, and could grow at 15–32°C. The optimum temperature for growth was 27°C. The chromosome analysis revealed a modal diploid karyotype of 2n = 38. The origin of this cell line was confirmed by the 18S recombinant (r)RNA sequencing. The susceptibility test indicated significant cytopathic effects in the EL cells with regard to the Rana grylio virus and the Herpesvirus anguillae. The viral replication was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and polymerase chain reaction analysis. Following poly (I:C) exposure, the expression levels of the immune‐related molecules interferon regulatory factor‐7 (irf7) and transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) were downregulated in EL cells, whereas the expression levels of the rf3 and the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) were upregulated. All four genes were significantly upregulated following inflammation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These data suggested the application of EL cell line for viral identification, as well as for immunodiagnosis and pharmacological targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaiyu Zheng
- Biotechnology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wusi Road 247, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350003, China
| | - Jinxian Yang
- Biotechnology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wusi Road 247, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350003, China
| | - Junqing Ge
- Biotechnology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wusi Road 247, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350003, China
| | - Hongshu Chi
- Biotechnology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wusi Road 247, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350003, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Biotechnology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wusi Road 247, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350003, China.,Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Ltd., Ningde, Fujian, China
| | - Qinmei Fang
- Biotechnology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wusi Road 247, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350003, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Biotechnology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wusi Road 247, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350003, China
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Futami K, Maita M, Katagiri T. DNA demethylation with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine induces the senescence-associated secretory phenotype in the immortal fish cell line, EPC. Gene 2019; 697:194-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Chen B, Zheng Z, Yang J, Chi H, Huang H, Gong H. Development and characterization of a new cell line derived from European eel Anguilla anguilla kidney. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.037507. [PMID: 30429125 PMCID: PMC6361207 DOI: 10.1242/bio.037507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A new cell line derived from the kidney of European eel, Anguilla anguilla, has been established and characterized. This cell line, designated as EK (eel kidney), has been maintained in Leibovitz's L-15 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum for over 24 months, and subcultured more than 60 times. This cell line consists predominantly of fibroblast-like cells, and can grow at 15–37°C under an optimum temperature of 26°C. The origin of this cell line was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and 18s recombinant (r)RNA sequencing. The chromosome analysis of EK cells at passage 58 revealed an ananeuploid karyotype. The EK cells were successfully transfected with the Pegfp-N1 plasmid, suggesting its potential in genetic studies. The susceptibility test showed a significant cytopathic effect (CPE) in EK cells for Rana grylio virus, and the viral replication was evidenced with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay. After poly (I:C) stimulation, the expression of the immune-related molecules including interferon regulatory factor-3 (irf3), interferon regulatory factor-7 (irf7) and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) were significantly upregulated in EK cells, while the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF-β) was downregulated. These results suggested the potential of EK cell line as a model in gene engineering, virus identification and environmental toxicology. Summary: The first visceral cell line of an endangered species, Anguilla anguilla has been established; this aneuploid cell line is fibroblast-like, and suitable for gene expression and virus isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- Biotechnology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, High-tech building 1506, Wusi Road 247, Fuzhou 350003, Fujian, China
| | - Zaiyu Zheng
- Biotechnology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, High-tech building 1506, Wusi Road 247, Fuzhou 350003, Fujian, China
| | - Jinxian Yang
- Biotechnology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, High-tech building 1506, Wusi Road 247, Fuzhou 350003, Fujian, China
| | - Hongshu Chi
- Biotechnology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, High-tech building 1506, Wusi Road 247, Fuzhou 350003, Fujian, China
| | - He Huang
- Biotechnology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, High-tech building 1506, Wusi Road 247, Fuzhou 350003, Fujian, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Biotechnology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, High-tech building 1506, Wusi Road 247, Fuzhou 350003, Fujian, China
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Effects of Temperatures and Basal Media on Primary Culture of the Blastomeres Derived from the Embryos at Blastula Stage in Marine Medaka Oryzias dancena. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.12750/jet.2018.33.4.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Kim JW, Oh BG, Kim J, Kim DG, Nam BH, Kim YO, Park JY, Cheong J, Kong HJ. Development and Characterization of a New Cell Line from Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Dev Reprod 2018; 22:225-234. [PMID: 30324159 PMCID: PMC6182235 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2018.22.3.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new embryonic cell line (OFEC-17FEN) derived from olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus was developed. OFEC-17FEN cells were subcultured for <30 passages over ~200 days. OFEC-17FEN cells had a doubling time of 114.34 h and modal diploid chromosome number was 48. The pluripotency genes POU5f1 and NANOG were expressed in OFEC-17FEN cells. However, the lack of several pluripotency-related genes expression indicates that OFEC-17FEN cells are not stem cells. OFEC-17FEN cells transfected with plasmid pEGFP-c1 exhibited a strong green fluorescent signal at 48 h after transfection. Accordingly, OFEC-17FEN cells may be useful for both basic research and biotechnological application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Won Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National
Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083,
Korea
| | - Bang Geun Oh
- Biotechnology Research Division, National
Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083,
Korea
| | - Julan Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National
Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083,
Korea
| | - Dong-Gyun Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National
Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083,
Korea
| | - Bo-Hye Nam
- Biotechnology Research Division, National
Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083,
Korea
| | - Young-Ok Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National
Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083,
Korea
| | - Jung Youn Park
- Biotechnology Research Division, National
Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083,
Korea
| | - JaeHun Cheong
- Dept. of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan
National University, Busan 43241,
Korea
| | - Hee Jeong Kong
- Biotechnology Research Division, National
Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083,
Korea
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9
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Gao J, Wang X, Zhang Q. Evolutionary Conservation of pou5f3 Genomic Organization and Its Dynamic Distribution during Embryogenesis and in Adult Gonads in Japanese Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010231. [PMID: 28124980 PMCID: PMC5297860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4) is a member of POU (Pit-Oct-Unc) transcription factor family Class V that plays a crucial role in maintaining the pluripotency and self-renewal of stem cells. Though it has been deeply investigated in mammals, its lower vertebrate homologue, especially in the marine fish, is poorly studied. In this study, we isolated the full-length sequence of Paralichthys olivaceus pou5f3 (Popou5f3), and we found that it is homologous to mammalian Oct4. We identified two transcript variants with different lengths of 3′-untranslated regions (UTRs) generated by alternative polyadenylation (APA). Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were implemented to characterize the spatial and temporal expression pattern of Popou5f3 during early development and in adult tissues. Our results show that Popou5f3 is maternally inherited, abundantly expressed at the blastula and early gastrula stages, then greatly diminishes at the end of gastrulation. It is hardly detectable from the heart-beating stage onward. We found that Popou5f3 expression is restricted to the adult gonads, and continuously expresses during oogenesis while its dynamics are downregulated during spermatogenesis. Additionally, numerous cis-regulatory elements (CRE) on both sides of the flanking regions show potential roles in regulating the expression of Popou5f3. Taken together, these findings could further our understanding of the functions and evolution of pou5f3 in lower vertebrates, and also provides fundamental information for stem cell tracing and genetic manipulation in Paralichthys olivaceus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinning Gao
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Center for Developmental Cardiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Xubo Wang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Lee D, Ryu JH, Lee ST, Nam YK, Kim DS, Gong SP. Identification of embryonic stem cell activities in an embryonic cell line derived from marine medaka (Oryzias dancena). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:1569-1576. [PMID: 26239820 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0108-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to identify embryonic stem cell (ESC) activities of a long-term cultured embryonic cell line previously derived from blastula-stage Oryzias dancena embryos. Five sub-cell lines were established from the embryonic cell line via clonal expansion of single cells. ESC activities, including clonogenicity, alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, and differentiation capacity, were examined in the five sub-cell lines. We observed both clonogenicity and AP activity in all five sub-cell lines, but the proportion of cells that exhibited both properties was significantly different among them. Even though we detected different formation rates and sizes of embryoid body (EB) among these cells, all lines were stably able to form EBs and further induction for differentiation showed their capability to differentiate into other cell types in a spontaneous manner. From this study, we determined that the embryonic cell lines examined possessed heterogeneous ESC activities and can be utilized as a marine model system for fish ESC-based research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwook Lee
- Department of Fisheries Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Korea
| | - Jun Hyung Ryu
- Department of Fisheries Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Korea
| | - Seung Tae Lee
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Korea
| | - Yoon Kwon Nam
- Department of Fisheries Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Korea
- Department of Marine Biomaterials and Aquaculture, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Korea
| | - Dong Soo Kim
- Department of Fisheries Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Korea
- Department of Marine Biomaterials and Aquaculture, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Korea
| | - Seung Pyo Gong
- Department of Fisheries Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Korea.
- Department of Marine Biomaterials and Aquaculture, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Korea.
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Fan L, Jiang J, Gao J, Song H, Liu J, Yang L, Li Z, Chen Y, Zhang Q, Wang X. Identification and Characterization of a PRDM14 Homolog in Japanese Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:9097-118. [PMID: 25915026 PMCID: PMC4463580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16059097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PRDM14 is a PR (PRDI-BF1-RIZ1 homologous) domain protein with six zinc fingers and essential roles in genome-wide epigenetic reprogramming. This protein is required for the establishment of germ cells and the maintenance of the embryonic stem cell ground state. In this study, we cloned the full-length cDNA and genomic DNA of the Paralichthys olivaceus prdm14 (Po-prdm14) gene and isolated the 5' regulatory region of Po-prdm14 by whole-genome sequencing. Peptide sequence alignment, gene structure analysis, and phylogenetic analysis revealed that Po-PRDM14 was homologous to mammalian PRDM14. Results of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction amplification (RT-qPCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH) in embryos demonstrated that Po-prdm14 was highly expressed between the morula and late gastrula stages, with its expression peaking in the early gastrula stage. Relatively low expression of Po-prdm14 was observed in the other developmental stages. ISH of gonadal tissues revealed that the transcripts were located in the nucleus of the oocytes in the ovaries but only in the spermatogonia and not the spermatocytes in the testes. We also presume that the Po-prdm14 transcription factor binding sites and their conserved binding region among vertebrates. The combined results suggest that Po-PRDM14 has a conserved function in teleosts and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Jiajun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Jinning Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Huayu Song
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Jinxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Likun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Zan Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Xubo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China.
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12
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Sun A, Wang TZ, Wang N, Liu XF, Sha ZX, Chen SL. Establishment and characterization of an ovarian cell line from half-smooth tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2015; 86:46-59. [PMID: 25359438 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A new ovarian cell line, CSO, was established from half-smooth tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis. Primary culture of CSO cells was initiated from digestion of ovarian tissues pieces by trypsin solution and cultured at 24° C in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium-F12 medium (DMEM-F12, 1:1) (pH 7·0), supplemented with 20% foetal bovine serum, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). The cultured CSO cells, fibroblastic in morphology, proliferated to 100% confluency 3 days later and had been subcultured to passage 80. Chromosome analyses indicated that the CSO cells exhibited chromosomal aneuploidy with a modal chromosome number of 42 that displayed the normal diploid karyotype of C. semilaevis [2n = 42 t, fundamental number (NF ) = 42]. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction revealed that CSO cells could express ovarian somatic cell functional genes p450armo, foxl2 and sox9a but not ovary germ cell marker gene vasa and male-specific gene dmrt1. Transfection experiment demonstrated that CSO cells transfected with pEGFP-N3 plasmid could express green fluorescence protein (GFP) with higher transfection efficiency. The CSO cell line might serve as a valuable tool for studies on the mechanism of sex determination and oogenesis of ovary in flatfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sun
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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Ho SY, Goh CWP, Gan JY, Lee YS, Lam MKK, Hong N, Hong Y, Chan WK, Shu-Chien AC. Derivation and long-term culture of an embryonic stem cell-like line from zebrafish blastomeres under feeder-free condition. Zebrafish 2014; 11:407-20. [PMID: 24967707 PMCID: PMC4172385 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2013.0879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing zebrafish embryonic stem (ES) cell lines are derived and maintained using feeder layers. We describe here the derivation and long-term culture of an ES cell-like line derived from zebrafish blastomeres without the use of feeder cells. This line, designated as ZES1, has been maintained for more than 800 days in defined Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum, zebrafish embryo extract, trout serum, and human basic fibroblast growth factor. ZES1 cells possessed a morphology typical of ES cells, being round or polygonal in shape with a large nucleus and sparse cytoplasm and were mostly diploid. The cells formed individual colonies consisting of tightly packed cells that stained positively for alkaline phosphatase. ZES1 cells also formed embryoid bodies when transferred onto uncoated wells. The pluripotent nature of ZES1 cells was confirmed when they could be induced to differentiate in vitro into several cell types, through low- or high-density culture conditions. Treatment with retinoic acid also induced the differentiation of ZES1 cells into primarily neuronal cells. Using immunostaining and real-time polymerase chain reaction, we showed that Sox2, a known pluripotent marker in mammalian ES cells, was also present in ZES1 cells. Chimera experiments revealed that fluorescent-labeled ZES1 cells microinjected into zebrafish blastulas participated in the formation of all three germ layers. Using GFP-labeled ZES1 cells, chimera germline transmission was also demonstrated at the F1 generation. In conclusion, ZES1 cells possess both in vitro and in vivo pluripotency characteristics, indicating that nonmammalian ES cells can be readily derived and maintained for a long term under feeder-free culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sing Yee Ho
- 1 Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals , Malaysian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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14
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Hong N, Schartl M, Hong Y. Derivation of stable zebrafish ES-like cells in feeder-free culture. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 357:623-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1882-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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15
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Derivation and characterization of a ES-like cell line from indian catfish Heteropneustes fossilis blastulas. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:427497. [PMID: 24574890 PMCID: PMC3918398 DOI: 10.1155/2014/427497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A cell line designated as HFB-ES was established from blastula stage embryos of H. fossilis (Singhi). The embryonic cells were harvested and maintained in Leibovitz's medium supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum. The cell line had been subcultured for more than 90 passages in a period of 24 months. HFB-ES cells were able to grow at temperatures between 25 and 35°C with an optimum temperature of 28°C. The growth rate of HFB-ES was proportional to FBS concentration, with optimum growth seen at 15% FBS concentration. The originality of the cell line was confirmed by sequencing of cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (COI), cytochrome b gene, and microsatellite DNA profile. Results of chromosome complements of HFB showed normal karyo-morphology with 56 (2n) diploid number of chromosomes after 40 passages which indicated that the developed cell line is chromosomally stable. The pluripotency of HFB was demonstrated by alkaline phosphatase activity and Oct-4 gene expression. Expression of GFP reporter gene was successful in HFB-ES. These results indicated that HFB-ES could be utilized for future gene expression studies.
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16
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Identification and characterization of a nanog homolog in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Gene 2013; 531:411-21. [PMID: 24013085 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The homeodomain-containing transcription factor nanog plays a key role in maintaining the pluripotency and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells in mammals. Stem cells offered as a significant and effective tool for generation of transgenic animals and preservation of genetic resources. The molecular genetic organization and expression of nanog gene in marine fish have not been reported yet. In this study, we isolated and characterized the flounder nanog gene as a first step towards understanding the mechanism of the plurpotency of fish stem cells and develop a potential molecular marker to identify the stem cells in vivo and in vitro. Phylogenetic, gene structure and chromosome synteny analysis provided the evidence that Po-nanog is homologous to the mammalian nanog gene. Protein sequence comparison showed that flounder Nanog shared low similarity with other vertebrate orthologs except for a conserved homeodomain. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that flounder nanog was maternally expressed, and the transcripts were present from the one-cell stage to the neurula stage with the peaking at blastula stage. Whole mount in situ hybridization analyses demonstrated that the transcripts were present in all blastomeres of the early embryo. Tissue distribution analysis indicated that nanog was detectable only in gonads. Further, the expression was significantly high in ovary than in testis. In situ hybridization revealed that the transcripts were located in the cytoplasm of the oogonia and oocytes in ovary, only in the spermatogonia but no spermatocytes or spermatids in testis. The promoter region was also analyzed to have several basal core promoter elements and transcription factor binding sites. All these results suggest that Po-Nanog may have a conservative function between teleosts and mammals.
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17
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ESSA1 embryonic stem like cells from gilthead seabream: A new tool to study mesenchymal cell lineage differentiation in fish. Differentiation 2012; 84:240-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Abstract
Stem cells have the potential for self-renewal and differentiation. First stem cell cultures were derived 30 years ago from early developing mouse embryos. These are pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells. Efforts towards ES cell derivation have been attempted in other mammalian and non-mammalian species. Work with stem cell culture in fish started 20 years ago. Laboratory fish species, in particular zebrafish and medaka, have been the focus of research towards stem cell cultures. Medaka is the second organism that generated ES cells and the first that gave rise to a spermatogonial stem cell line capable of test-tube sperm production. Most recently, the first haploid stem cells capable of producing whole animals have also been generated from medaka. ES-like cells have been reported also in zebrafish and several marine species. Attempts for germline transmission of ES cell cultures and gene targeting have been reported in zebrafish. Recent years have witnessed the progress in markers and procedures for ES cell characterization. These include the identification of fish homologs/paralogs of mammalian pluripotency genes and parameters for optimal chimera formation. In addition, fish germ cell cultures and transplantation have attracted considerable interest for germline transmission and surrogate production. Haploid ES cell nuclear transfer has proven in medaka the feasibility of semi-cloning as a novel assisted reproductive technology. In this special issue on "Fish Stem Cells and Nuclear Transfer", we will focus our review on medaka to illustrate the current status and perspective of fish stem cells in research and application. We will also mention semi-cloning as a new development to conventional nuclear transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Hong
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, Singapore
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19
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Holen E, Kausland A, Skjærven K. Embryonic stem cells isolated from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and the developmental expression of a stage-specific transcription factor ac-Pou2. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2010; 36:1029-1039. [PMID: 20130987 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-010-9381-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of embryonic stem cell cultures and the identification of molecular markers for undifferentiated embryonic stem cells (ESC) as well as differentiated cells types will open new opportunities in the study of developmental biology and for developing embryonic in vitro models of the ecologically and economically important fish specie Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). We report here that cod blastula cells express a Class V POU gene known to be highly expressed in embryonic cell populations of vertebrates. The cod transcript, designated Atlantic cod-Pou2 (ac-Pou2), can be used as a genetic marker for cod blastula cells in vivo and in vitro. Using a quantitative real-time PCR approach, we found that the ac-Pou2 transcript was downregulated before the egg reached the stage of gastrulation, the starting point of extensive cell differentiation. We also demonstrate the culturing of ESC isolated from cod blastula stage eggs. The cod ESC exhibited in vitro characteristics of pluripotency described for both mammalian ESC and fish ES-like cells (medaka, zebrafish, seabream, sea perch and rainbow trout). Cod ESC in culture expressed ac-pou2, differentiated spontaneously and had the ability to form embryoid bodies following retinoic acid treatment. The ESC could also be directed to differentiate.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Holen
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Post Box 2029 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway.
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20
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Dash C, Routray P, Tripathy S, Verma DK, Guru BC, Meher PK, Nandi S, Eknath AE. Derivation and characterization of embryonic stem-like cells of Indian major carp Catla catla. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2010; 77:1096-1113. [PMID: 21039493 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02755.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES)-like cells were derived from mid-blastula stage embryos of a freshwater fish, catla Catla catla, under feeder-free condition and designated as CCES cells. The conditioned media was optimized with 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS), fish embryo extract (FEE) having 100 µg ml(-1) protein concentration, 15 ng ml(-1) basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and basic media containing Leibovitz-15, DMEM with 4·5 g l(-1) glucose and Ham's F12 (LDF) in 2:1:1 ratio using a primary culture of CCES cells. Cells attached to gelatin-coated plates after 24 h of seeding and ES-like colonies were obtained at day 5 onwards. A stable cell culture was obtained after passage 10 and further maintained up to passage 44. These cells were characterized by their typical morphology, high alkaline phosphatase activity, positive expression of cell-surface antigen SSEA-1, transcription factor Oct4, germ cell marker vasa and consistent karyotype up to extended periods. The undifferentiated state was confirmed by their ability to form embryoid bodies and their differentiation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dash
- Division of Aquaculture Production and Environment, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, India
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21
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Medaka fish stem cells and their applications. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2010; 53:426-34. [PMID: 20596908 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-010-0079-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are present in developing embryos and adult tissues of multicellular organisms. Owing to their unique features, stem cells provide excellent opportunities for experimental analyses of basic developmental processes such as pluripotency control and cell fate decision and for regenerative medicine by stem cell-based therapy. Stem cell cultures have been best studied in 3 vertebrate organisms. These are the mouse, human and a small laboratory fish called medaka. Specifically, medaka has given rise to the first embryonic stem (ES) cells besides the mouse, the first adult testis-derived male stem cells spermatogonia capable of test-tube sperm production, and most recently, even haploid ES cells capable of producing Holly, a semi-cloned fertile female medaka from a mosaic oocyte created by microinjecting a haploid ES cell nucleus directly into a normal oocyte. These breakthroughs make medaka a favoring vertebrate model for stem cell research, the topic of this review.
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22
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Xing JG, Lee LE, Fan L, Collodi P, Holt SE, Bols NC. Initiation of a Zebrafish Blastula Cell Line on Rainbow Trout Stromal Cells and Subsequent Development Under Feeder-Free Conditions into a Cell Line, ZEB2J. Zebrafish 2008; 5:49-63. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2007.0512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry G. Xing
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lucy E.J. Lee
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lianchun Fan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Paul Collodi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Shawn E. Holt
- Departments of Pathology, Human Genetics, Pharmacology & Toxicology, Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia
- Mount Desert Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, Maine
| | - Niels C. Bols
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Barnes DW, Parton A, Tomana M, Hwang JH, Czechanski A, Fan L, Collodi P. Stem cells from cartilaginous and bony fish. Methods Cell Biol 2008; 86:343-67. [PMID: 18442656 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-679x(08)00016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David W Barnes
- Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, Maine, USA
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24
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Alvarez MC, Béjar J, Chen S, Hong Y. Fish ES cells and applications to biotechnology. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2007; 9:117-27. [PMID: 17089084 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-006-6034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2006] [Accepted: 06/27/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
ES cells provide a promising tool for the generation of transgenic animals with site-directed mutations. When ES cells colonize germ cells in chimeras, transgenic animals with modified phenotypes are generated and used either for functional genomics studies or for improving productivity in commercial settings. Although the ES cell approach has been limited to mice, there is strong interest for developing the technology in fish. We describe the step-by-step procedure for developing ES cells in fish. Key aspects include avoiding cell differentiation, specific in vitro traits of pluripotency, and, most importantly, testing for production of chimeric animals as the main evidence of pluripotency. The entire process focuses on two model species, zebrafish and medaka, in which most work has been done. The achievements attained in these species, as well as their applicability to other commercial fish, are discussed. Because of the difficulties relating to germ line competence, mostly of long-term fish ES cells, alternative cell-based approaches such as primordial germ cells and nuclear transfer need to be considered. Although progress to date has been slow, there are promising achievements in homologous recombination and alternative avenues yet to be explored that can bring ES technology in fish to fruition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Alvarez
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain.
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25
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Chen SL, Sha ZX, Ye HQ, Liu Y, Tian YS, Hong Y, Tang QS. Pluripotency and chimera competence of an embryonic stem cell line from the sea perch (Lateolabrax japonicus). MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2007; 9:82-91. [PMID: 17136469 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-006-6050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2006] [Accepted: 07/14/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A stable GFP-expressing (GFP(+)LJES1) cell strain was developed from the LJES1 cells obtained from sea perch (Lateolabrax japonicus,) embryos. GFP(+)LJES1 cells were induced in vitro by RA to differentiate into a variety of cell types and also had the ability to form embryoid body-like structures in suspension culture. To determine the differentiation potential of LJES1 cells in vivo, GFP(+)LJES1 cells were transplanted into sea perch and zebrafish embryos at mid-blastula stage. Twenty out of 478 transplanted sea perch embryos contained GFP-expressing LJES1 cells 24 h after microinjection. Fifteen chimera embryos developed into fry. In these chimeras, the GFP(+)LJES1 cells contributed to a variety of tissues including the head and trunk. In zebrafish, 221 embryos were microinjected with GFP(+)LJES1 cells and 22 chimera embryos and fries expressing GFP were obtained. Donor GFP(+)LJES1 cells contributed to various tissues in head and trunk of zebrafish embryos and hatched fry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Lin Chen
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Key Lab for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao 266071, China.
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26
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Bryson SP, Joyce EM, Martell DJ, Lee LEJ, Holt SE, Kales SC, Fujiki K, Dixon B, Bols NC. A cell line (HEW) from embryos of haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinius) and its capacity to tolerate environmental extremes. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2006; 8:641-53. [PMID: 16909215 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-005-6163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2005] [Accepted: 05/08/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cell lines can be useful experimental tools for studying marine fish, which are often difficult to routinely obtain and maintain in the laboratory. As few cell lines are available from coldwater marine fish, cultures were initiated from late gastrula embryos of haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) in Leibovitz's L-15 with fetal bovine serum (FBS). From one culture, a cell line (HEW) emerged that has been grown for close to 100 population doublings, was heteroploid, and expressed telomerase activity, all of which suggest HEW is immortal. Growth occurred only if FBS was present and was optimal at 12 to 18 degrees C. Usually most cells had an epithelial-like morphology, but under some conditions, cells drew up into round central bodies from which radiated cytoplasmic extensions with multiple branches. These neural-like cells appeared within a few hours of cultures being placed at 28 degrees C or being switch to a simple salt solution (SSS). At 28 degrees C, cells died within 24 h. In SSS, HEW cells survived as a monolayer for at least 7 days. The sensitivity of HEW cells to morphological change and their capacity to withstand starvation should make them useful for investigating cellular responses to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve P Bryson
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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27
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Hinsch K, Zupanc GKH. Isolation, cultivation, and differentiation of neural stem cells from adult fish brain. J Neurosci Methods 2006; 158:75-88. [PMID: 16814391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2006.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2006] [Revised: 05/16/2006] [Accepted: 05/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to mammals, teleost fish are distinct in their ability to continuously produce a tremendous number of new neurons in many regions of the adult brain. In the present study, we have isolated intrinsic stem cells from the telencephalon, corpus cerebelli, and valvula cerebelli of the teleost Apteronotus leptorhynchus and examined their properties in vitro. After 3-4 days in culture, neurospheres developed that grew through cell proliferation and reached diameters of up to 140 microm within 3 weeks. An increase in the number of developing neurospheres could be promoted by addition of epidermal growth factor or basic fibroblast growth factor, but no additive effect was observed after combined treatment. The number of neurospheres could furthermore be enhanced by seeding brain cells at densities of approximately 1 x 10(6). Differentiation conditions were optimal by exposing neurospheres to 10% fetal bovine serum and laminin as coating substrate. Neurosphere cells gave rise to both neurons, immunopositive for Hu-C/D or MAP2 (2a + 2b), and glial cells, immunopositive for glial fibrillary acidic protein or vimentin. Since, in addition to their multipotency, the cells isolated from the adult teleostean brain exhibited the ability for self-renewal, we hypothesize that they are true stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Hinsch
- School of Engineering and Science, International University Bremen, D-28725 Bremen, Germany
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28
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Familari M, Selwood L. The potential for derivation of embryonic stem cells in vertebrates. Mol Reprod Dev 2006; 73:123-31. [PMID: 16177982 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
An analysis of embryonic stem cell (ESC) derivation in vertebrates has revealed that the potential to form ESC is dependent on the setting aside of a pluripotent lineage from extraembryonic lineages early in development. Derivation of ESCs from all amniotes and also many lower vertebrates with that pattern of lineage allocation is thus predictable. Culture conditions during derivation in all groups share some similar characteristics, most of which are related to retaining potency coupled with extensive proliferative capacity. This in turn probably reflects the environment that maintains and causes the primordial germ cells (PGC) to proliferate in vivo. Hence culture usually involves feeder layers and serum or factors derived from them and the use of small clumps of pluriblast or epiblast cells instead of total dissociation, to facilitate cell-cell signalling. Currently addition of FGF has proven to be important but that of LIF has not been fully explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Familari
- Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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29
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Chicken Stem Cells as a Model to Generate Transgenic Chicken: Present and Perspectives. J Poult Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.43.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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30
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Béjar J, Porta J, Borrego JJ, Alvarez MC. The piscine SAF-1 cell line: genetic stability and labeling. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2005; 7:389-95. [PMID: 15976938 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-004-4083-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2004] [Accepted: 11/18/2004] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Fish cell lines are increasingly important research tools. The SAF-1 cell line, fibroblast-like culture derived from the marine fish gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), has proved useful in many applications, especially in viral research. For cell lines intended as in vitro models, characterization of their properties and authentication are essential for deeper understanding of their performance and thus more precise experimental design and applicability. In this study we characterized the SAF-1 cell line in terms of genetic stability through time and genetic labeling. Methods for determining stability include telomerase activity, karyotyping, mapping of ribosomal RNA regions, and DNA content. For genetic labeling 12 microsatellite loci were used. The results indicate that telomerase has been activated in the course of SAF-1 development, and the highest levels of telomerase activity correlate with an increase in cell proliferation, thus supporting a permanent cell line. This stability is in agreement with the normal situation presented by the cytogenetic traits and DNA content values, and the genotypic profile allows SAF-1 authentication at the single individual level. This study increases the value of SAF-1 as an in vitro system, which is now one of the few well-characterized cell lines from a marine fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Béjar
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain.
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31
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Hong Y, Chen S, Gui J, Schartl M. Retention of the developmental pluripotency in medaka embryonic stem cells after gene transfer and long-term drug selection for gene targeting in fish. Transgenic Res 2004; 13:41-50. [PMID: 15070074 DOI: 10.1023/b:trag.0000017172.71391.fa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells provide a unique tool for introducing random or targeted genetic alterations, because it is possible that the desired, but extremely rare recombinant genotypes can be screened by drug selection. ES cell-mediated transgenesis has so far been limited to the mouse. In the fish medaka (Oryzias latipes) several ES cell lines have been made available. Here we report the optimized conditions for gene transfer and drug selection in the medaka ES cell line MES1 as a prelude for gene targeting in fish. MES1 cells gave rise to a moderate to high transfection efficiency by the calcium phosphate co-precipitation (5%), commercial reagents Fugene (11%), GeneJuice (21%) and electroporation (>30%). Transient gene transfer and CAT reporter assay revealed that several enhancers/promoters and their combinations including CMV, RSV and ST (the SV40 virus early gene enhancer linked to the thymidine kinase promoter) were suitable regulatory sequences to drive transgene expression in the MES1 cells. We show that neo, hyg or pac conferred resistance to G418, hygromycin or puromycin for positive selection, while the HSV-tk generated sensitivity to ganciclovir for negative selection. The positive-negative selection procedure that is widely used for gene targeting in mouse ES cells was found to be effective also in MES1 cells. Importantly, we demonstrate that MES1 cells after gene transfer and long-term drug selection retained the developmental pluripotency, as they were able to undergo induced differentiation in vitro and to contribute to various tissues and organs during chimeric embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, Singapore.
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32
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Schartl M, Nanda I, Kondo M, Schmid M, Asakawa S, Sasaki T, Shimizu N, Henrich T, Wittbrodt J, Furutani-Seiki M, Kondoh H, Himmelbauer H, Hong Y, Koga A, Nonaka M, Mitani H, Shima A. Current status of medaka genetics and genomics. The Medaka Genome Initiative (MGI). Methods Cell Biol 2004; 77:173-99. [PMID: 15602912 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-679x(04)77010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Schartl
- Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
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