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Lopes LSF, Schenkel FS, Houlahan K, Rochus CM, Oliveira GA, Oliveira HR, Miglior F, Alcantara LM, Tulpan D, Baes CF. Estimates of genetic parameters for rumination time, feed efficiency, and methane production traits in first lactation Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00055-9. [PMID: 38310964 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The large-scale recording of traits such as feed efficiency and methane emissions for use in genetic improvement programs is complex, costly, and time-consuming. Therefore, heritable traits that can be continuously recorded in dairy herds and are correlated to feed efficiency and methane emission traits could provide useful information for genetic evaluation. Rumination time has been suggested to be associated with feed efficiency, methane production (methane emission in g/day), and production traits at the phenotypic level. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the genetic relationships among rumination time, feed efficiency, methane and production traits using 7,358 records from 656 first lactation Holstein cows. The estimated heritabilities were moderate for rumination time (0.45 ± 0.14), methane production (0.36 ± 0.12), milk yield (0.40 ± 0.08), fat yield (0.29 ± 0.06), protein yield (0.32 ± 0.07), and energy corrected milk (0.28 ± 0.07), while low and non-significant for feed efficiency (0.15 ± 0.07), which was defined as the residual of the multiple linear regression of DMI on ECM and MBW. A favorable negative genetic correlation was estimated between rumination time and methane production (-0.53 ± 0.24), while a positive favorable correlation was estimated between rumination time and energy corrected milk (0.49 ± 0.11). The estimated genetic correlation of rumination time with feed efficiency (-0.01 ± 0.17) was not significantly different from zero but showed a trend of a low correlation with dry matter intake (0.21 ± 0.13, P = 0.11). These results indicate that rumination time is genetically associated with methane production and milk production traits, but high standard errors indicate that further analyses should be conducted to verify these findings when more data for rumination time, methane production and feed efficiency become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S F Lopes
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, N1G 2W1, Guelph, Ontario, Canada;.
| | - F S Schenkel
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, N1G 2W1, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - K Houlahan
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, N1G 2W1, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - C M Rochus
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, N1G 2W1, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - G A Oliveira
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, N1G 2W1, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - H R Oliveira
- Lactanet Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1K 1E5
| | - F Miglior
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, N1G 2W1, Guelph, Ontario, Canada;; Lactanet Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1K 1E5
| | - L M Alcantara
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, N1G 2W1, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Tulpan
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, N1G 2W1, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - C F Baes
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, N1G 2W1, Guelph, Ontario, Canada;; Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland..
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Antanaitis R, Juozaitienė V, Džermeikaitė K, Bačėninaitė D, Šertvytytė G, Danyla E, Rutkauskas A, Viora L, Baumgartner W. Change in Rumination Behavior Parameters around Calving in Cows with Subclinical Ketosis Diagnosed during 30 Days after Calving. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040595. [PMID: 36830382 PMCID: PMC9951675 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that cows with SCK (blood BHB over >1.2 mmol/L) diagnosed within the first 30 days of calving can be predicted by changes in rumination and activity behavioral parameters in the period before calving and indeed subsequently. A total of 45 cows were randomly selected from 60 dry cows from at least 40 days before calving. All the cows were fitted with RuniWatch sensors monitoring both intake behaviors (faceband) and general movement and activity behavior (pedometer) (RWS-ITIN + HOCH, Switzerland). Following an adaptation period of 10 days, rumination, eating, and activity parameters were monitored for 30 days before calving and 30 days after calving. Considering the design of the study, we divided the data of cows into three stages for statistical evaluation: (1) the last thirty days before calving (from day -30 to -1 of the study); (2) day of calving; and (3) the first thirty days after calving (from day 1 to 30 of the study). We found that before calving, those cows with a higher risk of having SCK diagnosed after calving had lower rumination time, eating time, drinking gulps, bolus, chews per min, chews per bolus, downtime, maximal temperature, and activity change. On the calving day, in cows with higher risk of SCK after calving, we found lower rumination time, eating time, chews per min, chews per bolus, uptime, downtime, minimal temperature, other chews, eating chews, drinking time, drinking gulps, activity, average temperature, maximal temperature, activity change, rumination chews, and eating chews. After calving in cows with SCK, we found lower rumination time, eating time 1, eating time 2, bolus, chews per bolus, uptime, downtime, minimal temperature, maximal temperature, rumination chews, and eating chews. Moreover, after calving we found higher drinking gulps, drinking time, activity, activity change, average temperature, other chews, and eating chews in cows with SCK. From a practical point of view, we recommend that by tracking changes in rumination and activity behavior parameters registered with RuniWatch sensors (such as rumination time, eating time, drinking time, drinking gulps, bolus, chews per minute, chews per bolus, downtime, maximal temperature, and activity change) before, during, and after calving, we can identify cows with a higher risk of SCK in the herd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramūnas Antanaitis
- Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence:
| | - Vida Juozaitienė
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, K. Donelaičio 58, LT-44248 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Karina Džermeikaitė
- Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dovilė Bačėninaitė
- Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Greta Šertvytytė
- Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Eduardas Danyla
- Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Arūnas Rutkauskas
- Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Lorenzo Viora
- Scottish Centre for Production Animal Health and Food Safety, School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Walter Baumgartner
- University Clinic for Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
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Hubner A, Canisso IF, Peixoto PM, Coelho WM, Ribeiro L, Aldridge BM, Menta P, Machado VS, Lima FS. Characterization of metabolic profile, health, milk production, and reproductive outcomes of dairy cows diagnosed with concurrent hyperketonemia and hypoglycemia. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:9054-9069. [PMID: 36114055 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this prospective cohort study was to characterize the metabolic profile, health, milk production, and reproductive outcomes of cows diagnosed with hyperketonemia (HK; β-hydroxybutyrate ≥1.2 mmol/L), hypoglycemia (HG; glucose ≤2.2 mmol/L), or concurrent HK and HG (HKHG). Glucose and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in whole blood were assessed using a handheld device (Precision Xtra, Abbott Laboratories) in lactating dairy cows (n = 2,418) between 3 and 9 d postpartum. Cows were categorized into 4 groups: no HK or HG (healthy; Norm = 1,821), HK only (HK = 232), HG only (HG = 161), and concurrent HK and HG (HKHG = 204). Subsequent milk production, along with health and reproductive outcomes, as recorded by farm personnel, were analyzed according to metabolic category. Serum collected on the day of cow-side diagnosis of hyperketonemia and hypoglycemia was evaluated for total calcium (tCa), magnesium (Mg), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), triglycerides (TG), and urea using an automated chemistry analyzer (Randox Daytona; Randox Laboratories Ltd.). Statistical analysis was carried out using SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc.). Hyperketonemia in multiparous cows was associated with greater incidence of metabolic abnormalities (hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, and elevated NEFA and urea). Hyperketonemia in primiparous and multiparous cows led to increased adverse health events (culling rate, retained fetal membranes, puerperal metritis, clinical ketosis, left displaced abomasum) relative to Norm cows. Multiparous cows with HKHG had fewer metabolic disturbances (hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, elevated NEFA) than HK cows. Cows with HKHG had an increased incidence of clinical ketosis and left displaced abomasum relative to Norm cows. Cows with HG had similar metabolic profiles to Norm cows and had lower incidence of retained fetal membranes and puerperal metritis than cows with HK. Multiparous cows with HG produced more milk than Norm cows from wk 10 to 20, whereas multiparous cows with HK produced less milk than Norm cows. For primiparous cows, HK did not have a negative effect on milk production compared with Norm cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hubner
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana 61802; Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61802
| | - I F Canisso
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana 61802; Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61802.
| | - P M Peixoto
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana 61802
| | - W M Coelho
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana 61802
| | - L Ribeiro
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana 61802
| | - B M Aldridge
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana 61802
| | - P Menta
- Department of Veterinary Science, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
| | - V S Machado
- Department of Veterinary Science, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
| | - F S Lima
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis 95616.
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Zhang B, Ma X, Huang B, Jiang Q, Loor JJ, Lv X, Zhang W, Li M, Wen J, Yin Y, Wang J, Yang W, Xu C. Transcriptomics of circulating neutrophils in dairy cows with subclinical hypocalcemia. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:959831. [PMID: 36176696 PMCID: PMC9514324 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.959831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypocalcemia is closely associated with inflammatory diseases in dairy cows. Recent research has underscored the key role of calcium in the adaptations of the innate immune system during this period. The main objective in the present study was to compare the transcriptome profiles and analyze differences in the expression of neutrophil (PMNL) immune function-related genes and calcium binding-related genes in hypocalcemic cows. At 2 days postpartum, a concentration >2.10 mmol Ca2+/L was used to classify cows as controls (CON), and a concentration <2.00 mmol Ca2+/L used to classify cows as low-calcium (LCAL) (n = 8 in each group). A routine medical examination was conducted by the attending veterinarian to ensure there were no other complications and that the blood β-hydroxybutyrate was <1.2 mmol/L. Blood was collected from the tail vein (20 mL) to isolate PMNL, and 5 cows in each group were used for RNA sequencing and statistical analysis of gene expression differences. Transcriptome RNA-seq sequencing analysis was via omicsstudio using the R package edgeR. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were used for bioinformatics. The remaining 3 cows in each group were used for validation of RNA sequencing data via quantitative PCR, which confirmed the observed responses. Compared with CON, 158 genes in LCAL were significantly up-regulated and 296 genes were down-regulated. The downregulation of Interleukin-12 (CXCL12), Tubulin beta chain (TUBB1), L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM), and Myeloperoxidase (MPO) indicated a decrease in immune function of PMNL in LCAL cows. The decreased expression of calcium-binding pathway-related genes in PMNL of LCAL cows indicated a decrease in immune function of PMNL likely related to calcium ions. For example, cartilage acid protein 1 (CRTAC1) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase 4 (CAMK4) were significantly reduced in LCAL cows. The upregulation of Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A), Perforin 1 (PRF1), and Homeodomain interacting protein kinase 3 (HIPK3) indicated that LCAL led to greater cell apoptosis and senescence. Overall, the analyses indicated that the reduction in PMNL immune function during hypocalcemia is associated with downregulation of intracellular Ca2+ related genes and upregulation of genes controlling apoptosis and senescence. Together, these alterations contribute to an immunosuppressive state during the transition period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Xinru Ma
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Baoyin Huang
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihaer, China
| | - Qianming Jiang
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Juan J. Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Xinquan Lv
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Jianan Wen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yufeng Yin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Chuang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chuang Xu
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Zhang X, Glosson KM, Bascom SS, Rowson AD, Wang Z, Drackley JK. Metabolic and blood acid-base responses to prepartum dietary cation-anion difference and calcium content in transition dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:1199-1210. [PMID: 34955266 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dairy cows commonly undergo negative Ca balance accompanied by hypocalcemia after parturition. A negative dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) strategy has been used prepartum to improve periparturient Ca homeostasis. Our objective was to determine the influence of a negative DCAD diet with different amounts of dietary Ca on the blood acid-base balance, blood gases, and metabolic adaptation to lactation. Multiparous Holstein cows (n = 81) were blocked into 1 of 3 dietary treatments from 252 d of gestation until parturition: (1) positive DCAD diet and low Ca (CON; containing +6.0 mEq/100 g DM, 0.4% DM Ca); (2) negative DCAD diet and low Ca (ND; -24.0 mEq/100 g DM, 0.4% DM Ca); or (3) negative DCAD diet plus high Ca supplementation (NDCA; -24.1 mEq/100 g DM, 2.0% DM Ca). There were 28, 27, and 26 cows for CON, ND, and NDCA, respectively. Whole blood was sampled at 0, 24, 48, and 96 h after calving for immediate determination of blood acid-base status and blood gases. Serum samples collected at -21, -14, -7, -4, -2, -1, at calving, 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 d relative to parturition were analyzed for metabolic components. Results indicated that cows fed ND or NDCA had lower blood pH at calving but greater pH at 24 h after calving compared with CON. Blood bicarbonate, base excess, and total CO2 (tCO2) concentrations of cows in ND and NDCA groups were less than those of cows in CON at calving but became greater from 24 to 96 h postpartum. The NDCA cows had lower blood bicarbonate, base excess, and tCO2 at 48 h and greater partial pressure of oxygen after calving compared with ND. Cows fed ND or NDCA diets had lower serum glucose concentrations than CON cows before calving but no differences were observed postpartum. Serum concentrations of total protein and albumin were greater prepartum for cows in ND and NDCA groups than for those in CON. Postpartum serum urea N and albumin concentrations tended to be higher for ND and NDCA cows. Cows fed ND or NDCA diets had elevated serum total cholesterol concentration prepartum. During the postpartum period, triglycerides and NEFA of cows fed ND or NDCA diets tended to be lower than those of CON. Cows fed the NDCA diet had greater postpartum total cholesterol in serum and lower NEFA concentration at calving than ND. In conclusion, feeding a prepartum negative DCAD diet altered blood acid-base balance and induced metabolic acidosis at calving, and improved protein and lipid metabolism. Supplementation of high Ca in the negative DCAD diet prepartum was more favorable to metabolic adaptation to lactation in dairy cows than the negative DCAD diet with low Ca.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- Institute of Plateau Animals, Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu, P. R. China 611731; Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production-University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China 611130
| | - K M Glosson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - S S Bascom
- Phibro Animal Health Corporation, Teaneck, NJ 07666-6712
| | - A D Rowson
- Phibro Animal Health Corporation, Teaneck, NJ 07666-6712
| | - Z Wang
- Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production-University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China 611130
| | - J K Drackley
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
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Paudyal S. Using rumination time to manage health and reproduction in dairy cattle: a review. Vet Q 2021; 41:292-300. [PMID: 34586042 PMCID: PMC8547861 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2021.1987581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection of disease is the key to successful management of the dairy cattle which leads to timely treatment and prevention of costs associated with prolonged treatment and reduced milk yield. Electronic systems that allow for monitoring of physiological parameters like rumination, are now commercially available. This review paper discusses different aspects of rumination time that could be used to monitor the health and reproduction of dairy cattle. This review paper explored different areas where rumination time could be utilized in monitoring dairy cattle at calving, during the estrus period, during heat stressed conditions, and to detect diseases and transition cow disorders. In conclusion, rumination time could be used as an indicator of the health status in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Paudyal
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Brown WE, Bradford BJ. Invited review: Mechanisms of hypophagia during disease. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:9418-9436. [PMID: 34099296 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Suppression of appetite, or hypophagia, is among the most recognizable effects of disease in livestock, with the potential to impair growth, reproduction, and lactation. The continued evolution of the field of immunology has led to a greater understanding of the immune and endocrine signaling networks underlying this conserved response to disease. Inflammatory mediators, especially including the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β, are likely pivotal to disease-induced hypophagia, based on findings in both rodents and cattle. However, the specific mechanisms linking a cytokine surge to decreased feeding behavior are more difficult to pin down and likely include direct effects on appetite centers in the brain, alteration of gastric motility, and modulation of other endocrine factors that influence appetite and satiety. These insights into the mechanisms for disease-induced hypophagia have great relevance for management of neonatal calves, mature cows transitioning to lactation, and cows experiencing mastitis; however, it is not necessarily the case that increasing feed intake by any means possible will improve health outcomes for diseased cattle. We explore conflicting effects of hypophagia on immune responses, which may be impaired by the lack of specific substrates, versus apparent benefits for controlling the growth of some pathogens. Anti-inflammatory strategies have shown promise for promoting recovery of feed intake following some conditions but not others. Finally, we explore the potential for early disease detection through automated monitoring of feeding behavior and consider which strategies may be implemented to respond to early hypophagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- W E Brown
- Department of Animal Sciences & Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - B J Bradford
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
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Effects of dietary 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 on the lactation performance, blood metabolites, antioxidant and immune function in dairy cows. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Marino R, Petrera F, Speroni M, Rutigliano T, Galli A, Abeni F. Unraveling the Relationship between Milk Yield and Quality at the Test Day with Rumination Time Recorded by a PLF Technology. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061583. [PMID: 34071233 PMCID: PMC8228303 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Precision livestock farming, by real time monitoring of dairy cows, has the potential to generate a huge amount of data to be used for farm management purposes, as well as in breeding programs. Daily rumination time (RT) recorded by commercial systems is promising in this context because it may be related to individual milk yield and composition. However, it is necessary to assess the ability of sensor data to be used in a predictive model, but also to evaluate and standardize the correct phenotypes, and how they are related to individual variability rather than from other sources. RT data and milk test day (TD) records collected from 691 cows, monitored for thirteen months, were analyzed for the already mentioned goals and to better characterize the effect of high-, medium- and low-level daily RT on milk yield and composition. Our results showed that “animal” in a farm major contributed to the RT total variability, confirming a possible use in breeding program. The higher RT class reported the best productive performance for milk and each solid yield, in spite of a small reduction in their contents, and appears to be related to a higher degree of saturation in the fatty acid profile. Abstract The study aimed to estimate the components of rumination time (RT) variability recorded by a neck collar sensor and the relationship between RT and milk composition. Milk test day (TD) and RT data were collected from 691 cows in three farms. Daily RT data of each animal were averaged for 3, 7, and 10 days preceding the TD date (RTD). Variance component analysis of RTD, considering the effects of farm, cow, parity, TD date, and lactation phase, showed that a farm, followed by a cow, had major contributions to the total variability. The RT10 variable best performed on TD milk yield and quality records across models by a multi-model inference approach and was adopted to study its relationship with milk traits, by linear mixed models, through a 3-level stratification: low (LRT10 ≤ 8 h/day), medium (8 h/day < MRT10 ≤ 9 h/day), and high (HRT10 > 9 h/day) RT. Cows with HRT10 had greater milk, fat, protein, casein, and lactose daily yield, and lower fat, protein, casein contents, and fat to protein ratio compared to MRT10 and LRT10. Higher percentages of saturated fatty acid and lower unsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acid were found in HRT10, with respect to LRT10 and MRT10 observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Marino
- Centro di Ricerca Zootecnia e Acquacoltura, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria (CREA), via Lombardo 11, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (F.P.); (M.S.); (T.R.); (A.G.); (F.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesca Petrera
- Centro di Ricerca Zootecnia e Acquacoltura, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria (CREA), via Lombardo 11, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (F.P.); (M.S.); (T.R.); (A.G.); (F.A.)
| | - Marisanna Speroni
- Centro di Ricerca Zootecnia e Acquacoltura, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria (CREA), via Lombardo 11, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (F.P.); (M.S.); (T.R.); (A.G.); (F.A.)
| | - Teresa Rutigliano
- Centro di Ricerca Zootecnia e Acquacoltura, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria (CREA), via Lombardo 11, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (F.P.); (M.S.); (T.R.); (A.G.); (F.A.)
| | - Andrea Galli
- Centro di Ricerca Zootecnia e Acquacoltura, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria (CREA), via Lombardo 11, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (F.P.); (M.S.); (T.R.); (A.G.); (F.A.)
- Associazione Regionale Allevatori Lombardia (ARAL), via Kennedy 30, 26013 Crema, Italy
| | - Fabio Abeni
- Centro di Ricerca Zootecnia e Acquacoltura, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria (CREA), via Lombardo 11, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (F.P.); (M.S.); (T.R.); (A.G.); (F.A.)
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Pinedo P, Manríquez D, Marotta N, Mongiello G, Risco C, Leenaerts L, Bothe H, Velez J. Effect of oral calcium administration on metabolic status and uterine health of dairy cows with reduced postpartum rumination and eating time. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:178. [PMID: 33926466 PMCID: PMC8082785 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02881-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypocalcemia has detrimental effects on health and performance of dairy cows. As hypocalcemic cows show reduced feed intake, we hypothesized that cows with reduced combined rumination and eating time (CRET) may benefit from Ca supplementation. The objective was to evaluate the effect of postpartum oral Ca administration on metabolic status (Calcium [Ca], fatty acids [FA], and β-Hydroxybutyrate [BHB] serum concentrations) and incidence of puerperal metritis (PM) in dairy cows with reduced postpartum CRET. Cows in an organic-certified dairy, diagnosed with reduced CRET (< 489 min/d; n = 88) during the first day postpartum were assigned into 1 of 2 treatments: i) Calcium administration (CA; n = 45) that received 1 Ca oral capsule (Bovikalc bolus, Boehringer Ingelheim, St. Joseph, MO) containing CaCl2 and CaSO4 (43 g of Ca) once per day, for 3 consecutive days, starting at d 1 postpartum; and ii) Control (CON; n = 43) that did not receive oral Ca. A convenience group consisting of cows with CRET ≥489 min/d was used for comparison and did not receive oral Ca (NOR; n = 96). Results At day 1 postpartum cows with reduced CRET had lower Ca serum concentrations (CA = 2.08 mmol/L; CON = 2.06 mmol/L) compared with NOR cows (2.17 mmol/L). Calcium concentrations at d 3, 5, and 12 postpartum were not different among the three groups. Serum FA concentrations at d 1, 3 and 5 postpartum were higher in both CA and CON cows compared with NOR. At d 12, only CA cows had higher FA concentrations than NOR cows. Serum BHB concentrations at d 3 were highest in CA, with no difference between CON and NOR. At d 5, BHB concentrations were higher in CA, followed by CON, and NOR. No effect was observed for Ca administration on incidence of PM and reproductive performance. CON cows had lower survival at 30 DIM (86.5%) than NOR cows (97.9%). Conclusions The use of remote sensor technology identified cows with reduced rumination and eating time that had lower postpartum serum concentrations of calcium and altered metabolic status. However, oral calcium administration to cows with reduced CRET did not affect incidence of metabolic disorders nor reproductive health and subsequent pregnancy. Although survival at 30 days postpartum was lower for non-Ca supplemented cows, the identification of effective interventions in cows with reduced CRET requires further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Pinedo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1171, USA.
| | - Diego Manríquez
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1171, USA
| | | | | | - Carlos Risco
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078-2005, USA
| | | | - Hans Bothe
- Aurora Organic Farms, Platteville, CO, 80651-9009, USA
| | - Juan Velez
- Aurora Organic Farms, Platteville, CO, 80651-9009, USA
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11
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Hanada M, Wynn S, Reshalaitihan M. Difructose anhydride III improves feed intake immediately after calving in multiparous cows. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Suzuki K, Kondo N, Takagi K, Nishikawa A, Murakami Y, Otsuka M, Tsukano K, Ikeda K, Funakura H, Yasutomi I, Kawamoto S. Validation of the bovine blood calcium checker as a rapid and simple measuring tool for the ionized calcium concentration in cattle. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:767-774. [PMID: 33775988 PMCID: PMC8182322 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Point-of-care (POC) devices that veterinary practitioners can use to easily and rapidly measure blood ionized calcium (iCa) levels in cows immediately after
withdrawing a blood sample on the dairy farm are needed. Aims of present studies was to compare the commercially available ion-selective electrode handheld iCa
meter (bovine blood iCa checker) with the benchtop blood gas analyzer GEM premier 3500 and handheld analyzer i-STAT 1. Sixty-two paired-point whole blood
samples were obtained from three cows with hypocalcemia experimentally induced by Na2-EDTA infusion. Whole blood samples were also obtained from the
36 cows kept on a farm in field conditions. The results using the bovine blood iCa checker correlated with those using the GEM premier 3500 and i-STAT 1. Bovine
blood iCa checker was “compatible” with the GEM premier 3500 and i-STAT 1 because the frequency of differences between the measurements within ± 20% of the mean
were 100% (65/65, >75%) and 90.8% (59/65, >75%), respectively. In the field trial, the blood iCa concentration measured by the bovine blood Ca checker was
significantly positively correlated with that measured by the i-STAT 1 portable analyzer. Bovine blood iCa checker was “compatible” with the i-STAT 1 because
the frequency of differences between the measurements within ± 20% of the mean was 100% (36/36, >75%). Results from these findings, the bovine blood iCa
checker may be applied as a simplified system to measure the iCa concentration in bovine whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Suzuki
- The School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Midorimachi, Bunnkyoudai, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Nao Kondo
- Arekinai Livestock Veterinary Clinic, Hokkaido Higashi Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, 177-3 Kita1senn, Aza Arekinaigenya, Shibecha-cho, Kawakami-gun, Hokkaido 088-2272, Japan
| | - Kaede Takagi
- Ishigaki Bovine Hospital, Okinawa 907-0024, Japan
| | - Akitoyo Nishikawa
- Hamanaka Livestock Veterinary Clinic, Hokkaido Higashi Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, 33 Chanai-Midori, Hamanaka-cho, Akkeshi-gun, Hokkaido 088-1361, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Murakami
- The School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Midorimachi, Bunnkyoudai, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Marina Otsuka
- The School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Midorimachi, Bunnkyoudai, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Tsukano
- The School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Midorimachi, Bunnkyoudai, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Keiko Ikeda
- The School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Midorimachi, Bunnkyoudai, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | | | - Ichiro Yasutomi
- Yubetsu Herd Management Service, 450-3 Baro, Yubetsu, Monbetsu-gun, Hokkaido 093-0731, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawamoto
- The School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Midorimachi, Bunnkyoudai, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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13
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Seely CR, Leno BM, Kerwin AL, Overton TR, McArt JAA. Association of subclinical hypocalcemia dynamics with dry matter intake, milk yield, and blood minerals during the periparturient period. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:4692-4702. [PMID: 33589249 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Subclinical hypocalcemia (SCH) affects many high-producing dairy cows in the postpartum period. Recent work has shown that cows experiencing prolonged or delayed SCH are at increased risk for disease and produce less milk than cows experiencing a transient reduction in or normal concentrations of plasma Ca following parturition. Our objective was to determine the association between different postpartum SCH dynamics with pre- and postpartum dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield, and blood mineral concentrations. Data were retrospectively collected from multiparous Holstein cows (n = 78), and cows were classified into 1 of 4 SCH groups based on mean blood total Ca (tCa) concentrations at 1 and 4 d in milk (DIM): normocalcemic (NC; [tCa] >1.95 mmol/L at 1 DIM and >2.2 mmol/L at 4 DIM, n = 28); transient SCH (tSCH; [tCa] ≤1.95 mmol/L at 1 DIM and >2.2 mmol/L at 4 DIM, n = 27); delayed SCH (dSCH; [tCa] >1.95 mmol/L at 1 DIM and ≤2.2 mmol/L at 4 DIM, n = 6); and persistent SCH (pSCH; [tCa] ≤1.95 mmol at 1 DIM and ≤2.2 mmol/L at 4 DIM, n = 17). Linear mixed models were created to analyze the change in pre- and postpartum DMI, milk yield, and blood mineral concentrations over time as well as differences between SCH groups. Prepartum intake was similar between groups, but the NC and tSCH cows consumed more feed than the pSCH or dSCH cows during the first 3 wk of lactation. The tSCH cows produced more milk than the other 3 groups during the first 6 wk of lactation. Postpartum blood tCa and Mg were different between SCH groups and were highest in the NC cows and lowest in the pSCH cows. Our results suggest that the high level of DMI consumed by the NC and tSCH cows in the postpartum period supported an appropriate homeostatic response to the increased Ca demands of lactation, allowing for higher milk yield compared with their counterparts experiencing delayed or prolonged episodes of SCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Seely
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - B M Leno
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - A L Kerwin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - T R Overton
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - J A A McArt
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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14
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Melendez P, Bartolome J, Roeschmann C, Soto B, Arevalo A, Möller J, Coarsey M. The association of prepartum urine pH, plasma total calcium concentration at calving and postpartum diseases in Holstein dairy cattle. Animal 2020; 15:100148. [PMID: 33573952 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of anionic salts to prevent milk fever in dairy cattle has been an effective nutritional strategy; however, the degree of acidification that determines the most acceptable productive responses and well-being of the cow is still a controversial topic. The objective of this study was to assess urine pH in prepartum Holstein cows fed anionic diets and determine its association with plasma total Ca, Mg, P, β-hydroxyl-butyrate (BHB) concentrations at parturition and the occurrence of peripartum disorders. This investigation consisted of 2 studies. Study 1 was conducted on a grazing dairy. Between February and May 2019, 60 prepartum multiparous cows were tested for urine pH and plasma metabolite concentration at parturition. Total Ca, P, Mg and BHB at day 1 in milk (DIM) were assessed and statistically analyzed by ANOVA (models for polynomial regression). Study 2 was conducted on a drylot dairy farm. Between July 2018 and January 2019, 203 cows were evaluated for urine pH and followed-up for 30 DIM to obtain the incidence of dystocia, stillbirths, milk fever, retained fetal membranes, metritis, clinical mastitis and ketosis. Cows were categorized based on their last urine pH as group 1: pH > 7.0 (n = 135); group 2: pH between 6.0 and 7.0 (n = 46) and group 3: pH < 6.0 (n = 22). A logistic regression model for each health event was conducted considering urine pH group as the main effect. Urine sample was collected at 2.71 ± 2.84 days before parturition. In study 1, there was a quadratic effect of urine pH on total Ca. Total Ca concentration was higher between urine pH 6.0 and 7.0, while decreasing below pH 6.0 and above pH 7.0. There was a trend (P = 0.11) for a quadratic effect of urine pH on the concentration of plasma BHB at parturition. β-Hydroxyl-butyrate was lower approximately between urine pH 6.5 and 7.5. In study 2, the odds for a stillborn in cows with urine pH < 6.0 was 2.39 (95% CI = 1.06-5.40) times the odds for a stillborn in cows with urine pH ≥ 7.0. There was no association between urine pH and the other diseases. In conclusion, cows with prepartum urine pH < 6.0 and >7.0 had lower concentration of plasma total Ca and tended to have a higher concentration of BHB. Cows with urine pH < 6.0 had a higher incidence of stillbirths than cows with urine pH > 7.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Melendez
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA.
| | - J Bartolome
- College of Veterinary Medicine, National University of La Pampa, Santa Rosa 6360, Argentina
| | - C Roeschmann
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - B Soto
- College of Veterinary Medicine, National University of La Pampa, Santa Rosa 6360, Argentina
| | - A Arevalo
- Los Laureles Dairy Farm, Osorno 5390000, Chile
| | - J Möller
- Los Laureles Dairy Farm, Osorno 5390000, Chile
| | - M Coarsey
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
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15
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Maier GU, McNabb B, Pereira R, Bang H, Aly SS, Rossow HA. Effect of continued metabolic acidification into the first 3 days of lactation on blood calcium status in postpartum dairy cattle: A randomized controlled trial. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:11762-11768. [PMID: 33041044 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although incidence of clinical hypocalcemia in postpartum dairy cows is low in US dairies, subclinical hypocalcemia after calving is common and has been associated with metabolic and infectious disease. It is widespread farm practice to feed a diet rich in anions to prepartum dairy cattle to support calcium homeostasis. However, this diet is typically discontinued at parturition, when calcium needs are still high. The objective of this trial was to determine the effects of extending metabolic acidification into the first 3 d of lactation in multiparous Holstein cows with the use of magnesium chloride (MgCl2) hexahydrate drenches on blood ionized calcium concentrations. Adult Holstein cows at a commercial dairy in their second or higher lactation, with a urine pH of 6.8 or less on the day of calving, were randomly assigned to either treatment or control groups, resulting in 13 cows in the treatment group and 14 cows in the control group. Treatment cows received 480 g of oral MgCl2 hexahydrate once daily for 3 d for continued acidification starting on the day of calving, whereas cows in the control group received no treatment. Urine pH was measured daily for 5 d, starting on the day of calving (0 DIM), to assess acidification status; blood was collected on day of calving (0 DIM), 2 DIM, and 4 DIM and analyzed for ionized calcium concentrations. Differences in blood ionized calcium and urine pH over time were compared using longitudinal data analysis. Urine pH was lower in treatment cows compared with control cows at 1, 2, and 3 DIM. Blood ionized calcium concentrations were different from baseline, taken at enrollment (0 DIM) and at 2 and 4 DIM in both treatment and control cows. However, no difference was detectable between treatment and control cows at 2 or 4 DIM with respect to blood ionized calcium concentrations. Oral supplementation with MgCl2 hexahydrate resulted in the desired acidification of urine pH in the treatment group, similar to feeding of an anionic close-up diet. Continued acidification of dairy cows until 2 DIM did not result in clinically meaningful higher blood calcium concentrations compared with controls, and further research is needed, to identify physiological reasons for this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- G U Maier
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 95616.
| | - Bret McNabb
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 95616
| | - Richard Pereira
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 95616
| | - Heejung Bang
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, 95616
| | - Sharif S Aly
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 95616; Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, 95616
| | - Heidi A Rossow
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 95616; Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Tulare 93274
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16
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Wilkens MR, Nelson CD, Hernandez LL, McArt JA. Symposium review: Transition cow calcium homeostasis—Health effects of hypocalcemia and strategies for prevention. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:2909-2927. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Gobikrushanth M, Macmillan K, Behrouzi A, López-Helguera I, Hoff B, Colazo M. Circulating Ca and its relationship with serum minerals, metabolic and nutritional profiles, health disorders, and productive and reproductive outcomes in dairy cows. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.103946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Rodrigues R, Cooke RF, Ferreira HAO, Florido RR, Camargo V, de Godoy HO, Bruni GA, Vasconcelos JLM. Impacts of subclinical hypocalcemia on physiological, metabolic, and productive responses of Holstein × Gir dairy cows. Transl Anim Sci 2020; 4:txaa016. [PMID: 32705016 PMCID: PMC7201084 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txaa016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared physiological and productive parameters in ¾ Holstein × ¼ Gir dairy cows diagnosed or not with subclinical hypocalcemia (SCH) during early lactation. Nonlactating, multiparous cows (n = 32) were enrolled in this experiment 21 d prior to expected date of calving. Cows were maintained in a single pen with ad libitum access to corn silage before calving and received a limit-fed prepartum concentrate. Cow body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) were recorded weekly, and blood samples were collected on days −21, −14, −9, −6, and −3 relative to expected calving. After calving (day 0), cows were managed in a single pen with ad libitum access to a total mixed ration, and were milked twice daily. Cow BW and BCS were recorded upon calving and then weekly. Milk production was recorded daily and milk samples collected weekly until 30 d in milk (DIM). Blood was collected during the first 5 DIM, and at 6, 9, 16, 23, and 30 DIM. Cows were classified with SCH when mean total serum Ca during the first 5 DIM was ≤2.125 mmol/L. Cows diagnosed with SCH (n = 11) had less (P ≤ 0.04) mean BCS (2.85 vs. 3.07; SEM = 0.07) and less concentrations of serum insulin (0.396 vs. 0.738 ppmol/L; SEM = 0.115) and insulin-like growth factor I (35.9 vs. 57.9 ng/mL; SEM = 4.2), and these outcomes were noted since 21 d prior to expected calving. Cows diagnosed with SCH had greater (P < 0.01) serum concentrations of cortisol at calving (30.2 vs. 22.4 ng/mL; SEM = 2.0), serum haptoglobin at 3 and 6 DIM (0.453 vs. 0.280 mg/mL on day 3 and 0.352 vs. 0.142 mg/mL on day 6; SEM = 0.046), and tended (P = 0.09) to have greater mean concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids from calving to 30 DIM (0.368 vs. 0.304 μEq/L; SEM = 0.026). No differences were detected (P ≥ 0.41) for cow BW and milk production. Cows diagnosed with SCH had less (P = 0.05) mean concentrations of milk total solids (13.2 vs. 13.8 %; SEM = 0.21), tended to have less (P ≤ 0.10) mean concentrations of milk fat (4.34 vs. 4.81 %; SEM = 0.20), protein (3.31 vs. 3.45 %; SEM = 0.05), and lactose (4.45 vs. 4.55 %; SEM = 0.04), and had greater (P = 0.02) milk somatic cell count during the initial 14 DIM (504 vs. 140 cells/μL; SEM = 90). Collectively, Holstein × Gir cows diagnosed with SCH upon calving had altered periparturient physiological parameters denoting reduced energy nutritional, increased milk somatic cell count, and less concentration of milk components during early lactation compared with normocalcemic cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Rodrigues
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Hingryd A O Ferreira
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Renato R Florido
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Victoria Camargo
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Hirys O de Godoy
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Giulia A Bruni
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - José L M Vasconcelos
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
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19
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Goff JP, Hohman A, Timms LL. Effect of subclinical and clinical hypocalcemia and dietary cation-anion difference on rumination activity in periparturient dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:2591-2601. [PMID: 31980230 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Rumination involves a complex series of muscle contractions that bring a bolus of ingesta to the mouth for further mastication before it is swallowed again. Healthy cows ruminate 8 to 9 h/d. Hypocalcemia is known to disrupt nerve and muscle function. Our hypothesis was that hypocalcemia in periparturient cows would reduce rumination activity. Twenty-six Holstein cows entering their third lactation or greater were fed a control diet [dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) = +196 mEq/kg of dry matter (DM)] or a low DCAD diet supplemented with anions (DCAD = -9 mEq/kg of DM) prepartum. Periparturient plasma Ca concentration and rumination rate were determined. Four of 12 control cows developed clinical milk fever, necessitating intravenous Ca therapy. Rumination rate decreased in all cows around the time of calving. Rumination rate on the first and second day of lactation was highly correlated with the cow's plasma Ca concentration on the first day of lactation. In one of our statistical models, a normocalcemic cow was defined as a cow whose plasma Ca concentration remained above 2.00 mM. Cows were retrospectively classified as normocalcemic, subclinically hypocalcemic, or clinically hypocalcemic (milk fever). Only 4 cows were considered normocalcemic, and all had been fed the low DCAD diet. Normocalcemic cows spent more time ruminating on the first day after calving than subclinically hypocalcemic cows or cows with milk fever. Cows with milk fever had a lower rumination rate than normocalcemic cows through d 3 of lactation. Rumination activity in cows with milk fever was almost nondetectable in the hours before and after intravenous Ca treatment for an extended period, despite the return of muscle function that allowed the cows to stand and eructate following treatment. Other statistical models using different definitions of normocalcemia gave qualitatively similar results. Diet had a great effect on plasma Ca concentration and rumination rate. Even when cows with clinical milk fever were removed from the control cow data set, cows on the low DCAD diet had significantly greater plasma Ca concentrations in the first 36 h after calving and a higher rumination rate on d 1 of lactation (248 ± 26 min) than control cows (158 ± 32 min).
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Goff
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011.
| | - A Hohman
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - L L Timms
- Animal Science Department, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
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20
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Brandstetter V, Neubauer V, Humer E, Kröger I, Zebeli Q. Chewing and Drinking Activity during Transition Period and Lactation in Dairy Cows Fed Partial Mixed Rations. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9121088. [PMID: 31817555 PMCID: PMC6941000 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary It is common to feed cows varying levels of forage fibre in the time span before calving to lactation. The resulting changes in chewing time may help to evaluate if diets have adequate fibre content. Using rumination-halters to measure the chewing activities in dairy cows, we found diminished rumination and eating activity, especially around parturition. This indicates ruminal buffering insufficiency and a greater risk for rumen acidification during this period. In addition, reduced eating time in early-lactation cows was accompanied by reduced drinking time. We suggest that monitoring of chewing activity can be useful to assess rumen disorder risks of the cows during the transition period and rumination-halters may also be used as a tool to identify cows which are about to calve. Abstract Dairy cows need sufficient physically effective fibre (peNDF) in their diet to induce chewing with the latter stimulating salivation and maintaining rumen health. Thus, monitoring of chewing activity can be a non-invasive tool to assess fibre adequacy, and thus helping in the optimization of the diet. The objective of this study was to investigate and compare chewing activities of cows during transition period and in the course of lactation. Simmental dairy cows, in four different production groups such as dry period (from 8 to 6 weeks ante-calving), calving (24 h before and after calving), early-lactation (7–60 days in milk), and mid-lactation (60–120 days in milk) were used in the study. Cows were fed partial mixed rations supplemented with different amounts of concentrates. The chewing and drinking activity were recorded using rumination-halters (RumiWatch System, Itin+Hoch GmbH, Liestal, Switzerland). Feed data analysis showed that the peNDF content of the partial mixed ration (PMR) was highest during dry period, decreased around parturition, reaching the nadir in the lactation, in all cases, however, exceeding the peNDF requirements. Chewing data analysis showed that rumination time decreased (p < 0.05) in the time around parturition (from 460 min/d during dry period to 363 min/d 24 h before calving) and increased again in early-lactation (505 min/d), reaching a maximum in mid-lactation (515 min/d). Eating time was lowest for cows during early-lactation (342 min/d) and the highest for those in mid-lactation (462 min/d). Moreover, early-lactation cows spent less time (p < 0.05) drinking (8 min/d) compared to other groups (e.g., 24 min/d the day before calving and 20 min/d postpartum). Monitoring of chewing activity might be a useful tool to assess rumen disorder risks and welfare of the cows during the transition period. It further shows promising results to be used as a tool to identify cows that are shortly before calving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Brandstetter
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (V.B.); (V.N.); (E.H.); (I.K.)
| | - Viktoria Neubauer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (V.B.); (V.N.); (E.H.); (I.K.)
- Institute for Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health—Unit for Food Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- FFoQSI GmbH—Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety & Innovation, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Elke Humer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (V.B.); (V.N.); (E.H.); (I.K.)
| | - Iris Kröger
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (V.B.); (V.N.); (E.H.); (I.K.)
| | - Qendrim Zebeli
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (V.B.); (V.N.); (E.H.); (I.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-25077-3200
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21
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Reynolds MA, Borchers MR, Davidson JA, Bradley CM, Bewley JM. Technical note: An evaluation of technology-recorded rumination and feeding behaviors in dairy heifers. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:6555-6558. [PMID: 31128868 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Precision dairy monitoring technologies have become increasingly popular for recording rumination and feeding behaviors in dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to validate the rumination and feeding time functions of the CowManager SensOor (Agis, Harmelen, the Netherlands) against visual observation in dairy heifers. The study took place over a 44-d period beginning June 1, 2016. Holstein heifers equipped with CowManager SensOor tags attached according to manufacturer specifications (n = 49) were split into 2 groups based on age, diet, and housing type. Group 1 heifers (n = 24) were calves (mean ± SD) 2.0 ± 2.7 mo in age, fed hay and calf starter, and housed on a straw-bedded pack. Group 2 heifers (n = 25) were 17.0 ± 1.3 mo in age, fed a TMR, confirmed pregnant, and housed in freestalls. Visual observation shifts occurred at 1500, 1700, 1900, and 2100 h. Each heifer was observed for 2 hour-long periods, with both observation periods occurring on the same day. Visual observations were collected using a synchronized watch, and "start" and "stop" times were recorded for each rumination and feeding event. For correlations, data from CowManager SensOor tags and observations were averaged, so a single 1-h observation was provided per animal, reducing the potential for confounding repeated measures being collected for each animal. Concordance correlations (CCC; epiR package; R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) and Pearson correlations (r; CORR procedure; SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) were used to calculate association between visual observations and technology-recorded behaviors. Visually observed rumination time was correlated with the CowManager SensOor (r = 0.63, CCC = 0.55). Visually observed feeding time was also correlated with the CowManager SensOor (r = 0.88, CCC = 0.72). The difference between technology-recorded data and visual observation was treated as the dependent variable in a mixed linear model (MIXED procedure of SAS). Time of day, age in months, and group were treated as fixed effects. Individual heifers were treated as random and repeated effects. The effects of time of day, age, and group on rumination and feeding times were not significant. The CowManager SensOor was more effective at recording feeding behavior than rumination behavior in dairy heifers. The CowManager SensOor can be used to provide relatively accurate measures of feeding time in heifers, but its rumination time function should be used with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Reynolds
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546; Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68527; Purina Animal Nutrition Center, Gray Summit, MO 63039
| | - M R Borchers
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546.
| | - J A Davidson
- Purina Animal Nutrition Center, Gray Summit, MO 63039
| | - C M Bradley
- Purina Animal Nutrition Center, Gray Summit, MO 63039
| | - J M Bewley
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546; Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY 40356
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22
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Llonch P, Mainau E, Ipharraguerre IR, Bargo F, Tedó G, Blanch M, Manteca X. Chicken or the Egg: The Reciprocal Association Between Feeding Behavior and Animal Welfare and Their Impact on Productivity in Dairy Cows. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:305. [PMID: 30568940 PMCID: PMC6290056 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding behavior in dairy cattle has a significant impact on feed efficiency, which is important for increasing the profitability of livestock and, at the same time, reducing the environmental impact. Feeding behavior can be measured by feeding time, meal duration, meal frequency, feeding rate, and rumination time. Higher feed intake is related to lower feed efficiency; whereas, an increase in feeding time facilitates chewing, reduces feed particle size and increases its digestibility. More frequent and shorter meals are usually associated with a more efficient use of feed due to improvement of feed digestibility. Rumination time is positively associated with milk production. Impaired health is associated with variations in feeding behavior, which can be used to identify and predict some diseases such as ketosis, mastitis, or lameness. Changes in rumination time are also a reliable indicator of mastitis, lameness, ketosis, abomasal displacement, and the onset of calving. In addition to the cause-effect relationship between disease and changes in feeding behavior, there are also some cases in which changes in feeding behavior may lead to an increased risk of disease, as exemplified by the relationship of feeding rate with sub-acute ruminal acidosis. Feeding behavior is regulated by internal and external factors and some of them are relevant for animal welfare. The main welfare-associated factors influencing feeding behavior are social behavior and temperament, and environmental effects. Cattle are social animals and hierarchy has a notable impact on feeding behavior, especially when access to feed is limited. Competition for feed causes a reduction in the average feeding time but increases feeding rate. Excitable animals visit the feeder more often and spend less time per meal. High environmental temperature affects feeding behavior, as heat-stressed cattle change their feeding pattern by concentrating the feeding events in crepuscular hours, leading to an increased risk of sub-acute ruminal acidosis. In conclusion, feeding behavior is a determinant feature for improving efficiency, productivity and welfare of dairy cattle. Routine assessment of feeding behavior allows monitoring of health and production status of dairy cattle at the individual and farm level, which is a useful tool to optimize the management of livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pol Llonch
- School of Veterinary ScienceAutonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Eva Mainau
- School of Veterinary ScienceAutonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Bargo
- Innovation Division, Lucta S.A.UAB Research Park, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Gemma Tedó
- Innovation Division, Lucta S.A.UAB Research Park, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Marta Blanch
- Innovation Division, Lucta S.A.UAB Research Park, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Xavier Manteca
- School of Veterinary ScienceAutonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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23
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Jeong JK, Kang HG, Kim IH. Associations between serum calcium concentration and postpartum health and reproductive performance in dairy cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 196:184-192. [PMID: 30120012 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the aim was to evaluate the associations between serum calcium concentration after calving and serum metabolites, postpartum disorders, and reproductive performance in dairy cows. Blood samples were collected from 200 Holstein cows immediately and 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after calving to measure serum metabolites and progesterone concentrations. Cows were divided into three groups on the basis of the mean serum calcium concentration after calving: a Low group (<7.9 mg/dL, n = 52), a Moderate group (7.9-9.6 mg/dL, n = 100), and a High group (≥9.7 mg/dL, n = 48). Total cholesterol (TCH) concentration was greater in the High group than in the Moderate group during the postpartum period (P < 0.01). The High group had greater albumin concentrations during the postpartum period (P < 0.01) and glucose concentrations after calving and 1 week postpartum (P < 0.05) than the Low and Moderate groups. The High group had a lesser incidence of retained placenta than the Low (P < 0.1) and Moderate (P < 0.01) groups, and a lesser incidence of clinical endometritis than the Moderate group (P < 0.05). The probability of resuming estrous cyclicity by 8 weeks postpartum was greater in the High group than in the Low group (hazard ratio = 3.71, P < 0.05). In conclusion, greater serum calcium concentration after calving is associated with greater serum TCH, albumin, and glucose concentrations, a lesser incidence of retained placenta, and clinical endometritis, and earlier resumption of estrous cyclicity in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kwan Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea
| | - Hyun Gu Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea
| | - Ill Hwa Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, South Korea.
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24
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Jahani-Moghadam M, Chashnidel Y, Teimouri-Yansari A, Mahjoubi E, Dirandeh E. Effect of oral calcium bolus administration on milk production, concentrations of minerals and metabolites in serum, early-lactation health status, and reproductive performance of Holstein dairy cows. N Z Vet J 2018; 66:132-137. [DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2018.1432427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Jahani-Moghadam
- Department of Animal Science, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, 48181-68984, Iran
| | - Y Chashnidel
- Department of Animal Science, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, 48181-68984, Iran
| | - A Teimouri-Yansari
- Department of Animal Science, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, 48181-68984, Iran
| | - E Mahjoubi
- Department of Animal Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371-38791, Iran
| | - E Dirandeh
- Department of Animal Science, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, 48181-68984, Iran
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25
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Rumination time as a potential predictor of common diseases in high-productive Holstein dairy cows. J DAIRY RES 2017; 84:385-390. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029917000619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We examined the hypothesis that rumination time (RT) could serve as a useful predictor of various common diseases of high producing dairy cows and hence improve herd management and animal wellbeing. We measured the changes in rumination time (RT) in the days before the recording of diseases (specifically: mastitis, reproductive system diseases, locomotor system issues, and gastroenteric diseases). We built predictive models to assess the association between RT and these diseases, using the former as the outcome variable, and to study the effects of the latter on the former. The average Pseudo-R2 of the fitted models was moderate to low, and this could be due to the fact that RT is influenced by other additional factors which have a greater effect than the predictors used here. Although remaining in a moderate-to-low range, the average Pseudo-R2 of the models regarding locomotion issues and gastroenteric diseases was higher than the others, suggesting the greater effect of these diseases on RT. The results are encouraging, but further work is needed if these models are to become useful predictors.
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26
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Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the association between changes in daily rumination time (dRT) and early stages of disease during early lactation and to assess the performance of two proposed disease detection indices. This cohort study included 210 multiparous Holstein cows at the University of Florida Dairy Unit. Cows were affixed with a neck collar containing rumination loggers providing rumination time. The occurrence of health disorders (mastitis, metritis, clinical hypocalcemia, depression/dehydration/fever (DDF), digestive conditions, lameness and clinical ketosis) was assessed until 60 days in milk. Two indices were developed to explore the association between dRT and disease: (i) Cow index (CIx), based on changes in dRT in the affected cow during the days before the diagnosis of health disorders; (ii) Mates index (MIx), index based on deviations in dRT relative to previous days and healthy pen mate cohorts. Subsequently, an alert model was proposed for each index (ACIx and AMIx) considering the reference alert cut-off values as the differences between average index values in healthy and sick cows for each specific disease. The sensitivity (SE) of ACIx detecting disease ranged from 42% (digestive conditions and DDF) to 80% (clinical hypocalcemia) with 84% specificity (SP). The SE of AMIx ranged from 46% (digestive conditions and DDF) to 100% (clinical hypocalcemia) with 85% SP. Consistent reductions in rumination activity, both within cow and relative to healthy mate cohorts, were observed for each health disorder at the day of diagnosis. However, the ability of the proposed algorithms for detecting each specific disease was variable.
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27
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King M, Dancy K, LeBlanc S, Pajor E, DeVries T. Deviations in behavior and productivity data before diagnosis of health disorders in cows milked with an automated system. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:8358-8371. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Towards practical application of sensors for monitoring animal health; design and validation of a model to detect ketosis. J DAIRY RES 2017; 84:139-145. [PMID: 28524012 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029917000188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to design and validate a mathematical model to detect post-calving ketosis. The validation was conducted in four commercial dairy farms in Israel, on a total of 706 multiparous Holstein dairy cows: 203 cows clinically diagnosed with ketosis and 503 healthy cows. A logistic binary regression model was developed, where the dependent variable is categorical (healthy/diseased) and a set of explanatory variables were measured with existing commercial sensors: rumination duration, activity and milk yield of each individual cow. In a first validation step (within-farm), the model was calibrated on the database of each farm separately. Two thirds of the sick cows and an equal number of healthy cows were randomly selected for model validation. The remaining one third of the cows, which did not participate in the model validation, were used for model calibration. In order to overcome the random selection effect, this procedure was repeated 100 times. In a second (between-farms) validation step, the model was calibrated on one farm and validated on another farm. Within-farm accuracy, ranging from 74 to 79%, was higher than between-farm accuracy, ranging from 49 to 72%, in all farms. The within-farm sensitivities ranged from 78 to 90%, and specificities ranged from 71 to 74%. The between-farms sensitivities ranged from 65 to 95%. The developed model can be improved in future research, by employing other variables that can be added; or by exploring other models to achieve greater sensitivity and specificity.
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29
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Towards practical application of sensors for monitoring animal health: the effect of post-calving health problems on rumination duration, activity and milk yield. J DAIRY RES 2017; 84:132-138. [PMID: 28524016 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029917000176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Three sources of sensory data: cow's individual rumination duration, activity and milk yield were evaluated as possible indicators for clinical diagnosis, focusing on post-calving health problems such as ketosis and metritis. Data were collected from a computerised dairy-management system on a commercial dairy farm with Israeli Holstein cows. In the analysis, 300 healthy and 403 sick multiparous cows were studied during the first 3 weeks after calving. A mixed model with repeated measurements was used to compare healthy cows with sick cows. In the period from 5 d before diagnosis and treatment to 2 d after it, rumination duration and activity were lower in the sick cows compared to healthy cows. The milk yield of sick cows was lower than that of the healthy cows during a period lasting from 5 d before until 5 d after the day of diagnosis and treatment. Differences in the milk yield of sick cows compared with healthy cows became greater from 5 to 1 d before diagnosis and treatment. The greatest significant differences occurred 3 d before diagnosis for rumination duration and 1 d before diagnosis for activity and milk yield. These results indicate that a model can be developed to automatically detect post-calving health problems including ketosis and metritis, based on rumination duration, activity and milk yield.
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30
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Rodríguez EM, Arís A, Bach A. Associations between subclinical hypocalcemia and postparturient diseases in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:7427-7434. [PMID: 28690056 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dairy cows suffer blood Ca losses as lactation begins and might be affected by hypocalcemia in its clinical (total serum Ca concentration <1.50 mM) or subclinical form (total serum Ca concentration ≤2.14 mM). Several studies have suggested that hypocalcemia is associated with different health problems of the cow but results from different studies are not consistent. The objective of this study was to assess potential associations between subclinical hypocalcemia (SCHC) and displaced abomasum, intramammary infections, metritis, retained placenta, and ketosis. Also, the associations between SCHC and milk yield and reproductive function were evaluated. After discarding cows (32) with clinical hypocalcemia, a total of 764 cows from 6 different commercial farms were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were collected at 24 to 48 h postcalving and analyzed for total Ca concentration. Odds ratios of the different afflictions potentially associated with SCHC were calculated. Seventy-eight percent of the analyzed cows incurred SCHC. The occurrence of displaced abomasum, ketosis, retained placenta, and metritis was 3.7, 5.5, 3.4, and 4.3 times more likely, respectively, in cows that had SCHC than in cows with normocalcemia. Furthermore, the risk of incurring retained placenta or metritis increased in multiparous cows as serum Ca concentrations decreased compared with that in primiparous cows. Normocalcemic cows, independent of parity, were more likely to show their first estrus sooner after calving than SCHC cows, but no correlation was found between SCHC and other reproductive parameters. Different serum Ca concentration cutoffs were identified for several postpartum afflictions (≤1.93, ≤2.05, ≤2.05, and ≤2.10 mM for ketosis, retained placenta, metritis, and displaced abomasum, respectively). In conclusion, SCHC, defined as serum Ca ≤2.14 mM, is a frequent illness affecting the majority of the dairy cows with important repercussions on health. However, if SCHC were to be used to predict postpartum disease, different serum Ca cutoff points are likely to be needed because best predictive cutoff values varied among postpartum ketosis, displaced abomasum, retained placenta, and metritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Rodríguez
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - A Arís
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - A Bach
- Department of Ruminant Production, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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31
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Pinedo P, Velez J, Solano G, Rodriguez N, Naves J, Schuenemann GM, Risco C. Effect of oral calcium administration on the cure and reproductive performance of Holstein cows diagnosed with puerperal metritis. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:2917-2927. [PMID: 28215890 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate the effect of oral calcium administration on clinical cure, survival, subsequent presentation of peripartal health disorders, and reproductive performance of Holstein cows diagnosed with puerperal metritis (PM) under certified organic management. A second objective was to evaluate the metabolic status at calving and at the time of PM diagnosis (d 0) in affected and matched healthy cows. Cows diagnosed with PM (n = 200) were assigned randomly to receive 1 of 2 treatments: (1) control received 3.75 mL of Optimum UterFlush [Van Beek Natural Science, Orange City, IA, containing yucca extract, cinnamaldehyde, thymol, and a proprietary blend of carvacrol (4-isopropyl-2-methylphenol, at 0.47 g/mL)] diluted in 117 mL of distilled water by intrauterine infusion, administered every other day for a total of 3 treatments (n = 100); (2) calcium-supplemented (CA) received the same intrauterine treatment plus 6 oral capsules providing calcium ('O' Cal-D Cap, Bio-Vet Inc., Barneveld, WI; 7.5-9.0 g of Ca/capsule) once per day, for 3 consecutive days after diagnosis of PM. All cows received hypertonic saline solution (500 mL of 7.2% solution i.v. once), dextrose (500 mL of 50% solution i.v. once), and oral aspirin (5 boluses/d for 3 d). Outcome variables included fever, presence of fetid vaginal discharge, and uterine score at d 6 and 14 after diagnosis, survival at 30 and 100 d in milk, reproductive performance, and incidence of other health disorders after PM. A group of 200 control healthy cows (CH) was matched with PM cows at d 0, and calcium and fatty acid serum concentrations were determined at calving and at the day of diagnosis of PM (d 0). Calcium status was also assessed in PM cows at d 1, 2, 3, and 6 after diagnosis. Treatment effects were tested by logistic regression, repeated measures analysis, and ANOVA. Average calcium serum concentrations at d 0 were lower in PM cows (1.57 mmol/L) compared with CH cows (2.10 mmol/L). In PM cows, calcium concentrations at d 1, 2, 3, and 6 after diagnosis were significantly higher in the CA group. Fatty acid serum concentrations at calving and at d 0 were higher in PM cows compared with CH cows (0.48 vs. 0.37 mmol/L and 0.49 vs. 0.35 mmol/L, for calving and d 0). No effect was observed for calcium administration on health and survival outcomes. However, the proportion of cows inseminated by 150 d in milk was greater for CA compared with control cows (66 vs. 55%). In conclusion, supplementing oral calcium at the time of diagnosing PM had no effect on health. High fatty acid concentrations at calving were significant risk factors for occurrence of PM. Furthermore, cows affected with PM had lower calcium and higher fatty acid concentrations than CH cows at d 0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Pinedo
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University System, Amarillo 79106; Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University System, College Station 77843.
| | - Juan Velez
- Aurora Organic Farms, Platteville, CO 80651
| | | | | | - Julianne Naves
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo M Schuenemann
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - Carlos Risco
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
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32
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Kovács L, Kézér F, Ruff F, Szenci O. Rumination time and reticuloruminal temperature as possible predictors of dystocia in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:1568-1579. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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33
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Schirmann K, Weary D, Heuwieser W, Chapinal N, Cerri R, von Keyserlingk M. Short communication: Rumination and feeding behaviors differ between healthy and sick dairy cows during the transition period. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:9917-9924. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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34
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Amanlou H, Akbari A, Farsuni N, Silva-del-Río N. Effects of subcutaneous calcium administration at calving on mineral status, health, and production of Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:9199-9210. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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35
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A decision-tree model to detect post-calving diseases based on rumination, activity, milk yield, BW and voluntary visits to the milking robot. Animal 2016; 10:1493-500. [PMID: 27221983 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731116000744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection of post-calving health problems is critical for dairy operations. Separating sick cows from the herd is important, especially in robotic-milking dairy farms, where searching for a sick cow can disturb the other cows' routine. The objectives of this study were to develop and apply a behaviour- and performance-based health-detection model to post-calving cows in a robotic-milking dairy farm, with the aim of detecting sick cows based on available commercial sensors. The study was conducted in an Israeli robotic-milking dairy farm with 250 Israeli-Holstein cows. All cows were equipped with rumination- and neck-activity sensors. Milk yield, visits to the milking robot and BW were recorded in the milking robot. A decision-tree model was developed on a calibration data set (historical data of the 10 months before the study) and was validated on the new data set. The decision model generated a probability of being sick for each cow. The model was applied once a week just before the veterinarian performed the weekly routine post-calving health check. The veterinarian's diagnosis served as a binary reference for the model (healthy-sick). The overall accuracy of the model was 78%, with a specificity of 87% and a sensitivity of 69%, suggesting its practical value.
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36
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Braun U, Zürcher S, Hässig M. Evaluation of eating and rumination behaviour in 300 cows of three different breeds using a noseband pressure sensor. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:231. [PMID: 26340937 PMCID: PMC4560880 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0549-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating and rumination variables were recorded in 300 healthy lactating dairy cows of 3 different breeds (100 Brown Swiss, 100 Holstein-Friesian, 100 Swiss Fleckvieh cows). Eating and rumination variables were monitored during a 24-h period using an automated system that recorded jaw movements via a pressure sensor integrated into the noseband of a halter. Phases of eating and rumination were reliably identified in the recordings based on typical patterns seen in previous studies. The variables analysed included duration of eating and rumination, number of chewing cycles during eating and rumination, number of regurgitated cuds and number of chewing cycles per cud. RESULTS The cows ate for an average of 265 ± 54 min and chewed 17,077 ± 3646 times per day. The duration of rumination was 441 ± 71 min, there were 578 ± 94 cuds per day and 55 ± 10 chewing cycles per cud. There were significant correlations (P < 0.01) between duration of eating and number of chewing cycles during eating (r = 0.94), between duration of rumination and number of chewing cycles per regurgitated cud (r = 0.56) and between duration of rumination and number of regurgitated cuds per day (r = 0.53). CONCLUSIONS The eating and rumination variables established in the present study reflect the current conditions of Swiss dairy farming and serve as reference intervals for assessing sick cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ueli Braun
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Susanne Zürcher
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Hässig
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Eating and rumination activity in 10 cows over 10 days. Res Vet Sci 2015; 101:196-8. [PMID: 26008646 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Eating and rumination activities were evaluated in 10 Brown Swiss cows over 10 days, and the coefficients of variation (CV) were calculated for the investigated variables. A pressure sensor integrated into the noseband of a halter recorded jaw movements during chewing, which allowed the recording of eating and rumination times and the number of regurgitated boluses. The mean CVs ranged from 5.9 to 12.7% and were smaller for rumination (chewing cycles per bolus, 5.9%; daily number of cuds, 8.4%; rumination time, 9.1%) than for eating (eating time, 12.0%; chewing cycles related to eating, 12.7%). We concluded that of eating and rumination variables examined, the number of chewing cycles per regurgitated bolus is the most robust with little variation in individual cows.
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Calamari L, Soriani N, Panella G, Petrera F, Minuti A, Trevisi E. Rumination time around calving: an early signal to detect cows at greater risk of disease. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:3635-47. [PMID: 24731630 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this experiment was to evaluate the use of rumination time (RT) during the peripartum period as a tool for early disease detection. The study was carried out in an experimental freestall barn and involved 23 Italian Friesian cows (9 primiparous and 14 multiparous). The RT was continuously recorded by using an automatic system (Hr-Tag, SCR Engineers Ltd., Netanya, Israel), and data were summarized in 2-h intervals. Blood samples were collected from 30 d before calving to 42 d in milk (DIM) to assess biochemical indicators related to energy, protein, and mineral metabolism, as well as markers of inflammation and some enzyme activities. The liver functionality index, which includes some negative acute-phase proteins and related parameters (albumin, cholesterol, and bilirubin), was used to evaluate the severity of inflammatory conditions occurring around calving. The cows were retrospectively categorized according to RT observed between 3 and 6 DIM into those with the lowest (L) and highest (H) RT. The average RT before calving (-20 to -2d) was 479 min/d (range 264 to 599), reached a minimum value at calving (30% of RT before calving), and was nearly stable after 15 DIM (on average 452 min/d). Milk yield in early lactation (on average 26.8 kg/d) was positively correlated with RT (r = 0.33). After calving, compared with H cows, the L cows had higher values of haptoglobin (0.61 and 0.34 g/L at 10 DIM in L and H, respectively) for a longer time, had a greater increase in total bilirubin (9.5 and 5.7 μmol/L at 5 DIM in L and H), had greater reductions of albumin (31.2 and 33.5 g/L at 10 DIM in L and H) and paraoxonase (54 and 76 U/ml at 10 DIM in L and H), and had a slower increase of total cholesterol (2.7 and 3.2 mmol/L at 20 DIM in L and H). Furthermore, a lower average value of liver functionality index was observed in L (-6.97) compared with H (-1.91) cows. These results suggest that severe inflammation around parturition is associated with a slower increase of RT after calving. Furthermore, more than 90% of the cows in the L group had clinical diseases in early lactation compared with 42% of the H cows. Overall, our results demonstrate the utility of monitoring RT around calving, and in particular during the first week of lactation, as a way to identify in a timely fashion those cows at a greater risk of developing a disease in early lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Calamari
- Istituto di Zootecnica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense, 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
| | - N Soriani
- Istituto di Zootecnica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense, 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - G Panella
- Azienda Sperimentale "Vittorio Tadini," 29027 Gariga di Podenzano, Piacenza, Italy
| | - F Petrera
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura (Centro di Ricerca per le Produzioni Foraggere e Lattiero-Casearie), sede di Cremona, via Porcellasco 7, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - A Minuti
- Istituto di Zootecnica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense, 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - E Trevisi
- Istituto di Zootecnica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense, 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
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Büchel S, Sundrum A. Short communication: Decrease in rumination time as an indicator of the onset of calving. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:3120-7. [PMID: 24612813 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether rumination time (RT) is affected by the onset of calving. The relationship between both feeding time and dry matter intake (DMI) to the onset of calving was also examined. In addition, the correlation between feeding behavior characteristics, described here as RT, feeding time, and DMI, was evaluated. Under test conditions, the feeding behavior of pregnant Holstein cows was recorded from the time when they were moved into calving pens (usually 7 to 5d prepartum) until the onset of calving. Feeding time and DMI were recorded by automatic feed bins; RT was measured continuously by a measuring halter based on electromyography (DairyCheck; BITSz Engineering GmbH, Zwickau, Germany), which constitutes a new approach regarding feeding behavior detection. Data analysis related to the final 72 h, before the onset of calving, which were divided into twelve 6-h blocks. The last 6h (one 6-h block) before calving were compared with the 72- to 7-h time frame (11 times 6-h blocks) before calving, which was defined as the reference period. For this time period, feeding behavior data for 17 cows was fully available, which was the precondition for data analysis. In the final 6h before imminent birth, RT was significantly reduced. During this time, it was found that the mean minimum RT was 69.9 ± 28.5 min/6h compared with the mean RT of 95.5 ± 30.8 min/6h in the reference period. The average decrease in RT was 27% (25.6 min/6h). In addition, feeding time and DMI were significantly reduced. The average decrease in feeding time was 57% (20.8 min/6h), and in DMI it was 56% (1.9 kg/6h). High correlation coefficients between feeding behavior characteristics were only found between feeding time and DMI. Values of feeding behavior among cows were characterized by high variability. Recording RT can serve as a useful tool for predicting the timing of birth for dairy cows, but further research is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Büchel
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Health, University of Kassel, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany.
| | - A Sundrum
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Health, University of Kassel, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
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Martinez N, Sinedino L, Bisinotto R, Ribeiro E, Gomes G, Lima F, Greco L, Risco C, Galvão K, Taylor-Rodriguez D, Driver J, Thatcher W, Santos J. Effect of induced subclinical hypocalcemia on physiological responses and neutrophil function in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:874-87. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Braun U, Trösch L, Nydegger F, Hässig M. Evaluation of eating and rumination behaviour in cows using a noseband pressure sensor. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:164. [PMID: 23941142 PMCID: PMC3751437 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An automated technique for recording eating and rumination behaviour was evaluated in ten lactating Brown Swiss cows by comparing data obtained from a pressure sensor with data obtained via direct observation over a 24-hour period. The recording device involved a pressure sensor integrated in the noseband of a halter. The analysed variables included number and duration of individual rumination, eating and resting phases, total daily length of these phases and number of cuds chewed per day. Results Eating and rumination phases were readily differentiated based on characteristic pressure profiles. Chewing movements during rumination were regular and generated regular waveforms with uniform amplitudes, whereas eating generated irregular waveforms with variable amplitudes. There was complete or almost complete agreement and no significant differences between data obtained via direct observation and pressure sensor technique. Both methods yielded an average of 16 daily eating phases with a mean duration of 28.3 minutes. Total time spent eating was 445.0 minutes for direct observation and 445.4 minutes for the pressure sensor technique. Both techniques recorded an average of 13.3 rumination phases with a mean duration of 30.3 (direct observation) and of 30.2 (pressure sensor) minutes. Total time spent ruminating per day, number of cuds per day and chewing cycles per cud were 389.3 and 388.3 minutes, 410.1 and 410.0 and 60.0 and 60.3 for direct observation and pressure sensor technique, respectively. There was a significant difference between the two methods with respect to mean number of chewing cycles per day (24′669, direct observation vs. 24′751, pressure sensor, P < 0.05, paired t-test). There were strong correlations between the two recording methods with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.98 to 1.00. Conclusions The results confirmed that measurements of eating and rumination variables obtained via the pressure sensor technique are in excellent agreement with data obtained via direct observation.
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Albornoz RI, Aschenbach JR, Barreda DR, Penner GB. Feed restriction reduces short-chain fatty acid absorption across the reticulorumen of beef cattle independent of diet. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:4730-8. [PMID: 23942717 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-6223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the forage-to-concentrate ratio (F:C) of diets fed before and during short-term feed restriction (FR) on rumen fermentation, absorptive capacity of the reticulorumen, and apparent total tract digestibility. Twenty ovariectomized and ruminally cannulated Angus × Hereford heifers were blocked by BW and individually penned in box stalls (9 m(2)), having free access to water throughout the study. Heifers were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 dietary treatments, receiving either a high forage diet (HF; F:C of 92:8) or a moderate forage diet (MF; F:C of 60:40). Diets were fed ad libitum for 14 d before 5 d of baseline measurements (BASE) followed by 5 d of FR where heifers were restricted to 25% of ad libitum DMI relative to BASE. Dry matter intake was measured daily and ruminal pH was recorded every 2 min throughout the study. Ruminal fluid and blood samples were collected on d 3 of BASE and FR whereas short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) absorption was assessed in vivo using the isolated washed reticulorumen technique on d 5 of BASE and FR. Indigestible NDF was used as a marker to estimate apparent total tract digestibility. Diet × period interactions (P = 0.030 and 0.025) were detected for DMI and ruminal SCFA concentration, respectively. The interaction was the result of greater DMI and numerically greater SCFA concentration for MF than HF during BASE, with a reduction observed for both during FR, although treatment effects were no longer present. Period effects (BASE vs. FR) but not treatment effects (P > 0.05) were detected for mean ruminal pH (P < 0.001) and the total SCFA absorption rate (mmol/h; P = 0.038). During BASE, mean pH was reduced (6.4 vs. 6.9) and the SCFA absorption rate was greater relative to FR (674.5 vs. 554.8 mmol/h). Diet (P < 0.001) and period (P < 0.001) effects were detected for DM and OM digestibility with greater digestibility occurring for heifers fed MF than HF (70.5 vs. 63.3% for DM and 73.0 vs. 66% for OM) and greater digestibility during FR than BASE (69.5 vs. 64.3% for DM and 71.7 vs. 67.2% for OM). During FR, NDF digestibility was also greater than during BASE (P < 0.001; 62.4 vs. 55.8%). The effect of FR on serum NEFA differed by diet (diet × period, P < 0.001) with NEFA being greater for heifers fed HF than MF during FR (474.4 vs. 377.7 μEq/mL, respectively) with no differences observed between HF and MF during BASE. It can be concluded that severe short-term FR had a negative impact on ruminal SCFA absorption and energy balance and that altering the F:C of the diet does not mitigate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R I Albornoz
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
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Soriani N, Panella G, Calamari L. Rumination time during the summer season and its relationships with metabolic conditions and milk production. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:5082-94. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-6620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Martinez N, Risco C, Lima F, Bisinotto R, Greco L, Ribeiro E, Maunsell F, Galvão K, Santos J. Evaluation of peripartal calcium status, energetic profile, and neutrophil function in dairy cows at low or high risk of developing uterine disease. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:7158-72. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Soriani N, Trevisi E, Calamari L. Relationships between rumination time, metabolic conditions, and health status in dairy cows during the transition period1. J Anim Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-5064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Relationship between incidence of milk fever and feeding of minerals during the last 3 weeks of gestation. Animal 2012; 6:1316-21. [DOI: 10.1017/s175173111200033x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Schirmann K, von Keyserlingk M, Weary D, Veira D, Heuwieser W. Technical note: Validation of a system for monitoring rumination in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2009; 92:6052-5. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Calcium homeostasis, acid–base balance, and health status in periparturient Holstein cows fed diets with low cation–anion difference. Livest Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2007.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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