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Xu G, Zhu H, Zhang M, Xu J. Histone deacetylase 3 is associated with gastric cancer cell growth via the miR-454-mediated targeting of CHD5. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:155-163. [PMID: 29115379 PMCID: PMC5746286 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in China and worlwide; hence, the identification of GC-related genes is necessary for the development of effective treatment strategies. In this study, histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) was identified as the most significantly upregulated cancer-related gene in GC tissues by microarray. In accordance with this, HDAC3 expression was found to be upregulated in GC cell lines/tissues. Further experiments indicated that the knockdown of HDAC3 decreased GC cell viability, reduced the colony formation number and decreased tumor weight. To explore the underlying mechanisms, the overexpression of HDAC3 was induced by transfection with an overexpression plasmid, followed by miRNA microarray, and we identified miR-454 as the most markedly upregulated miRNA. Accordingly, miR-454 expression was upregulated in GC cell lines/tissues and a high level of miR-454 indicated a high HDAC3 expression in GC tissues, and miR-454 knockdown reduced cell viability. In addition, a high level of miR-454 was significantly associated with an advanced clinical stage, lymph node metastases and a poor prognosis of patients with GC. Furthermore, CHD5 was identified as a direct target of miR-454. CHD5 was downregulated in GC tissues/cell lines and the expresssion of CHD5 inversely correlated with the level of miR-454 in GC tissues. Taken together, these observations indicate that HDAC3 is associated with GC cell growth via the miR-454-mediated targeting of CHD5.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Minghui Zhang
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Pudong, Shanghai 201299, P.R. China
| | - Jinhua Xu
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Pudong, Shanghai 201299, P.R. China
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Schmidt AY, Hansen TVO, Ahlborn LB, Jønson L, Yde CW, Nielsen FC. Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Detection of Germline Copy Number Variations in BRCA1/BRCA2: Validation of a One-Step Diagnostic Workflow. J Mol Diagn 2017; 19:809-816. [PMID: 28822785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic testing of BRCA1/2 includes screening for single nucleotide variants and small insertions/deletions and for larger copy number variations (CNVs), primarily by Sanger sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). With the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS), it has become feasible to provide CNV information and sequence data using a single platform. We report the use of NGS gene panel sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform and JSI SeqPilot SeqNext software to call germline CNVs in BRCA1 and BRCA2. For validation 18 different BRCA1/BRCA2 CNVs previously identified by MLPA in 48 Danish breast and/or ovarian cancer families were analyzed. Moreover, 120 patient samples previously determined as negative for BRCA1/BRCA2 CNVs by MLPA were included in the analysis. Comparison of the NGS data with the data from MLPA revealed that the sensitivity was 100%, whereas the specificity was 95%. Taken together, this study validates a one-step bioinformatics work-flow to call germline BRCA1/2 CNVs using data obtained by NGS of a breast cancer gene panel. The work-flow represents a robust and easy-to-use method for full BRCA1/2 screening, which can be easily implemented in routine diagnostic testing and adapted to genes other than BRCA1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Y Schmidt
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas V O Hansen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise B Ahlborn
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Jønson
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina W Yde
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Finn C Nielsen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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3
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Madaras L, Balint N, Gyorffy B, Tokes AM, Barshack I, Yosepovich A, Friedman E, Paluch-Shimon S, Zippel D, Baghy K, Timar J, Kovalszky I, Kulka J, Szasz AM. BRCA Mutation-Related and Claudin-Low Breast Cancer: Blood Relatives or Stepsisters? Pathobiology 2015; 83:1-12. [DOI: 10.1159/000439135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Kalniete D, Nakazawa-Miklaševiča M, Štrumfa I, Āboliņš A, Irmejs A, Gardovskis J, Miklaševičs E. High expression of miR-214 is associated with a worse disease-specific survival of the triple-negative breast cancer patients. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2015; 13:7. [PMID: 25705321 PMCID: PMC4335782 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-015-0028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hereditary triple-negative breast cancer patients have better recurrence-free survival than triple-negative sporadic ones. High expression of some of the miRNAs is related to worse overall and disease-free survival of triple-negative breast cancer patients. The attempt to associate expression level of some miRNA in triple-negative hereditary and sporadic breast cancers to disease specific survival was performed in this study. Material and methods Study group was made of 18 triple-negative breast cancer patients harboring the BRCA1 gene mutations and 32 triple-negative sporadic breast cancer patients. Quantitative amount of mir-10b, mir-21, mir-29a, mir-31, and mir-214 by real-time PCR was assessed. The disease-specific survival in relation of high and low levels of some of the miRNAs was analyzed using Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test. Results MiR-214 showed significantly higher expression level in sporadic tissues than in hereditary ones (p = 0.0005). Triple-negative breast cancer patients with high level of miR-214 showed significantly worse disease-specific survival than patients with low level (p = 0.0314). Conclusions Our finding suggests that miR-214 possibly could be used as a potential prognostic biomarker for triple-negative breast cancer patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13053-015-0028-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagnija Kalniete
- Institute of Oncology, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, LV-1007 Latvia
| | | | - Ilze Štrumfa
- Institute of Oncology, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, LV-1007 Latvia
| | - Arnis Āboliņš
- Institute of Oncology, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, LV-1007 Latvia
| | - Arvīds Irmejs
- Institute of Oncology, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, LV-1007 Latvia ; Breast Disease Center, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Pilsonu Street 13, Riga, LV-1002 Latvia
| | - Jānis Gardovskis
- Institute of Oncology, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, LV-1007 Latvia
| | - Edvīns Miklaševičs
- Institute of Oncology, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, LV-1007 Latvia
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5
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Methylation of the BRCA1 promoter in peripheral blood DNA is associated with triple-negative and medullary breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 148:615-22. [PMID: 25376744 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-3179-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that methylation signatures in blood-derived DNA may correlate with cancer risk. In this study, we evaluated whether methylation of the promoter region of the BRCA1 gene detectable in DNA from peripheral blood cells is a risk factor for breast cancer, in particular for tumors with pathologic features characteristic for cancers with BRCA1 gene mutations. We conducted a case-control study of 66 breast cancer cases and 36 unaffected controls. Cases were triple-negative or of medullary histology, or both; 30 carried a constitutional BRCA1 mutation and 36 did not carry a mutation. Blood for DNA methylation analysis was taken within three months of diagnosis. Methylation of the promoter of the BRCA1 gene was measured in cases and controls using methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM). A sample with any detectable level of methylation was considered to be positive. Methylation of the BRCA1 promoter was detected in 15 of 66 cases and in 2 of 36 controls (OR 5.0, p = 0.03). Methylation was present in 15 of 36 women with breast cancer and without germline BRCA1 mutation, but in none of 30 women with breast cancer and a germline mutation (p < 0.01). The association between methylation and breast cancer was restricted to women with no constitutional BRCA1 mutation (OR 12.1, p = 0.0006). Methylation of the promoter of the BRCA1 gene detectable in peripheral blood DNA may be a marker of increased susceptibility to triple-negative or medullary breast cancer.
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Mavaddat N, Barrowdale D, Andrulis IL, Domchek SM, Eccles D, Nevanlinna H, Ramus SJ, Spurdle A, Robson M, Sherman M, Mulligan AM, Couch FJ, Engel C, McGuffog L, Healey S, Sinilnikova OM, Southey MC, Terry MB, Goldgar D, O'Malley F, John EM, Janavicius R, Tihomirova L, Hansen TVO, Nielsen FC, Osorio A, Stavropoulou A, Benítez J, Manoukian S, Peissel B, Barile M, Volorio S, Pasini B, Dolcetti R, Putignano AL, Ottini L, Radice P, Hamann U, Rashid MU, Hogervorst FB, Kriege M, van der Luijt RB, Peock S, Frost D, Evans DG, Brewer C, Walker L, Rogers MT, Side LE, Houghton C, Weaver J, Godwin AK, Schmutzler RK, Wappenschmidt B, Meindl A, Kast K, Arnold N, Niederacher D, Sutter C, Deissler H, Gadzicki D, Preisler-Adams S, Varon-Mateeva R, Schönbuchner I, Gevensleben H, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Belotti M, Barjhoux L, Isaacs C, Peshkin BN, Caldes T, de la Hoya M, Cañadas C, Heikkinen T, Heikkilä P, Aittomäki K, Blanco I, Lazaro C, Brunet J, Agnarsson BA, Arason A, Barkardottir RB, Dumont M, Simard J, Montagna M, Agata S, D'Andrea E, Yan M, Fox S, Rebbeck TR, Rubinstein W, Tung N, Garber JE, Wang X, Fredericksen Z, Pankratz VS, Lindor NM, Szabo C, Offit K, Sakr R, Gaudet MM, Singer CF, Tea MK, Rappaport C, Mai PL, Greene MH, Sokolenko A, Imyanitov E, Toland AE, Senter L, Sweet K, Thomassen M, Gerdes AM, Kruse T, Caligo M, Aretini P, Rantala J, von Wachenfeld A, Henriksson K, Steele L, Neuhausen SL, Nussbaum R, Beattie M, Odunsi K, Sucheston L, Gayther SA, Nathanson K, Gross J, Walsh C, Karlan B, Chenevix-Trench G, Easton DF, Antoniou AC. Pathology of breast and ovarian cancers among BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: results from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 (CIMBA). Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012; 21:134-47. [PMID: 22144499 PMCID: PMC3272407 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 437] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, small studies have found that BRCA1 and BRCA2 breast tumors differ in their pathology. Analysis of larger datasets of mutation carriers should allow further tumor characterization. METHODS We used data from 4,325 BRCA1 and 2,568 BRCA2 mutation carriers to analyze the pathology of invasive breast, ovarian, and contralateral breast cancers. RESULTS There was strong evidence that the proportion of estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast tumors decreased with age at diagnosis among BRCA1 (P-trend = 1.2 × 10(-5)), but increased with age at diagnosis among BRCA2, carriers (P-trend = 6.8 × 10(-6)). The proportion of triple-negative tumors decreased with age at diagnosis in BRCA1 carriers but increased with age at diagnosis of BRCA2 carriers. In both BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers, ER-negative tumors were of higher histologic grade than ER-positive tumors (grade 3 vs. grade 1; P = 1.2 × 10(-13) for BRCA1 and P = 0.001 for BRCA2). ER and progesterone receptor (PR) expression were independently associated with mutation carrier status [ER-positive odds ratio (OR) for BRCA2 = 9.4, 95% CI: 7.0-12.6 and PR-positive OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.3-2.3, under joint analysis]. Lobular tumors were more likely to be BRCA2-related (OR for BRCA2 = 3.3, 95% CI: 2.4-4.4; P = 4.4 × 10(-14)), and medullary tumors BRCA1-related (OR for BRCA2 = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.18-0.35; P = 2.3 × 10(-15)). ER-status of the first breast cancer was predictive of ER-status of asynchronous contralateral breast cancer (P = 0.0004 for BRCA1; P = 0.002 for BRCA2). There were no significant differences in ovarian cancer morphology between BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers (serous: 67%; mucinous: 1%; endometrioid: 12%; clear-cell: 2%). CONCLUSIONS/IMPACT: Pathologic characteristics of BRCA1 and BRCA2 tumors may be useful for improving risk-prediction algorithms and informing clinical strategies for screening and prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Mavaddat
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Garcia-Casado Z, Romero I, Fernandez-Serra A, Rubio L, Llopis F, Garcia A, Llombart P, Lopez-Guerrero JA. A de novo complete BRCA1 gene deletion identified in a Spanish woman with early bilateral breast cancer. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2011; 12:134. [PMID: 21989022 PMCID: PMC3207938 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-12-134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germline mutations in either of the two tumor-suppressor genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, account for a significant proportion of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer cases. Most of these mutations consist of deletions, insertions, nonsense mutations, and splice variants, however an increasing number of large genomic rearrangements have been identified in these genes. METHODS We analysed BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes by direct sequencing and MLPA. We confirmed the results by an alternative MLPA kit and characterized the BRCA1 deletion by Array CGH. RESULTS We describe the first case of a patient with no strong family history of the disease who developed early-onset bilateral breast cancer with a de novo complete BRCA1 gene deletion in the germinal line. The detected deletion started from the region surrounding the VAT1 locus to the beginning of NBR1 gene, including the RND2, ΨBRCA1, BRCA1 and NBR2 complete genes. CONCLUSION This finding supports the large genomic rearrangement screening of BRCA genes in young breast cancer patients without family history, as well as in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer families previously tested negative for other variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaida Garcia-Casado
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
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8
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Kwon JS, Gutierrez-Barrera AM, Young D, Sun CC, Daniels MS, Lu KH, Arun B. Expanding the criteria for BRCA mutation testing in breast cancer survivors. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:4214-20. [PMID: 20733129 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.0719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Every year approximately 25% of women diagnosed with breast cancer are younger than 50 years of age, and almost 10% of them have a BRCA mutation. Not all potential carriers are identified by existing criteria for BRCA testing. We estimated the costs and benefits of different BRCA testing criteria for women with breast cancer younger than 50 years. METHODS We developed a Markov Monte Carlo simulation to compare six criteria for BRCA mutation testing: (1) no testing (reference); (2) medullary breast cancer in patients younger than 50 years; (3) any breast cancer in patients younger than 40 years; (4) triple negative (TN) breast cancer in patients younger than 40 years; (5) TN breast cancer in patients younger than 50 years; (6) any breast cancer in patients younger than 50 years. Net health benefits were life expectancy and quality-adjusted life expectancy, and primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). The model estimated the number of new breast and ovarian cancer cases. RESULTS BRCA mutation testing for all women with breast cancer who were younger than 50 years could prevent the highest number of breast and ovarian cancer cases, but with unfavorable ICERs. Testing women with TN breast cancers who were younger than 50 years was cost-effective with an ICER of $8,027 per year of life gained ($9,084 per quality-adjusted life-year), and could reduce subsequent breast and ovarian cancer risks by 23% and 41%, respectively, compared with the reference strategy. CONCLUSION Testing women with TN breast cancers who were younger than 50 years for BRCA mutations is a cost-effective strategy and should be adopted into current guidelines for genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice S Kwon
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of British Columbia and British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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9
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Loughrey M, Provan PJ, Byth K, Balleine RL. Histopathological features of 'BRCAX' familial breast cancers in the kConFab resource. Pathology 2008; 40:352-8. [PMID: 18446624 DOI: 10.1080/00313020802035899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In recent years histopathology has made an important contribution to the study of familial breast cancer, largely on the basis of the distinctive cancer phenotype commonly identified in BRCA1-mutation carriers. The aim of this study was to identify this phenotype amongst index cases from families in the kConFab familial breast cancer resource with no known pathogenic mutation ('BRCAX' families). METHODS The histopathology of breast cancer from 180 individuals was reviewed: 132 members of individual BRCAX families, 26 BRCA1 and 15 BRCA2 mutation carriers and seven mutation negative individuals from families with a known pathogenic mutation. RESULTS BRCAX breast cancers were a heterogeneous group with 25.8% grade 1, 37.9% grade 2 and 36.4% grade 3. Overall, 45/180 (25%) cases were designated 'BRCA1-phenotype' including 22/132 (16.7%) BRCAX cases, 18/26 (69.2%) BRCA1 and 5/15 (33.3%) BRCA2 mutation carriers. For BRCAX cases, a BRCA1 phenotype designation was negatively correlated with age. CONCLUSIONS Characteristic breast cancer pathology is not diagnostic of a germline BRCA1 mutation, but it does indicate a pathogenic mechanism that occurs with increased frequency in BRCA1 mutation carriers. In BRCAX families, BRCA1 tumour phenotype may signal the presence of an unidentified BRCA1 mutation. However, this finding must be interpreted with regard to limits of the association between histopathology and genotype, and the importance of clinical context.
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10
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Lim YK, Lau PTC, Ali AB, Lee SC, Wong JEL, Putti TC, Sng JH. Identification of novel BRCA large genomic rearrangements in Singapore Asian breast and ovarian patients with cancer. Clin Genet 2007; 71:331-42. [PMID: 17470134 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2007.00773.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Large genomic rearrangements have been reported to account for about 10-15% of BRCA1 gene mutations. Approximately, 90 BRCA rearrangements have been described to date, all of which but one have been reported in Caucasian populations of predominantly Western European descent. Knowledge of BRCA genomic rearrangements in Asian populations is still largely unknown. In this study, we have investigated for the presence of BRCA rearrangements among Asian patients with early onset or familial history of breast or ovarian cancer. Using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), we have analyzed 100 Singapore patients who previously tested negative for deleterious BRCA mutations by the conventional polymerase chain reaction-based mutation detection methods. Three novel BRCA rearrangements were detected, two of which were characterized. The patients with the rearrangements, a BRCA1 exon 13 duplication, a BRCA1 exon 13-15 deletion and a BRCA2 exon 4-11 duplication, comprise 3% of those previously tested negative for BRCA mutations. Of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic mutations identified in our studies on Asian high-risk breast and ovarian patients with cancer to date, these rearrangements constitute 2/19 and 1/2 of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic mutations, respectively. Given the increasing number of rearrangements reported in recent years and their contribution to the BRCA mutation spectrum, the presence of BRCA large exon rearrangements in Asian populations should be investigated where clinical, diagnostic service is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Lim
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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11
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Rodríguez-Pinilla SM, Rodríguez-Gil Y, Moreno-Bueno G, Sarrió D, Martín-Guijarro MDC, Hernandez L, Palacios J. Sporadic Invasive Breast Carcinomas With Medullary Features Display a Basal-like Phenotype. Am J Surg Pathol 2007; 31:501-8. [PMID: 17414096 DOI: 10.1097/01.pas.0000213427.84245.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It is not clear whether invasive breast carcinomas with medullary features (IBCMFs, atypical medullary carcinomas) constitute a specific phenotype of breast cancer that is of biologic significance. Because medullary features are common in BRCA1-associated carcinomas and these tumors frequently show a basal-like phenotype, we examined whether IBCMFs expressed basal/myoepithelial markers and had a basal-like phenotype. We studied the immunohistochemical expression of 15 markers in tissue microarrays containing samples from 35 IBCMFs and 39 grade 3 invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCG3s) of no special type. In addition, we analyzed EGFR, C-MYC, and CCNE gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization, because the expression of these genes is known to be associated with the basal-like phenotype. We defined the basal-like phenotype according to the criteria of Nielsen et al as being those tumors that were ER/HER2-negative and cytokeratin (CK) 5/6- and/or epidermal growth factor receptor-positive. IBCMFs were more frequently hormone receptor- and HER2-negative, but had greater expression of proliferation markers and p53. In addition, IBCMFs more frequently expressed basal/myoepithelial markers, such as CK5/6 and P-cadherin. A basal-like phenotype was found in 62.9% of IBCMFs but in only 18.9% of IDCG3s. No differences in gene amplification were found between IBCMFs and IDCG3s, although C-MYC amplification was more common in tumors without a basal-like phenotype. The identification of IBCMF as an independent group of tumors could be of clinical significance, given the high incidence of cases with a basal-like phenotype, which is a group of tumors with different prognosis and chemotherapy response from those of IDCG3s of no special type.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Medullary/genetics
- Carcinoma, Medullary/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Medullary/pathology
- Cyclin E/genetics
- Female
- Gene Amplification
- Genes, erbB-1
- Genes, myc
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Tissue Array Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Socorro María Rodríguez-Pinilla
- Breast and Gynecological Cancer Group, Molecular Pathology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Russo A, Calò V, Agnese V, Bruno L, Corsale S, Augello C, Gargano G, Barbera F, Cascio S, Intrivici C, Rinaldi G, Gulotta G, Macaluso M, Surmacz E, Giordano A, Gebbia N, Bazan V. BRCA1 genetic testing in 106 breast and ovarian cancer families from Southern Italy (Sicily): a mutation analyses. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2007; 105:267-76. [PMID: 17221156 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-006-9456-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2006] [Accepted: 11/07/2006] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the contribution of germline BRCA1 mutations in the incidence of hereditary and familial Breast Cancer (BC) and/or Ovarian Cancer (OC) in patients from Southern Italy (in the region of Sicily) and to identify a possible association between the higher frequency of BRCA1 mutations and a specific familial profile. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A consecutive series of 650 patients with BC and/or OC diagnosed between 1999 and 2005 were recruited from the Southern Italian region of Sicily, after interview at the "Regional Reference Centre for the Characterization and Genetic Screening of Hereditary Tumors" at the University of Palermo. Genetic counselling allowed us to recruit a total of 106 unrelated families affected with breast and/or ovarian cancer screened for mutations occurring in the whole BRCA1 gene by automatic direct sequencing. RESULTS Germline BRCA1 mutations were found in 17 of 106 (16%) Sicilian families. The HBOC profile had a major frequency (66%) of mutations (P < 0.01). A total of 28 sequence variants was identified. Seven of these were pathogenic, 5 unknown biological variant (UV) and 16 polymorphisms. We also identified a pathological mutation (4843delC) as a possible Sicilian founder mutation. CONCLUSIONS The present study is the first BRCA1 disease-associated mutations analysis in Southern Italian families. The early age of onset of such tumors and the association with the HBOC familial profile could be two valid screening factors for the identification of BRCA1 mutation carriers. Finally, we identified a BRCA1 mutation with a possible founder effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Russo
- Interdepartmental Center of Clinical Oncology, Regional Reference Center for the Biomolecular Characterization and Genetic Screening of Hereditary Tumors, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 127, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
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13
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Stacey SN, Sulem P, Johannsson OT, Helgason A, Gudmundsson J, Kostic JP, Kristjansson K, Jonsdottir T, Sigurdsson H, Hrafnkelsson J, Johannsson J, Sveinsson T, Myrdal G, Grimsson HN, Bergthorsson JT, Amundadottir LT, Gulcher JR, Thorsteinsdottir U, Kong A, Stefansson K. The BARD1 Cys557Ser variant and breast cancer risk in Iceland. PLoS Med 2006; 3:e217. [PMID: 16768547 PMCID: PMC1479388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2005] [Accepted: 03/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most, if not all, of the cellular functions of the BRCA1 protein are mediated through heterodimeric complexes composed of BRCA1 and a related protein, BARD1. Some breast-cancer-associated BRCA1 missense mutations disrupt the function of the BRCA1/BARD1 complex. It is therefore pertinent to determine whether variants of BARD1 confer susceptibility to breast cancer. Recently, a missense BARD1 variant, Cys557Ser, was reported to be at increased frequencies in breast cancer families. We investigated the role of the BARD1 Cys557Ser variant in a population-based cohort of 1,090 Icelandic patients with invasive breast cancer and 703 controls. We then used a computerized genealogy of the Icelandic population to study the relationships between the Cys557Ser variant and familial clustering of breast cancer. METHODS AND FINDINGS The Cys557Ser allele was present at a frequency of 0.028 in patients with invasive breast cancer and 0.016 in controls (odds ratio [OR] = 1.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-3.01, p = 0.014). The alleleic frequency was 0.037 in a high-predisposition group of cases defined by having a family history of breast cancer, early onset of breast cancer, or multiple primary breast cancers (OR = 2.41, 95% CI 1.22-4.75, p = 0.015). Carriers of the common Icelandic BRCA2 999del5 mutation were found to have their risk of breast cancer further increased if they also carried the BARD1 variant: the frequency of the BARD1 variant allele was 0.047 (OR = 3.11, 95% CI 1.16-8.40, p = 0.046) in 999del5 carriers with breast cancer. This suggests that the lifetime probability of a BARD1 Cys557Ser/BRCA2 999del5 double carrier developing breast cancer could approach certainty. Cys557Ser carriers, with or without the BRCA2 mutation, had an increased risk of subsequent primary breast tumors after the first breast cancer diagnosis compared to non-carriers. Lobular and medullary breast carcinomas were overrepresented amongst Cys557Ser carriers. We found that an excess of ancestors of contemporary carriers lived in a single county in the southeast of Iceland and that all carriers shared a SNP haplotype, which is suggestive of a founder event. Cys557Ser was found on the same SNP haplotype background in the HapMap Project CEPH sample of Utah residents. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that BARD1 Cys557Ser is an ancient variant that confers risk of single and multiple primary breast cancers, and this risk extends to carriers of the BRCA2 999del5 mutation.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Age of Onset
- Aged
- Alleles
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Breast Neoplasms/ethnology
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Carcinoma in Situ/ethnology
- Carcinoma in Situ/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/ethnology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/ethnology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics
- Carcinoma, Lobular/ethnology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Medullary/ethnology
- Carcinoma, Medullary/genetics
- Case-Control Studies
- Cluster Analysis
- Cohort Studies
- Female
- Founder Effect
- Gene Frequency
- Genes, BRCA2
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genotype
- Haplotypes
- Humans
- Iceland/epidemiology
- Middle Aged
- Mutation, Missense
- Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary/ethnology
- Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary/genetics
- Odds Ratio
- Point Mutation
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Risk
- Sequence Deletion
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/physiology
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon N Stacey
- 1deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
(SNS); E-mail:
(KS)
| | | | - Oskar T Johannsson
- 2Department of Oncology, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | - Thora Jonsdottir
- 3Cancer Centre, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Helgi Sigurdsson
- 2Department of Oncology, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
- 3Cancer Centre, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jon Hrafnkelsson
- 2Department of Oncology, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jakob Johannsson
- 2Department of Oncology, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thorarinn Sveinsson
- 2Department of Oncology, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
- 4Department of Radiation Physics, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gardar Myrdal
- 4Department of Radiation Physics, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kari Stefansson
- 1deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
(SNS); E-mail:
(KS)
| |
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