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Doiron G. Invasive Plant Relations in a Global Pandemic: Caring for a "Problematic Pesto". ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING. E, NATURE AND SPACE 2023; 6:600-616. [PMID: 36872956 PMCID: PMC9975581 DOI: 10.1177/25148486211066109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In Spring 2020, amidst a COVID-19 state of emergency, the City of Toronto's Parks & Urban Forestry department posted signs in the city's remaining Black Oak Savannahs to announce the cancellation of the yearly 'prescribed burn' practice, citing fears it would exacerbate pandemic conditions. With this activity and other nature management events on hold, many invasive plants continued to establish and proliferate. This paper confronts dominant attitudes in invasion ecology with Indigenous epistemologies and ideas of transformative justice, asking what can be learned from building a relationship with a much-maligned invasive plant like garlic mustard. Written in isolation as the plant began to flower in the Black Oak savannahs and beyond, this paper situates the plant's abundance and gifts within pandemic-related 'cancelled care' and 'cultivation activism' as a means of exploring human-nature relations in the settler-colonial city. It also asks what transformative lessons garlic mustard can offer about precarity, non-linear temporalities, contamination, multispecies entanglements, and the impacts of colonial property regimes on possible relations. Highlighting the entanglements of historical and ongoing violences with invasion ecology, this paper presents 'caring for invasives' as a path toward more liveable futures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Doiron
- Gabrielle Doiron, Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, M5S 3G3, Toronto, Canada.
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DRAZ A, KAWASHTY S, SHAMSO E, HOSNİ H, HUSSEİN S. Chemical profiling of Oxalis species growing wild in Egypt using HRLC/MS Spectrometry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SECONDARY METABOLITE 2022. [DOI: 10.21448/ijsm.1110807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that creates high blood sugar level. Therefore, diabetes awareness is necessary to prevent diabetes by reducing sugar intake and using low-calorie alternative sweeteners instead. Stevia rebaudiana is a medicinal plant species belonging to the Compositae family. It is a sweet herb that contains diterpene glycosides, which are directly responsible for the sweet taste, but they have no caloric value. Since ancient times, there have been several reports on the use of S. rebaudiana as an alternative sweetener and extended research has been conducted on its phytochemicals and biological activities. The plant contains a good number of phytochemicals with significant biological activities, namely polyphenolic derivatives, diterpenes glycosides, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, chlorophylls, carotenoids, etc. For industrial use, those phytochemicals could be extracted from the selected plant and used for the preparation of nutraceuticals and food additives. S. rebaudiana is a natural herb; therefore, it has fewer or minimal adverse effects on human health. The selected plant in various forms is used for the treatment of diabetes, colon cancer, obesity, cavities, and others. However, the literature review shows that the information on this plant and its uses is not systematic. The purpose of the present review is to explore the status of phytochemicals and biological activities of the selected plant for young researchers. Therefore, the updated data will help them to develop new nutraceuticals and food additives that could help in the production of pharmaceuticals to treat different ailments.
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Tan Y, Yang J, Jiang Y, Sun S, Wei X, Wang R, Bu J, Li D, Kang L, Chen T, Guo J, Cui G, Tang J, Huang L. Identification and characterization of two Isatis indigotica O-methyltransferases methylating C-glycosylflavonoids. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac140. [PMID: 36072835 PMCID: PMC9437721 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Isatis indigotica accumulates several active substances, including C-glycosylflavonoids, which have important pharmacological activities and health benefits. However, enzymes catalyzing the methylation step of C-glycosylflavonoids in I. indigotica remain unknown. In this study, three O-methyltransferases (OMTs) were identified from I. indigotica that have the capacity for O-methylation of the C-glycosylflavonoid isoorientin. The Type II OMTs IiOMT1 and IiOMT2 efficiently catalyze isoorientin to form isoscoparin, and decorate one of the aromatic vicinal hydroxyl groups on flavones and methylate the C6, C8, and 3'-hydroxyl positions to form oroxylin A, wogonin, and chrysoeriol, respectively. However, the Type I OMT IiOMT3 exhibited broader substrate promiscuity and methylated the C7 and 3'-hydroxyl positions of flavonoids. Further site-directed mutagenesis studies demonstrated that five amino acids of IiOMT1/IiOMT2 (D121/D100, D173/D149, A174/A150R, N200/N176, and D248/D233) were critical residues for their catalytic activity. Additionally, only transient overexpression of Type II OMTs IiOMT1 and IiOMT2 in Nicotiana benthamiana significantly increased isoscoparin accumulation, indicating that the Type II OMTs IiOMT1 and IiOMT2 could catalyze the methylation step of C-glycosylflavonoid, isoorientin at the 3'-hydroxyl position. This study provides insights into the biosynthesis of methylated C-glycosylflavonoids, and IiOMTs could be promising catalysts in the synthesis of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 117004, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yinyin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Shufu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ruishan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Junling Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Dayong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Liping Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Tong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Guanghong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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A rare 6-O-glucoside flavonoid from Citharexylum myrianthum Cham. exhibit diuretic and potassium-sparing effect in rats. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hu Z, Lin J, Chen J, Cai T, Xia L, Liu Y, Song X, He Z. Overview of Viral Pneumonia Associated With Influenza Virus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and Coronavirus, and Therapeutics Based on Natural Products of Medicinal Plants. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:630834. [PMID: 34234668 PMCID: PMC8256264 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.630834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral pneumonia has been a serious threat to global health, especially now we have dramatic challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Approximately six million cases of community-acquired pneumonia occur every year, and over 20% of which need hospital admission. Influenza virus, respiratory virus, and coronavirus are the noteworthy causative agents to be investigated based on recent clinical research. Currently, anaphylactic reaction and inflammation induced by antiviral immunity can be incriminated as causative factors for clinicopathological symptoms of viral pneumonia. In this article, we illustrate the structure and related infection mechanisms of these viruses and the current status of antiviral therapies. Owing to a set of antiviral regiments with unsatisfactory clinical effects resulting from side effects, genetic mutation, and growing incidence of resistance, much attention has been paid on medicinal plants as a natural source of antiviral agents. Previous research mainly referred to herbal medicines and plant extracts with curative effects on viral infection models of influenza virus, respiratory virus, and coronavirus. This review summarizes the results of antiviral activities of various medicinal plants and their isolated substances, exclusively focusing on natural products for the treatment of the three types of pathogens that elicit pneumonia. Furthermore, we have introduced several useful screening tools to develop antiviral lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Hu
- School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinhong Lin
- School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jintao Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tengxi Cai
- School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lixin Xia
- School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xun Song
- School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhendan He
- School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
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Isolation of diverse bioactive compounds from Euphorbia balsamifera: Cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity studies. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 28:417-426. [PMID: 33424325 PMCID: PMC7783668 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of Euphorbia balsamifera, fractions and pure compounds were evaluated. The cytotoxic assays for HCT116, HePG2 and MCF7 showed a significant IC50: 54.7 and 76.2 µg/mL of non-polar fraction “n-hexane” against HCT116 and HePG2, respectively. Antibacterial results revealed that plant fractions exhibited significant potential against the tested pathogens than the total extract where n-butanol and ethyl acetate fractions showed significant antibacterial activity (P < 0.05) against tested bacterial strains. Isolation and structure determination of compounds from n-hexane and n-butanol fractions were performed. From n-hexane fraction, 29-nor-cycloartanol (1), lanost-8-en-3-ol (2a), cycloartanol (2b) and kampferol-3,4'-dimethyl ether (3) were isolated and structurally identified, along with 24 compounds were tentatively identified by GC–MS. From the polar n-butanol fraction, 4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-2-hydroxy-6-methoxyacetophenone (4), 4-O-α-L-rhamnosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-2-hydroxy-6methoxy-acetophenone (5), quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside (6) and isoorientin (7) were assigned. Structures of the obtained compounds were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Except compounds 1 and 5, all reported compounds announced antibacterial efficiency. Compound 2 showed selectively the highest activity against Enterococcus faecalis (22 ± 0.13 mm), meanwhile 4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-2-hydroxy-6-methoxyacetophenone (4) showed broadly the highest antibacterial activity with MIC of 1.15–1.88 mg/mL against the test Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Cytotoxic assays indicated that kampferol-3,4'-dimethyl ether (3) exhibited the highest activity with matching IC50 values to doxorubicin; 111.46, 42.67 and 44.90 µM against HCT116, HePG2 and MCF7, respectively, however, it is toxic on retina normal cell line RPE1.
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Key Words
- 1H–1H COSY, Proton Correlation Spectrometry
- Antibacterial
- Asir region
- Cytotoxicity
- DEPT, Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer
- E. balsamifera, Euphorbia balsamifera
- ESIMS, Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
- Euphorbia balsamifera
- GC–MS
- GC–MS, Gas Chromatogrphy/ Mass Spectrometry
- HCT116, Colon cell line
- HMBC, Hetero-nuclear multiple bond correlation spectroscopy
- HMQC, Hetero-nuclear multiple quantum correlation spectroscopy
- HSQC, Heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy
- HePG2, Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line
- Isolation
- J, Coupling Constant
- MCF7, Human Caucasian breast adenocarcinoma
- MTT, Colorimetric assay for measuring cell metabolic activity as an indicator of cell viability, proliferation, and cytotoxicity
- Spectroscopy
- TLC, Thin-layer Chromatography
- d, Doublet
- dd, Doublet of doublet
- δ, Chemical shift (in ppm)
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Akkol EK, Šmejkal K, Kurtul E, Ilhan M, Güragac FT, İşcan GS, Acıkara ÖB, Cvačka J, Buděšínský M. Inhibitory activity of Scorzonera latifolia and its components on enzymes connected with healing process. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 245:112168. [PMID: 31430525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Scorzonera latifolia (Fisch. & Mey.) DC. (Asteraceae) grows naturally in Eastern Anatolia, northeastern Iran, and Caucasus. Latex of S. latifolia roots is used in Turkish folk medicine for its analgesic effects, externally to cure infertility in women, and internally as an antihelmintic. The milk obtained from the stem of the Scorzonera species is used for wound healing activity. Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities have previously been reported for S. latifolia. AIM OF THE STUDY A methanol extract of the aerial parts of Scorzonera latifolia that had been shown to possess wound-healing activity, was used to elucidate the possible mechanism of the wound-healing activity and to identify the compound(s) responsible for the effect by means of bioassay-guided fractionation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The wound-healing activity potential of methanol extract of S. latifolia was detected by evaluating the inhibitory activity on the collagenase, hyaluronidase and elastase, which play important roles in the wound-healing process. Succesive fractionation of the methanol extract using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, respectively, and the residual wateryielded four respective fractions. The ethyl acetate part, which was determined as the most active fraction, was selected for further separation using chromatographic techniques. RESULTS Ethylacetate fraction exhibited significant inhibitory activities on collagenase and elastase. Chromatographic separation of the ethylacetate extract yielded an active subfraction, from which was used to isolate quercetin-3-O-β-apiofuranosyl-(1'''→2'')-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), quercetin-3-O-α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-galactopyranoside (2), isoorientin (3), and 7-methylisoorientin (4). Of the compounds tested, 7-methylisoorientin (4) exerted inhibitory activity on collagenase and elastase, while quercetin-3-O-β-apiofuranosyl-(1'''→2'')-β-glucopyranoside (1) inhibited collagenase only. None of the fractions, or isolated compounds showed any inhibitory effect on hyaluronidase. It must be mentioned, that in vitro tests showed that compounds 1-4 inhibit the collagenase and elastase and could help wound-healing process. However, the inhibititory effect of the methanol extract appears to be greater than that of both of the ethylacetate fraction, subfraction G and the isolated compounds, which suggest that a synergistic interaction of several compounds could be responsible for the wound-healing activity of the aerial parts of S. latifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Küpeli Akkol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 06330, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Karel Šmejkal
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého 1946/1, 61242, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ekin Kurtul
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Tandoğan, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Fatma Tuğçe Güragac
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 06330, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülçin Saltan İşcan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Tandoğan, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özlem Bahadır Acıkara
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Tandoğan, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Josef Cvačka
- Mass Spectrometry Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovonám. 2, CZ-16610, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Buděšínský
- NMR Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovonám. 2, CZ-16610, Prague, Czech Republic
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Tchoumtchoua J, Mathiron D, Pontarin N, Gagneul D, van Bohemen AI, Otogo N’nang E, Mesnard F, Petit E, Fontaine JX, Molinié R, Quéro A. Phenolic Profiling of Flax Highlights Contrasting Patterns in Winter and Spring Varieties. Molecules 2019; 24:E4303. [PMID: 31779076 PMCID: PMC6930658 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Flax (Linum usitatissimum) is a plant grown in temperate regions either for its fiber or for its seeds, which are rich in the essential fatty acid omega-3. It is also well known as a source of medicinal compounds. The chemical composition of its leaves is currently poorly described. In order to fill this gap, we have conducted a comprehensive analysis of flax leaf metabolome. The exploration of the metabolome allowed the characterization of compounds isolated for the first time in flax leaves. These molecules were isolated by preparative HPLC and then characterized by NMR, LC-MS and standard analysis. This work extended our picture of C-glycosyl-flavonoids and coniferyl alcohol derivatives accumulated in flax. The follow-up of the content of these different metabolites via UPLC-MS revealed significant accumulation differences in spring and winter flax leaves. In particular, two methylated C-glycosylflavonoids (swertisin and swertiajaponin) were the most abundant phenolic compounds in winter flax whereas they were not detected in spring flax. This result suggests that these 2 compounds are involved in cold stress tolerance in flax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Job Tchoumtchoua
- EA 3900-BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculté de Pharmacie, 1 rue des Louvels, 80025 Amiens Cedex, France; (J.T.); (N.P.); (A.-I.v.B.); (E.O.N.); (F.M.); (E.P.); (J.-X.F.); (R.M.)
| | - David Mathiron
- Plate-Forme Analytique, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens, France;
| | - Nicole Pontarin
- EA 3900-BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculté de Pharmacie, 1 rue des Louvels, 80025 Amiens Cedex, France; (J.T.); (N.P.); (A.-I.v.B.); (E.O.N.); (F.M.); (E.P.); (J.-X.F.); (R.M.)
| | - David Gagneul
- EA 7394, USC INRA 1411, Institut Charles Viollette (ICV), Agro-food and Biotechnology Research Institute, Université de Lille, INRA, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France;
| | - Anne-Isaline van Bohemen
- EA 3900-BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculté de Pharmacie, 1 rue des Louvels, 80025 Amiens Cedex, France; (J.T.); (N.P.); (A.-I.v.B.); (E.O.N.); (F.M.); (E.P.); (J.-X.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Elvis Otogo N’nang
- EA 3900-BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculté de Pharmacie, 1 rue des Louvels, 80025 Amiens Cedex, France; (J.T.); (N.P.); (A.-I.v.B.); (E.O.N.); (F.M.); (E.P.); (J.-X.F.); (R.M.)
| | - François Mesnard
- EA 3900-BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculté de Pharmacie, 1 rue des Louvels, 80025 Amiens Cedex, France; (J.T.); (N.P.); (A.-I.v.B.); (E.O.N.); (F.M.); (E.P.); (J.-X.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Emmanuel Petit
- EA 3900-BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculté de Pharmacie, 1 rue des Louvels, 80025 Amiens Cedex, France; (J.T.); (N.P.); (A.-I.v.B.); (E.O.N.); (F.M.); (E.P.); (J.-X.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Jean-Xavier Fontaine
- EA 3900-BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculté de Pharmacie, 1 rue des Louvels, 80025 Amiens Cedex, France; (J.T.); (N.P.); (A.-I.v.B.); (E.O.N.); (F.M.); (E.P.); (J.-X.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Roland Molinié
- EA 3900-BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculté de Pharmacie, 1 rue des Louvels, 80025 Amiens Cedex, France; (J.T.); (N.P.); (A.-I.v.B.); (E.O.N.); (F.M.); (E.P.); (J.-X.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Anthony Quéro
- EA 3900-BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Faculté de Pharmacie, 1 rue des Louvels, 80025 Amiens Cedex, France; (J.T.); (N.P.); (A.-I.v.B.); (E.O.N.); (F.M.); (E.P.); (J.-X.F.); (R.M.)
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Ajayi AM, Diya OO, Adedapo ADA. Hypolipidemic Effect of Chrysophyllum albidum Peel Extract and Its Underlying Antioxidant Mechanisms in Normal and Triton-X-100-Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats. J Diet Suppl 2019; 17:365-383. [DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2019.1591563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi M. Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olubunmi O. Diya
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Rauter AP, Lopes RG, Martins A. C-Glycosylflavonoids: Identification, Bioactivity and Synthesis. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0700201125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
C-Glycosylflavonoids are a group of compounds widespread in nature which have gained much interest due to their biological properties. This review focuses on the research of the last ten years concerning detection and structural characterization of C-glycosylflavonoids, their bioactivities and synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélia P. Rauter
- Departmento de Química e Bioquímica/Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Edificio C8, 5° Piso Campo Grande1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui G. Lopes
- Departmento de Química e Bioquímica/Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Edificio C8, 5° Piso Campo Grande1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alice Martins
- Departmento de Química e Bioquímica/Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Edificio C8, 5° Piso Campo Grande1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Kingkaew K, Ruga R, Chavasiri W. 6,8-Dibromo- and 6,8-Diiodo-5,7-dihydroxyflavones as New Potent Antibacterial Agents. CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.171089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krongkan Kingkaew
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Ritbey Ruga
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Warinthorn Chavasiri
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Flavonoid glycosides and alkaloids from the embryos of Nelumbo nucifera seeds and their antioxidant activity. Fitoterapia 2018; 125:184-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Rahman M, Khatun A, Liu L, Barkla BJ. Brassicaceae Mustards: Traditional and Agronomic Uses in Australia and New Zealand. Molecules 2018; 23:E231. [PMID: 29361740 PMCID: PMC6017612 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Commonly cultivated Brassicaceae mustards, namely garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), white mustard (Brassica alba), Ethiopian mustard (B. carinata), Asian mustard (B. juncea), oilseed rape (B. napus), black mustard (B. nigra), rapeseed (B. rapa), white ball mustard (Calepina irregularis), ball mustard (Neslia paniculata), treacle mustard (Erysimum repandum), hedge mustard (Sisymbrium officinale), Asian hedge mustard (S. orientale), smooth mustard (S. erysimoides) and canola are the major economically important oilseed crops in many countries. Mustards were naturalized to Australia and New Zealand and Australia is currently the second largest exporter of Brassicaceae oilseeds to meet the global demand for a healthy plant-derived oil, high in polyunsaturated fats. Apart from providing edible oil, various parts of these plants and many of their phytochemicals have been used traditionally for both agronomic as well as medicinal purposes, with evidence of their use by early Australian and New Zealand settlers and also the indigenous population. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of traditional and agronomic uses of Brassicaceae oilseeds and mustards with a focus on their importance in Australia and New Zealand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmudur Rahman
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW-2480, Australia.
| | - Amina Khatun
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW-2480, Australia.
| | - Lei Liu
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW-2480, Australia.
| | - Bronwyn J Barkla
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW-2480, Australia.
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Huang YL, Yang KD, Liu ZB, Wang YF, Ge L, He RJ, Liu JL, Li DP. Two New Galloyl Glucosides from the Leaves of Castanopsis fordii. HETEROCYCLES 2018. [DOI: 10.3987/com-17-s(t)5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of the Methanolic stem bark extract of Anacardium occidentale Linn. In triton-X 100 induced hyperlipidemic rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-017-0262-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Zhan ZH, Matsuo A, Kim CS. Studies on probing stimulants for the green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix nigropictus (Stål) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), in the rice plant ( Oryza sativa L.). JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2016; 41:163-166. [PMID: 30363098 PMCID: PMC6140644 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d16-052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A crude rice extract caused a higher probing response than did the control in the green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix nigropictus. Bioassay-guided separation led to the isolation of four active compounds, isoscoparin 2″-O-glucoside, isoscoparin 2″-O-(6‴-(E)-feruloyl)glucoside, isoscoparin 2″-O-(6‴-(E)-p-coumaroyl)glucoside, and isovitexin 2″-O-(6‴-(E)-feruloyl)glucoside from ODS 40% methanol in water faction. Each of the compounds, or any combination without one of the four compounds, caused weaker probing responses than the crude rice extract. The activity was recovered only when all the compounds were combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hui Zhan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, B200 Monobe, Nankoku 783–8502, Japan
| | - Akane Matsuo
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, B200 Monobe, Nankoku 783–8502, Japan
| | - Chul-Sa Kim
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, B200 Monobe, Nankoku 783–8502, Japan
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Guarrera PM, Savo V. Wild food plants used in traditional vegetable mixtures in Italy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 185:202-34. [PMID: 26944238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mixtures of wild food plants, part of the Mediterranean diet, have potential benefits for their content in bioactive compounds, minerals and fibers. In Italy, wild plants are still consumed in various ways, for their taste, effects on health and nutritional value. In this paper, we provide a list of wild plants used in vegetable mixtures, indicating their phytochemical and nutritional profile, highlighting those not yet studied. AIM OF THE STUDY We provide a first complete review of traditional uses of wild food plants used as vegetables and their preparations (e.g., salads, soups, rustic pies). We also highlight their phytochemical constituents. MATERIALS AND METHODS We carried out an extensive literature review of ethnobotanical publications from 1894 to date for finding plants used in traditional vegetable mixtures. We also performed an online search for scientific papers providing the phytochemical profile of plants that were cited at least twice in recipes found in the literature. RESULTS We list a total of 276 wild taxa used in traditional vegetable mixtures, belonging to 40 families. Among these, the most represented are Asteraceae (88), Brassicaceae (33), Apiaceae (21), Amaranthaceae (12). Many plants are cited in many recipes across several Italian regions. Among the most cited plant we note: Reichardia picroides (L.) Roth, Sanguisorba minor Scop., Taraxacum campylodes G. E. Haglund, Urtica dioica L. Tuscany is the region with the highest number of food recipes that incorporate wild plants used as vegetables. We also list the phytochemical constituents and some pharmacological activities of the plants cited at least twice. Finally, we discuss topics such as the taste of plants used in the recipes. CONCLUSIONS Nineteen edible wild plants, such as Asparagus albus L., Campanula trachelium L., Hypochaeris laevigata (L.) Benth. & Hook f., Phyteuma spicatum L., Scolymus grandiflorus Desf., are not yet studied as regards their phytochemical and nutritional profile. Some plants should be avoided due to the presence of toxic compounds such as Adenostyles alliariae (Gouan) A. Kern or Ranunculus repens L.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Guarrera
- Istituto Centrale per la Demoetnoantropologia, MIBACt, Piazza Marconi, 8-10, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - V Savo
- Hakai Institute, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A1S6
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Dwivedi AD, Dubey SP, Sillanpää M, Kwon YN, Lee C, Varma RS. Fate of engineered nanoparticles: Implications in the environment. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Gao HY, Wang SY, Wang HY, Li GY, Wang LF, Du XW, Han Y, Huang J, Wang JH. Simultaneous quantification of major bioactive constituents from Zhuyeqing Liquor by HPLC-PDA. J Anal Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-014-0034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Zhuyeqing Liquor (ZYQL) is a famous traditional Chinese functional liquor. For quality control of ZYQL products, quantitative analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA) was undertaken.
Methods
Eighteen compounds from ZYQL were simultaneously detected and used as chemical markers in the quantitative analysis, including 3-hydroxy-4,5(R)-dimethyl-2(5H)-furanone (M1), isobiflorin (M2), vanillic acid (M3), biflorin (M4), genipin 1-O-β-d-gentiobioside (M5), 1-sinapoyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (M6), geniposide (M7), epijasmnoside A (M8), ferulic acid (M9), luteolin 8-C-β-glucopyranoside (M10), isoorientin (M11), narirutin (M12), hesperidin (M13), 6′-O-sinapoylgeniposide (M14), 3,5-dihydroxy-3′,4′,7,8-tetramethoxyl flavones (M15), 3′,4′,3,5,6,8-hexamethoxyl flavone (M16), kaempferide (M17), and tangeretin (M18).
Results
The separation by gradient elution was achieved on SHIMADZU VP-ODS column (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 μm) at 30°C with methanol (A)/0.1% phosphoric acid (B) as the mobile phase. The detection wavelengths were 254, 278, and 335 nm. The optimized HPLC method provided a good linear relation (r ≥ 0.9991 for all the target compounds), satisfactory precision (RSD values less than 1.47%) and good recovery (97.40% to 103.44%). The limits of detection ranged between 0.20 × 10−4 and 64.90 × 10−4 μg/μL for the different analytes. Furthermore, the optimum sample preparation was obtained from HPD100 column eluted with water and 95% ethanol, respectively.
Conclusions
Quality control of ZYQL products, in total seven samples and twelve parent plants, was examined by this method, and results confirmed its feasibility and reliability in practice.
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de Oliveira DR, Zamberlam CR, Gaiardo RB, Rêgo GM, Cerutti JM, Cavalheiro AJ, Cerutti SM. Flavones from Erythrina falcata are modulators of fear memory. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:288. [PMID: 25096710 PMCID: PMC4141959 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Flavonoids, which have been identified in a variety of plants, have been demonstrated to elicit beneficial effects on memory. Some studies have reported that flavonoids derived from Erythrina plants can provide such beneficial effects on memory. The aim of this study was to identify the flavonoids present in the stem bark crude extract of Erythrina falcata (CE) and to perform a bioactivity-guided study on conditioned fear memory. Methods The secondary metabolites of CE were identified by high performance liquid chromatography combined with a diode array detector, electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The buthanolic fraction (BuF) was obtained by partitioning. Subfractions from BuF (BuF1 – BuF6) and fraction flavonoidic (FfA and FfB) were obtained by flash chromatography. The BuF3 and BuF4 fractions were used for the isolation of flavonoids, which was performed using HPLC-PAD. The isolated substances were quantified by HPLC-DAD and their structures were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The activities of CE and the subfractions were monitored using a one-trial, step-down inhibitory avoidance (IA) task to identify the effects of these substances on the acquisition and extinction of conditioned fear in rats. Results Six subclasses of flavonoids were identified for the first time in CE. According to our behavioral data, CE, BuF, BuF3 and BuF4, the flavonoidic fractions, vitexin, isovitexin and 6-C-glycoside-diosmetin improved the acquisition of fear memory. Rats treated with BuF, BuF3 and BuF4 were particularly resistant to extinction. Nevertheless, rats treated with FfA and FfB, vitexin, isovitexin and 6-C-glycoside-diosmetin exhibited gradual reduction in conditioned fear response during the extinction retest session, which was measured at 48 to 480 h after conditioning. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that vitexin, isovitexin and diosmetin-6-C-glucoside and flavonoidic fractions resulted in a significant retention of fear memory but did not prevent the extinction of fear memory. These results further substantiate that the treatment with pure flavonoids or flavanoid-rich fractions might represent potential therapeutic approaches for the treatment of neurocognitive disorders, improvement of memory acquisition and spontaneous recovery of fear.
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LIMA-DELLAMORA ELISANGELAC, WALDHELM KASSIAC, ALVES ADRIANAM, LAGE CLAUDIAA, LEITÃO ALVAROA, KUSTER RICARDOM. Genotoxic Maillard byproducts in current phytopharmaceutical preparations of Echinodorus grandiflorus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 86:1385-94. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201420130065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Extracts of Echinodorus grandiflorus obtained from dried leaves by three different techniques were evaluated by bacterial lysogenic induction assay (Inductest) in relation to their genotoxic properties. Before being added to test cultures, extracts were sterilized either by steam sterilization or ultraviolet light. Only the extracts prepared by infusion and steam sterilized have shown genotoxic activity. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of the flavonoids isovitexin, isoorientin, swertisin and swertiajaponin, isolated from a genotoxic fraction. They were assayed separately and tested negative in the Inductest protocol. The development of browning color and sweet smell in extracts submitted to heat, prompted further chemical analysis in search for Maillard's reaction precursors. Several aminoacids and reducing sugars were cast in the extract. The presence of characteristic Maillard's melanoidins products was determined by spectrophotometry in the visible region and the inhibition of this reaction was observed when its characteristic inhibitor, sodium bisulfite, was added prior to heating. Remarkably, this is the first paper reporting on the appearance of such compounds in a phytomedicine preparation under a current phytopharmaceutical procedure. The genotoxic activity of such heat-prepared infusions imply in some risk of developing degenerative diseases for patients in long-term, uncontrolled use of such phytomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - CLAUDIA A.S. LAGE
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - RICARDO M. KUSTER
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Colautti R, Colautti R, Franks SJ, Hufbauer RA, Hufbauer RA, Kotanen PM, Torchin M, Byers JE, Pyšek P, Bossdorf O. The Global Garlic Mustard Field Survey (GGMFS): challenges and opportunities of a unique, large-scale collaboration for invasion biology. NEOBIOTA 2014. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.21.5242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Abstract
Phytochemical study of the aerial parts of Cassiaitalica Mill. (family: Fabaceae) growing in Saudi Arabia afforded one new cycloartane triterpene, named (22E)-3-β-hydroxycycloart-22-en-24-one (2), together with eight known compounds: β-sitosterol (1), uvaol (3), daucosterol (4), methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (5), emodin (6), 4-hydroxypheny-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), aloin (8) and rutin (9). The structure of the isolated compounds was determined by physical, chemical and spectral data (UV, IR, MS, 1D ((1)H, (13)C and DEPT) and 2D ((1)H-(1)H COSY, HSQC and HMBC) NMR), as well as by comparing with authentic samples. Compounds 3-5 and 7-9 were isolated for the first time from the plant. Compound 2 was evaluated for its cytotoxic activity against the L5178Y and PC12 cell lines. The total methanolic extract and compounds 5-9 exhibited free radical-scavenging activity using DPPH assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal A Mohamed
- a Department of Pharmacognosy , Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch , Assiut 71524 , Egypt
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Mohamed GA, Ibrahim SRM, Al-Musayeib NM, Ross SA. New anti-inflammatory flavonoids from Cadaba glandulosa Forssk. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 37:459-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0305-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sun J, Yue YD, Tang F, Guo XF, Wang J, Yao X. Flavonoids from the Leaves of Neosinocalamus affinis. Chem Nat Compd 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-013-0756-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pham AT, Nguyen C, Malterud KE, Diallo D, Wangensteen H. Bioactive flavone-C-glycosides of the African medicinal plant Biophytum umbraculum. Molecules 2013; 18:10312-9. [PMID: 24064447 PMCID: PMC6270149 DOI: 10.3390/molecules180910312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three flavone-C-glycosides-cassiaoccidentalin A (1), isovitexin (2) and isoorientin (3)-were isolated from the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) soluble fraction of the methanol crude extract of the African medicinal plant Biophytum umbraculum, This is the first report of these compounds in this plant. All compounds were identified by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with published data. Isoorientin (3) and the EtOAc extract showed the greatest antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay as well as the strongest inhibition of xanthine oxidase (XO) and 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO). From these results, the extract of B. umbraculum might be a valuable source of flavone C-glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Thu Pham
- Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway; E-Mails: (C.N.); (K.E.M.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (A.T.P.); (H.W.); Tel.: +47-22-856-569 (A.T.P.); Fax: +47-22-85-44-02 (A.T.P. & H.W.)
| | - Celine Nguyen
- Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway; E-Mails: (C.N.); (K.E.M.)
| | - Karl Egil Malterud
- Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway; E-Mails: (C.N.); (K.E.M.)
| | - Drissa Diallo
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Institut National de Recherche en Santé Publique, BP 1746, Bamako, Mali; E-Mail:
| | - Helle Wangensteen
- Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway; E-Mails: (C.N.); (K.E.M.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (A.T.P.); (H.W.); Tel.: +47-22-856-569 (A.T.P.); Fax: +47-22-85-44-02 (A.T.P. & H.W.)
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Formisano C, Rigano D, Senatore F, Bancheva S, Maggio A, Rosselli S, Bruno M. Flavonoids in subtribe Centaureinae (Cass.) Dumort. (tribe Cardueae, Asteraceae): distribution and (13)C-NMR spectral data. Chem Biodivers 2013; 9:2096-158. [PMID: 23081915 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This review reports the occurrence of flavonoids in subtribe Centaureinae of Asteraceae family. It extensively covers the literature up to 2010 and collects all available (13)C-NMR data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Formisano
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Products, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano, I-49-80131 Naples, Italy
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Suzart LR, de Carvalho MG, Cavatti LC, Kaplan MAC. Chemical constituents from the inflorescences of Ouratea hexasperma. Chem Nat Compd 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-012-0278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zarei H, Rezaee R, Behravan E, Soltani F, Mosaffa F, Iranshahi M, Behravan J. Diversin, from Ferula diversivittata protects human lymphocytes against oxidative stress induced by H₂O₂. Nat Prod Res 2012; 27:1016-9. [PMID: 22616624 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2012.688053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the antigenotoxic effects of diversin, a prenylated coumarin obtained from Ferula diversivittata roots were evaluated using comet assay. Isolated lymphocytes from healthy volunteers' blood samples were incubated with diversin (10, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 µM) alone, or in the presence of H2O2 (25 µM). DNA break was measured based on the %tail DNA and compared with different concentrations of curcumin (10, 25 and 50 µM) as the positive control. It was shown that all concentrations of diversin significantly reduce DNA damage caused by H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Zarei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Mojarrab M, Delazar A, Moghadam SB, Nazemiyeh H, Nahar L, Kumarasamy Y, Asnaashari S, Hadjiakhoondi A, Sarker SD. Armenin and isoarmenin--two prenylated coumarins from the aerial parts of Artemisia armeniaca. Chem Biodivers 2012; 8:2097-103. [PMID: 22083921 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201000284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The reversed-phase (RP) preparative HPLC analyses of the MeOH extract of the aerial parts of Artemisia armeniaca yielded four prenylated coumarins, 7-hydroxy-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methylbutoxy)coumarin (named armenin), 8-hydroxy-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methylbutoxy)coumarin (named isoarmenin), lacarol, and deoxylacarol, together with five other compounds, including three flavonoid glycosides, quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, rutin, and kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, and chlorogenic acid, and tryptophan. (10E,12Z)-9-Hydroxyoctadeca-10,12-dienoic acid (β-dimorphecolic acid) was isolated from the CH(2)Cl(2) extract. Armenin and isoarmenin were new coumarins. Structures of all compounds were determined by spectroscopic means, including UV, MS, 1D- and 2D-NMR. The in vitro free-radical-scavenging property of the extracts and isolated compounds was evaluated by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Mojarrab
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Disadee W, Mahidol C, Sahakitpichan P, Sitthimonchai S, Ruchirawat S, Kanchanapoom T. Unprecedented furan-2-carbonyl C-glycosides and phenolic diglycosides from Scleropyrum pentandrum. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 74:115-22. [PMID: 22152976 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Five unprecedented furan-2-carbonyl C-glycosides, scleropentasides A-E, and two phenolic diglycosides, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl 4-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside and 2,6-dimethoxy-p-hydroquinone 1-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside, were isolated from leaves and twigs of Scleropyrum pentandrum together with potalioside B, luteolin 6-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (isoorientin), apigenin 8-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (vitexin), apigenin 6,8-di-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (vicenin-2), apigenin 6-C-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-8-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (isoschaftoside), apigenin 6-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-8-C-β-D-xylopyranoside, adenosine and l-tryptophan. Structure elucidations of these compounds were based on analyses of chemical and spectroscopic data, including 1D and 2D NMR. In addition, the isolated compounds were evaluated for their radical scavenging activities using both DPPH and ORAC assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannaporn Disadee
- Chulabhorn Research Institute and Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Kamphaeng Phet 6, Talat Bang Khen, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
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Abstract
This chapter describes the isolation of natural products using low-pressure column chromatography (LPLC) and provides a brief summary of the adsorption and size exclusion processes involved in LPLC. Different types of stationary phases used in both adsorption and size exclusion LPLC are also presented with specific examples. Various operational parameters in relation to column packing (both wet and dry), column equilibration, sample application, and column development, and a summary of generic procedures for adsorption and size exclusion LPLC are also incorporated in this chapter. Throughout the chapter, several specific examples of the application of LPLC for the isolation of various natural products including alkaloids, coumarins, flavones, and saponins from various plants are given. Many of these examples include a combination of adsorption and size exclusion chromatography to obtain specific compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond G Reid
- School of Pharmacy, The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK.
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Nazemiyeh H, Kazemi EM, Zare K, Jodari M, Nahar L, Sarker SD. Free radical scavengers from the aerial parts of Euphorbia petiolata. J Nat Med 2010; 64:187-90. [PMID: 20037800 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-009-0382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reversed-phase preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the methanol extract of the aerial parts of Euphorbia petiolata Banks & Soland, an endemic Iranian medicinal plant, yielded ten free radical scavengers including eight flavonoid glycosides myricetin 3-O-glucoside (1), kaempferol 3-O-(2-O-galloyl)-glucoside (2), myricetin 3-O-rhamnoside (3), quercetin 3-O-glucoside (4), kaempferol 3-O-glucoside (5), quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside (6), kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside (7), and quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (10), a coumarin esculetin (8) and a phenylpropanoid 2-hydroxydihydrocinnamic acid (9). The structures of these compounds were elucidated conclusively by spectroscopic means and also by direct comparison of their spectroscopic data with respective published data. The free radical scavenging properties of these compounds were assessed by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Nazemiyeh
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Biosynthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using Chenopodium album leaf extract. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 479] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Isolation and free-radical-scavenging properties of cyanidin 3-O-glycosides from the fruits of Ribes biebersteinii Berl. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2010; 60:1-11. [PMID: 20228037 DOI: 10.2478/v10007-010-0007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The reversed-phase preparative high performance liquid chromatographic purification of the methanol extract of the fruits of Ribes biebersteinii Berl. (Grossulariaceae) afforded five cyanidin glycosides, 3-O-sambubiosyl-5-O-glucosyl cyanidin (1), cyanidin 3-O-sambubioside (2), cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (3), cyanidin 3-O-(2(G)-xylosyl)-rutinoside (4) and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside (5). They showed considerable free-radical-scavenging properties in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay with the RC(50) values of 9.29 x 10(-6), 9.33 x 10(-6), 8.31 x 10(-6), 8.96 x 10(-6) and 9.55 x 10(-6) mol L(-1), respectively. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by various chemical hydrolyses and spectroscopic means. The total anthocyanin content was 1.9 g per 100 g dried fruits on cyanidin 3-glucoside basis.
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ZHANG J, WANG Y, ZHANG XQ, ZHANG QW, YE WC. Chemical Constituents from the Leaves of Lophatherum gracile. Chin J Nat Med 2010. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1009.2009.00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wohlmuth H, Penman KG, Pearson T, Lehmann RP. Pharmacognosy and Chemotypes of Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata L.). Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:1015-8. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Wohlmuth
- Medicinal Plant Herbarium, Southern Cross University
- Centre for Phytochemistry and Pharmacology, Southern Cross University
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University
| | | | - Tanya Pearson
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University
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Li YJ, Xin N, Li LL, Meng WW, Deng YL. Development and Validation of an LC Method for Determination of Swertisin in Rat Plasma. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-0959-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Nazemiyeh H, Bahadori F, Delazar A, Ay M, Topçu G, Nahar L, Majinda RRT, Sarker SD. Antioxidant phenolic compounds from the leaves of Erica Arborea (Ericaceae). Nat Prod Res 2008; 22:1385-92. [PMID: 19023799 DOI: 10.1080/14786410701824007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Reversed-phase HPLC analyses of the methanol extract of the leaves of Erica arborea afforded a novel phenylpropanoid glucoside, named ericarborin, together with five flavonoids, dihydromyricetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside, quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, quercetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside, apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and apigenin 7-O-beta-D-(6-O-acetyl-glucopyranoside). While the structure of ericarborin was determined by extensive 1D and 2D NMR analyses, the structures of all known flavonoids were determined by direct comparison of their spectroscopic data with respective literature data. The antioxidant properties of these compounds were assessed by the DPPH assay. The chemotaxonomic significance of these phenolic compounds has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Nazemiyeh
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Cymbopogon citratus leaves: Characterization of flavonoids by HPLC–PDA–ESI/MS/MS and an approach to their potential as a source of bioactive polyphenols. Food Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tricetin 4′-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside: A new flavonoid from the aerial parts of Erica arborea. Chem Nat Compd 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-008-9007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Free-radical-scavenging principles from Phlomis caucasica. J Nat Med 2008; 62:464-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-008-0255-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 04/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Burns DC, Ellis DA, March RE. A predictive tool for assessing (13)C NMR chemical shifts of flavonoids. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2007; 45:835-45. [PMID: 17729229 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein are presented the (1)H and (13)C NMR data for seven monohydroxyflavones (3-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 2'-, 3'-, and 4'-hydroxyflavone), five dihydroxyflavones (3,2'-, 3,3'-, 3,4'-, 3,6-, 2',3'-dihydroxyflavone), a trihydroxyflavone (apigenin; 5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone), a tetrahydroxyflavone (luteolin; 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone), and three glycosylated hydroxyflavones (orientin; luteolin-6C-beta-D-glucoside, homoorientin; luteolin-8C-beta-D-glucoside, vitexin; apigenin-8C-beta-D-glucoside). When these NMR spectra are compared, it is possible to assess the impact of flavone modification and to elucidate detailed structural and electronic information for these flavonoids. A simple predictive tool for assigning flavonoid (13)C chemical shifts, which is based on the cumulative differences between the monohydroxyflavones and flavone (13)C chemical shifts, is demonstrated. The tool can be used to accurately predict (13)C flavonoid chemical shifts and it is expected to be useful for rapid assessment of flavonoid (13)C NMR spectra and for assigning substitution patterns in newly isolated flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcy C Burns
- Department of Chemistry, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
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Anti-colon cancer potential of phenolic compounds from the aerial parts of Centaurea gigantea (Asteraceae). J Nat Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-006-0117-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kumarasamy Y, Cox PJ, Jaspars M, Nahar L, Sarker SD. Bioactivity of Hirsutanolol, Oregonin and Genkwanin, Isolated from the Seeds of Alnus Glutinosa (Betulaceae). Nat Prod Commun 2006. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0600100808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibacterial and free radical scavenging activity, and the general toxicity of two diarylheptanoids, hirsutanolol (1) and oregonin (2), and a flavonoid, genkwanin (3), isolated from the methanol extract of the seeds of Alnus glutinosa, were assessed by the 96 well-based serial dilution antibacterial assay using resazurin as an indicator of cell growth, the DPPH assay, and the brine shrimp lethality assay, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip J. Cox
- School of Pharmacy, The Robert Gordon University, Schoolhill, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Marcel Jaspars
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Lutfun Nahar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Satyajit D. Sarker
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster at Coleraine, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Co. Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
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Martens S, Mithöfer A. Flavones and flavone synthases. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2005; 66:2399-407. [PMID: 16137727 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2005] [Accepted: 07/15/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Within the secondary metabolite class of flavonoids which consist of more than 9000 known structures, flavones define one of the largest subgroups. Their natural distribution is demonstrated for almost all plant tissues. Various flavone aglyca and their O- or C-glycosides have been described in the literature. The diverse functions of flavones in plants as well as their various roles in the interaction with other organisms offer many potential applications, not only in plant breeding but also in ecology, agriculture and human nutrition and pharmacology. In this context, the antioxidative activity of flavones, their use in cancer prevention and treatment as well as the prevention of coronary heart disease should be emphasized. The therapeutic potential of flavones makes these compounds valuable targets for drug design, including recombinant DNA approaches. The biosynthesis of flavones in plants was found to be catalyzed by two completely different flavone synthase proteins (FNS), a unique feature within the flavonoids. The first, FNS I, a soluble dioxygenase, was only described for members of the Apiaceae family so far. The second, FNS II, a membrane bound cytochrome P450 enzyme, has been found in all other flavone accumulating tissues. This phenomenon is particularly of interest from the evolutionary point of view concerning the flavone biosynthesis and functions in plants. Recently, FNS I and FNS II genes have been cloned from a number of plant species. This now enables detailed biochemical and molecular characterizations and also the development of direct metabolic engineering strategies for modifications of flavone synthesis in plants to improve their nutritional and/or biopharmaceutical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Martens
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Philipps Universität Marburg, Germany
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