1
|
Chigogidze M, Mantskava M, Sanikidze T, Pagava Z, Urdulashvili T, Tsimakuridze M, Momtselidze N, Sharashidze N. Study of blood rheological parameters and NO in coronary artery disease patients with and without collaterals. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2023; 84:193-203. [PMID: 37066905 DOI: 10.3233/ch-231745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In coronary artery disease (CAD), an alternative way of improvement of blood circulation in the ischemic area of the myocardium is coronary collateral circulation. Our study aimed to investigate the rheological parameters of blood and nitric oxide (NO) content in patients with various degrees of collateral development and the likelihood of the influence of blood fluidity on collateral angiogenesis. METHODS We studied patients with stable CAD who underwent elective coronary angiography and a control group with the same mean age. We investigated patients with different degrees of developing collaterals and those without them. In studied patients, the blood plasma viscosity, aggregability, and deformability of erythrocytes, as the main indicators of blood rheology. We recorded content of stable metabolic end products of nitric oxide (NOx). RESULTS Results of the studies showed that in the blood of studied patients with CAD erythrocyte aggregation was increased and NO content decreased compared to the control level; NO content was as lower, as less was the number of developed collaterals was recorded. CONCLUSION In this work, the role of the aggregation ability of erythrocytes and the endothelial origin of NO in the direct and feedback regulatory mechanism of angiogenesis in patients with CAD are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maia Chigogidze
- Faculty of Medicine, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University. Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Maia Mantskava
- Laboratory of Rheology and Diagnosti Analytical Services, Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Department of Clinical Research, Multidisciplinary Science High School, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Tamar Sanikidze
- Department of Physics, Biophysics, Biomechanics and IT Technologies, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Zurab Pagava
- Department of Cardiopulmonary, Bokhua Memorial Cardiovascular Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Tamar Urdulashvili
- Laboratory of Rheology and Diagnosti Analytical Services, Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Department of Clinical Research, Multidisciplinary Science High School, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Marina Tsimakuridze
- Department of Nutrition, Aging Medicine, Environmental and Occupational Health, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Nana Momtselidze
- Laboratory of Rheology and Diagnosti Analytical Services, Ivane Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Department of Medicine, UNIK-Kutaisi University, Kutaisi, Georgia
| | - Nino Sharashidze
- Faculty of Medicine, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University. Tbilisi, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Krause BJ. Novel insights for the role of nitric oxide in placental vascular function during and beyond pregnancy. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7984-7999. [PMID: 34121195 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
More than 30 years have passed since endothelial nitric oxide synthesis was described using the umbilical artery and vein endothelium. That seminal report set the cornerstone for unveiling the molecular aspects of endothelial function. In parallel, the understanding of placental physiology has gained growing interest, due to its crucial role in intrauterine development, with considerable long-term health consequences. This review discusses the evidence for nitric oxide (NO) as a critical player of placental development and function, with a special focus on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) vascular effects. Also, the regulation of eNOS-dependent vascular responses in normal pregnancy and pregnancy-related diseases and their impact on prenatal and postnatal vascular health are discussed. Recent and compelling evidence has reinforced that eNOS regulation results from a complex network of processes, with novel data concerning mechanisms such as mechano-sensing, epigenetic, posttranslational modifications, and the expression of NO- and l-arginine-related pathways. In this regard, most of these mechanisms are expressed in an arterial-venous-specific manner and reflect traits of the fetal systemic circulation. Several studies using umbilical endothelial cells are not aimed to understand placental function but general endothelial function, reinforcing the influence of the placenta on general knowledge in physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo J Krause
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gifre-Renom L, Jones EAV. Vessel Enlargement in Development and Pathophysiology. Front Physiol 2021; 12:639645. [PMID: 33716786 PMCID: PMC7947306 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.639645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
From developmental stages until adulthood, the circulatory system remodels in response to changes in blood flow in order to maintain vascular homeostasis. Remodeling processes can be driven by de novo formation of vessels or angiogenesis, and by the restructuration of already existing vessels, such as vessel enlargement and regression. Notably, vessel enlargement can occur as fast as in few hours in response to changes in flow and pressure. The high plasticity and responsiveness of blood vessels rely on endothelial cells. Changes within the bloodstream, such as increasing shear stress in a narrowing vessel or lowering blood flow in redundant vessels, are sensed by endothelial cells and activate downstream signaling cascades, promoting behavioral changes in the involved cells. This way, endothelial cells can reorganize themselves to restore normal circulation levels within the vessel. However, the dysregulation of such processes can entail severe pathological circumstances with disturbances affecting diverse organs, such as human hereditary telangiectasias. There are different pathways through which endothelial cells react to promote vessel enlargement and mechanisms may differ depending on whether remodeling occurs in the adult or in developmental models. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the fast-adapting processes governing vessel enlargement can open the door to a new set of therapeutical approaches to be applied in occlusive vascular diseases. Therefore, we have outlined here the latest advances in the study of vessel enlargement in physiology and pathology, with a special insight in the pathways involved in its regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laia Gifre-Renom
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elizabeth A V Jones
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Recruitment and maturation of the coronary collateral circulation: Current understanding and perspectives in arteriogenesis. Microvasc Res 2020; 132:104058. [PMID: 32798552 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The coronary collateral circulation is a rich anastomotic network of primitive vessels which have the ability to augment in size and function through the process of arteriogenesis. In this review, we evaluate the current understandings of the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which this process occurs, specifically focussing on elevated fluid shear stress (FSS), inflammation, the redox state and gene expression along with the integrative, parallel and simultaneous process by which this occurs. The initiating step of arteriogenesis occurs following occlusion of an epicardial coronary artery, with an increase in FSS detected by mechanoreceptors within the endothelium. This must occur within a 'redox window' where an equilibrium of oxidative and reductive factors are present. These factors initially result in an inflammatory milieu, mediated by neutrophils as well as lymphocytes, with resultant activation of a number of downstream molecular pathways resulting in increased expression of proteins involved in monocyte attraction and adherence; namely vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). Once monocytes and other inflammatory cells adhere to the endothelium they enter the extracellular matrix and differentiate into macrophages in an effort to create a favourable environment for vessel growth and development. Activated macrophages secrete inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and matrix metalloproteinases. Finally, vascular smooth muscle cells proliferate and switch to a contractile phenotype, resulting in an increased diameter and functionality of the collateral vessel, thereby allowing improved perfusion of the distal myocardium subtended by the occluded vessel. This simultaneously reduces FSS within the collateral vessel, inhibiting further vessel growth.
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao S, Liu W, Feng C, Zhang X, Cai W, Luo M. Effect and Molecular Mechanisms of Collateral Vessel Growth Mediated by Activation of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1. J Vasc Res 2020; 57:185-194. [PMID: 32526735 DOI: 10.1159/000506516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Information on the function of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in arteriogenesis is limited. We aimed to verify whether TRPV1 is involved in collateral vessel growth in rat hind limbs and elucidate the possible subcellular action mechanisms. Adult Sprague Dawley rats were chosen to establish the hind limb ischemic model and treatment with capsaicin. Angiographies were performed, and tissue was isolated for immunohistochemistry. In vitro, rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs) were treated with capsaicin and antagonist capsazepine. The RAEC proliferation was determined, and the protein and mRNA levels of Ca2+-dependent transcription factors were assessed. In vivo, the collateral vessels exhibited positive outward remodeling characterized by enhanced inflammatory cell/macrophage accumulation in the adventitia and activated cell proliferation in all layers of the vascular wall and elevated endothelial NO synthetase expression in the rats with hind limb ligation. In RAECs, TRPV1 activation-induced Ca2+-dependent transcriptional factors, nuclear factor of activated T cells 1, calsenilin and myocyte enhancer factor 2C increase, and augmented RAEC proliferation could be a subcellular mechanism for TRPV1 in endothelial cells and ultimately contribute to collateral vessel growth. TRPV1, a novel candidate, positively regulates arteriogenesis, meriting further studies to unravel the potential therapeutic target leading to improved collateral vessel growth for treating ischemic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weiqing Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chengan Feng
- Department of Anatomy & Histology & Embryology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xingping Zhang
- Department of Anatomy & Histology & Embryology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Weijun Cai
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingying Luo
- Department of Anatomy & Histology & Embryology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rajendran S, Shen X, Glawe J, Kolluru GK, Kevil CG. Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Sulfide Regulation of Ischemic Vascular Growth and Remodeling. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:1213-1247. [PMID: 31187898 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic vascular remodeling occurs in response to stenosis or arterial occlusion leading to a change in blood flow and tissue perfusion. Altered blood flow elicits a cascade of molecular and cellular physiological responses leading to vascular remodeling of the macro- and micro-circulation. Although cellular mechanisms of vascular remodeling such as arteriogenesis and angiogenesis have been studied, therapeutic approaches in these areas have had limited success due to the complexity and heterogeneous constellation of molecular signaling events regulating these processes. Understanding central molecular players of vascular remodeling should lead to a deeper understanding of this response and aid in the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) and nitric oxide (NO) are gaseous signaling molecules that are critically involved in regulating fundamental biochemical and molecular responses necessary for vascular growth and remodeling. This review examines how NO and H2 S regulate pathophysiological mechanisms of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis, along with important chemical and experimental considerations revealed thus far. The importance of NO and H2 S bioavailability, their synthesis enzymes and cofactors, and genetic variations associated with cardiovascular risk factors suggest that they serve as pivotal regulators of vascular remodeling responses. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:1213-1247, 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xinggui Shen
- Departments of Pathology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport
| | - John Glawe
- Departments of Pathology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport
| | - Gopi K Kolluru
- Departments of Pathology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport
| | - Christopher G Kevil
- Departments of Pathology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport.,Departments of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport.,Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Myasoedova VA, Chistiakov DA, Grechko AV, Orekhov AN. Matrix metalloproteinases in pro-atherosclerotic arterial remodeling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 123:159-167. [PMID: 30172754 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is a family of Zn2+ endopeptidases that process various components of the extracellular matrix. These enzymes are also involved in activation and inhibition of signaling cascades through proteolytic cleavage of surface receptors. Moreover, MMPs play a key role in tissue remodeling and and repair. Dysregulation of MMPs is observed in patholofgical conditions, including atherosclerosis, which is associated with hyperactivation of MMPs, aberrant tissue remodeling and neovascularization of the growing atherosclerotic plaques. This makes MMPs interesting therapeutic targets that can be employed for developing novel therapies to treat atherosclerosis and its complications. Currently, a growing number of synthetic MMP inhibitors is available. In this review, we will discuss the role of these enzymes in atherosclerosis pathology and the ways of their pothential therapeutic use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika A Myasoedova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dimitry A Chistiakov
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V Grechko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 109240 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, 121609 Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bates DO, Beazley-Long N, Benest AV, Ye X, Ved N, Hulse RP, Barratt S, Machado MJ, Donaldson LF, Harper SJ, Peiris-Pages M, Tortonese DJ, Oltean S, Foster RR. Physiological Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors as Homeostatic Regulators. Compr Physiol 2018; 8:955-979. [PMID: 29978898 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of proteins are key regulators of physiological systems. Originally linked with endothelial function, they have since become understood to be principal regulators of multiple tissues, both through their actions on vascular cells, but also through direct actions on other tissue types, including epithelial cells, neurons, and the immune system. The complexity of the five members of the gene family in terms of their different splice isoforms, differential translation, and specific localizations have enabled tissues to use these potent signaling molecules to control how they function to maintain their environment. This homeostatic function of VEGFs has been less intensely studied than their involvement in disease processes, development, and reproduction, but they still play a substantial and significant role in healthy control of blood volume and pressure, interstitial volume and drainage, renal and lung function, immunity, and signal processing in the peripheral and central nervous system. The widespread expression of VEGFs in healthy adult tissues, and the disturbances seen when VEGF signaling is inhibited support this view of the proteins as endogenous regulators of normal physiological function. This review summarizes the evidence and recent breakthroughs in understanding of the physiology that is regulated by VEGF, with emphasis on the role they play in maintaining homeostasis. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:955-979, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David O Bates
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew V Benest
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Xi Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nikita Ved
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Richard P Hulse
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Shaney Barratt
- Academic Respiratory Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Maria J Machado
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy F Donaldson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Steven J Harper
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Peiris-Pages
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Domingo J Tortonese
- Centre for Comparative and Clinical Anatomy, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Oltean
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca R Foster
- Bristol Renal, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lee MY, Gamez-Mendez A, Zhang J, Zhuang Z, Vinyard DJ, Kraehling J, Velazquez H, Brudvig GW, Kyriakides TR, Simons M, Sessa WC. Endothelial Cell Autonomous Role of Akt1: Regulation of Vascular Tone and Ischemia-Induced Arteriogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:870-879. [PMID: 29449333 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.310748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The importance of PI3K/Akt signaling in the vasculature has been demonstrated in several models, as global loss of Akt1 results in impaired postnatal ischemia- and VEGF-induced angiogenesis. The ubiquitous expression of Akt1, however, raises the possibility of cell-type-dependent Akt1-driven actions, thereby necessitating tissue-specific characterization. APPROACH AND RESULTS Herein, we used an inducible, endothelial-specific Akt1-deleted adult mouse model (Akt1iECKO) to characterize the endothelial cell autonomous functions of Akt1 in the vascular system. Endothelial-targeted ablation of Akt1 reduces eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) phosphorylation and promotes both increased vascular contractility in isolated vessels and elevated diastolic blood pressures throughout the diurnal cycle in vivo. Furthermore, Akt1iECKO mice subject to the hindlimb ischemia model display impaired blood flow and decreased arteriogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial Akt1 signaling is necessary for ischemic resolution post-injury and likely reflects the consequence of NO insufficiency critical for vascular repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Y Lee
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - Ana Gamez-Mendez
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - Jiasheng Zhang
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - Zhenwu Zhuang
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - David J Vinyard
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - Jan Kraehling
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - Heino Velazquez
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - Themis R Kyriakides
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - Michael Simons
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - William C Sessa
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.).
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Guan Y, Cai B, Wu X, Peng S, Gan L, Huang D, Liu G, Dong L, Xiao L, Liu J, Zhang B, Cai WJ, Schaper J, Schaper W. microRNA-352 regulates collateral vessel growth induced by elevated fluid shear stress in the rat hind limb. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6643. [PMID: 28751690 PMCID: PMC5532297 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06910-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although collateral vessel growth is distinctly enhanced by elevated fluid shear stress (FSS), the underlying regulatory mechanism of this process remains incompletely understood. Recent studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a pivotal role in vascular development, homeostasis and a variety of diseases. Therefore, this study was designed to identify miRNAs involved in elevated FSS-induced collateral vessel growth in rat hind limbs. A side-to-side arteriovenous (AV) shunt was created between the distal stump of one of the bilaterally occluded femoral arteries and the accompanying vein. The miRNA array profile showed 94 differentially expressed miRNAs in FSS-stressed collaterals including miRNA-352 which was down-regulated. Infusion of antagomir-352 increased the number and proliferation of collateral vessels and promoted collateral flow restoration in a model of rat hind limb ligation. In cell culture studies, the miR-352 inhibitor increased endothelial proliferation, migration and tube formation. In addition, antagomir-352 up-regulated the expression of insulin-like growth factor II receptor (IGF2R), which may play a part in the complex pathway leading to arterial growth. We conclude that enhanced collateral vessel growth is controlled by miRNAs, among which miR-352 is a novel candidate that negatively regulates arteriogenesis, meriting additional studies to unravel the pathways leading to improved collateral circulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinglu Guan
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University Changsha, 410013, Hunan, P.R. China.,Department of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 77204, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Baizhen Cai
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha, 410013, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiong Wu
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University Changsha, 410013, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Song Peng
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University Changsha, 410013, Hunan, P.R. China.,Department of Radiology, the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Liaoying Gan
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University Changsha, 410013, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Da Huang
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University Changsha, 410013, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Guangmin Liu
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University Changsha, 410013, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Liping Dong
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University Changsha, 410013, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University Changsha, 410013, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Junwen Liu
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University Changsha, 410013, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University Changsha, 410013, Hunan, P.R. China.
| | - Wei-Jun Cai
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University Changsha, 410013, Hunan, P.R. China.
| | - Jutta Schaper
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Arteriogenesis Research Group, Bad Nauheim, D-61231, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Schaper
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Arteriogenesis Research Group, Bad Nauheim, D-61231, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yuan S, Kevil CG. Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Sulfide Regulation of Ischemic Vascular Remodeling. Microcirculation 2016; 23:134-45. [PMID: 26381654 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Blockage or restriction of blood flow through conduit arteries results in tissue ischemia downstream of the disturbed area. Local tissues can adapt to this challenge by stimulating vascular remodeling through angiogenesis and arteriogenesis thereby restoring blood perfusion and removal of wastes. Multiple molecular mechanisms of vascular remodeling during ischemia have been identified and extensively studied. However, therapeutic benefits from these findings and insights are limited due to the complexity of various signaling networks and a lack of understanding central metabolic regulators governing these responses. The gasotransmitters NO and H2 S have emerged as master regulators that influence multiple molecular targets necessary for ischemic vascular remodeling. In this review, we discuss how NO and H2 S are individually regulated under ischemia, what their roles are in angiogenesis and arteriogenesis, and how their interaction controls ischemic vascular remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Departments of Pathology, Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and Cell Biology and Anatomy, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Christopher G Kevil
- Departments of Pathology, Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and Cell Biology and Anatomy, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mandel ER, Uchida C, Nwadozi E, Makki A, Haas TL. Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase 1 Influences Vascular Adaptations to Chronic Alterations in Blood Flow. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:831-841. [PMID: 27430487 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Remodeling of the skeletal muscle microvasculature involves the coordinated actions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their endogenous inhibitors, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). We hypothesized that the loss of TIMP1 would enhance both ischemia and flow-induced vascular remodeling by increasing MMP activity. TIMP1 deficient (Timp1-/- ) and wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice underwent unilateral femoral artery (FA) ligation or were treated with prazosin, an alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist, in order to investigate vascular remodeling to altered flow. Under basal conditions, Timp1-/- mice had reduced microvascular content as compared to WT mice. Furthermore, vascular remodeling was impaired in Timp1-/- mice. Timp1-/- mice displayed reduced blood flow recovery in response to FA ligation and no arteriogenic response to prazosin treatment. Timp1-/- mice failed to undergo angiogenesis in response to ischemia or prazosin, despite maintaining the capacity to increase VEGF-A and eNOS mRNA. Vascular permeability was increased in muscles of Timp1-/- mice in response to both prazosin treatment and FA ligation, but this was not accompanied by greater MMP activity. This study highlights a previously undescribed integral role for TIMP1 in both vascular network maturation and adaptations to ischemia or alterations in flow. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 831-841, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Mandel
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science and the Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cassandra Uchida
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science and the Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Nwadozi
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science and the Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Armin Makki
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science and the Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tara L Haas
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science and the Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Association of blood pressure and coronary collateralization in type 2 diabetic and nondiabetic patients with stable angina and chronic total occlusion. J Hypertens 2016; 33:621-6; discussion 626. [PMID: 25490709 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated whether and to what extent blood pressure (BP) affects coronary collateralization in type 2 diabetic and nondiabetic patients with stable angina and chronic total occlusion. METHODS Brachial BP was measured using an inflatable cuff manometer in 431 diabetic and 287 nondiabetic patients with stable angina and angiographic total occlusion of at least one major coronary artery. They were classified according to the SBP (<100, 100-119, 120-139, 140-159, 160-179, and ≥180 mmHg), DBP (<60, 60-69, 70-79, 80-89, 90-99, and ≥100 mmHg), and pulse (<40, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, and ≥80 mmHg) BP ranges. The degree of coronary collaterals supplying the distal aspect of a total occlusion from the contralateral vessel was graded as poor (Rentrop score of 0 or 1) or good collateralization (Rentrop score of 2 or 3). RESULTS In diabetic patients, the incidence of poor collateralization was related to the DBP in a U-shaped pattern, with the lowest risk at 80-89 mmHg. In nondiabetic patients, an optimal DBP range was 90-99 mmHg for good collaterals, but no U-shaped relation between DBP and coronary collateralization was observed. After adjusting for the baseline characteristics in the logistic regression models, the increased risk of poor collateralization persisted for low or high DBP ranges in diabetic [odds ratio (OR) 2.02-7.29, P ≤ 0.04] and nondiabetic patients (OR 3.62-5.98, P ≤ 0.02). No such relations were observed between collateral grades and SBP and pulse BP. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that 80-89 and 90-99 mmHg are the optimal ranges for DBP in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with stable angina and chronic total occlusion, within which the risk of poor collateralization is low.
Collapse
|
14
|
Guan Y, Cai B, Liu Z, Ye F, Deng P, Cai WJ, Schaper J, Schaper W. The Formation of Aberrant Collateral Vessels during Coronary Arteriogenesis in Dog Heart. Cells Tissues Organs 2016; 201:118-29. [PMID: 26796132 DOI: 10.1159/000442381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported excessive growth of collateral vessels in the dog heart during arteriogenesis induced by implantation of an ameroid constrictor around the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery. In the present study, using histology and immunocofocal microscopy, we further investigated how these aberrant collateral vessels form. By comparison with mature collateral vessels the following findings were made: perivascular space was very narrow where damage of the perivascular myocardium occurred; the neointima was very thick, resulting in a very small lumen; elastica van Gieson staining revealed the absence of the internal elastic lamina and of elastic fibers in the adventitia, but abundant collagen in the adventitia as well as in the neointima; smooth muscle cells of the neointima expressed less α-SM actin and little desmin; expression of the fibroblast growth factors aFGF, bFGF and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AB was observed mainly in the endothelial cells and abluminal region, but transforming growth factor-β1 was only present in the adventitia and damaged myocardium; angiogenesis in the neointima was observed in some collateral vessels expressing high levels of eNOS, and cell proliferation was mainly present in the abluminal region, but apoptosis was in the deep neointima. In conclusion, these data for the first time reveal that the formation of the aberrant collateral vessels in the dog heart involves active extracellular proteolysis and a special expression profile of growth factors, eNOS, cell proliferation and apoptosis. The finding of a narrow perivascular space and perivascular myocardial damage suggests that anatomical constraint is most likely the cause for exacerbated inward remodeling in aberrant collateral vessels in dog heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinglu Guan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Vitamin D: evidence for an association with coronary collateral circulation development? ADVANCES IN INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY 2015; 11:174-6. [PMID: 26677355 PMCID: PMC4631729 DOI: 10.5114/pwki.2015.54008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
16
|
Yang B, Cai B, Deng P, Wu X, Guan Y, Zhang B, Cai W, Schaper J, Schaper W. Nitric Oxide Increases Arterial Endotheial Permeability through Mediating VE-Cadherin Expression during Arteriogenesis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127931. [PMID: 26133549 PMCID: PMC4489889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage invasion is an important event during arteriogenesis, but the underlying mechanism is still only partially understood. The present study tested the hypothesis that nitric oxide (NO) and VE-cadherin, two key mediators for vascular permeability, contribute to this event in a rat ischemic hindlimb model. In addition, the effect of NO on expression of VE-caherin and endothelial permeability was also studied in cultured HUVECs. We found that: 1) in normal arteriolar vessels (NAV), eNOS was moderately expressed in endothelial cells (EC) and iNOS was rarely detected. In contrast, in collateral vessels (CVs) induced by simple femoral artery ligation, both eNOS and iNOS were significantly upregulated (P<0.05). Induced iNOS was found mainly in smooth muscle cells, but also in other vascular cells and macrophages; 2) in NAV VE-cadherin was strongly expressed in EC. In CVs, VE-cadherin was significantly downregulated, with a discontinuous and punctate pattern. Administration of nitric oxide donor DETA NONOate (NONOate) further reduced the amounts of Ve-cadherin in CVs, whereas NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME inhibited downregulation of VE-cadherin in CVs; 3) in normal rats Evans blue extravasation (EBE) was low in the musculus gracilis, FITC-dextron leakage was not detected in the vascular wall and few macrophages were observed in perivascular space. In contrast, EBE was significantly increased in femoral artery ligation rats, FITC-dextron leakage and increased amounts of macrophages were detected in CVs, which were further enhanced by administration of NONOate, but inhibited by L-NAME supplement; 4) in vitro experiments confirmed that an increase in NO production reduced VE-cadherin expression, correlated with increases in the permeability of HUVECs. In conclusion, our data for the first time reveal the expression profile of VE-cadherin and alterations of vascular permeability in CVs, suggesting that NO-mediated VE-cadherin pathway may be one important mechanism responsible, at least in part, for macrophage invasion during arteriogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baolin Yang
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South Univ., Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P.R. China
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Nanchang Univ., Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Baizhen Cai
- Dept. of Intensive Care Unit, the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South Univ., Changsha, 410013, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Panyue Deng
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South Univ., Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (WC); (PD); (WS); (JS)
| | - Xiaoqiong Wu
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South Univ., Changsha, 410013, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yinglu Guan
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South Univ., Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South Univ., Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Weijun Cai
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South Univ., Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (WC); (PD); (WS); (JS)
| | - Jutta Schaper
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Arteriogenesis Research Group, Bad Nauheim, D-61231, Germany
- * E-mail: (WC); (PD); (WS); (JS)
| | - Wolfgang Schaper
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Arteriogenesis Research Group, Bad Nauheim, D-61231, Germany
- * E-mail: (WC); (PD); (WS); (JS)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Meier P, Schirmer SH, Lansky AJ, Timmis A, Pitt B, Seiler C. The collateral circulation of the heart. BMC Med 2013; 11:143. [PMID: 23735225 PMCID: PMC3689049 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronary arteries have been regarded as end arteries for decades. However, there are functionally relevant anastomotic vessels, known as collateral arteries, which interconnect epicardial coronary arteries. These vessels provide an alternative source of blood supply to the myocardium in cases of occlusive coronary artery disease. The relevance of these collateral arteries is a matter of ongoing debate, but increasing evidence indicates a relevant protective role in patients with coronary artery disease. The collateral circulation can be assessed by different methods; the gold standard involves intracoronary pressure measurements. While the first clinical trials to therapeutically induce growth of collateral arteries have been unavailing, recent pilot studies using external counterpulsation or growth factors such as granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) have shown promising results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Meier
- The Heart Hospital London, University College London Hospitals UCLH, London, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shu W, jing J, Fu LC, Min JT, Bo YX, Ying Z, Dai CY. The relationship between diastolic pressure and coronary collateral circulation in patients with stable angina pectoris and chronic total occlusion. Am J Hypertens 2013; 26:630-5. [PMID: 23391622 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hps096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most important biomechanical source of activation of the coronary collateral circulation (CCC) is increased tangential fluid shear stress at the arterial endothelial surface. The coronary circulation is unique in that most coronary blood flow occurs in diastole. Consequently, the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) may influence the tangential fluid shear stress on the arterial endothelial surface in diastole, therebyaffecting development of the CCC. METHODS To investigate this, we conducted a study of 222 patients with stable angina pectoris and chronic total occlusion of coronary arteries. All of the patients had no history of coronary artery interventional therapy, coronary artery bypass surgery, cardiomyopathy, or congenital heart disease. The extent of the collateral vasculature of the area perfused by the artery affected by chronic total occlusion was graded as poor or well-developed according to Rentrop's classification. RESULTS Univariate analysis showed a significant difference between the study subgroup with poorly developed collaterals and that with well-developed collaterals in terms of high diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean DBP. Multivariate analysis revealed high DBP as the only independent positive predictor of a well-developed collateral circulation. CONCLUSIONS High DBP is positively related to a well-developed CCC. Differences in development of the CCC may be one of the pathophysiologic mechanisms responsible for the J-curve phenomenon in the relationship between DBP and cardiovascular risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Shu
- The Cardiovascular Medical Department of the General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yang BL, Wu S, Wu X, Li MB, Zhu W, Guan Y, Liu LH, Luo MY, Cai WJ, Schaper J, Schaper W. Effect of shunting of collateral flow into the venous system on arteriogenesis and angiogenesis in rabbit hind limb. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2013; 46:1-10. [PMID: 23554534 PMCID: PMC3596601 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.12025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the vascular remodeling in the external iliac artery (EIA) and the lower leg muscles in a rabbit shunt model created between the distal stump of the occluded femoral artery and the accompanying vein. Histology and immunoconfocal microscopy were used in this study. We found that: 1) both endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and phosphorylated eNOS (P-eNOS) proteins were significantly increased in the shunt-side EIA; 2) matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression was 5.5 times in shunt side EIA over that in normal EIA; 3) intercellular adhension molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression was strongly induced in endothelial cells (EC) and vascular adhension molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression was significantly increased in both EC and the adventitia of the shunt-side EIA; 4) augmentation of cell proliferation and extracellular proteolysis by macrophage infiltration was observed in shunt-side EIA; 5) cell proliferation was active in shunt side EIA, but quiet in shunt side lower leg’s arterial vessels; 6) capillary density in shunt side lower leg muscles was 2 times over that in normal side. In conclusion, our data demonstrate the paradigm that the power of shear stress takes the reins in arteriogenesis, whereas ischemia in angiogenesis, but not in arteriogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bao-lin Yang
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Nanchang University
| | - Song Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | - Xiaoqiong Wu
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University
| | - Ming Bo Li
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University
| | - Wu Zhu
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University
| | - Yinglu Guan
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University
| | - Li-Hua Liu
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University
| | - Ming-ying Luo
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University
| | - Wei-Jun Cai
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University
| | - Jutta Schaper
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Arteriogenesis Research Group
| | - Wolfgang Schaper
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Arteriogenesis Research Group
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common vascular disease that reduces blood flow capacity to the legs of patients. PAD leads to exercise intolerance that can progress in severity to greatly limit mobility, and in advanced cases leads to frank ischemia with pain at rest. It is estimated that 12 to 15 million people in the United States are diagnosed with PAD, with a much larger population that is undiagnosed. The presence of PAD predicts a 50% to 1500% increase in morbidity and mortality, depending on severity. Treatment of patients with PAD is limited to modification of cardiovascular disease risk factors, pharmacological intervention, surgery, and exercise therapy. Extended exercise programs that involve walking approximately five times per week, at a significant intensity that requires frequent rest periods, are most significant. Preclinical studies and virtually all clinical trials demonstrate the benefits of exercise therapy, including improved walking tolerance, modified inflammatory/hemostatic markers, enhanced vasoresponsiveness, adaptations within the limb (angiogenesis, arteriogenesis, and mitochondrial synthesis) that enhance oxygen delivery and metabolic responses, potentially delayed progression of the disease, enhanced quality of life indices, and extended longevity. A synthesis is provided as to how these adaptations can develop in the context of our current state of knowledge and events known to be orchestrated by exercise. The benefits are so compelling that exercise prescription should be an essential option presented to patients with PAD in the absence of contraindications. Obviously, selecting for a lifestyle pattern that includes enhanced physical activity prior to the advance of PAD limitations is the most desirable and beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tara L Haas
- Angiogenesis Research Group, Muscle Health Research Centre, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Arteriosclerotic vascular disease is the most common cause of death and a major cause of disability in the developed world. Adverse outcomes of arteriosclerotic vascular disease are related to consequences of tissue ischemia and necrosis affecting the heart, brain, limbs, and other organs. Collateral artery growth or arteriogenesis occurs naturally and can help restore perfusion to ischemic tissues. Understanding the mechanisms of collateral artery growth may provide therapeutic options for patients with ischemic vascular disease. In this review, we examine the evidence for a role of monocytes and macrophages in collateral arteriogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Fung
- Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical CenterLebanon, NH, USA
| | - Armin Helisch
- Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical CenterLebanon, NH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ito H, Matsushita S, Ishikawa S, Goto Y, Sakai M, Onizuka M, Sato Y, Sakakibara Y. Significant correlation between endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and alveolar repair in elastase-induced rat pulmonary emphysema. Surg Today 2012; 43:293-9. [PMID: 22911252 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-012-0293-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Angiogenic factors, such as endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), are thought to play an important role in the repair of pulmonary emphysema (PE); yet, the correlation of the factors involved has not been investigated. We conducted this study to clarify the positive correlation between eNOS expression and alveolar repair in PE recovery. METHODS We used elastase to induce PE in rats, which were divided into Groups A (Control), B (G-CSF), C (PE) and D (PE + G-CSF). G-CSF was injected for 12 days, 4 weeks after which the alveolar walls, arterioles, and angiogenic factors including eNOS were examined histopathologically and by western blotting. RESULTS In comparing Groups A, B, C, and D, the alveolar density was 2.4 ± 0.2, 2.4 ± 0.1, 1.8 ± 0.1, 2.5 ± 0.1 per 100 μm(2), respectively (C vs. others; p < 0.00001) and the number of arterioles was 4.5 ± 1.0, 5.6 ± 0.6, 3.2 ± 0.5, 5.5 ± 0.7/mm(2), respectively (C vs. others; p < 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) revealed different eNOS expression in Group D versus Group C (p < 0.0001) and western blotting revealed different eNOS, VEGF, and FLT-1 expression in Group D versus Group C (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, p < 0.001), reflecting the contribution of angiogenesis to PE repair. eNOS showed a significantly positive correlation to alveolar density and arteriole repair. CONCLUSION Alveolar repair was correlated positively with eNOS expression by vascular regeneration in elastase-induced rat PE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Ito
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Krause B, Hanson M, Casanello P. Role of nitric oxide in placental vascular development and function. Placenta 2011; 32:797-805. [PMID: 21798594 PMCID: PMC3218217 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2011.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most pleiotropic signaling molecules at systemic and cellular levels, participating in vascular tone regulation, cellular respiration, proliferation, apoptosis and gene expression. Indeed NO actively participates in trophoblast invasion, placental development and represents the main vasodilator in this tissue. Despite the large number of studies addressing the role of NO in the placenta, its participation in placental vascular development and the effect of altered levels of NO on placental function remains to be clarified. This review draws a time-line of the participation of NO throughout placental vascular development, from the differentiation of vascular precursors to the consolidation of vascular function are considered. The influence of NO on cell types involved in the origin of the placental vasculature and the expression and function of the nitric oxide synthases (NOS) throughout pregnancy are described. The developmental processes involved in the placental vascular bed are considered, such as the participation of NO in placental vasculogenesis and angiogenesis through VEGF and Angiopoietin signaling molecules. The role of NO in vascular function once the placental vascular tree has developed, in normal pregnancy as well as in pregnancy-related diseases, is then discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B.J. Krause
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| | - M.A. Hanson
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Academic Unit of Human Development & Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - P. Casanello
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mueller I, O’Brien K. Nitric oxide synthase is not expressed, nor up-regulated in response to cold acclimation in liver or muscle of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Nitric Oxide 2011; 25:416-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
26
|
Diabetes impairs arteriogenesis in the peripheral circulation: review of molecular mechanisms. Clin Sci (Lond) 2010; 119:225-38. [PMID: 20545627 DOI: 10.1042/cs20100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Patients suffering from both diabetes and PAD (peripheral arterial disease) are at risk of developing critical limb ischaemia and ulceration, and potentially requiring limb amputation. In addition, diabetes complicates surgical treatment of PAD and impairs arteriogenesis. Arteriogenesis is defined as the remodelling of pre-existing arterioles into conductance vessels to restore the perfusion distal to the occluded artery. Several strategies to promote arteriogenesis in the peripheral circulation have been devised, but the mechanisms through which diabetes impairs arteriogenesis are poorly understood. The present review provides an overview of the current literature on the deteriorating effects of diabetes on the key players in the arteriogenesis process. Diabetes affects arteriogenesis at a number of levels. First, it elevates vasomotor tone and attenuates sensing of shear stress and the response to vasodilatory stimuli, reducing the recruitment and dilatation of collateral arteries. Secondly, diabetes impairs the downstream signalling of monocytes, without decreasing monocyte attraction. In addition, EPC (endothelial progenitor cell) function is attenuated in diabetes. There is ample evidence that growth factor signalling is impaired in diabetic arteriogenesis. Although these defects could be restored in animal experiments, clinical results have been disappointing. Furthermore, the diabetes-induced impairment of eNOS (endothelial NO synthase) strongly affects outward remodelling, as NO signalling plays a key role in several remodelling processes. Finally, in the structural phase of arteriogenesis, diabetes impairs matrix turnover, smooth muscle cell proliferation and fibroblast migration. The review concludes with suggestions for new and more sophisticated therapeutic approaches for the diabetic population.
Collapse
|
27
|
Dai X, Faber JE. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase deficiency causes collateral vessel rarefaction and impairs activation of a cell cycle gene network during arteriogenesis. Circ Res 2010; 106:1870-81. [PMID: 20431061 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.109.212746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The collateral circulation is tissue- and life-saving in obstructive arterial disease. Disappointing outcomes in clinical trials aimed at augmenting collateral growth highlight the need for greater understanding of collateral biology. OBJECTIVE The role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in forming native (preexisting) collaterals and remodeling in obstructive disease are unknown or controversial issues, respectively. METHODS AND RESULTS We compared the native collateral circulation in healthy tissue and collateral remodeling after femoral artery ligation (FAL) in wild-type and eNOS-knockout (KO) mice. Perfusion after FAL fell further in adult eNOS-KOs, in association with fewer native collaterals in hindlimb (confirmed in brain). This was not attributable to impaired collateral formation in the embryo-neonate, but rather from collateral loss during growth to adulthood. Compared to wild-type, eNOS-KOs evidenced reduced collateral remodeling, angiogenesis, and flow-mediated dilation of the arterial bed supplying the collaterals, resulting in lower perfusion and greater ischemic injury at all time points over 21 days following FAL. To probe the mechanism for impaired remodeling, we performed genome-wide expression profiling of isolated, remodeling hindlimb collaterals 24 hour after FAL. Upregulation of genes encoding cytokines/chemokines, inflammatory, stress response, and cell cycle proteins was evident in wild-type mice. In contrast, expression was lower in 40 of 44 cell cycle genes in eNOS-KO mice, in association with impaired proliferation of vascular wall cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a novel role for eNOS in maintaining native collateral density during natural growth to adulthood and in collateral remodeling in obstructive disease, the latter through regulation of cell proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuming Dai
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 111 Mason Farm Rd, CB #7545, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Arterial lumen narrowing and vascular occlusion is the actual cause of morbidity and mortality in atherosclerotic disease. Collateral artery formation (arteriogenesis) refers to an active remodelling of non-functional vascular anastomoses to functional collateral arteries, capable to bypass the site of obstruction and preserve the tissue that is jeopardized by ischaemia. Hemodynamic forces such as shear stress and wall stress play a pivotal role in collateral artery formation, accompanied by the expression of various cytokines and invasion of circulating leucocytes. Arteriogenesis hence represents an important compensatory mechanism for atherosclerotic vessel occlusion. As arteriogenesis mostly occurs when lumen narrowing by atherosclerotic plaques takes place, presence of cardiovascular risk factors (e.g. hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia and diabetes) is highly likely. Risk factors for atherosclerotic disease affect collateral artery growth directly and indirectly by altering hemodynamic forces or influencing cellular function and proliferation. Adequate collateralization varies significantly among atherosclerotic patients, some profit from the presence of extensive collateral networks, whereas others do not. Cardiovascular risk factors could increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular events in certain patients because of the reduced protection through an alternative vascular network. Likewise, drugs primarily thought to control cardiovascular risk factors might contribute or counteract collateral artery growth. This review summarizes current knowledge on the influence of cardiovascular risk factors and the effects of cardiovascular medication on the development of collateral vessels in experimental and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D de Groot
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, UMC Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Castier Y, Ramkhelawon B, Riou S, Tedgui A, Lehoux S. Role of NF-kappaB in flow-induced vascular remodeling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11:1641-9. [PMID: 19320561 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2008.2393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Vascular remodeling associated with increased blood flow involves reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). To investigate the potential role of NF-kappaB in this process, human umbilical vein endothelial cells were subjected to different flow conditions during a 24-h period. Normal (15 dynes/cm(2)) and high (30 dynes/cm(2)) shear stress induced IkappaBalpha degradation and NF-kappaB p65 phosphorylation, and activated MMP-2 and MMP-9. These effects were blunted in cells incubated with the NF-kappaB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithio-carbamate (PDTC). In mice, creation of a carotid artery-jugular vein arteriovenous fistula (AVF) increased carotid blood flow sixfold, triggering the increase in carotid diameter from 459 +/- 8 microm (before AVF) to 531 +/- 13 and 669 +/- 21 microm (7 and 21 days after AVF). ROS production and NF-kappaB activity were enhanced in fistulated carotids, but only the latter was blocked by PDTC, although PDTC blocked ROS production in vitro. In PDTC-treated mice, changes in carotid caliber and shear stress matched controls at 7 days, but carotids enlarged only marginally thereafter, reaching only 578 +/- 8 microm at 21 days (p < 0.01 vs. untreated). Similarly, both MMP-9 expression and activity were abrogated by PDTC at 3 weeks. Hence, induction of NF-kappaB by shear stress contributes to MMP induction and allows long-term flow-induced vascular enlargement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yves Castier
- Parts Cardiovascular Research Center, Inserm U970, HEGP, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Millard RW, Wang Y. Milieu intérieur: the search for myocardial arteriogenic signals. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 53:2148-9. [PMID: 19497440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
31
|
Grundmann S, Schirmer SH, Hekking LHP, Post JA, Ionita MG, de Groot D, van Royen N, van den Berg B, Vink H, Moser M, Bode C, de Kleijn D, Pasterkamp G, Piek JJ, Hoefer IE. Endothelial glycocalyx dimensions are reduced in growing collateral arteries and modulate leucocyte adhesion in arteriogenesis. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 13:3463-74. [PMID: 19438808 PMCID: PMC4516501 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00735.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During collateral artery growth, monocytes adhere to the endothelium and secrete cytokines from the perivascular space promoting arteriogenesis. Recently, the endothelial glycocalyx has been shown to modulate leucocyte infiltration in atherogenic regions. The role of this endothelial surface coating in arteriogenesis, however, has not been investigated so far. We now report that local plasma levels of hyaluronic acid are specifically increased in collateral arterial blood of coronary artery disease patients and hypothesized that components of the endothelial glycocalyx are shed during arteriogenesis, resulting in decreased glycocalyx dimensions and an increased leucocyte extravasation. In a rabbit model of femoral artery ligation, electron microscopy revealed a decrease in glycocalyx dimensions in collateral arteries compared with quiescent anastomoses (67.5 ± 47.2 nm versus 101.0 ± 11.3 nm; P < 0.001). This decrease was correlated with a higher number of perivascular macrophages around collateral arteries. The additional glycocalyx perturbation by local hyaluronidase infusion almost completely removed the endothelial surface layer and temporarily stimulated leucocyte accumulation in the perivascular space. However, complete perturbation of the glycocalyx by hyaluronidase infusion resulted in a significant attenuation of collateral artery growth assessed by microsphere-based perfusion measurements (ml/min/100 mmHg: hyaluronidase: 27.5 ± 3.5; Controls: 47.1 ± 3.83; P < 0.001) and a lower percentage of actively proliferating vascular smooth muscle cells. A decreased expression of the shear-stress regulated pro-arteriogenic genes eNOS and TGF-β1 suggests an impaired mechanotransduction as the underlying mechanisms. For the first time, we describe the role of the endothelial glycocalyx in collateral artery growth. Although complete abrogation led to attenuated arteriogenesis, shedding of glycocalyx components is observed during collateral artery growth.
Collapse
|
32
|
Troidl C, Troidl K, Schierling W, Cai WJ, Nef H, Möllmann H, Kostin S, Schimanski S, Hammer L, Elsässer A, Schmitz-Rixen T, Schaper W. Trpv4 induces collateral vessel growth during regeneration of the arterial circulation. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 13:2613-2621. [PMID: 19017361 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00579.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of a collateral circulation (arteriogenesis), bypassing an arterial occlusion, is important for tissue survival, but it remains functionally defective. Micro array data of growing collateral vessels, exposed to chronically elevated fluid shear stress (FSS), showed increased transcription of the transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 4 (Trpv4). Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of the shear stress sensitive Trpv4 in transmitting this physical stimulus into an active growth response. qRT-PCR at different time points during the growth of collateral vessels after femoral artery ligature (FAL) in rats showed a strong positive correlation of Trpv4 transcription and the intensity of FSS. An increased protein expression of Trpv4 was localized in the FSS-sensing endothelium by means of confocal immunohistochemistry. Cultured porcine endothelial cells showed a dose-dependent expression of Trpv4 and an increased level of Ki67-positive cells upon treatment with 4alpha-Phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (4alphaPDD), a specific Trpv4 activator. This was also demonstrated by flow culture experiments. These results were confirmed by in vivo application of 4alphaPDD in rabbit hind limb circulation via an osmotic mini-pump after FAL. Trpv4 expression as well as Ki67-positive staining was significantly increased in collateral vessels. Finally, 4alphaPDD treatment after FAL led to a 61% (215.5 ml/min/mmHg versus 350 ml/min/mmHg) recovery of conductance when compared with the non-occluded artery. Cell culture and in vivo studies demonstrate that an FSS- or a 4alphaPDD-induced activation of Trpv4 leads to an active proliferation of vascular cells and finally triggers collateral growth. Trpv4, a well-known FSS-sensitive vasodilator, has hitherto not been implicated in active growth processes of collateral arteries. This new function may lead to new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of arterial occlusive diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Troidl
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Kerstin Troidl
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Wilma Schierling
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Wei-Jun Cai
- Xiangsha School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Central South University Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Holger Nef
- Kerckhoff Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Helge Möllmann
- Kerckhoff Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Sava Kostin
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Sylvia Schimanski
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Linda Hammer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Albrecht Elsässer
- Kerckhoff Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitz-Rixen
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Goethe-Univ. of Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schaper
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cui X, Chopp M, Zacharek A, Zhang C, Roberts C, Chen J. Role of endothelial nitric oxide synthetase in arteriogenesis after stroke in mice. Neuroscience 2009; 159:744-50. [PMID: 19154781 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2008] [Revised: 12/17/2008] [Accepted: 12/23/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Arteriogenesis supports restored perfusion in the ischemic brain and improves long-term functional outcome after stroke. We investigate the role of endothelial nitric oxide synthetase (eNOS) and a nitric oxide (NO) donor, (Z)-1-[N-(2-aminoethyl)-N-(2-ammonioethyl) amino] diazen-1-ium-1, 2-diolate (DETA-NONOate), in promoting arteriogenesis after stroke. Adult wild-type (WT, n=18) and eNOS-knockout (eNOS(-/-), n=36) mice were subjected to transient (2.5 h) right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) and were treated with or without DETA-NONOate (0.4 mg/kg) 24 h after MCAo. Functional evaluation was performed. Animals were sacrificed 3 days after MCAo for arterial cell culture studies, or 14 days for immunohistochemical analysis. Consistent with previous studies, eNOS(-/-) mice exhibited a higher mortality rate (P<0.05, n=18/group) and more severe neurological functional deficit after MCAo than WT mice (P<0.05, n=12/group). Decreased arteriogenesis, was evident in eNOS(-/-) mice compared with WT mice, as demonstrated by reduced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, arterial density and diameter in the ischemic brain. eNOS(-/-) mice treated with DETA-NONOate had a significantly decreased mortality rate and improved functional recovery, and exhibited enhanced arteriogenesis identified by increased VSMC proliferation, and upregulated arterial density and diameter compared to eNOS(-/-) mice after stroke (P<0.05, n=12/group). To elucidate the mechanisms underlying eNOS/NO mediated arteriogenesis, VSMC migration was measured in vitro. Arterial cell migration significantly decreased in the cultured common carotid artery (CCA) derived from eNOS(-/-) mice 3 days after MCAo compared to WT arterial cells. DETA-NONOate-treatment significantly attenuated eNOS(-/-)-induced decrease of arterial cell migration compared to eNOS(-/-) control artery (P<0.05; n=6/group). Using VSMC culture, DETA-NONOate significantly increased VSMC migration, while inhibition of NOS significantly decreased VSMC migration (P<0.05; n=6/group). Our data indicated that eNOS not only promotes vascular dilation but also increases VSMC proliferation and migration, and thereby enhances arteriogenesis after stroke. Therefore, increase eNOS may play an important role in regulating of arteriogenesis after stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Cui
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Perez-Ilzarbe M, Agbulut O, Pelacho B, Ciorba C, San Jose-Eneriz E, Desnos M, Hagège AA, Aranda P, Andreu EJ, Menasché P, Prósper F. Characterization of the paracrine effects of human skeletal myoblasts transplanted in infarcted myocardium. Eur J Heart Fail 2008; 10:1065-72. [PMID: 18805052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejheart.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Revised: 06/26/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The discrepancy between the functional improvements yielded experimentally by skeletal myoblasts (SM) transplanted in infarcted myocardium and the paucity of their long-term engraftment has raised the hypothesis of cell-mediated paracrine mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed gene expression and growth factors released by undifferentiated human SM (CD56(+)), myotubes (SM cultured until confluence) and fibroblasts-like cells (CD56(-)). Gene expression revealed up-regulation of pro-angiogenic (PGF), anti-apoptotics (BAG-1, BCL-2), heart development (TNNT2, TNNC1) and extracellular matrix remodelling (MMP-2, MMP-7) genes in SM. In line with the gene expression profile, the analysis of culture supernatants of SM by ELISA identified the release of growth factors involved in angiogenesis (VEGF, PIGF, angiogenin, angiopoietin, HGF and PDGF-BB) as well as proteases involved in matrix remodelling (MMP2, MMP9 and MMP10) and their inhibitors (TIMPs). Culture of smooth muscle cells (SMC), cardiomyocytes (HL-1) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with SM-released conditioned media demonstrated an increased proliferation of HUVEC, SMC and cardiomyocytes (p<0.05) and a decrease in apoptosis of cardiomyocytes (p<0.05). Analysis of nude rats transplanted with human SM demonstrated expression of human-specific MMP-2, TNNI3, CNN3, PGF, TNNT2, PAX7, TGF-beta, and IGF-1 1 month after transplant. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the paracrine hypothesis whereby myoblast-secreted factors may contribute to the beneficial effects of myogenic cell transplantation in infarcted myocardium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maitane Perez-Ilzarbe
- Hematology, Cardiology and Cell Therapy, Clínica Universitaria and Division of Cancer, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Division of Cancer, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
van Oostrom MC, van Oostrom O, Quax PHA, Verhaar MC, Hoefer IE. Insights into mechanisms behind arteriogenesis: what does the future hold? J Leukoc Biol 2008; 84:1379-91. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0508281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
|
36
|
Lin CY, Chang C, Cheung WM, Lin MH, Chen JJ, Hsu CY, Chen JH, Lin TN. Dynamic changes in vascular permeability, cerebral blood volume, vascular density, and size after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats: evaluation with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2008; 28:1491-501. [PMID: 18478021 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2008.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Postischemic cerebral blood flow and blood volume changes have been associated with angiogenesis; nevertheless, the spatiotemporal changes in vascular permeability, vascular density, and vessel size have not been investigated. Here we report a prolonged increase in vascular permeability from day 3 to day 21 after ischemia, in particular in the reperfused outer cortical layers and leptomeninges. Increased cerebral blood volume (CBV) was observed from day 3 to day 14, whereas increased blood volume in small vessels, primarily capillaries, was noticed from day 7 to day 14 in the reperfused cortex. An initial decrease in vascular density and a reciprocal increase in vessel size were observed within the reperfused cortex at days 1 and 3 after ischemia. Immunohistological analysis confirmed a similar decrease in microvessel density and an increase in vessel size in vessels with a diameter greater than 30 microm. These large-sized vessels exhibited intense basic fibroblast growth factor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity, suggesting the growth of collateral vessels. By contrast, a late increase in vascular density was noticed in the reperfused outer cortex at days 14 and 21 after ischemia. Together, these findings suggest that the early phase of CBV increase is likely because of the improvement in collateral circulation, whereas the late phase of CBV increase is attributed to the surge of angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yuan Lin
- Interdisciplinary MRI/MRS Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Raffetto JD, Khalil RA. Mechanisms of varicose vein formation: valve dysfunction and wall dilation. Phlebology 2008; 23:85-98. [PMID: 18453484 DOI: 10.1258/phleb.2007.007027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Varicose veins are a common venous disease of the lower extremity. Although the mechanisms and determinants in the development of varicosities are not clearly defined, recent clinical studies and basic science research have cast some light on possible mechanisms of the disease. In varicose veins, there are reflux and incompetent valves as well as vein wall dilation. Primary structural changes in the valves may make them ‘leaky’, with progressive reflux causing secondary changes in the vein wall. Alternatively, or concurrently, the valves may become incompetent secondary to structural abnormalities and focal dilation in vein wall segments near the valve junctions, and the reflux ensues as an epiphenomenon. The increase in venous pressure causes structural and functional changes in the vein wall that leads to further venous dilation. Increase in vein wall tension augments the expression/activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which induces degradation of the extracellular matrix proteins and affect the structural integrity of the vein wall. Recent evidence also suggests an effect of MMPs on the endothelium and smooth muscle components of the vein wall and thereby causing changes in the venous constriction/relaxation properties. Endothelial cell injury also triggers leukocyte infiltration, activation and inflammation, which lead to further vein wall damage. Thus, vein wall dilation appears to precede valve dysfunction, and the MMP activation and superimposed inflammation and fibrosis would then lead to chronic and progressive venous insufficiency and varicose vein formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J D Raffetto
- Division of Vascular Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury
| | - R A Khalil
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Regieli JJ, Nathoe HM, Koerselman J, van der Graaf Y, Grobbee DE, Doevendans PA. Coronary collaterals—insights in molecular determinants and prognostic relevance. Int J Cardiol 2007; 116:139-43. [PMID: 16828902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2005] [Revised: 03/29/2006] [Accepted: 04/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the field of molecular cardiology, recently several determinants of coronary collateral circulation have been identified. Knowing these factors may aid risk-stratification and put forward targets for intervention by stimulating development of collateral blood vessels (arteriogenesis). However, prognostic importance of coronary collaterals is not yet beyond debate, and seems to be modified by the extent of atherosclerotic burden. Combining these insights is essential to increase our understanding of these mechanisms and to proceed with developing strategies for risk-stratification and therapeutic stimulation of arteriogenesis.
Collapse
|
39
|
Miller SJ, Norton LE, Murphy MP, Dalsing MC, Unthank JL. The role of the renin-angiotensin system and oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rat mesenteric collateral growth impairment. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007; 292:H2523-31. [PMID: 17277018 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01296.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent clinical and animal studies have shown that collateral artery growth is impaired in the presence of vascular risk factors, including hypertension. Available evidence suggests that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) promote collateral growth in both hypertensive humans and animals; however, the specific mechanisms are not established. This study evaluated the hypothesis that collateral growth impairment in hypertension is mediated by excess superoxide produced by NAD(P)H oxidase in response to stimulation of the ANG II type 1 receptor. After ileal artery ligation, mesenteric collateral growth did not occur in untreated, young, spontaneously hypertensive rats. Significant luminal expansion occurred in collaterals of spontaneously hypertensive rats treated with the superoxide dismutase mimetic tempol, the NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor apocynin, and the ACEI captopril, but not ANG II type 1 (losartan) or type 2 (PD-123319) receptor blockers. The ACEI enalapril produced equivalent reduction of arterial pressure as captopril but did not promote luminal expansion. This suggests the effects of captopril on collateral growth might result from its antioxidant properties. RT-PCR demonstrated that ANG II type 1 receptor and angiotensinogen expression was reduced in collaterals of untreated rats. This local suppression of the renin angiotensin system provides a potential explanation for the lack of effect of enalapril and losartan on collateral growth. The results demonstrate the capability of antioxidant therapies, including captopril, to reverse impaired collateral artery growth and the novel finding that components of the local renin angiotensin system are naturally suppressed in collaterals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Miller
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University Medical Center, 1001 West Tenth Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202-2879, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nestor AL, Cicila GT, Karol SE, Langenderfer KM, Hollopeter SL, Allison DC. Linkage analysis of neointimal hyperplasia and vascular wall transformation after balloon angioplasty. Physiol Genomics 2006; 25:286-93. [PMID: 16434542 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00135.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neointimal hyperplasia (NIH), a result of vascular injury, is due to the migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells through the media and internal elastic lamina leading to vascular occlusion. We used a rat model to find the genetic regions controlling NIH after endothelial denudation in two divergent inbred strains of rats. The Brown Norway (BN) and spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) strains have a 2.5-fold difference in injury-induced NIH. A population of 301 F2(SHR × BN) rats underwent a standard vascular injury followed by phenotyping 8 wk after injury to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) responsible for this strain difference. Interval mapping identified two %NIH QTL on rat chromosomes 3 and 6 [logarithm of odds (LOD) scores 2.5, 2.2] and QTL for other injured vascular wall changes on rat chromosomes 3, 4, and 15 (LOD scores 2.0–4.6). Also, QTL for control vessel media width (MW) and media area (MA) were found on chromosome 6 with LOD scores of 2.3 and 2.5, suggesting that linkage exists between these control vessel parameters and NIH production. These results represent the first genetic analysis for the identification of NIH QTL and QTL associated with the vascular injury response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Nestor
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Ohio, Toledo, Ohio 43614-5804, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|