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Perri G, Mathers JC, Martin-Ruiz C, Parker C, Walsh JS, Eastell R, Demircan K, Chillon TS, Schomburg L, Robinson L, Hill TR. Selenium status and its determinants in very old adults: insights from the Newcastle 85+ Study. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:901-910. [PMID: 37877251 PMCID: PMC10864996 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523002398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
There is a dearth of data on Se status in very old adults. The aims of this study were to assess Se status and its determinants in 85-year-olds living in the Northeast of England by measuring serum Se and selenoprotein P (SELENOP) concentrations and glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) activity. A secondary aim was to examine the interrelationships between each of the biomarkers. In total, 757 participants (463 women, 293 men) from the Newcastle 85+ Study were included. Biomarker concentrations were compared with selected cut-offs (serum Se: suboptimal 70 µg/l and deficient 45 µg/l; SELENOP: suboptimal 4·5 mg/l and deficient 2·6 mg/l). Determinants were assessed using linear regressions, and interrelationships were assessed using restricted cubic splines. Median (inter-quartile range) concentrations of serum Se, SELENOP and of GPx3 activity were 53·6 (23·6) µg/l, 2·9 (1·9) mg/l and 142·1 (50·7) U/l, respectively. Eighty-two percentage and 83 % of participants had suboptimal serum Se (< 70 µg/l) and SELENOP (< 4·5 mg/l), and 31 % and 40 % of participants had deficient serum Se (< 45 µg/l) and SELENOP (< 2·6 mg/l), respectively. Protein intake was a significant determinant of Se status. Additional determinants of serum Se were sex, waist:hip ratio, self-rated health and disease, while sex, BMI and physical activity were determinants of GPx3 activity. There was a linear association between serum Se and SELENOP, and nonlinear associations between serum Se and GPx3 activity and between SELENOP and GPx3 activity. These findings indicate that most participants had suboptimal Se status to saturate circulating SELENOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Perri
- Human Nutrition and Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, UK
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, UK
| | - John C. Mathers
- Human Nutrition and Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, UK
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, UK
| | - Carmen Martin-Ruiz
- BioScreening Core Facility, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE4 5PL, UK
| | - Craig Parker
- BioScreening Core Facility, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE4 5PL, UK
| | - Jennifer S. Walsh
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, UK
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, SheffieldS5 7AU, UK
| | - Richard Eastell
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, UK
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, SheffieldS5 7AU, UK
| | - Kamil Demircan
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin10115, Germany
| | - Thilo S. Chillon
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin10115, Germany
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin10115, Germany
| | - Louise Robinson
- Human Nutrition and Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, UK
| | - Tom R. Hill
- Human Nutrition and Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, UK
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, UK
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2
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Vresk L, Flanagan M, Daniel AI, Potani I, Bourdon C, Spiegel-Feld C, Thind MK, Farooqui A, Ling C, Miraglia E, Hu G, Wen B, Zlotkin S, James P, McGrath M, Bandsma RHJ. Micronutrient status in children aged 6-59 months with severe wasting and/or nutritional edema: implications for nutritional rehabilitation formulations. Nutr Rev 2024:nuad165. [PMID: 38350491 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Undernutrition remains a global struggle and is associated with almost 45% of deaths in children younger than 5 years. Despite advances in management of severe wasting (though less so for nutritional edema), full and sustained recovery remains elusive. Children with severe wasting and/or nutritional edema (also commonly referred to as severe acute malnutrition and part of the umbrella term "severe malnutrition") continue to have a high mortality rate. This suggests a likely multifactorial etiology that may include micronutrient deficiency. Micronutrients are currently provided in therapeutic foods at levels based on expert opinion, with few supportive studies of high quality having been conducted. This narrative review looks at the knowledge base on micronutrient deficiencies in children aged 6-59 months who have severe wasting and/or nutritional edema, in addition to highlighting areas where further research is warranted (See "Future Directions" section).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vresk
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Flanagan
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allison I Daniel
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabel Potani
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Celine Bourdon
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carolyn Spiegel-Feld
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mehakpreet K Thind
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amber Farooqui
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catriona Ling
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emiliano Miraglia
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guanlan Hu
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bijun Wen
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stanley Zlotkin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip James
- Emergency Nutrition Network, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert H J Bandsma
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Dobrzyńska M, Kaczmarek K, Przysławski J, Drzymała-Czyż S. Selenium in Infants and Preschool Children Nutrition: A Literature Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:4668. [PMID: 37960322 PMCID: PMC10648445 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se), an essential trace element, is fundamental to human health, playing an important role in the formation of thyroid hormones, DNA synthesis, the immune response, and fertility. There is a lack of comprehensive epidemiological research, particularly the serum Se concetration in healthy infants and preschool children compared to the estimated dietary Se intake. However, Se deficiencies and exceeding the UL have been observed in infants and preschool children. Despite the observed irregularities in Se intake, there is a lack of nutritional recommendations for infants and preschool children. Therefore, the main objective of this literature review was to summarize what is known to date about Se levels and the risk of deficiency related to regular consumption in infants and preschool children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sławomira Drzymała-Czyż
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Science, Rokietnicka 3 Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.D.); (K.K.); (J.P.)
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Michael H, Amimo JO, Rajashekara G, Saif LJ, Vlasova AN. Mechanisms of Kwashiorkor-Associated Immune Suppression: Insights From Human, Mouse, and Pig Studies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:826268. [PMID: 35585989 PMCID: PMC9108366 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.826268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition refers to inadequate energy and/or nutrient intake. Malnutrition exhibits a bidirectional relationship with infections whereby malnutrition increases risk of infections that further aggravates malnutrition. Severe malnutrition (SM) is the main cause of secondary immune deficiency and mortality among children in developing countries. SM can manifest as marasmus (non-edematous), observed most often (68.6% of all malnutrition cases), kwashiorkor (edematous), detected in 23.8% of cases, and marasmic kwashiorkor, identified in ~7.6% of SM cases. Marasmus and kwashiorkor occur due to calorie-energy and protein-calorie deficiency (PCD), respectively. Kwashiorkor and marasmic kwashiorkor present with reduced protein levels, protein catabolism rates, and altered levels of micronutrients leading to uncontrolled oxidative stress, exhaustion of anaerobic commensals, and proliferation of pathobionts. Due to these alterations, kwashiorkor children present with profoundly impaired immune function, compromised intestinal barrier, and secondary micronutrient deficiencies. Kwashiorkor-induced alterations contribute to growth stunting and reduced efficacy of oral vaccines. SM is treated with antibiotics and ready-to-use therapeutic foods with variable efficacy. Kwashiorkor has been extensively investigated in gnotobiotic (Gn) mice and piglet models to understand its multiple immediate and long-term effects on children health. Due to numerous physiological and immunological similarities between pigs and humans, pig represents a highly relevant model to study kwashiorkor pathophysiology and immunology. Here we summarize the impact of kwashiorkor on children's health, immunity, and gut functions and review the relevant findings from human and animal studies. We also discuss the reciprocal interactions between PCD and rotavirus-a highly prevalent enteric childhood pathogen due to which pathogenesis and immunity are affected by childhood SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husheem Michael
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Joshua O. Amimo
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gireesh Rajashekara
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Linda J. Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Anastasia N. Vlasova
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
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Wu CC, Wang CK, Yang AM, Lu CS, Lin CY. Selenium status is independently related to bone mineral density, FRAX score, and bone fracture history: NHANES, 2013 to 2014. Bone 2021; 143:115631. [PMID: 32920174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace mineral element for humans. Although previous in vitro and animal studies have reported the vital role of selenium in bone, the results of the relationship between the selenium status and bone health were inconsistent in epidemiological studies. The risk of selenium deficiency is negligible for U.S. general population, however, the relationship between selenium status and bone health has never been surveyed in a nationally representative sample. In this study, we analyzed the data of 2983 adults (aged ≥40 years) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2014 to investigate the association among three markers of the selenium status (measured from whole blood, serum, and dietary intake), total spine and femur bone mineral density (BMD), and FRAX scores, and history of bone fractures. We found a one-unit increase in the ln-whole-blood selenium level was correlated with an increase in the total femur BMD of 0.064 g/cm2 (S.E. = 0.025; P = 0.022) in all participants and 0.086 g/cm2 (S.E. = 0.031; P = 0.013) in menopausal women. Additionally, a one-unit increase in the ln-selenium intake amount was associated with an increase in the total femur BMD of 0.014 g/cm2 (S.E. = 0.007; P = 0.043) in all participants. We also found that the dietary and whole-blood selenium statuses were negatively associated with the FRAX score, while levels of all the three selenium biomarkers were negatively associated with a history of bone fractures. In conclusion, increased selenium status is correlated with an increased total femur BMD, decreased FRAX scores, and a reduced incidence of previous bone fractures in the U.S. representative survey of adults. Further study is warranted to clarify the causal inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Chin Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Kang Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Health, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - An-Ming Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Sheng Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Health, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan.
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Abstract
The global impact of childhood malnutrition is staggering. The synergism between malnutrition and infection contributes substantially to childhood morbidity and mortality. Anthropometric indicators of malnutrition are associated with the increased risk and severity of infections caused by many pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and helminths. Since childhood malnutrition commonly involves the inadequate intake of protein and calories, with superimposed micronutrient deficiencies, the causal factors involved in impaired host defense are usually not defined. This review focuses on literature related to impaired host defense and the risk of infection in primary childhood malnutrition. Particular attention is given to longitudinal and prospective cohort human studies and studies of experimental animal models that address causal, mechanistic relationships between malnutrition and host defense. Protein and micronutrient deficiencies impact the hematopoietic and lymphoid organs and compromise both innate and adaptive immune functions. Malnutrition-related changes in intestinal microbiota contribute to growth faltering and dysregulated inflammation and immune function. Although substantial progress has been made in understanding the malnutrition-infection synergism, critical gaps in our understanding remain. We highlight the need for mechanistic studies that can lead to targeted interventions to improve host defense and reduce the morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases in this vulnerable population.
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Dasgupta S, Aly AM. Dilated Cardiomyopathy Induced by Chronic Starvation and Selenium Deficiency. Case Rep Pediatr 2016; 2016:8305895. [PMID: 27994905 PMCID: PMC5138453 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8305895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) has been rarely documented as a cause of cardiovascular abnormalities, including dilated cardiomyopathy. Selenium is responsible for antioxidant defense mechanisms in cardiomyocytes, and its deficiency in the setting of PEM and disease related malnutrition (DRM) may lead to exacerbation of the dilated cardiomyopathy. We report a rare case of a fourteen-year-old boy who presented with symptoms of congestive heart failure due to DRM and PEM (secondary to chronic starvation) along with severe selenium deficiency. An initial echocardiogram showed severely depressed systolic function consistent with dilated cardiomyopathy. Aggressive nutritional support and replacement of selenium and congestive heart failure medications that included diuretics and ACE inhibitors with the addition of carvedilol led to normalization of the cardiac function within four weeks. He continues to have significant weight gain and is currently completely asymptomatic from a cardiovascular standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soham Dasgupta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Ashraf M. Aly
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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Lazo-Vélez MA, Chávez-Santoscoy A, Serna-Saldivar SO. Selenium-Enriched Breads and Their Benefits in Human Nutrition and Health as Affected by Agronomic, Milling, and Baking Factors. Cereal Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-05-14-0110-rw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. Lazo-Vélez
- Centro de Biotecnología–FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey–Campus Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Chávez-Santoscoy
- Centro de Biotecnología–FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey–Campus Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Sergio O. Serna-Saldivar
- Centro de Biotecnología–FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey–Campus Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
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González-Reimers E, Monedero-Prieto MJ, González-Pérez JM, Durán-Castellón MC, Galindo-Martín L, Abreu-González P, Sánchez-Pérez MJ, Santolaria-Fernández F. Relative and combined effects of selenium, protein deficiency and ethanol on hepatocyte ballooning and liver steatosis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 154:281-7. [PMID: 23821313 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9734-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative damage plays a key role in alcohol-mediated liver alterations. Selenium, a potent antioxidant, is decreased in alcoholics. This study was conducted to analyse if the supplementation with selenium may alter liver changes in a murine model fed ethanol and/or a 2 % protein-containing diet, following the Lieber-DeCarli design. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into eight groups which received the Lieber-DeCarli control diet; an isocaloric, 36 % ethanol-containing diet; an isocaloric, 2 % protein-containing diet; and an isocaloric diet containing 2 % protein and 36 % ethanol diet; and other similar four groups to which selenomethionine (1 mg/kg body weight) was added. After sacrifice (5 weeks later), liver fat amount and hepatocyte areas of pericentral and periportal cells were measured, and liver and serum selenium, activity of liver glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and liver malondialdehyde were determined. Ethanol-fed rats showed increased hepatocyte areas and fat accumulation especially when ethanol was added to a 2 % protein diet. Selenium caused a decrease in hepatocyte ballooning and liver fat amount, but an increase in GPX activity, and a marked increase in serum and liver selenium. The present study demonstrates that selenium, added to the diet of rats in the form of seleniomethionine, prevents the appearance of early signs of ethanol-mediated liver injury under the conditions of the Lieber-DeCarli experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- E González-Reimers
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
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González-Pérez JM, González-Reimers E, Durán-Castellón MDC, Santolaria-Fernández F, Galindo-Martín L, RosVilamajó R, de la Vega-Prieto MJ, Viña-Rodríguez J, Abreu-González P. Relative and combined effects of selenium, protein deficiency and ethanol on bone. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2011; 25:113-7. [PMID: 21376552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Some observations suggest that oxidative damage may affect both osteoblastic function and osteoclastic activity in alcohol-mediated bone alterations. Selenium, a potent antioxidant, is decreased in alcoholics. OBJECTIVE To analyse if the supplementation with selenium may alter bone changes observed in a murine model fed ethanol and/or a 2% protein-containing diet, following the Lieber-deCarli design. MATERIAL AND METHOD Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 8 groups, which received the Lieber-DeCarli control diet, an isocaloric, 36% ethanol-containing diet, an isocaloric, 2% protein-containing diet; and an isocaloric diet containing 2% protein and 36% ethanol diet, and another similar four groups to which selenomethionine (1mg/kg body weight). After sacrifice (5 weeks later), trabecular bone mass was histomorphometrically assessed, bone and serum selenium were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and serum osteocalcin, insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1), PTH and telopeptide, by radioimmunoanalysis. Liver glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity was also determined. RESULTS Ethanol-fed rats showed decreased TBM, IGF-1 and osteocalcin, especially when ethanol was added to a 2%-protein diet. Selenium did not modify at all bone parameters, despite a marked increase in serum selenium and a less pronounced one in bone selenium, and an increase in liver GPX. CONCLUSION Our results do not support the existence of a beneficial effect of selenium addition on bone changes observed in this murine model treated following the Lieber-deCarli experimental design.
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Fleige LE, Moore WR, Garlick PJ, Murphy SP, Turner EH, Dunn ML, Van Lengerich B, Orthoefer FT, Schaefer SE. Recommendations for optimization of fortified and blended food aid products from the United States. Nutr Rev 2010; 68:290-315. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00288.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Camargo MC, Burk RF, Bravo LE, Piazuelo MB, Hill KE, Fontham ET, Motley AK, Yepez MC, Mora Y, Schneider BG, Correa P. Plasma selenium measurements in subjects from areas with contrasting gastric cancer risks in Colombia. Arch Med Res 2008; 39:443-51. [PMID: 18375257 PMCID: PMC2394852 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2007.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2007] [Accepted: 12/10/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An inverse association between selenium status and incidence of different neoplasias including gastric cancer has been reported. This pilot study aimed to determine and compare selenium status in two Colombian populations with different gastric cancer risks: a high-risk area in the volcanic region of the Andes Mountains and a low-risk area on the Pacific coast. METHODS Eighty nine adult males were recruited in the outpatient clinics of two public hospitals (44 and 45 from high- and low-risk areas, respectively) and provided a blood sample. Seventy one (79.8%) participants underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Plasma selenium was assayed using a fluorometric method, selenoprotein-P by ELISA, and glutathione peroxidase activity by a spectrophometric method. Histological diagnosis and Helicobacter pylori infection were evaluated in gastric biopsy samples. Unpaired samples t-test and linear regression analyses were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS Although none of the subjects in either of the two geographic areas was selenium deficient, the level of plasma selenium was significantly lower in men from the high-risk area compared with those from the low-risk area. Levels of selenoprotein-P and glutathione peroxidase activity were similar between groups after adjustment for confounders. Selenium measurements were not associated with histopathological diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS The high incidence of gastric cancer in the Andean region of Colombia is unlikely to be explained by selenium deficiency. We cannot exclude, however, that suboptimal selenium levels may exist in the gastric mucosa of subjects in the high-risk area. Therefore, the benefit of selenium supplementation in gastric cancer prevention cannot be dismissed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Constanza Camargo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Raymond F. Burk
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Luis E. Bravo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Maria B. Piazuelo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kristina E. Hill
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Elizabeth T. Fontham
- School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Amy K. Motley
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Maria C. Yepez
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Nariño, Pasto, Colombia
| | - Yolanda Mora
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Nariño, Pasto, Colombia
| | - Barbara G. Schneider
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Pelayo Correa
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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Moncayo R, Kroiss A, Oberwinkler M, Karakolcu F, Starzinger M, Kapelari K, Talasz H, Moncayo H. The role of selenium, vitamin C, and zinc in benign thyroid diseases and of selenium in malignant thyroid diseases: Low selenium levels are found in subacute and silent thyroiditis and in papillary and follicular carcinoma. BMC Endocr Disord 2008; 8:2. [PMID: 18221503 PMCID: PMC2266752 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6823-8-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2007] [Accepted: 01/25/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid physiology is closely related to oxidative changes. The aim of this controlled study was to evaluate the levels of nutritional anti-oxidants such as vitamin C, zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se), and to investigate any association of them with parameters of thyroid function and pathology including benign and malignant thyroid diseases. METHODS This controlled evaluation of Se included a total of 1401 subjects (1186 adults and 215 children) distributed as follows: control group (n = 687), benign thyroid disease (85 children and 465 adults); malignant thyroid disease (2 children and 79 adults). Clinical evaluation of patients with benign thyroid disease included sonography, scintigraphy, as well as the determination of fT3, fT4, TSH, thyroid antibodies levels, Se, Zn, and vitamin C. Besides the routine oncological parameters (TG, TSH, fT4, ultrasound) Se was also determined in the cases of malignant disease. The local control groups for the evaluation of Se levels were taken from a general practice (WOMED) as well as from healthy active athletes. Blood samples were collected between 8:00 and 10:30 a.m. All patients lived in Innsbruck. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 14.0. The Ho stated that there should be no differences in the levels of antioxidants between controls and thyroid disease patients. RESULTS Among the thyroid disease patients neither vitamin C, nor Zn nor Se correlated with any of the following parameters: age, sex, BMI, body weight, thyroid scintigraphy, ultrasound pattern, thyroid function, or thyroid antibodies. The proportion of patients with benign thyroid diseases having analyte concentrations below external reference cut off levels were 8.7% of cases for vitamin C; 7.8% for Zn, and 20.3% for Se. Low Se levels in the control group were found in 12%. Se levels were significantly decreased in cases of sub-acute and silent thyroiditis (66.4 +/- 23.1 microg/l and 59.3 +/- 20.1 microg/l, respectively) as well as in follicular and papillary thyroid carcinoma. The mean Se level in the control group was 90.5 +/- 20.8 microg/l. CONCLUSION The H0 can be accepted for vitamin C and zinc levels whereas it has to be rejected for Se. Patients with benign or malignant thyroid diseases can present low Se levels as compared to controls. Low levels of vitamin C were found in all subgroups of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Moncayo
- WOMED, Karl-Kapferer-Strasse 5, Innsbruck, Austria
- Clinical Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander Kroiss
- Clinical Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manfred Oberwinkler
- Clinical Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fatih Karakolcu
- Clinical Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Starzinger
- Clinical Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Kapelari
- Clinical Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Heribert Talasz
- Biocenter, Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria
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Ozgen IT, Dagdemir A, Elli M, Saraymen R, Pinarli FG, Fisgin T, Albayrak D, Acar S. Hair selenium status in children with leukemia and lymphoma. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2007; 29:519-22. [PMID: 17762491 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0b013e3180f61b3a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a trace element contributing to the structure of antioxidant system that saves cells from reactive oxygen species. Low serum Se levels have been reported in pediatric and adult patients with cancers. On the other hand, hair Se levels, predicting the long-term body Se status, have been reported in only adult patients with cancer. The aim of the study was to investigate the hair Se status in children with newly diagnosed lymphoid malignancies and the relation between malnutrition and Se deficiency. Thirty patients with leukemia (n=17) and lymphoma (n=13), and 25 healthy controls were enrolled to the study. Se was determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometrical method. Hair Se levels of the patients were significantly lower than those of control group [666.96+/-341.46 ng/g vs. 1019.22+/-371.83 ng/g (P<0.001)]. Children with lymphoma had lower Se than the children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia but not statistically significant [547.03+/-283.67 ng/g vs. 758.67+/-361.05 ng/g (P>0.05)]. Malnourished patients (11/30) had lower hair Se levels (483.51+/-235.55 ng/g) than those of the controls (P=0.036), whereas the Se levels of the patients who had no malnutrition (773.17+/-352.92 ng/g) were also lower than those of the controls but not statistically significant (P=0.053). There was no correlation between age, sex, and the hair Se levels. In this study, we found that hair Se levels of the children with leukemia and lymphoma, especially those of malnourished patients, were lower than those of controls. Additional studies are needed to determinate whether low levels of hair Se may play a role in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilker Tolga Ozgen
- Divisionsof Pediatric Oncology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Medical Faculty, Samsun, Turkey.
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