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Belviso S, Abadie C, Montagne D, Hadjar D, Tropée D, Vialettes L, Kazan V, Delmotte M, Maignan F, Remaud M, Ramonet M, Lopez M, Yver-Kwok C, Ciais P. Carbonyl sulfide (COS) emissions in two agroecosystems in central France. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278584. [PMID: 36472994 PMCID: PMC9725148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonyl sulfide (COS) fluxes simulated by vegetation and soil component models, both implemented in the ORCHIDEE land surface model, were evaluated against field observations at two agroecosystems in central France. The dynamics of a biogenic process not yet accounted for by this model, i.e., COS emissions from croplands, was examined in the context of three independent and complementary approaches. First, during the growing seasons of 2019 and 2020, monthly variations in the nighttime ratio of vertical mole fraction gradients of COS and carbon dioxide measured between 5 and 180 m height (GradCOS/GradCO2), a proxy of the ratio of their respective nocturnal net fluxes, were monitored at a rural tall tower site near Orléans (i.e., a "profile vs. model" approach). Second, field observations of COS nocturnal fluxes, obtained by the Radon Tracer Method (RTM) at a sub-urban site near Paris, were used for that same purpose (i.e., a "RTM vs. model" approach of unaccounted biogenic emissions). This site has observations going back to 2014. Third, during the growing seasons of 2019, 2020 and 2021, horizontal mole fraction gradients of COS were calculated from downwind-upwind surveys of wheat and rapeseed crops as a proxy of their respective exchange rates at the plot scale (i.e., a "crop based" comparative approach). The "profile vs. model" approach suggests that the nocturnal net COS uptake gradually weakens during the peak growing season and recovers from August on. The "RTM vs. model" approach suggests that there exists a biogenic source of COS, the intensity of which culminates in late June early July. Our "crop based" comparative approach demonstrates that rapeseed crops shift from COS uptake to emission in early summer during the late stages of growth (ripening and senescence) while wheat crops uptake capacities lower markedly. Hence, rapeseed appears to be a much larger source of COS than wheat at the plot scale. Nevertheless, compared to current estimates of the largest COS sources (i.e., marine and anthropogenic emissions), agricultural emissions during the late stages of growth are of secondary importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sauveur Belviso
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Camille Abadie
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David Montagne
- UMR ECOSYS, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Dalila Hadjar
- UMR ECOSYS, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Didier Tropée
- UMR GQE, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE-CNRS, AgroParisTech, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Laurence Vialettes
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Victor Kazan
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marc Delmotte
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Fabienne Maignan
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marine Remaud
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Michel Ramonet
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Morgan Lopez
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Camille Yver-Kwok
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Belviso S, Lebegue B, Ramonet M, Kazan V, Pison I, Berchet A, Delmotte M, Yver-Kwok C, Montagne D, Ciais P. A top-down approach of sources and non-photosynthetic sinks of carbonyl sulfide from atmospheric measurements over multiple years in the Paris region (France). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228419. [PMID: 32040521 PMCID: PMC7010246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonyl sulfide (COS) has been proposed as a proxy for carbon dioxide (CO2) taken up by plants at the leaf and ecosystem scales. However, several additional production and removal processes have been identified which could complicate its use at larger scales, among which are soil uptake, dark uptake by plants, and soil and anthropogenic emissions. This study evaluates the significance of these processes at the regional scale through a top-down approach based on atmospheric COS measurements at Gif-sur-Yvette (GIF), a suburban site near Paris (France). Over a period of four and a half years, hourly measurements at 7 m above ground level were performed by gas chromatography and combined with 222Radon measurements to calculate nocturnal COS fluxes using the Radon-Tracer Method. In addition, the vertical distribution of COS was investigated at a second site, 2 km away from GIF, where a fast gas analyzer deployed on a 100 m tower for several months during winter 2015-2016 recorded mixing ratios at 3 heights (15, 60 and 100 m). COS appears to be homogeneously distributed both horizontally and vertically in the sampling area. The main finding is that the area is a persistent COS sink even during wintertime episodes of strong pollution. Nighttime net uptake rates ranged from -1.5 to -32.8 pmol m-2 s-1, with an average of -7.3 ± 4.5 pmol m-2 s-1 (n = 253). However, episodes of biogenic emissions happened each year in June-July (11.9 ± 6.2 pmol m-2 s-1, n = 24). Preliminary analyses of simulated footprints of source areas influencing the recorded COS data suggest that long-range transport of COS from anthropogenic sources located in Benelux, Eastern France and Germany occasionally impacts the Paris area during wintertime. These production and removal processes may limit the use of COS to assess regional-scale CO2 uptake in Europe by plants through inverse modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sauveur Belviso
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ- Université, Paris-Saclay, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Benjamin Lebegue
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ- Université, Paris-Saclay, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Michel Ramonet
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ- Université, Paris-Saclay, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Victor Kazan
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ- Université, Paris-Saclay, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Isabelle Pison
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ- Université, Paris-Saclay, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Antoine Berchet
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ- Université, Paris-Saclay, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marc Delmotte
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ- Université, Paris-Saclay, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Camille Yver-Kwok
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ- Université, Paris-Saclay, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David Montagne
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ- Université, Paris-Saclay, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Lamb KJ, Dowsett MR, Chatzipanagis K, Scullion ZW, Kröger R, Lee JD, Aguiar PM, North M, Parkin A. Capacitance-Assisted Sustainable Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Mineralisation. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:137-148. [PMID: 29171724 PMCID: PMC5814831 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201702087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical cell comprising a novel dual-component graphite and Earth-crust abundant metal anode, a hydrogen producing cathode and an aqueous sodium chloride electrolyte was constructed and used for carbon dioxide mineralisation. Under an atmosphere of 5 % carbon dioxide in nitrogen, the cell exhibited both capacitive and oxidative electrochemistry at the anode. The graphite acted as a supercapacitive reagent concentrator, pumping carbon dioxide into aqueous solution as hydrogen carbonate. Simultaneous oxidation of the anodic metal generated cations, which reacted with the hydrogen carbonate to give mineralised carbon dioxide. Whilst conventional electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction requires hydrogen, this cell generates hydrogen at the cathode. Carbon capture can be achieved in a highly sustainable manner using scrap metal within the anode, seawater as the electrolyte, an industrially relevant gas stream and a solar panel as an effective zero-carbon energy source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J. Lamb
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | | | | | | | - Roland Kröger
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of YorkYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | - James D. Lee
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | | | - Michael North
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | - Alison Parkin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkYO10 5DDUK
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Bousquet P, Yver C, Pison I, Li YS, Fortems A, Hauglustaine D, Szopa S, Rayner PJ, Novelli P, Langenfelds R, Steele P, Ramonet M, Schmidt M, Foster P, Morfopoulos C, Ciais P. A three-dimensional synthesis inversion of the molecular hydrogen cycle: Sources and sinks budget and implications for the soil uptake. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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