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Sephton MA, Freeman K, Hays L, Thiessen F, Benison K, Carrier B, Dworkin JP, Glamoclija M, Gough R, Onofri S, Peterson R, Quinn R, Russell S, Stüeken EE, Velbel M, Zolotov M. Thresholds of Temperature and Time for Mars Sample Return: Final Report of the Mars Sample Return Temperature-Time Tiger Team. ASTROBIOLOGY 2024; 24:443-488. [PMID: 38768433 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2023.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Sephton
- Imperial College London, Earth Science and Engineering, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Kate Freeman
- The Pennsylvania State University, Geosciences, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lindsay Hays
- NASA Headquarters, Mars Sample Return Program, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Fiona Thiessen
- European Space Research and Technology Centre, Noordwijk, South Holland, Netherlands
| | - Kathleen Benison
- West Virginia University, Department of Geology and Geography, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Brandi Carrier
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Jason P Dworkin
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Astrochemistry, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Mihaela Glamoclija
- Rutgers University Newark College of Arts and Sciences, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Raina Gough
- University of Colorado, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Silvano Onofri
- University of Tuscia, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Largo dell'Università snc Viterbo, Italy
| | | | - Richard Quinn
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
| | - Sara Russell
- Natural History Museum, Department of Earth Sciences, London, UK
| | - Eva E Stüeken
- University of St Andrews, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, St Andrews, Fife, UK
| | - Michael Velbel
- Michigan State University, Earth and Environmental Sciences, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Smithsonian Institution, Department of Mineral Sciences, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mikhail Zolotov
- Arizona State University, School of Earth and Space Exploration, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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Thermal Properties of Illite-Zeolite Mixtures up to 1100 °C. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15093029. [PMID: 35591365 PMCID: PMC9099582 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Illitic clays are the commonly used material in building ceramics. Zeolites are microporous, hydrated crystalline aluminosilicates, they are widely used due to their structure and absorption properties. In this study, illitic clay (Füzérradvány, Hungary) was mixed with natural zeolite (Nižný Hrabovec, Slovakia) with up to 50 wt.% of zeolite content. The samples were submitted to thermal analyses, such as differential thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, and dilatometry. In addition, the evolution of thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity, and specific heat capacity in the heating stage of firing were measured and discussed. The amount of the physically bound water in the samples increased along with the amount of zeolite. The temperature of the illite dehydroxylation (peak temperature) was slightly shifted to lower temperatures, from 609 °C to 575 °C (for sample IZ50). On the other hand, the mass loss and the shrinkage of the samples significantly increased with the zeolite content in the samples. Sample IZ50 reached 10.8% shrinkage, while the sample prepared only from the illitic clay contracted by 5.8%. Nevertheless, the temperature of the beginning of the sintering (taken from the dilatometric curves) decreased from 1021 °C (for illitic clay) to 1005 °C (for IZ50). The thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity values decreased as the amount of zeolite increased in the samples, thus showing promising thermal insulating properties.
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3
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Mineralogical and Physico-Chemical Characterization of the Oraşu-Nou (Romania) Bentonite Resources. MINERALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/min11090938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to describe the mineralogical composition and chemical properties of the Oraşu Nou bentonite, from northwestern Romania. For mineralogical determinations, the following were used: X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FR-IR), thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The chemical compositions and physical properties of the bentonites and bentonitized rocks were also determined. Calcium type montmorillonite is the predominant mineral in this deposit. Its average mass fraction is between 35% and 75%, reaching up to 95%. A small amount of halloysite and very fine cristobalite were also identified in the fine fraction. Quartz, feldspar, and kaolinite were identified as impurities. The average pH of natural bentonite is 6.2. Its cation exchange capacity (CEC) is in the lower-middle range for smectites at 45.89 cmol/kg, absorption capacity 43.58 mL/g, swelling degree 9.41%. Because of the high amounts and purity of montmorillonite, the valuable component mineral, the way is open to an easy refinement of this important resource. This way very high-quality colloidal suspensions can be obtained which can be used in the most modern applications of micro- and nanostructured materials.
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A Review of the Phyllosilicates in Gale Crater as Detected by the CheMin Instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory, Curiosity Rover. MINERALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/min11080847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Curiosity, the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover, landed on Mars in August 2012 to investigate the ~3.5-billion-year-old (Ga) fluvio-lacustrine sedimentary deposits of Aeolis Mons (informally known as Mount Sharp) and the surrounding plains (Aeolis Palus) in Gale crater. After nearly nine years, Curiosity has traversed over 25 km, and the Chemistry and Mineralogy (CheMin) X-ray diffraction instrument on-board Curiosity has analyzed 30 drilled rock and three scooped soil samples to date. The principal strategic goal of the mission is to assess the habitability of Mars in its ancient past. Phyllosilicates are common in ancient Martian terrains dating to ~3.5–4 Ga and were detected from orbit in some of the lower strata of Mount Sharp. Phyllosilicates on Earth are important for harboring and preserving organics. On Mars, phyllosilicates are significant for exploration as they are hypothesized to be a marker for potential habitable environments. CheMin data demonstrate that ancient fluvio-lacustrine rocks in Gale crater contain up to ~35 wt. % phyllosilicates. Phyllosilicates are key indicators of past fluid–rock interactions, and variation in the structure and composition of phyllosilicates in Gale crater suggest changes in past aqueous environments that may have been habitable to microbial life with a variety of possible energy sources.
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5
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Potapov A, McCoustra M. Physics and chemistry on the surface of cosmic dust grains: a laboratory view. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2021.1918498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Potapov
- Laboratory Astrophysics Group of the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy at the Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin McCoustra
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
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6
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Hwang J, Pini R. Enhanced Sorption of Supercritical CO 2 and CH 4 in the Hydrated Interlayer Pores of Smectite. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:3778-3788. [PMID: 33734708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the long-term confinement of supercritical fluids in the clay pores of subsurface rocks is important for many geo-energy technologies, including geological CO2 storage. However, the adsorption properties of hydrated clay minerals remain largely uncertain because competitive adsorption experiments of supercritical fluids in the presence of water are difficult. Here, we report on the sorption properties of four source clay minerals-Ca-rich montmorillonite (STx-1b), Na-rich montmorillonite (SWy-2), illite-smectite mixed layer (ISCz-1), and illite (IMt-2)-for water at 20 °C up to relative humidity of 0.9. The measurements unveil the unsuitability of physisorption analysis by N2 (at 77 K) and Ar (at 87 K) gases to quantify the textural properties of clays because of their inability to probe the interlayers. We further measure the sorption of CO2 and CH4 on swelling STx-1b and nonswelling IMt-2, both in the absence (dehydrated at 200 °C) and the presence of sub-1W preadsorbed water (following dehydration) up to 170 bar at 50 °C. We observe enhanced sorption of CO2 and CH4 in STx-1b (50 and 65% increase at 30 bar relative to dry STx-1b, respectively), while their adsorption on IMt-2 remains unchanged, indicating the absence of competition with water. By describing the supercritical adsorption isotherms on hydrated STx-1b with the lattice density functional theory model, we estimate that the pore volume has expanded by approximately 6% through the formation of sub-nanometer pore space. By presenting a systematic approach of quantifying the smectite clay mineral's hydrated state, this study provides an explanation for the conflicting literature observations of gas uptake capacities in the presence of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyoung Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Ronny Pini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
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7
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Velbel MA, Zolensky ME. Thermal metamorphism of CM chondrites: A dehydroxylation-based peak-temperature thermometer and implications for sample return from asteroids Ryugu and Bennu. METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE 2021; 56:546-585. [PMID: 34262245 PMCID: PMC8252763 DOI: 10.1111/maps.13636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The target bodies of C-complex asteroid sample return missions are carbonaceous chondrite-like near-Earth asteroids (NEAs), chosen for the abundance and scientific importance of their organic compounds and "hydrous" (including hydroxylated) minerals, such as serpentine-group phyllosilicates. Science objectives include returning samples of pristine carbonaceous regolith from asteroids for study of the nature, history, and distribution of its constituent minerals, organic material, and other volatiles. Heating after the natural aqueous alteration that formed the abundant phyllosilicates in CM and similar carbonaceous chondrites dehydroxylated them and altered or decomposed other volumetrically minor constituents (e.g., carbonates, sulfides, organic molecules; Tonui et al. 2003, 2014). We propose a peak-temperature thermometer based on dehydroxylation as measured by analytical totals from electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) of matrices in a number of heated and aqueously altered (but not further heated) CM chondrites. Some CM lithologies in Maribo and Sutter's Mill do not exhibit the matrix dehydroxylation expected for surface temperatures expected from insolation of meteoroids with their known orbital perihelia. This suggests that insolated-heated meteoroid surfaces were lost by ablation during passage through Earth's atmosphere, and that insolation-heated material is more likely to be encountered among returned asteroid regolith samples than in meteorites. More generally, several published lines of evidence suggest that episodic heating of some CM material, most likely by impacts, continued intermittently and locally up to billions of years after assembly and early heating of ancestral CM chondrite bodies. Mission spectroscopic measures of hydration can be used to estimate the extent of dehydroxylation, and the new dehydroxylation thermometer can be used directly to select fragments of returned samples most likely to contain less thermally altered inventories of primitive organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Velbel
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesMichigan State University288 Farm Lane, Room 207, Natural Sciences BuildingEast LansingMichigan48824–1115USA
- Division of MeteoritesDepartment of Mineral SciencesNational Museum of Natural HistorySmithsonian InstitutionWashingtonDistrict of Columbia20013–7012USA
| | - Michael E. Zolensky
- X12 Astromaterials Research and Exploration ScienceNASA Johnson Space CenterHoustonTexas77058USA
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8
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Abstract
In this study, the thermophysical properties such as the thermal expansion, thermal diffusivity and conductivity, and specific heat capacity of ceramic samples made from kaolin and natural zeolite are investigated up to 1100 °C. The samples were prepared from Sedlec kaolin (Czech Republic) and natural zeolite (Nižný Hrabovec, Slovakia). Kaolin was partially replaced with a natural zeolite in the amounts of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mass%. The measurements were performed on cylindrical samples using thermogravimetric analysis, a horizontal pushrod dilatometer, and laser flash apparatus. The results show that zeolite in the samples decreases the values of all studied properties (except thermal expansion), which is positive for bulk density, porosity, thermal diffusivity, and conductivity. It has a negative effect for thermal expansion because shrinkage increases with the zeolite content. Therefore, the optimal amount of zeolite in the sample (according to the studied properties) is 30 mass%.
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9
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Silva GM, Silva KM, Silva CP, Gonçalves JM, Quina FH. Hybrid Pigments from Anthocyanin Analogues and Synthetic Clay Minerals. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:26592-26600. [PMID: 33110987 PMCID: PMC7581255 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Flavylium cations are synthetic analogues of anthocyanins, the natural plant pigments that are responsible for the majority of the red, blue, and purple colors of flowers, fruits, and leaves. Unlike anthocyanins, the properties and reactivity of flavylium cations can be manipulated by the nature and position of substituents on the flavylium cation chromophore. Currently, the most promising strategies for stabilizing the color of anthocyanins and flavylium cations appear to be to intercalate and/or adsorb them on solid surfaces and/or in confined spaces. We report here that hybrid pigments with improved thermal stability, fluorescence, and attractive colors are produced by the cation-exchange-mediated adsorption of flavylium cations (FL) on two synthetic clays, the mica-montmorillonite SYn-1, and the laponite SYnL-1. Compared to the FL/SYn-1 hybrid pigments, the FL/SYnL-1 pigments exhibited improved thermal stability as judged by color retention, better preferential adsorption of the cationic form of FL1 at neutral to mildly basic pH (pH 7-8), and lower susceptibility to color changes at pH 10. Although both clays adsorb the cationic form on their external surfaces, SYnL-1 gave more evidence of adsorption in the interlayer regions of the clay. This interlayer adsorption appears to be the contributing factor to the better properties of the FL/SYnL-1 hybrid pigments, pointing to this clay to be a promising inorganic matrix for the development of brightly colored, thermally more stable hybrid pigments based on cationic analogues of natural plant pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo
Thalmer M. Silva
- Instituto
de Química, Universidade de
São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes 748, Cidade
Universitária, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Karen Magno Silva
- Instituto
de Química, Universidade de
São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes 748, Cidade
Universitária, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Instituto
Federal de Educação, Ciência
e Tecnologia de São Paulo, Campus São Paulo, 01109-010 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cassio P. Silva
- Instituto
de Química, Universidade de
São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes 748, Cidade
Universitária, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Josué M. Gonçalves
- Instituto
de Química, Universidade de
São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes 748, Cidade
Universitária, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Frank H. Quina
- Instituto
de Química, Universidade de
São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes 748, Cidade
Universitária, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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10
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Rosina P, Collado H, Garcês S, Gomes H, Eftekhari N, Nicoli M, Vaccaro C. Benquerencia (La Serena - Spain) rock art: An integrated spectroscopy analysis with FTIR and Raman. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02561. [PMID: 31667402 PMCID: PMC6812190 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
La Serena region is a large plateau with open landscapes bounded in the south by a mountain chain formed by the Benquerencia, Tiros and La Rinconada Sierras. There are more than 300 painted and engraved sites in the region. Cueva Grande, Cueva de En medio and Cueva Pequeña are three Schematic rock art shelters located in the municipality of Benquerencia de la Serena, Badajoz, Spain. Over their panels have been documented more than a hundred of painted schematic figures (anthropomorphic figures, eye-shape figures and symbols) (Neolithic - Copper Age). Paintings are monochromatic with red or black coloration. A total of 13 samples (10 red and 3 black samples) from different panels were collected and analyzed using micro-Raman spectroscopy and ATR-FTIR. Micro-Raman spectroscopy was able to characterize the main mineral component, respectively hematite for the red figures and charcoal for the black paintings. ATR-FTIR was useful to possible ochre and possible organic identification. These latest results are particularly important for understanding manufacturing processes and addressing conservation problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rosina
- Geosciences Center (UID_73) Polytechnic Institute of Tomar, Portugal
| | - H Collado
- ACINEP, Spain.,Geosciences Center (UID_73), Portugal
| | - S Garcês
- Geosciences Center (UID_73), Portugal
| | - H Gomes
- Geosciences Center (UID_73), Portugal
| | - N Eftekhari
- University of Ferrara, Department of Physics and Earth Science, Italy
| | - M Nicoli
- University of Ferrara, Department of Humanities, Italy
| | - C Vaccaro
- University of Ferrara, Department of Physics and Earth Science, Italy
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11
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Goodrich CA, Zolensky ME, Fioretti AM, Shaddad MH, Downes H, Hiroi T, Kohl I, Young ED, Kita NT, Hamilton VE, Riebe MEI, Busemann H, Macke RJ, Fries M, Ross DK, Jenniskens P. The First Samples from Almahata Sitta Showing Contacts Between Ureilitic and Chondritic Lithologies: Implications for the Structure and Composition of Asteroid 2008 TC 3. METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE 2019; 54:2769-2813. [PMID: 33716489 PMCID: PMC7954227 DOI: 10.1111/maps.13390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Almahata Sitta (AhS), an anomalous polymict ureilite, is the first meteorite observed to originate from a spectrally classified asteroid (2008 TC3). However, correlating properties of the meteorite with those of the asteroid is not straightforward because the AhS stones are diverse types. Of those studied prior to this work, 70-80% are ureilites (achondrites) and 20-30% are various types of chondrites. Asteroid 2008 TC3 was a heterogeneous breccia that disintegrated in the atmosphere, with its clasts landing on Earth as individual stones and most of its mass lost. We describe AhS 91A and AhS 671, which are the first AhS stones to show contacts between ureilitic and chondritic materials and provide direct information about the structure and composition of asteroid 2008 TC3. AhS 91A and AhS 671 are friable breccias, consisting of a C1 lithology that encloses rounded to angular clasts (<10 μm to 3 mm) of olivine, pyroxenes, plagioclase, graphite, and metal-sulfide, as well as chondrules (~130-600 μm) and chondrule fragments. The C1 material consists of fine-grained phyllosilicates (serpentine and saponite) and amorphous material, magnetite, breunnerite, dolomite, fayalitic olivine (Fo 28-42), an unidentified Ca-rich silicate phase, Fe,Ni sulfides, and minor Ca-phosphate and ilmenite. It has similarities to CI1 but shows evidence of heterogeneous thermal metamorphism. Its bulk oxygen isotope composition (δ18O = 13.53‰, δ17O = 8.93‰) is unlike that of any known chondrite, but similar to compositions of several CC-like clasts in typical polymict ureilites. Its Cr isotope composition is unlike that of any known meteorite. The enclosed clasts and chondrules do not belong to the C1 lithology. The olivine (Fo 75-88), pyroxenes (pigeonite of Wo ~10 and orthopyroxene of Wo ~4.6), plagioclase, graphite, and some metal-sulfide are ureilitic, based on mineral compositions, textures, and oxygen isotope compositions, and represent at least six distinct ureilitic lithologies. The chondrules are probably derived from type 3 OC and/or CC, based on mineral and oxygen isotope compositions. Some of the metal-sulfide clasts are derived from EC. AhS 91A and AhS 671 are plausible representatives of the bulk of the asteroid that was lost. Reflectance spectra of AhS 91A are dark (reflectance ~0.04-0.05) and relatively featureless in VNIR, and have an ~2.7 μm absorption band due to OH- in phyllosilicates. Spectral modeling, using mixtures of laboratory VNIR reflectance spectra of AhS stones to fit the F-type spectrum of the asteroid, suggests that 2008 TC3 consisted mainly of ureilitic and AhS 91A-like materials, with as much as 40-70% of the latter, and <10% of OC, EC and other meteorite types. The bulk density of AhS 91A (2.35 ± 0.05 g/cm3) is lower than bulk densities of other AhS stones, and closer to estimates for the asteroid (~1.7-2.2 g/cm3). Its porosity (36%) is near the low end of estimates for the asteroid (33-50%), suggesting significant macroporosity. The textures of AhS 91A and AhS 671 (finely comminuted clasts of disparate materials intimately mixed) support formation of 2008 TC3 in a regolith environment. AhS 91A and AhS 671 could represent a volume of regolith formed when a CC-like body impacted into already well-gardened ureilitic + impactor-derived debris. AhS 91A bulk samples do not show a solar wind (SW) component, so they represent sub-surface layers. AhS 91A has a lower cosmic ray exposure (CRE) age (~5-9 Ma) than previously studied AhS stones (11-22 Ma). The spread in CRE ages argues for irradiation in a regolith environment. AhS 91A and AhS 671 show that ureilitic asteroids could have detectable ~2.7 μm absorption bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrena Anne Goodrich
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, Universities Space Research Association, 3600 Bay Area Blvd, Houston, TX 77058 USA
| | - Michael E Zolensky
- Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA-Johnson Space Center Houston, TX 77058 USA
| | | | - Muawia H Shaddad
- Physics Department, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11115 Sudan
| | - Hilary Downes
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, Bloomsbury, London WC1E 7HX UK
| | - Takahiro Hiroi
- Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Issaku Kohl
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, 595 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Edward D Young
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, 595 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Noriko T Kita
- Wisc-SIMS Laboratory, Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1215 West Dayton Street, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Victoria E Hamilton
- Department of Space Studies, Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut St., Suite 300, Boulder Colorado 80302 USA
| | - My E I Riebe
- Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution for Science, 5241 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA
- Institute for Geochemistry and Petrology, ETH Zürich, Clausiusstrasse 25, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Henner Busemann
- Institute for Geochemistry and Petrology, ETH Zürich, Clausiusstrasse 25, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - M Fries
- Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA-Johnson Space Center Houston, TX 77058 USA
| | - D Kent Ross
- Jacobs-JETS, University of Texas at El Paso, at NASA-JSC, Houston, TX 77058 USA
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Pazourková L, Reli M, Hundáková M, Pazdziora E, Predoi D, Simha Martynková G, Lafdi K. Study of the Structure and Antimicrobial Activity of Ca-Deficient Ceramics on Chlorhexidine Nanoclay Substrate. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2996. [PMID: 31527429 PMCID: PMC6766299 DOI: 10.3390/ma12182996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Novel biomedical composites, based on organically modified vermiculite and montmorillonite with deposited Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDH), were prepared. The monoionic sodium forms of vermiculite and montmorillonite were intercalated with chlorhexidine diacetate (CA). The surfaces of organoclays were used for the precipitation of Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite. The composites with Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite showed very good antibacterial effects, similar to the antimicrobial activity of pure organoclay samples. Better antibacterial activity was shown in the organically modified montmorillonite sample with Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite compared with the vermiculite composite, but, in the case of Staphylococcus aureus, both composites showed the same minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value. The antimicrobial effect of composites against bacteria and fungi increased with the time of exposure. The structural characterization of all the prepared materials, performed using X-ray diffraction and FT infrared spectroscopy analysis, detected no changes in the original clay or CDH during the intercalation or precipitation process, therefore we expect the strength of the compounds to be in the original power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Pazourková
- IT4Innovations Centre of Excellence, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17.listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
| | - Magda Reli
- Nanotechnology Centre, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17.listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
| | - Marianna Hundáková
- Nanotechnology Centre, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17.listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
- Regional Materials Science and Technology Centre, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17.listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
| | - Erich Pazdziora
- Institute of Public Health Ostrava, Centre of Clinical Laboratories, Partyzánské náměstí 7, 702 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniela Predoi
- National Institute of Materials Physics, P.O. Box MG 07, 077125 Magurele, Romania.
| | - Gražyna Simha Martynková
- IT4Innovations Centre of Excellence, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17.listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
- Nanotechnology Centre, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17.listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
| | - Khalid Lafdi
- University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH 45469, USA.
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Tekin N, Şafaklı A, Budak F, Kara A. Preparation, characterization, and antibacterial activity of organo-sepiolite/chitosan/silver bionanocomposites. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2019.1578620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nalan Tekin
- Department of Chemistry, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Akif Şafaklı
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Budak
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ali Kara
- Department of Chemistry, Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
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14
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Deng C, Wen J, Li Z, Luo N, Huang M, Yang R. Passivating effect of dehydrated sludge and sepiolite on arsenic contaminated soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 164:270-276. [PMID: 30121502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Exploring an efficient and economical method to remove arsenic from soil is of great practical significance but there were few studies on the combined use of sepiolite and dehydrated sludge as a repair agent to passivate heavy metals. Through soil passivation experiments, arsenic sequential extractions, and analysis of basic physicochemical properties of contaminated soils and repair agents, this study was to explore the applicability of dehydrated sludge-sepiolite compound repair agents and dehydrated sludge individual repair agents to passivate soil arsenic and its passivating effect. After passivation experiment, the best remediation period was 1-10 days. The best cultivated time was 10 day using DS2 repair agent. With a comparison of passivation effect of different repair agents, it was found that the best treatment group in individual repair agents was DS2 (10 days), and the best treatment group in compound repair agents was S1 (1 day). The passivation effect of individual repair agents was better than compound repair agents in 10-days cultivation. In the short term, the repair effect was increasing and then decreasing, thus this experiment was only suitable for use as a short-term repair method. The application of dehydrated sludge combined with sepiolite as repair agents provided a new way for both making full use of dehydrated sludge and controlling metal mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuxiong Deng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Jiajun Wen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Ninglin Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Mei Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Ren Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
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15
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Pisapia C, Jamme F, Duponchel L, Ménez B. Tracking hidden organic carbon in rocks using chemometrics and hyperspectral imaging. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2396. [PMID: 29402966 PMCID: PMC5799262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20890-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Finding traces of life or organic components of prebiotic interest in the rock record is an appealing goal for numerous fields in Earth and space sciences. However, this is often hampered by the scarceness and highly heterogeneous distribution of organic compounds within rocks. We assess here an innovative analytical strategy combining Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-Transform Infrared microspectroscopy (S-FTIR) and multivariate analysis techniques to track and characterize organic compounds at the pore level in complex oceanic rocks. S-FTIR hyperspectral images are analysed individually or as multiple image combinations (multiset analysis) using Principal Component Analyses (PCA) and Multivariate Curve Resolution – Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS). This approach allows extracting simultaneously pure organic and mineral spectral signatures and determining their spatial distributions and relationships. MCR-ALS analysis provides resolved S-FTIR signatures of 8 pure mineral and organic components showing the close association at a micrometric scale of organic compounds and secondary clays formed during rock alteration and known to catalyse organic synthesis. These results highlights the potential of the serpentinizing oceanic lithosphere to generate and preserve organic compounds of abiotic origin, in favour of the hydrothermal theory for the origin of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Pisapia
- IPGP, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, 1 rue Jussieu, 75238, Paris Cedex 5, France. .,Synchrotron SOLEIL, Campus Paris-Saclay, 91192, Gif sur Yvette, France.
| | - Frédéric Jamme
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Campus Paris-Saclay, 91192, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Ludovic Duponchel
- LASIR CNRS UMR 8516, Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Bénédicte Ménez
- IPGP, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, 1 rue Jussieu, 75238, Paris Cedex 5, France
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16
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Repeated thermal shock processes for fragmenting zeolite particles and the possible existence of a critical size. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Udvardi B, Kovács IJ, Fancsik T, Kónya P, Bátori M, Stercel F, Falus G, Szalai Z. Effects of Particle Size on the Attenuated Total Reflection Spectrum of Minerals. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 71:1157-1168. [PMID: 27671141 DOI: 10.1177/0003702816670914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on particle size effect on monomineralic powders recorded using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy. Six particle size fractions of quartz, feldspar, calcite, and dolomite were prepared (<2, 2-4, 4-8, 8-16, 16-32, and 32-63 µm). It is found that the width, intensity, and area of bands in the ATR FT-IR spectra of minerals have explicit dependence on the particle size. As particle size increases, the intensity and area of IR bands usually decrease while the width of bands increases. The band positions usually shifted to higher wavenumbers with decreasing particle size. Infrared spectra of minerals are the most intensive in the particle size fraction of 2-4 µm. However, if the particle size is very small (<2 µm), due to the wavelength and penetration depth of the IR light, intensity decreases. Therefore, the quantity of very fine-grained minerals may be underestimated compared to the coarser phases. A nonlinear regression analysis of the data indicated that the average coefficients and indices of the power trend line equation imply a very simplistic relationship between median particle diameter and absorbance at a given wavenumber. It is concluded that when powder samples with substantially different particle size are compared, as in regression analysis for modal predictions using ATR FT-IR, it is also important to report the grain size distribution or surface area of samples. The band area of water (3000-3620 cm-1) is similar in each mineral fraction, except for the particles below 2 µm. It indicates that the finest particles could have disproportionately more water adsorbed on their larger surface area. Thus, these higher wavenumbers of the ATR FT-IR spectra may be more sensitive to this spectral interference if the number of particles below 2 µm is considerable. It is also concluded that at least a proportion of the moisture could be very adhesive to the particles due to the band shift towards lower wavenumbers in the IR range of 3000-3620 cm-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Udvardi
- 1 Geological and Geophysical Institute of Hungary, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István J Kovács
- 1 Geological and Geophysical Institute of Hungary, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Fancsik
- 1 Geological and Geophysical Institute of Hungary, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Kónya
- 1 Geological and Geophysical Institute of Hungary, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklósné Bátori
- 1 Geological and Geophysical Institute of Hungary, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Stercel
- 1 Geological and Geophysical Institute of Hungary, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Falus
- 1 Geological and Geophysical Institute of Hungary, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szalai
- 2 Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- 3 Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Eötvös University, Budapest, Hungary
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18
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Yesiltas M, Sedlmair J, Peale RE, Hirschmugl CJ. Synchrotron-Based Three-Dimensional Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectro-Microtomography of Murchison Meteorite Grain. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 71:1198-1208. [PMID: 27703050 DOI: 10.1177/0003702816671072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate nondestructive, three-dimensional, microscopic, infrared (IR) spectral in-situ imaging of an extraterrestrial sample. Spatially resolved chemical composition and spatial correlations are investigated within a single 45 µm grain of the Murchison meteorite. Qualitative and quantitative investigation through this analytical technique can help elucidate the origin and evolution of meteoritic compounds as well as parent body processes without damaging or altering the investigated samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Yesiltas
- 1 Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
- 2 Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Julia Sedlmair
- 3 Forest Products Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- 4 Bruker AXS, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Robert E Peale
- 1 Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Carol J Hirschmugl
- 5 Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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19
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Bernini F, Castellini E, Malferrari D, Castro GR, Sainz Díaz CI, Brigatti MF, Borsari M. Effective and Selective Trapping of Volatile Organic Sulfur Derivatives by Montmorillonite Intercalated with a μ-oxo Fe(III)-Phenanthroline Complex. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:1045-1056. [PMID: 27943670 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The μ-oxo Fe(III)-phenanthroline complex [(OH2)3(Phen)FeOFe(Phen) (OH2)3]+4 intercalated in montmorillonite provides a stable hybrid material. In this study, the ability and efficiency of this material to immobilize thiols in gas phase, acting as a trap at the solid-gas interface, were investigated. Aliphatic thiols containing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic end groups were chosen to test the selectivity of this gas trap. DR-UV-vis, IR, elemental analysis, thermal analysis and evolved gas mass spectrometry, X-ray powder diffraction, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy techniques were employed to characterize the hybrid material before and after thiol exposure and to provide information on the entrapping process. Thiol immobilization is very large, up to 21% w/w for heptanethiol. In addition, evidence was obtained that immobilization occurs through the formation of a covalent bond between the iron of the complex and the sulfur of the thiol. This provides an immobilization process characterized by a higher stability with respect to the methods based on physi-adsorption. Thiol immobilization resulted thermally reversible at least for 20 adsorption/desorption cycles. Unlike standard desulfurization processes like hydrotreating and catalytic oxidation which work at high temperatures and pressures, the present system is able to efficiently trap thiols at room temperature and pressure, thus saving energy. Furthermore, we found that the selectivity of thiol immobilization can be tuned acting on the amount of complex intercalated in montmorillonite. In particular, montmorillonite semisaturated with the complex captures both hydrophobic and hydrophilic thiols, while the saturated montmorillonite shows a strong selectivity toward the hydrophobic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Bernini
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Via Campi 103, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Castellini
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Via Campi 103, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Daniele Malferrari
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Via Campi 103, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - German Rafael Castro
- SpLine, Spanish CRG BM25 Beamline at the ESRF , 6 Jules Horowitz, F-38043 Grenoble, France
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC , c. Sor Juan Inés de la Cruz 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Claro Ignacio Sainz Díaz
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (IACT) CSIC, Universidad de Granada , Av.da Las Palmeras 4, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Franca Brigatti
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Via Campi 103, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Borsari
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Via Campi 103, I-41125 Modena, Italy
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20
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Palacios E, Leret P, De La Mata MJ, Fernández JF, De Aza AH, Rodríguez MA, Rubio-Marcos F. Self-Forming 3D Core-Shell Ceramic Nanostructures for Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:9462-9471. [PMID: 27007184 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of aluminum phosphates-based composites has been widely studied during the past decade because of the promising industrial application of these materials. Here we show a simple one-pot heterogeneous precipitation approach to fabricate a sepiolite-phosphate (SepP) composite with adequate control of the size and dispersion of the phosphate nanoparticles. This coupling between aluminum phosphate and sepiolite nanofibers results in the development of a novel three-dimensional rigid supported phosphate structure, which is generated during the thermal treatment. According to our results, this phenomenon can be explained by a migration-coalescence mechanism of phosphate nanoparticles over the sepiolite support, assisted by a liquid phase. It is worth pointing out that this stimulant behavior observed here could have potential technological applications such as halogen-free flame retardant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Palacios
- Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio, ICV-CSIC , Kelsen 5, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Leret
- Research & Development Department, Advanced Dispersed Particles S.L. , Oro 45, nave 14, P.I.Sur, 28770, Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria J De La Mata
- Laboratorio de RMN Sólidos, Servicio Interdepartamental de Investigación, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose F Fernández
- Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio, ICV-CSIC , Kelsen 5, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio H De Aza
- Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio, ICV-CSIC , Kelsen 5, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Rodríguez
- Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio, ICV-CSIC , Kelsen 5, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Removal of Cu2+ from aqueous solution by adsorption onto mercapto functionalized palygorskite. J IND ENG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2014.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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