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La Rosa A, Pagli C, Wang H, Sigmundsson F, Pinel V, Keir D. Simultaneous rift-scale inflation of a deep crustal sill network in Afar, East Africa. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4287. [PMID: 38769109 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47136-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Decades of studies at divergent plate margins have revealed networks of magmatic sills at the crust-mantle boundary. However, a lack of direct observations of deep magma motion limits our understanding of magma inflow from the mantle into the lower crust and the mechanism of sill formation. Here, satellite geodesy reveals rift-scale deformation caused by magma inflow in the deep crust in the Afar rift (East Africa). Simultaneous inflation of four sills, laterally separated by 10s of km and at depths ranging 9-28 km, caused uplift across a ~ 100-km-wide zone, suggesting the sills are linked to a common mantle source. Our results show the supply of magma into the lower crust is temporally episodic, occurring across a network of sills. This process reflects inherent instability of melt migration through porous mantle flow and may be the fundamental process that builds the thick igneous crust beneath magmatic rifts and rifted margins globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- A La Rosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, Pisa, 56126, Italy.
| | - C Pagli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - H Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - F Sigmundsson
- Nordic Volcanological Center, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - V Pinel
- University Grenoble Alpes, University Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, University Gustave Eiffel, ISTerre, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - D Keir
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, 50121, Italy.
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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Sediment-Peridotite Reaction Controls Fore-Arc Metasomatism and Arc Magma Geochemical Signatures. GEOSCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/geosciences11090372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Subduction of oceanic crust buries an average thickness of 300–500 m of sediment that eventually dehydrates or partially melts. Progressive release of fluid/melt metasomatizes the fore-arc mantle, forming serpentinite at low temperatures and phlogopite-bearing pyroxenite where slab surface reaches 700–900 °C. This is sufficiently high to partially melt subducted sediments before they approach the depths where arc magmas are formed. Here, we present experiments on reactions between melts of subducted sediments and peridotite at 2–6 GPa/750–1100 °C, which correspond to the surface of a subducting slab. The reaction of volatile-bearing partial melts derived from sediments with depleted peridotite leads to separation of elements and a layered arrangement of metasomatic phases, with layers consisting of orthopyroxene, mica-pyroxenite, and clinopyroxenite. The selective incorporation of elements in these metasomatic layers closely resembles chemical patterns found in K-rich magmas. Trace elements were imaged using LA-ICP-TOFMS, which is applied here to investigate the distribution of trace elements within the metasomatic layers. Experiments of different duration enabled estimates of the growth of the metasomatic front, which ranges from 1–5 m/ky. These experiments explain the low contents of high-field strength elements in arc magmas as being due to their loss during melting of sedimentary materials in the fore-arc.
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Ladd AJC, Szymczak P. Reactive Flows in Porous Media: Challenges in Theoretical and Numerical Methods. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2021; 12:543-571. [PMID: 33784175 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092920-102703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We review theoretical and computational research, primarily from the past 10 years, addressing the flow of reactive fluids in porous media. The focus is on systems where chemical reactions at the solid-fluid interface cause dissolution of the surrounding porous matrix, creating nonlinear feedback mechanisms that can often lead to greatly enhanced permeability. We discuss insights into the evolution of geological forms that can be inferred from these feedback mechanisms, as well as some geotechnical applications such as enhanced oil recovery, hydraulic fracturing, and carbon sequestration. Until recently, most practical applications of reactive transport have been based on Darcy-scale modeling, where averaged equations for the flow and reactant transport are solved. We summarize the successes and limitations of volume averaging, which leads to Darcy-scale equations, as an introduction to pore-scale modeling. Pore-scale modeling is computationally intensive but offers new insights as well as tests of averaging theories and pore-network models. We include recent research devoted to validation of pore-scale simulations, particularly the use of visual observations from microfluidic experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J C Ladd
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6005, USA;
| | - Piotr Szymczak
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
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Bo T, Katz RF, Shorttle O, Rudge JF. The Melting Column as a Filter of Mantle Trace-Element Heterogeneity. GEOCHEMISTRY, GEOPHYSICS, GEOSYSTEMS : G(3) 2018; 19:4694-4721. [PMID: 31007625 PMCID: PMC6472646 DOI: 10.1029/2018gc007880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The observed variability of trace-element concentration in basaltic lavas and melt inclusions carries information about heterogeneity in the mantle. The difficulty is to disentangle the contributions of source heterogeneity (i.e., spatial variability of mantle composition before melting) and process heterogeneity (i.e., spatial and temporal variability in melt transport). Here we investigate the end-member hypothesis that variability arises due to source heterogeneity alone. We model the attenuation of trace-element variability introduced into the bottom of a one-dimensional, steady-state melting column. Our results show that the melting column can be considered to be a filter that attenuates variability according to the wavelength of heterogeneity, the partition coefficient of the trace element, melt productivity, and the efficiency of melt segregation. We further show that while the model can be fit to the observations, this requires assumptions inconsistent with constraints on the timescales of magma assembly. Hence, we falsify the end-member hypothesis and, instead, conclude that observed variability requires heterogeneity of melt transport. This might take the form of channels or waves and would almost certainly interact with source heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Bo
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering SciencePeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | | | - Oliver Shorttle
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Institute of AstronomyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - John F. Rudge
- Bullard Laboratories, Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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Turner AJ, Katz RF, Behn MD. Grain-size dynamics beneath mid-ocean ridges: Implications for permeability and melt extraction. GEOCHEMISTRY, GEOPHYSICS, GEOSYSTEMS : G(3) 2015; 16:925-946. [PMID: 26693211 PMCID: PMC4676195 DOI: 10.1002/2014gc005692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Grain size is an important control on mantle viscosity and permeability, but is difficult or impossible to measure in situ. We construct a two-dimensional, single phase model for the steady state mean grain size beneath a mid-ocean ridge. The mantle rheology is modeled as a composite of diffusion creep, dislocation creep, dislocation accommodated grain boundary sliding, and a plastic stress limiter. The mean grain size is calculated by the paleowattmeter relationship of Austin and Evans (2007). We investigate the sensitivity of our model to global variations in grain growth exponent, potential temperature, spreading-rate, and mantle hydration. We interpret the mean grain-size field in terms of its permeability to melt transport. The permeability structure due to mean grain size may be approximated as a high permeability region beneath a low permeability region. The transition between high and low permeability regions occurs across a boundary that is steeply inclined toward the ridge axis. We hypothesize that such a permeability structure generated from the variability of the mean grain size may focus melt toward the ridge axis, analogous to Sparks and Parmentier (1991)-type focusing. This focusing may, in turn, constrain the region where significant melt fractions are observed by seismic or magnetotelluric surveys. This interpretation of melt focusing via the grain-size permeability structure is consistent with MT observation of the asthenosphere beneath the East Pacific Rise. KEY POINTS The grain-size field beneath MORs can vary over orders of magnitude The grain-size field affects the rheology and permeability of the asthenosphere The grain-size field may focus melt toward the ridge axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Turner
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
| | - Richard F Katz
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
| | - Mark D Behn
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
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Key K, Constable S, Liu L, Pommier A. Electrical image of passive mantle upwelling beneath the northern East Pacific Rise. Nature 2013; 495:499-502. [PMID: 23538832 DOI: 10.1038/nature11932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Budek A, Szymczak P. Network models of dissolution of porous media. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 86:056318. [PMID: 23214886 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.86.056318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the chemical dissolution of porous media using a 2D network model in which the system is represented as a series of interconnected pipes with the diameter of each segment increasing in proportion to the local reactant consumption. Moreover, the topology of the network is allowed to change dynamically during the simulation: As the diameters of the eroding pores become comparable with the interpore distances, the pores are joined together, thus changing the interconnections within the network. With this model, we investigate different growth regimes in an evolving porous medium, identifying the mechanisms responsible for the emergence of specific patterns. We consider both the random and regular network and study the effect of the network geometry on the patterns. Finally, we consider practically important problem of finding an optimum flow rate that gives a maximum increase in permeability for a given amount of reactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Budek
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Hoza 69, 00-618, Warsaw, Poland
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Kelemen PB, Holbrook WS. Origin of thick, high-velocity igneous crust along the U.S. East Coast Margin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/95jb00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Seismic reflection images of a near-axis melt sill within the lower crust at the Juan de Fuca ridge. Nature 2009; 460:89-93. [PMID: 19571883 DOI: 10.1038/nature08095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Accepted: 04/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The oceanic crust extends over two-thirds of the Earth's solid surface, and is generated along mid-ocean ridges from melts derived from the upwelling mantle. The upper and middle crust are constructed by dyking and sea-floor eruptions originating from magma accumulated in mid-crustal lenses at the spreading axis, but the style of accretion of the lower oceanic crust is actively debated. Models based on geological and petrological data from ophiolites propose that the lower oceanic crust is accreted from melt sills intruded at multiple levels between the Moho transition zone (MTZ) and the mid-crustal lens, consistent with geophysical studies that suggest the presence of melt within the lower crust. However, seismic images of molten sills within the lower crust have been elusive. Until now, only seismic reflections from mid-crustal melt lenses and sills within the MTZ have been described, suggesting that melt is efficiently transported through the lower crust. Here we report deep crustal seismic reflections off the southern Juan de Fuca ridge that we interpret as originating from a molten sill at present accreting the lower oceanic crust. The sill sits 5-6 km beneath the sea floor and 850-900 m above the MTZ, and is located 1.4-3.2 km off the spreading axis. Our results provide evidence for the existence of low-permeability barriers to melt migration within the lower section of modern oceanic crust forming at intermediate-to-fast spreading rates, as inferred from ophiolite studies.
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Abstract
Decompression melting of hot upwelling rock in the mantle creates a region of partial melt comprising a porous solid matrix through which magma rises buoyantly. Magma transport and the compensating matrix deformation are commonly described by two-phase compaction models, but melt production is less often incorporated. Melting is driven by the necessity to maintain thermodynamic equilibrium between mineral grains in the partial melt; the position and amount of partial melting that occur are thus thermodynamically determined. We present a consistent model for the ascent of a one-dimensional column of rock and provide solutions that reveal where and how much partial melting occurs, the positions of the boundaries of the partial melt being determined by conserving energy across them. Thermodynamic equilibrium of the boundary between partial melt and the solid lithosphere requires a boundary condition on the effective pressure (solid pressure minus melt pressure), which suggests that large effective stresses, and hence fracture, are likely to occur near the base of the lithosphere. Matrix compaction, melt separation and temperature in the partially molten region are all dependent on the effective pressure, a fact that can lead to interesting oscillatory boundary-layer structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- I.J Hewitt
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford24–29 St Giles', Oxford OX1 3LB, UK
| | - A.C Fowler
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford24–29 St Giles', Oxford OX1 3LB, UK
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of LimerickLimerick, Republic of Ireland
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Connolly JAD, Podladchikov YY. Decompaction weakening and channeling instability in ductile porous media: Implications for asthenospheric melt segregation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jb004213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Cagnioncle AM, Parmentier EM, Elkins-Tanton LT. Effect of solid flow above a subducting slab on water distribution and melting at convergent plate boundaries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jb004934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Leahy GM, Bercovici D. On the dynamics of a hydrous melt layer above the transition zone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jb004631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Schiano P, Provost A, Clocchiatti R, Faure F. Transcrystalline Melt Migration and Earth's Mantle. Science 2006; 314:970-4. [PMID: 17095697 DOI: 10.1126/science.1132485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Plate tectonics and volcanism involve the formation, migration, and interaction of magma and gas. Experiments show that melt inclusions subjected to a thermal gradient migrate through olivine crystals, under the kinetic control of crystal-melt interface mechanisms. Exsolved gas bubbles remain fixed and eventually separate from the melt. Scaled to thermal gradients in Earth's mantle and geological times, our results account for the grain-scale segregation of primitive melts, reinterpret CO2-rich fluid inclusions as escaped from melt, and question the existence of a free, deeply percolating fluid phase. Melt migration experiments also allow us to quantify crystal growth kinetics at very low undercoolings in conditions appropriate to many natural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Schiano
- Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, Observatoire de Physique du Globe, Université Blaise Pascal et CNRS, 5 rue Kessler, 63038 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, France.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Schmeling
- Geophysics Section, Department of Earth Sciences; Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main; Frankfurt Germany
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Verhaeghe F, Arnout S, Blanpain B, Wollants P. Lattice-Boltzmann modeling of dissolution phenomena. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2006; 73:036316. [PMID: 16605660 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.73.036316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present a lattice-Boltzmann model for the simulation of complex dissolution phenomena. We design boundary conditions to impose a fixed concentration or a surface flux for use in multicomponent lattice-Boltzmann models. These conditions can be applied to simulate complex reactive flow phenomena, e.g., in porous media. By combining the boundary conditions with a volume-of-fluid description of solid structures, the application area of the presented model is extended toward complex dissolution phenomena. The boundary conditions and the dissolution model are validated using benchmark problems with analytical solutions. The agreement is good in all tested cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Verhaeghe
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.
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19
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Volatiles in submarine environments: Food for life. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/144gm11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Kang Q, Zhang D, Chen S. Simulation of dissolution and precipitation in porous media. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jb002504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinjun Kang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos New Mexico USA
| | - Dongxiao Zhang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos New Mexico USA
| | - Shiyi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland USA
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Bourdon B, Turner S, Dosseto A. Dehydration and partial melting in subduction zones: Constraints from U-series disequilibria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jb001839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Bourdon
- Laboratoire de Géochimie et Cosmochimie, IPGP-CNRS; Paris cedex France
| | - Simon Turner
- Department of Earth Sciences; University of Bristol; Bristol UK
| | - Anthony Dosseto
- Laboratoire de Géochimie et Cosmochimie, IPGP-CNRS; Paris cedex France
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Turner SP. On the time-scales of magmatism at island-arc volcanoes. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2002; 360:2853-2871. [PMID: 12626270 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2002.1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Precise information on time-scales and rates of change is fundamental to an understanding of natural processes and the development of quantitative physical models in the Earth sciences. U-series isotope studies are revolutionizing this field by providing time information in the range 10(2)-10(4) years, which is similar to that of many modern Earth processes. I review how the application of U-series isotopes has been used to constrain the time-scales of magma formation, ascent and storage beneath island-arc volcanoes. Different elements are distilled-off the subducting plate at different times and in different places. Contributions from subducted sediments to island-arc lava sources appear to occur some 350 kyr to 4 Myr prior to eruption. Fluid release from the subducting oceanic crust into the mantle wedge may be a multi-stage process and occurs over a period ranging from a few hundred kyr to less than one kyr prior to eruption. This implies that dehydration commences prior to the initiation of partial melting within the mantle wedge, which is consistent with recent evidence that the onset of melting is controlled by an isotherm and thus the thermal structure within the wedge. U-Pa disequilibria appear to require a component of decompression melting, possibly due to the development of gravitational instabilities. The preservation of large (226)Ra disequilibria permits only a short period of time between fluid addition and eruption. This requires rapid melt segregation, magma ascent by channelled flow and minimal residence time within the lithosphere. The evolution from basalt to basaltic andesite probably occurs rapidly during ascent or in magma reservoirs inferred from some geophysical data to lie within the lithospheric mantle. The flux across the Moho is broadly andesitic, and some magmas subsequently stall in more shallow crustal-level magma chambers, where they evolve to more differentiated compositions on time-scales of a few thousand years or less.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Turner
- Department of Earth Sciences, Wills Memorial Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK
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Ito G, Martel SJ. Focusing of magma in the upper mantle through dike interaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jb000251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Garrett Ito
- Department of Geology and Geophysics; University of Hawaii at Manoa; Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - Stephen J. Martel
- Department of Geology and Geophysics; University of Hawaii at Manoa; Honolulu Hawaii USA
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Kang Q, Zhang D, Chen S, He X. Lattice Boltzmann simulation of chemical dissolution in porous media. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2002; 65:036318. [PMID: 11909255 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.65.036318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2001] [Revised: 08/27/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we develop a lattice Boltzmann model for simulating the transport and reaction of fluids in porous media. To simulate such a system, we account for the interaction of forced convection, molecular diffusion, and surface reaction. The problem is complicated by the evolution of the porous media geometry due to chemical reactions, which may significantly and continuously modify the hydrologic properties of the media. The particular application that motivates the present study is acid stimulation, a common technique used to increase production from petroleum reservoirs. This technique involves the injection of acid (e.g., hydrochloric acid, HCl, acetic acid, HAc) into the formation to dissolve minerals comprising the rock. As acid is injected, highly conductive channels or "wormholes" may be formed. The dissolution of carbonate rocks in 0.5M HCl and 0.5M HAc is simulated with the lattice Boltzmann model developed in this study. The dependence of dissolution process and the geometry of the final wormhole pattern on the acid type and the injection rate is studied. The results agree qualitatively with the experimental and theoretical analyses of others and substantiate the previous finding that there exists an optimal injection rate at which the wormhole is formed as well as the number of pore volumes of the injected fluid to break through is minimized. This study also confirms the experimentally observed phenomenon that the optimal injection rate decreases and the corresponding minimized number of pore volumes to break through increases as the acid is changed from HCl to HAc. Simulations suggest that the proposed lattice Boltzmann model may serve as an alternative reliable quantitative approach to study chemical dissolution in porous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinjun Kang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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Spiegelman M, Kelemen PB, Aharonov E. Causes and consequences of flow organization during melt transport: The reaction infiltration instability in compactible media. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jb900240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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Ormond A, Ortoleva P. Numerical modeling of reaction-induced cavities in a porous rock. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jb900116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Korenaga J, Kelemen PB. Origin of gabbro sills in the Moho transition zone of the Oman ophiolite: Implications for magma transport in the oceanic lower crust. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jb02604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Magde LS, Sparks DW. Three-dimensional mantle upwelling, melt generation, and melt migration beneath segment slow spreading ridges. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jb01278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Aharonov E, Spiegelman M, Kelemen P. Three-dimensional flow and reaction in porous media: Implications for the Earth's mantle and sedimentary basins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jb00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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30
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Bolton EW, Lasaga AC, Rye DM. Dissolution and precipitation via forced-flux injection in a porous medium with spatially variable permeability: Kinetic control in two dimensions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jb00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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