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Leone G, Tanaka H. Igneous processes in the small bodies of the Solar System II: Small satellites and dwarf planets. iScience 2024; 27:109613. [PMID: 38638563 PMCID: PMC11024919 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence of hot and cold igneous processes has been reported in small satellites and dwarf planets of the Solar System. Olivine and pyroxenes were detected in the spectral bands of both small satellites and dwarf planets. The aqueously altered form of olivine and serpentine has been detected in the spectrums of Ceres and Miranda hinting at possible hydrothermal processes in their interiors. Once more, the ubiquitous distribution of 26Al in the planetary nebula, then evolving in the protoplanetary disk, contributed to the primordial widespread heating. Volcanism, or cryovolcanism, then developed only in those bodies where long-lived radiogenic elements, and/or tidal processes, were available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Leone
- Instituto de Investigación en Astronomía y Ciencias Planetarias, Universidad de Atacama, Copiapó 153000, Región de Atacama, Chile
- Virtual Muography Institute, Global, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Virtual Muography Institute, Global, Tokyo, Japan
- International Muography Research Organization (MUOGRAPHIX), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113 -0032, Japan
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Titus TN, Wynne JJ, Jhabvala MD, Cabrol NA. Using near–surface temperature data to vicariously calibrate high-resolution thermal infrared imagery and estimate physical surface properties. MethodsX 2022; 9:101644. [PMID: 35449880 PMCID: PMC9018161 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2022.101644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal response of the surface to solar insolation is a function of the topography and the thermal physical characteristics of the landscape, which include bulk density, heat capacity, thermal conductivity and surface albedo and emissivity. Thermal imaging is routinely used to constrain thermal physical properties by characterizing or modeling changes in the diurnal temperature profiles. Images need to be acquired throughout the diurnal cycle – typically this is done twice during a diurnal cycle, but we suggest multiple times. Comparison of images acquired over 24 hours requires that either the data be calibrated to surface temperature, or the response of the thermal camera is linear and stable over the image acquisition period. Depending on the type and age of the thermal instrument, imagery may be self-calibrated in radiance, corrected for atmospheric effects, and pixels converted to surface temperature. We used an experimental instrumentation where the calibration should be stable, but calibration coefficients are unknown. Cases may occur where one wishes to validate the camera's calibration. We present a method to validate and calibrate the instrument and characterize the thermal physical properties for areas of interest. Finally, in situ high-temporal-resolution oblique thermal imaging can be invaluable in preparation for conducting overflight missions. We present the following:The use of oblique thermal high temporal resolution thermal imaging over diurnal or multiday periods for the characterization of landscapes has not been widespread but poses great potential. A method of collecting and analyzing thermal data that can be used to either determine or validate thermal camera calibration coefficients. An approach to characterize thermophysical properties of the landscape using oblique temporally high-resolution thermal imaging, combined with in situ ground measurements.
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Emran A, Marzen LJ, King Jr. DT, Chevrier VF. Thermophysical and Compositional Analyses of Dunes at Hargraves Crater, Mars. THE PLANETARY SCIENCE JOURNAL 2021; 2:218. [DOI: 10.3847/psj/ac25ee] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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4
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Thermography of Asteroid and Future Applications in Space Missions. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10062158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Near-Earth Asteroid 162173 Ryugu is a C-type asteroid which preserves information about the ancient Solar System and is considered enriched in volatiles such as water and organics associated with the building blocks of life, and it is a potentially hazardous object that might impact Earth. Hayabusa2 is the asteroid explorer organized by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency to rendezvous with the asteroid and collect surface materials to return them to Earth. Thermography has been carried out from Hayabusa2 during the asteroid proximity phase, to unveil the thermophysical properties of the primitive Solar System small body, which offered a new insight for understanding the origin and evolution of the Solar System, and demonstrated the technology for future applications in space missions. Global, local, and close-up thermal images taken from various distances from the asteroid strongly contributed to the mission success, including suitable landing site selection, safe assessment during descents into the thermal environments and hazardous boulder abundance, and the detection of deployable devices against the sunlit asteroid surface. Potential applications of thermography in future planetary missions are introduced.
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Highly porous nature of a primitive asteroid revealed by thermal imaging. Nature 2020; 579:518-522. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2102-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Nowicki SA, Inman RD, Esque TC, Nussear KE, Edwards CS. Spatially Consistent High-Resolution Land Surface Temperature Mosaics for Thermophysical Mapping of the Mojave Desert. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19122669. [PMID: 31200500 PMCID: PMC6631031 DOI: 10.3390/s19122669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Daytime and nighttime thermal infrared observations acquired by the ASTER and MODIS instruments onboard the NASA Terra spacecraft have produced a dataset that can be used to map thermophysical properties across large regions, which have implications on surface processes, thermal environments and habitat suitability for desert species. ASTER scenes acquired between 2004 and 2012 are combined using new mosaicking and data-fusion techniques to produce a map of daytime and nighttime land surface temperature with coverage exclusive of the effects of clouds and weather. These data are combined with Landsat 7 visible imagery to generate a consistent map of apparent thermal inertia (ATI), which is related to the presence of exposed bedrock, rocks, fine-grained sediments and water on the surface. The resulting datasets are compared to known geomorphic units and surface types to generate an interpreted mechanical composition map of the entire Mojave Desert at 100 m per pixel that is most sensitive to large clast size distinctions in grain size distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Nowicki
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
- Quantum Spatial Inc., Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
| | - Richard D Inman
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, United States Geologic Survey, Las Vegas Field Station, Henderson, NV 89074-8829, USA.
| | - Todd C Esque
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, United States Geologic Survey, Las Vegas Field Station, Henderson, NV 89074-8829, USA.
| | - Kenneth E Nussear
- Department of Geography, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
| | - Christopher S Edwards
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northern Arizona University, Box 6010, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA.
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Fraeman AA, Ehlmann BL, Arvidson RE, Edwards CS, Grotzinger JP, Milliken RE, Quinn DP, Rice MS. The stratigraphy and evolution of lower Mount Sharp from spectral, morphological, and thermophysical orbital data sets. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. PLANETS 2016; 121:1713-1736. [PMID: 27867788 PMCID: PMC5101845 DOI: 10.1002/2016je005095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a refined geologic map and stratigraphy for lower Mount Sharp using coordinated analyses of new spectral, thermophysical, and morphologic orbital data products. The Mount Sharp group consists of seven relatively planar units delineated by differences in texture, mineralogy, and thermophysical properties. These units are (1-3) three spatially adjacent units in the Murray formation which contain a variety of secondary phases and are distinguishable by thermal inertia and albedo differences, (4) a phyllosilicate-bearing unit, (5) a hematite-capped ridge unit, (6) a unit associated with material having a strongly sloped spectral signature at visible near-infrared wavelengths, and (7) a layered sulfate unit. The Siccar Point group consists of the Stimson formation and two additional units that unconformably overlie the Mount Sharp group. All Siccar Point group units are distinguished by higher thermal inertia values and record a period of substantial deposition and exhumation that followed the deposition and exhumation of the Mount Sharp group. Several spatially extensive silica deposits associated with veins and fractures show that late-stage silica enrichment within lower Mount Sharp was pervasive. At least two laterally extensive hematitic deposits are present at different stratigraphic intervals, and both are geometrically conformable with lower Mount Sharp strata. The occurrence of hematite at multiple stratigraphic horizons suggests redox interfaces were widespread in space and/or in time, and future measurements by the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover will provide further insights into the depositional settings of these and other mineral phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Fraeman
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
| | - B. L. Ehlmann
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
- Division of Geological and Planetary SciencesCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
| | - R. E. Arvidson
- Department of Earth and Planetary SciencesWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - C. S. Edwards
- United States Geological SurveyFlagstaffArizonaUSA
- Department of Physics and AstronomyNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizonaUSA
| | - J. P. Grotzinger
- Division of Geological and Planetary SciencesCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
| | - R. E. Milliken
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary SciencesBrown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - D. P. Quinn
- Division of Geological and Planetary SciencesCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
| | - M. S. Rice
- Geology Department, Physics and Astronomy DepartmentWestern Washington UniversityBellinghamWashingtonUSA
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An Alternative Approach to Mapping Thermophysical Units from Martian Thermal Inertia and Albedo Data Using a Combination of Unsupervised Classification Techniques. REMOTE SENSING 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/rs6065184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Kieffer HH, Martin TZ, Peterfreund AR, Jakosky BM, Miner ED, Palluconi FD. Thermal and albedo mapping of Mars during the Viking primary mission. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/js082i028p04249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 535] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Mellon MT, Jakosky BM. Geographic variations in the thermal and diffusive stability of ground ice on Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/92je02355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Santee M, Crisp D. Thermal structure and dust loading of the Martian atmosphere during late southern summer: Mariner 9 revisited. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/92je01896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Jakosky BM, Christensen PR. Global duricrust on Mars: Analysis of remote-sensing data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb091ib03p03547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Fanale FP, Cannon WA. Exchange of adsorbed H2O and CO2between the regolith and atmosphere of Mars caused by changes in surface insolation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jc079i024p03397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Christensen PR. Regional dust deposits on Mars: Physical properties, age, and history. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb091ib03p03533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Osterloo MM, Anderson FS, Hamilton VE, Hynek BM. Geologic context of proposed chloride-bearing materials on Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010je003613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Milam KA, McSween HY, Moersch J, Christensen PR. Distribution and variation of plagioclase compositions on Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009je003495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Warner N, Gupta S, Lin SY, Kim JR, Muller JP, Morley J. Late Noachian to Hesperian climate change on Mars: Evidence of episodic warming from transient crater lakes near Ares Vallis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009je003522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Edwards CS, Bandfield JL, Christensen PR, Fergason RL. Global distribution of bedrock exposures on Mars using THEMIS high-resolution thermal inertia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009je003363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Fergason RL, Christensen PR. Formation and erosion of layered materials: Geologic and dust cycle history of eastern Arabia Terra, Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je002973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Mellon MT, Boynton WV, Feldman WC, Arvidson RE, Titus TN, Bandfield JL, Putzig NE, Sizemore HG. A prelanding assessment of the ice table depth and ground ice characteristics in Martian permafrost at the Phoenix landing site. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je003067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Le Deit L, Le Mouélic S, Bourgeois O, Combe JP, Mège D, Sotin C, Gendrin A, Hauber E, Mangold N, Bibring JP. Ferric oxides in East Candor Chasma, Valles Marineris (Mars) inferred from analysis of OMEGA/Mars Express data: Identification and geological interpretation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je002950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Greeley R, Whelley PL, Neakrase LDV, Arvidson RE, Bridges NT, Cabrol NA, Christensen PR, Di K, Foley DJ, Golombek MP, Herkenhoff K, Knudson A, Kuzmin RO, Li R, Michaels T, Squyres SW, Sullivan R, Thompson SD. Columbia Hills, Mars: Aeolian features seen from the ground and orbit. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je002971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Hudson TL, Aharonson O, Schorghofer N, Farmer CB, Hecht MH, Bridges NT. Water vapor diffusion in Mars subsurface environments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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Fergason RL, Christensen PR, Kieffer HH. High-resolution thermal inertia derived from the Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS): Thermal model and applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin L. Fergason
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Mars Space Flight Facility; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Philip R. Christensen
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Mars Space Flight Facility; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
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27
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Fergason RL, Christensen PR, Bell JF, Golombek MP, Herkenhoff KE, Kieffer HH. Physical properties of the Mars Exploration Rover landing sites as inferred from Mini-TES-derived thermal inertia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin L. Fergason
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | | | - James F. Bell
- Department of Astronomy, Space Science Building; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - Matthew P. Golombek
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
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28
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Martínez-Alonso S, Mellon MT, Kindel BC, Jakosky BM. Mapping compositional diversity on the surface of Mars: The Spectral Variance Index. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Presley MA, Craddock RA. Thermal conductivity measurements of particulate materials: 3. Natural samples and mixtures of particle sizes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Martínez-Alonso S. A volcanic interpretation of Gusev Crater surface materials from thermophysical, spectral, and morphological evidence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004je002327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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31
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Christensen PR, Ruff SW, Fergason RL, Knudson AT, Anwar S, Arvidson RE, Bandfield JL, Blaney DL, Budney C, Calvin WM, Glotch TD, Golombek MP, Gorelick N, Graff TG, Hamilton VE, Hayes A, Johnson JR, McSween HY, Mehall GL, Mehall LK, Moersch JE, Morris RV, Rogers AD, Smith MD, Squyres SW, Wolff MJ, Wyatt MB. Initial results from the Mini-TES experiment in Gusev Crater from the Spirit Rover. Science 2004; 305:837-42. [PMID: 15297667 DOI: 10.1126/science.1100564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) on Spirit has studied the mineralogy and thermophysical properties at Gusev crater. Undisturbed soil spectra show evidence for minor carbonates and bound water. Rocks are olivinerich basalts with varying degrees of dust and other coatings. Dark-toned soils observed on disturbed surfaces may be derived from rocks and have derived mineralogy (+/-5 to 10%) of 45% pyroxene (20% Ca-rich pyroxene and 25% pigeonite), 40% sodic to intermediate plagioclase, and 15% olivine (forsterite 45% +/-5 to 10). Two spectrally distinct coatings are observed on rocks, a possible indicator of the interaction of water, rock, and airfall dust. Diurnal temperature data indicate particle sizes from 40 to 80 microm in hollows to approximately 0.5 to 3 mm in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Christensen
- Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
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32
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Prettyman TH. Composition and structure of the Martian surface at high southern latitudes from neutron spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003je002139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Golombek MP, Haldemann AFC, Forsberg-Taylor NK, DiMaggio EN, Schroeder RD, Jakosky BM, Mellon MT, Matijevic JR. Rock size-frequency distributions on Mars and implications for Mars Exploration Rover landing safety and operations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002je002035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. P. Golombek
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - A. F. C. Haldemann
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - N. K. Forsberg-Taylor
- Department of Environmental Sciences; University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | - E. N. DiMaggio
- Department of Geological Sciences; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - R. D. Schroeder
- Department of Geology; California State University; Bakersfield California USA
| | - B. M. Jakosky
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - M. T. Mellon
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. R. Matijevic
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
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34
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Ruff SW, Christensen PR. Bright and dark regions on Mars: Particle size and mineralogical characteristics based on Thermal Emission Spectrometer data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001je001580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven W. Ruff
- Mars Space Flight Facility, Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Philip R. Christensen
- Mars Space Flight Facility, Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
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35
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Pelkey SM, Jakosky BM, Mellon MT. Thermal inertia of crater-related wind streaks on Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000je001433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Christensen PR, Bandfield JL, Hamilton VE, Ruff SW, Kieffer HH, Titus TN, Malin MC, Morris RV, Lane MD, Clark RL, Jakosky BM, Mellon MT, Pearl JC, Conrath BJ, Smith MD, Clancy RT, Kuzmin RO, Roush T, Mehall GL, Gorelick N, Bender K, Murray K, Dason S, Greene E, Silverman S, Greenfield M. Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer experiment: Investigation description and surface science results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000je001370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 782] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Ruff SW, Christensen PR, Clark RN, Kieffer HH, Malin MC, Bandfield JL, Jakosky BM, Lane MD, Mellon MT, Presley MA. Mars' “White Rock” feature lacks evidence of an aqueous origin: Results from Mars Global Surveyor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000je001329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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38
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Jakosky BM, Mellon MT. High-resolution thermal inertia mapping of Mars: Sites of exobiological interest. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000je001311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Lane MD, Christensen PR. Convection in a catastrophic flood deposit as the mechanism for the giant polygons on Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999je001197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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40
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Jakosky BM, Mellon MT, Kieffer HH, Christensen PR, Varnes ES, Lee SW. The thermal inertia of Mars from the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999je001088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Herkenhoff KE, Vasavada AR. Dark material in the polar layered deposits and dunes on Mars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998je000589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Costard F, Aguirre-Puente J, Greeley R, Makhloufi N. Martian fluvial-thermal erosion: Laboratory simulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999je900020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Moore HJ, Bickler DB, Crisp JA, Eisen HJ, Gensler JA, Haldemann AFC, Matijevic JR, Reid LK, Pavlics F. Soil-like deposits observed by Sojourner, the Pathfinder rover. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998je900005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Presley MA, Christensen PR. Thermal conductivity measurements of particulate materials 1. A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96je03302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Presley MA, Christensen PR. Thermal conductivity measurements of particulate materials 2. Results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96je03303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Golombek MP, Cook RA, Moore HJ, Parker TJ. Selection of the Mars Pathfinder landing site. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96je03318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Siili T. Modeling of albedo and thermal inertia induced mesoscale circulations in the midlatitude summertime Martian atmosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96je01131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ostroumov V. A physical and chemical characterization of Martian permafrost as a possible habitat for viable microorganisms. ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE COMMITTEE ON SPACE RESEARCH (COSPAR) 1995; 15:229-236. [PMID: 11539230 DOI: 10.1016/s0273-1177(99)80089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Data from experiments with model samples show that ion transfer coefficients in the water-rich permafrost on Mars must be three orders of magnitude less than those of terrestrial permafrost. The effects of low temperatures and of carbon dioxide have been accounted for. Exchange between cells and the environment is impeded in Martian permafrost. The microscopic distributional heterogeneity of concentration, pH, Eh, and other physicochemical parameters may be more pronounced in the permafrost of Mars. We present a classification of unfrozen water types in the permafrost that is based on the structures of unfrozen water films and on their functions with respect to cells. Any viable microorganisms on Mars probably exist with minimum metabolism in compact zones with energy carriers and high transfer coefficients. These zones may be microvolumes of unfrozen water in which cells accumulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ostroumov
- Institute of Soil Science and Photosynthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
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Rothschild LJ. A "cryptic" microbial mat: a new model ecosystem for extant life on Mars. ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE COMMITTEE ON SPACE RESEARCH (COSPAR) 1995; 15:223-228. [PMID: 11539229 DOI: 10.1016/s0273-1177(99)80088-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
If life were present on Mars to day, it would face potentially lethal environmental conditions such as a lack of water, frigid temperatures, ultraviolet radiation, and soil oxidants. In addition, the Viking missions did not detect near-surface organic carbon available for assimilation. Autotrophic organisms that lived under a protective layer of sand or gravel would be able to circumvent the ultraviolet radiation and lack of fixed carbon. Two terrestrial photosynthetic near-surface microbial communities have been identified, one in the inter- and supertidal of Laguna Ojo de Liebre (Baja California Sur, Mexico) and one in the acidic gravel near several small geysers in Yellowstone National Park (Wyoming, U.S.A.). Both communities have been studied with respect to their ability to fix carbon under different conditions, including elevated levels of inorganic carbon. Although these sand communities have not been exposed to the entire suite of Martian environmental conditions simultaneously, such communities can provide a useful model ecosystem for a potential extant Martian biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Rothschild
- Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
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Mancinelli RL, Banin A. Life on Mars? II. Physical restrictions. ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE COMMITTEE ON SPACE RESEARCH (COSPAR) 1995; 15:171-176. [PMID: 11539221 DOI: 10.1016/s0273-1177(99)80080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The primary physical factors important to life's evolution on a planet include its temperature, pressure and radiation regimes. Temperature and pressure regulate the presence and duration of liquid water on the surface of Mars. The prolonged presence of liquid water is essential for the evolution and sustained presence of life on a planet. It has been postulated that Mars has always been a cold dry planet; it has also been postulated that early mars possessed a dense atmosphere of CO2 (> or = 1 bar) and sufficient water to cut large channels across its surface. The degree to which either of these postulates is true correlates with the suitability of Mars for life's evolution. Although radiation can destroy living systems, the high fluxes of UV radiation on the martian surface do not necessarily stop the origin and early evolution of life. The probability for life to have arisen and evolved to a significant degree on Mars, based on the postulated ranges of early martian physical factors, is almost solely related to the probability of liquid water existing on the planet for at least hundreds of millions to billions of years.
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