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Abedini A, Alizadeh AM, Mahdavi A, Golzan SA, Salimi M, Tajdar-Oranj B, Hosseini H. Oilseed Cakes in the Food Industry; A Review on Applications,
Challenges, and Future Perspectives. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401317666211209150147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
By-products from the food sector now have a wide range of applications. Low-cost raw
materials, followed by low-cost goods, are regarded as one of the sectors’ top goals. Because of its
economic relevance, reduced price, and nutrients such as protein, fiber, carbs, and antioxidants,
oilseed cakes (OCs) have found a desirable place in livestock and poultry feed. Furthermore, because
the cake has the same desirable nutrients, its usage in the food business is unavoidable.
However, its use in this sector is not simply for nutritious purposes and has it has different impacts
on flavor, texture, color, and antioxidant qualities. Therefore, as a result of its desirable qualities,
the cake can be more useful in extensive applications in the food business, as well as in the manufacture
of supplements and novel foods. The current review looks at the reapplications of byproducts
obtained from oilseeds (soybean, sunflower, sesame, canola, palm kernel, peanut, mustard,
and almond) in the food sector in the future. Furthermore, allergenicity, toxicity, antinutritional
compounds, and techniques of extracting cakes from oilseeds have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Abedini
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology
Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran
| | - Adel Mirza Alizadeh
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences,
Zanjan, Iran
| | - Aida Mahdavi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin,
Iran
| | - S. Amirhossein Golzan
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology
Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahla Salimi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology
Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrouz Tajdar-Oranj
- Food and Drug Administration, Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedayat Hosseini
- Department of
Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science
and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19395-4741, Iran
- Food
Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wang W, Chen W, Kahraman O, Chantapakul T, Ding T, Liu D, Feng H. Manothermosonication (MTS) treatment by a continuous-flow system: Effects on the degradation kinetics and microstructural characteristics of citrus pectin. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 63:104973. [PMID: 31986328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.104973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Modified pectin (MP) was reported to have increased bioactivities compared with the original one. However, traditional modification methods such as using an acidic solvent with heating are not only costly but causing severe pollution as well. In this study, manothermosonication (MTS) with a continuous-flow system was utilized to modify citrus pectin. The citrus pectin (5 g/L) treated by MTS (3.23 W/mL, 400 kPa, 45 °C) exhibited lower molecular weight (Mw, 248.17 kDa) and PDI (2.76). The pectin treated by MTS (400 KPa, 45 °C, 5 min) exhibited a narrower Mw distribution and lowered more Mw (48.8%) than the ultrasound(US)-treated (23.8%). Pectin degradation data fitted well to kinetic model of 1/Mwt -1/Mw0 = kt (45-65 °C). A lower activation energy of 13.33 kJ/mol was observed in the MTS treatment compared with the US-treated (16.38 kJ/mol). The MTS-treated pectin lowered the degree of methoxylation (DM), mol% of rhamnose and galacturonic acid (GalA) while increased mol% of galactose (Gal), xylose (Xyl), and arabinose (Ara). The 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance showed that MTS could not alter the primary structures of citrus pectin. However, an elevated (Gal + Ara)/Rha and reduced GalA/(Rha + Ara + Gal + Xyl) molar ratios after MTS suggested that MTS resulted in more significant degradation on the main chains and less on the side chains of pectin, in agreement with the result of atomic force microscope. Moreover, the MTS-treated pectin exhibited a higher 1,1-diphenyl-2picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging capacity compared with original pectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Weijun Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ozan Kahraman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Thunthacha Chantapakul
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tian Ding
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Donghong Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
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Fiocchi A, Dahdah L, Riccardi C, Mazzina O, Fierro V. Preacutionary labelling of cross-reactive foods: The case of rapeseed. Asthma Res Pract 2016; 2:13. [PMID: 27965781 PMCID: PMC5142398 DOI: 10.1186/s40733-016-0028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Food allergic individuals are exposed to unnecessary dietary restrictions due to precautionary food allergy labelling (PFAL). Two forms of PFAL exist: type I identifies the possible presence of allergenic contaminaion in foods ('may content…'), type II indicates as potentially dangerous ingredients or contaminants that do no belong to official list of food allergens. PFAL type II is based on the fear of cross-reactivity with foods belonging to that list. PFAL type II is less known, but may be tempting for the legal offices of food companies, for clinicians in a 'defensive medicine' key, and even for legislators. We identify here a case of PFAL type II, allergy to rapeseed (belonging to the family of Brassicaceae). Increasingly used for their nutritional and nutraceutic value in asthma prevention, rapeseed has been indicated by regulatory authorities in Canada and Europe as potential cross-reactor with mustard. In this review, we provide the elements for a risk assessment of cross-reactivity of rapeseed/mustard allergy in the general population both clinically and from the point of view of the molecular allergy. Three findings emerge: 1. Allergic reactions to rapeseed are exceptional 2. The allergens identified in rapeseed and mustard are similar, but not identical 3. Reactions to rapeseed have never been described in mustard-allergic patients. On the ground of existing evidence, a precautionary labeling for rapeseed as potentially dangerous for patients allergic to mustard is not justified. In the interest of patients with multiple food allergy, PFAL type II must be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Fiocchi
- Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero (DPUO), UOC Allergologia, Rome, Vatican City Italy
| | - Lamia Dahdah
- Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero (DPUO), UOC Allergologia, Rome, Vatican City Italy
| | - Carla Riccardi
- Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero (DPUO), UOC Allergologia, Rome, Vatican City Italy
| | - Oscar Mazzina
- Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero (DPUO), UOC Allergologia, Rome, Vatican City Italy
| | - Vincenzo Fierro
- Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero (DPUO), UOC Allergologia, Rome, Vatican City Italy
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Mani BM, Huerta-Ocampo JA, Garcia-Sanchez JR, Barrera-Pacheco A, de la Rosa APB, Teran LM. Identification of Ligustrum lucidum pollen allergens using a proteomics approach. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 468:788-92. [PMID: 26562528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ligustrum spp. are members of the Oleaceae family, one of the most prominent allergic families worldwide. The genus Ligustrum contains approximately fifty species, including Ligustrum lucidum, which have been widely cultivated as ornamental plants, and its pollen is a source of inhalant allergens associated with respiratory allergic diseases. Little is known about the presence of allergenic proteins in L. lucidum. METHODS The L. lucidum pollen proteins were extracted by a modified phenolic extraction method. A pool of four sera from mono sensitive patients was analyzed by 2DE immunoblotting and mass spectrometric analysis was performed on 6 immunoreactive protein spots. RESULTS SDS-PAGE of L. lucidum pollen extract revealed proteins in ranges of 15-150 kDa. The 2DE gel profile of the L. lucidum pollen protein extract showed approximately 180 spots, and the 2DE immunoblots obtained using sera from Ligustrum monosensitive patients as the source of IgE antibodies revealed six allergen protein spots, corresponding to Profilin, Enolase, Fra e 9.01 (β-1,3-glucanase), Pollen-specific Polygalacturonases, Alanine aminotransferase, and two ATP synthase beta subunits. CONCLUSION We report for the first time the identification of IgE-reactive proteins from L. lucidum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blessy Maruthukunnel Mani
- Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Casco de Santo Tomás, C.P.11340 México City, Mexico
| | - Jose Angel Huerta-Ocampo
- Centro de investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Apartado Postal 1735, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Jose Ruben Garcia-Sanchez
- Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Casco de Santo Tomás, C.P.11340 México City, Mexico
| | - Alberto Barrera-Pacheco
- División Biología Molecular, IPICyT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Col. Lomas 4a. Sección, 78216 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Ana Paulina Barba de la Rosa
- División Biología Molecular, IPICyT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Col. Lomas 4a. Sección, 78216 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Luis M Teran
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Calzada Tlalpan No. 4502, Sección XVI, C.P.14080 México City, Mexico.
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Chardin H, Peltre G. Allergome: the characterization of allergens based on a 2D gel electrophoresis approach. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 2:757-65. [PMID: 16209654 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2.5.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Type I hypersensitivity reactions are in constant progression in industrialized countries. The physiopathologic mechanism of these diseases implicates the production of specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E to allergenic molecules, their binding to the Fcepsilon receptor on the surface of mast cells and basophils, and the release of inflammatory mediators when allergens are introduced into the body and crosslink with the IgE bound to the cell surface. An allergen is defined as a molecule that induces the production of, and binds to, IgE. The identification of the allergenic molecules is an important goal to improve diagnosis and treatment of allergy. This characterization aims to extract proteins from the allergenic source, to analyze IgE specificity by immunoblotting and to identify the proteins that bind IgE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Chardin
- Université Paris 5, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France.
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Esteve C, D'Amato A, Marina ML, García MC, Righetti PG. Identification of avocado (Persea americana) pulp proteins by nano-LC-MS/MS via combinatorial peptide ligand libraries. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:2799-805. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Esteve
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Alcalá; Madrid; Spain
| | - Alfonsina D'Amato
- Department of Chemistry; Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”; Milan; Italy
| | - María Luisa Marina
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Alcalá; Madrid; Spain
| | - María Concepción García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Alcalá; Madrid; Spain
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Poncet P, Senechal H, Clement G, Purohit A, Sutra JP, Desvaux FX, Wal JM, Pauli G, Peltre G, Gougeon ML. Evaluation of ash pollen sensitization pattern using proteomic approach with individual sera from allergic patients. Allergy 2010; 65:571-80. [PMID: 19886925 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02231.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Europe, sensitization to ash pollen induces pollinosis with cross-reactivities with other pollen sources. The aim of the study was to identify the repertoire of ash pollen allergens and evaluate the extent of the diversity of the IgE response in ash allergic patients. METHODS The IgE reactivities of 114 ash pollen- and eight grass pollen-sensitized patients were screened by 1D immunoblot (SDS-PAGE) against ash pollen extract. The IgE reactivities of 13 ash pollen- and two grass pollen-sensitized patients were then evaluated in 2D immunoblots. Some IgE- and non-IgE-reactive proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. RESULTS In 1D analysis, 86% of sera showed binding to Fra e 1 (18-20 kDa), 23% to Fra e 2 (14 kDa), 3% to Fra e 3 (10 kDa) and 57% to High Molecular Weight allergens (HMW, >30 kDa). Individual analysis of 2D immunoblots showed several IgE-binding protein areas among which three were more often recognized: (i) Fra e 1 comprising, at least, 15 isoforms, (ii) a series of acidic spots (45 kDa), and (iii) Fra e 2, the ash profilin. HMW allergens could be resolved in four areas; two unidentified, one homologous to beta-galactosidase and the other to sugar transport proteins. A malate deshydrogenase and calmodulin were shown to be IgE-binding proteins and 10 non-IgE reactive proteins were identified. CONCLUSIONS No direct correlation was evidenced between IgE profile and the degree of sensitization even though 2 spectrotypes could be distinguished. Our data contribute to a better delineation of ash pollen allergens and patterns of sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Poncet
- Ecole Supérieure de Physique et Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris, CNRS, France
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Ishibashi Y, Kato H, Asahi Y, Sugita T, Nishikawa A. Identification of the major allergen of Malassezia globosa relevant for atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol Sci 2009; 55:185-92. [PMID: 19540092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2009.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2008] [Revised: 04/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malasseziaglobosa constitutes a part of the normal flora of human skin, but may induce IgE production in atopic dermatitis (AD). However, information on M.globosa allergens is scant. OBJECTIVE To identify the major M. globosa allergens by using proteomic analysis. METHODS Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immunoblotting and cross-inhibition tests for M. globosa allergens were performed using sera from AD patients and control subjects. These allergens were identified and characterized using the proteomics approach involving a combination of two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and bioinformatics tools. We cloned the cDNA of this allergen using sequences obtained by 5'- and 3'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The sera of the AD patients had IgE-reactive 40-45-kDa protein components. By 2D immunoblotting, we detected a 42-kDa protein spot with an isoelectric point (pI) of 4.8; the protein was highly reactive to IgE and was designated MGp42. Full-length MGp42 cDNA contained a 1908-bp open reading frame encoding 635 amino acid residues (calculated molecular mass, 69.7kDa; pI, 6.02). The N-terminal MGp42 sequence started from the 250th residue (Asp-250) of the deduced amino acid sequence and consisted of 386 amino acid residues; these results are consistent with those of 2D immunoblotting. MGp42 showed sequence similarity to members of the heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) family. Immunoblot inhibition tests revealed no IgE cross-reactivity between MGp42 and human HSP70. CONCLUSIONS MGp42 may be a cleavage product of intact HSP70. This novel M. globosa allergen could be useful for the diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Ishibashi
- Department of Immunobiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Chardin H, Sénéchal H, Wal JM, Desvaux FX, Godfrin D, Peltre G. Characterization of peptidic and carbohydrate cross-reactive determinants in pollen polysensitization. Clin Exp Allergy 2008; 38:680-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02925.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Vassilopoulou E, Zuidmeer L, Akkerdaas J, Tassios I, Rigby NR, Mills ENC, van Ree R, Saxoni-Papageorgiou P, Papadopoulos NG. Severe immediate allergic reactions to grapes: part of a lipid transfer protein-associated clinical syndrome. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2007; 143:92-102. [PMID: 17228170 DOI: 10.1159/000098657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2006] [Accepted: 10/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grape allergy is considered rare; grape lipid transfer protein (LTP; Vit v 1), an endochitinase and a thaumatin-like protein (TLP) have been reported as grape allergens. A considerable number of patients have referred to our department for severe reactions to grapes, and several IgE binding proteins were detected. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify and characterise the allergens involved in severe allergic reactions to grapes and describe the population in which they occur. METHODS Patients with reported severe allergic reactions to grapes (n = 37) are described. Grape allergens were purified/fractionated by a combination of chromatographic techniques, identified by proteomic analysis and biochemically characterised. Immunoreactivity was assessed by blot (inhibitions) and RAST (inhibitions), and skin prick tests were performed with the isolated allergens. RESULTS All subjects were polyallergic, sensitised and reactive to several additional foods and pollen. All patients were sensitised to grape LTP. A 28-kDa expansin, a 37.5-kDa polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein, a 39-kDa beta-1,3-glucanase and a 60-kDa protein were identified as minor grape allergens. Endochitinase and TLP did not play a role. Inhibition experiments revealed the possible cross-reactive role of LTP for clinical sensitivities to other LTP-containing plant foods, but also the involvement of cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants of minor allergens in IgE cross-reactivity. CONCLUSIONS LTP is the major grape allergen, while additional minor allergens may contribute to clinical reactivity. Severe grape allergy presents in atopic patients who frequently react to other LTP-containing, plant-derived foods. The 'LTP syndrome' is the appropriate term to describe this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Vassilopoulou
- Allergy Research Centre, Second Pediatric Clinic, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Puumalainen TJ, Poikonen S, Kotovuori A, Vaali K, Kalkkinen N, Reunala T, Turjanmaa K, Palosuo T. Napins, 2S albumins, are major allergens in oilseed rape and turnip rape. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005; 117:426-32. [PMID: 16461144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2005] [Revised: 10/01/2005] [Accepted: 10/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with IgE-mediated allergy to foods frequently react to seeds of oilseed rape (Brassica napus ssp. oleifera) and turnip rape (Brassica rapa ssp. oleifera) in skin prick tests (SPTs). Sensitization pathways are not known. OBJECTIVE We identified possible major allergens in oilseed rape and turnip rape using sera from 72 atopic children (mean age, 3.3 years) with positive SPT responses to oilseed rape and turnip rape. METHODS Allergens from oilseed rape and turnip rape seed extracts were purified by using gel filtration and cation exchange chromatography and characterized by means of reversed-phase chromatography, N-terminal amino acid sequencing, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. IgE binding of sera from 72 children with positive SPT reactions to oilseed rape and turnip rape and 72 age- and sex-matched atopic control subjects with negative SPT responses were analyzed by means of IgE ELISA and immunoblotting. In vivo reactivity of the purified allergens was tested with SPTs in 6 children. RESULTS In IgE immunoblotting and IgE ELISA major reactivity was to a group of homologous, approximately 9.5- to 14.5-kd proteins. These allergens were identified as 2S albumins, also known as napins, by means of N-terminal amino acid sequencing. In ELISA approximately 80% of the patients had IgE to purified napins from both plants. In SPTs purified napins caused positive reactions in all 6 children tested. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that 2S albumins in oilseed rape and turnip rape are new potential food allergens. Further studies are needed to clarify the routes of exposure and mechanisms of sensitization.
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Swoboda I, Grote M, Verdino P, Keller W, Singh MB, De Weerd N, Sperr WR, Valent P, Balic N, Reichelt R, Suck R, Fiebig H, Valenta R, Spitzauer S. Molecular Characterization of Polygalacturonases as Grass Pollen-Specific Marker Allergens: Expulsion from Pollen via Submicronic Respirable Particles. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 172:6490-500. [PMID: 15128842 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.10.6490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Grass pollen belong to the most important allergen sources involved in the elicitation of allergic asthma. We have isolated cDNAs coding for Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) and timothy grass (Phleum pratense) pollen allergens, belonging to a family of pectin-degrading enzymes (i.e., polygalacturonases). The corresponding allergens, termed Cyn d 13 and Phl p 13, represent glycoproteins of approximately 42 kDa and isoelectric points of 7.5. rPhl p 13 was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. Immunogold electron microscopy using rabbit anti-rPhl p 13 Abs demonstrated that in dry pollen group 13, allergens represent primarily intracellular proteins, whereas exposure of pollen to rainwater caused a massive release of cytoplasmic material containing submicronic particles of respirable size, which were coated with group 13 allergens. The latter may explain respiratory sensitization to group 13 allergens and represents a possible pathomechanism in the induction of asthma attacks after heavy rainfalls. rPhl p 13 was recognized by 36% of grass pollen allergic patients, showed IgE binding capacity comparable to natural Phl p 13, and induced specific and dose-dependent basophil histamine release. Epitope mapping studies localized major IgE epitopes to the C terminus of the molecule outside the highly conserved functional polygalacturonase domains. The latter result explains why rPhl p 13 contains grass pollen-specific IgE epitopes and may be used to diagnose genuine sensitization to grass pollen. Our finding that rabbit anti-rPhl p 13 Abs blocked patients' IgE binding to the allergen suggests that rPhl p 13 may be used for immunotherapy of sensitized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Swoboda
- Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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