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Hong X, Liu X, Su B, Lin J. Improved Antimicrobial Activity of Bovine Lactoferrin Peptide (LFcinB) Based on Rational Design. Protein J 2023; 42:633-644. [PMID: 37568054 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-023-10142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Bovine lactoferrin peptide (LFcinB), as an antimicrobial peptide, is expected to be an alternative of antibiotics owing to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and specific mechanism. However, the weak antimicrobial activity, high hemolysis, and poor stability of LFcinB limited its applications in the field of biomedicine, food and agriculture. In order to improve the antimicrobial activity of LFcinB, five mutants were designed rationally, of which mutant LF4 (M10W/P16R/A24L) showed highest antimicrobial activity. The bioinformatics analysis indicated that the improved antimicrobial activity of LF4 was related to its increased cations, higher amphiphilicity and the extension of the β-sheet in the structure. These studies will highlight the important role of bioinformatic tools in designing ideal biopeptides and lay a foundation for further development of antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Hong
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Xueqian Liu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Bingmei Su
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China.
| | - Juan Lin
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China.
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2
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Wu J, Zang M, Wang S, Qiao X, Zhao B, Bai J, Zhao Y, Shi Y. Lactoferricin, an antimicrobial motif derived from lactoferrin with food preservation potential. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37158176 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2207650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The growth of bacteria and fungi may cause disease inf human or spoilage of food. New antimicrobial substances need to be discovered. Lactoferricin (LFcin) is a group of antimicrobial peptides derived from the N-terminal region of the milk protein lactoferrin (LF). LFcin has antimicrobial ability against a variety of microorganisms, which is significantly better than that of its parent version. Here, we review the sequences, structures, and antimicrobial activities of this family and elucidated the motifs of structural and functional significance, as well as its application in food. Using sequence and structural similarity searches, we identified 43 new LFcins from the mammalian LFs deposited in the protein databases, which are grouped into six families according to their origins (Primates, Rodentia, Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla, Pholidota, and Carnivora). This work expands the LFcin family and will facilitate further characterization of novel peptides with antimicrobial potential. Considering the antimicrobial effect of LFcin on foodborne pathogens, we describe the application of these peptides from the prospective of food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wu
- China Meat Research Center, Beijing Academy of Food Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Meat Processing Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Mingwu Zang
- China Meat Research Center, Beijing Academy of Food Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Meat Processing Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shouwei Wang
- China Meat Research Center, Beijing Academy of Food Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Meat Processing Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoling Qiao
- China Meat Research Center, Beijing Academy of Food Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Meat Processing Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- China Meat Research Center, Beijing Academy of Food Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Meat Processing Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Bai
- China Meat Research Center, Beijing Academy of Food Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Meat Processing Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- China Meat Research Center, Beijing Academy of Food Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Meat Processing Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxuan Shi
- China Meat Research Center, Beijing Academy of Food Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Meat Processing Technology, Beijing, China
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3
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Tuning the Anthranilamide Peptidomimetic Design to Selectively Target Planktonic Bacteria and Biofilm. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030585. [PMID: 36978452 PMCID: PMC10044445 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a pressing need to develop new antimicrobials to help combat the increase in antibiotic resistance that is occurring worldwide. In the current research, short amphiphilic antibacterial and antibiofilm agents were produced by tuning the hydrophobic and cationic groups of anthranilamide peptidomimetics. The attachment of a lysine cationic group at the tail position increased activity against E. coli by >16-fold (from >125 μM to 15.6 μM) and greatly reduced cytotoxicity against mammalian cells (from ≤20 μM to ≥150 μM). These compounds showed significant disruption of preformed biofilms of S. aureus at micromolar concentrations.
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Wesseling CJ, Martin NI. Synergy by Perturbing the Gram-Negative Outer Membrane: Opening the Door for Gram-Positive Specific Antibiotics. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:1731-1757. [PMID: 35946799 PMCID: PMC9469101 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
New approaches to target antibacterial agents toward Gram-negative bacteria are key, given the rise of antibiotic resistance. Since the discovery of polymyxin B nonapeptide as a potent Gram-negative outer membrane (OM)-permeabilizing synergist in the early 1980s, a vast amount of literature on such synergists has been published. This Review addresses a range of peptide-based and small organic compounds that disrupt the OM to elicit a synergistic effect with antibiotics that are otherwise inactive toward Gram-negative bacteria, with synergy defined as a fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of <0.5. Another requirement for the inclusion of the synergists here covered is their potentiation of a specific set of clinically used antibiotics: erythromycin, rifampicin, novobiocin, or vancomycin. In addition, we have focused on those synergists with reported activity against Gram-negative members of the ESKAPE family of pathogens namely, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and/or Acinetobacter baumannii. In cases where the FICI values were not directly reported in the primary literature but could be calculated from the published data, we have done so, allowing for more direct comparison of potency with other synergists. We also address the hemolytic activity of the various OM-disrupting synergists reported in the literature, an effect that is often downplayed but is of key importance in assessing the selectivity of such compounds for Gram-negative bacteria.
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5
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Tryptophan, more than just an interfacial amino acid in the membrane activity of cationic cell-penetrating and antimicrobial peptides. Q Rev Biophys 2022; 55:e10. [PMID: 35979810 DOI: 10.1017/s0033583522000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Trp is unique among the amino acids since it is involved in many different types of noncovalent interactions such as electrostatic and hydrophobic ones, but also in π-π, π-cation, π-anion and π-ion pair interactions. In membranotropic peptides and proteins, Trp locates preferentially at the water-membrane interface. In antimicrobial or cell-penetrating peptides (AMPs and CPPs respectively), Trp is well-known for its strong role in the capacity of these peptides to interact and affect the membrane organisation of both bacteria and animal cells at the level of the lipid bilayer. This essential amino acid can however be involved in other types of interactions, not only with lipids, but also with other membrane partners, that are crucial to understand the functional roles of membranotropic peptides. This review is focused on this latter less known role of Trp and describes in details, both in qualitative and quantitative ways: (i) the physico-chemical properties of Trp; (ii) its effect in CPP internalisation; (iii) its importance in AMP activity; (iv) its role in the interaction of AMPs with glycoconjugates or lipids in bacteria membranes and the consequences on the activity of the peptides; (v) its role in the interaction of CPPs with negatively charged polysaccharides or lipids of animal membranes and the consequences on the activity of the peptides. We intend to bring highlights of the physico-chemical properties of Trp and describe its extensive possibilities of interactions, not only at the well-known level of the lipid bilayer, but with other less considered cell membrane components, such as carbohydrates and the extracellular matrix. The focus on these interactions will allow the reader to reevaluate reported studies. Altogether, our review gathers dedicated studies to show how unique are Trp properties, which should be taken into account to design future membranotropic peptides with expected antimicrobial or cell-penetrating activity.
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Ashokbhai JK, Basaiawmoit B, Das S, Sakure A, Maurya R, Bishnoi M, Kondepudi KK, Padhi S, Rai AK, Liu Z, Hatia S. Antioxidative, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities and release of ultra-filtered antioxidative and antimicrobial peptides during fermentation of sheep milk: In-vitro, in-silico and molecular interaction studies. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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7
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Svenson J, Molchanova N, Schroeder CI. Antimicrobial Peptide Mimics for Clinical Use: Does Size Matter? Front Immunol 2022; 13:915368. [PMID: 35720375 PMCID: PMC9204644 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.915368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for efficient antimicrobial therapies that can alleviate suffering caused by infections from resistant bacteria is more urgent than ever before. Infections caused by multi-resistant pathogens represent a significant and increasing burden to healthcare and society and researcher are investigating new classes of bioactive compounds to slow down this development. Antimicrobial peptides from the innate immune system represent one promising class that offers a potential solution to the antibiotic resistance problem due to their mode of action on the microbial membranes. However, challenges associated with pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and off-target toxicity are slowing down the advancement and use of innate defensive peptides. Improving the therapeutic properties of these peptides is a strategy for reducing the clinical limitations and synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides are emerging as a promising class of molecules for a variety of antimicrobial applications. These compounds can be made significantly shorter while maintaining, or even improving antimicrobial properties, and several downsized synthetic mimics are now in clinical development for a range of infectious diseases. A variety of strategies can be employed to prepare these small compounds and this review describes the different compounds developed to date by adhering to a minimum pharmacophore based on an amphiphilic balance between cationic charge and hydrophobicity. These compounds can be made as small as dipeptides, circumventing the need for large compounds with elaborate three-dimensional structures to generate simplified and potent antimicrobial mimics for a range of medical applications. This review highlight key and recent development in the field of small antimicrobial peptide mimics as a promising class of antimicrobials, illustrating just how small you can go.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia Molchanova
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Christina I. Schroeder
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
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8
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Nakamura M, Tsuda N, Miyata T, Ikenaga M. Antimicrobial effect and mechanism of bovine lactoferrin against the potato common scab pathogen Streptomyces scabiei. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264094. [PMID: 35213576 PMCID: PMC8880714 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional protein with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of LF against the potato common scab pathogen Streptomyces scabiei, which causes severe damage to potato tubers. LF derived from bovine (bLF) had much higher activity against S. scabiei than human LF. The minimal inhibitory concentration of bLF was 3.9 μM. The effects of both apo-bLF (iron-free) and holo-bLF (iron-saturated) on S. scabiei were not different. Bovine lactoferricin (LFcinB), a short peptide with a length of 25 amino acid residues located in the N-terminal region of bLF, showed antimicrobial activity against S. scabiei, similar to that of bLF. These results indicated that the antimicrobial activity of bLF against S. scabiei cannot be attributed to its iron-chelating effect but to the bioactivity of its peptides. When S. scabiei was treated with the fusion protein of mCherry-LFcinB (red fluorescent protein) expressed in Escherichia coli, the pseudohyphal cells instantly glowed, indicating that the peptide electrostatically binds to the surface of S. scabiei. An assay of synthetic peptides, with modified number of arginine (Arg) and tryptophan (Trp) residues based on the antimicrobial center (RRWQWR) of LFcinB showed that Trp residues are implicated in the antimicrobial activity against S. scabiei; however, Arg residues are also necessary to carry Trp residues to the cell surface to fully exert its activity. Although the single amino acid effect of Trp had low activity, Trp derivatives showed much higher activity against S. scabiei, suggesting that the derivatives effectively bind to the cell surface (cell membrane) by themselves without a carrier. Thus, amino acid derivatives might be considered effective and alternative antimicrobial substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Nakamura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Naoaki Tsuda
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyata
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Makoto Ikenaga
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Gruden Š, Poklar Ulrih N. Diverse Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Activities of Lactoferrins, Lactoferricins, and Other Lactoferrin-Derived Peptides. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011264. [PMID: 34681923 PMCID: PMC8541349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrins are an iron-binding glycoprotein that have important protective roles in the mammalian body through their numerous functions, which include antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities. Among these, their antimicrobial activity has been the most studied, although the mechanism behind antimicrobial activities remains to be elucidated. Thirty years ago, the first lactoferrin-derived peptide was isolated and showed higher antimicrobial activity than the native lactoferrin lactoferricin. Since then, numerous studies have investigated the antimicrobial potencies of lactoferrins, lactoferricins, and other lactoferrin-derived peptides to better understand their antimicrobial activities at the molecular level. This review defines the current antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antiparasitic activities of lactoferrins, lactoferricins, and lactoferrin-derived peptides. The primary focus is on their different mechanisms of activity against bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. The role of their structure, amino-acid composition, conformation, charge, hydrophobicity, and other factors that affect their mechanisms of antimicrobial activity are also reviewed.
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10
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Kang HK, Park J, Seo CH, Park Y. PEP27-2, a Potent Antimicrobial Cell-Penetrating Peptide, Reduces Skin Abscess Formation during Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Mouse When Used in Combination with Antibiotics. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:2620-2636. [PMID: 34251811 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PEP27, a 27-amino acid (aa) peptide secreted by Streptococcus pneumoniae, is an autolytic peptide that functions as a major virulence factor. To develop a clinically applicable antimicrobial peptide (AMP), we designed PEP27 analogs with Trp substitutions to enhance its antimicrobial activity compared to that of PEP27. Particularly, PEP27-2 showed strong antimicrobial activity against a wide variety of bacteria, including multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. It was found that the antimicrobial activity of PEP27-2 was increased by substituting Trp for the aa at the middle position of PEP27. We found that PEP27-2 acts as an effective cell-penetrating peptide in bacterial and mammalian cells. Here, we proved that subcutaneous infection with MDR Staphylococcus aureus induced skin lesions such as skeletal muscle damage, deep inflammation, and necrosis of the overlaying dermis in mice. Combination treatment with antibiotics revealed synergistic effects, remarkably reducing abscess size and improving the bacteria removal rate from the infection site. Moreover, PEP27-2-antibiotic combination treatment reduced inflammation, lowering levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) in skin abscess tissue. The results suggest that the PEP27-2 peptide is a promising therapeutic option for combating MDR bacterial strains by enhancing antibiotic penetration and protecting against MDR bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Kyoung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Jonggwan Park
- Department of Bioinformatics, Kongju National University, Kongju 32588, Korea
| | - Chang Ho Seo
- Department of Bioinformatics, Kongju National University, Kongju 32588, Korea
| | - Yoonkyung Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Research Center for Proteineous Materials (RCPM), Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
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11
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Toledo EB, Lucas DR, Simão TLBV, Calixto SD, Lassounskaia E, Muzitano MF, Damica FZ, Gomes VM, de Oliveira Carvalho A. Design of improved synthetic antifungal peptides with targeted variations in charge, hydrophobicity and chirality based on a correlation study between biological activity and primary structure of plant defensin γ-cores. Amino Acids 2021; 53:219-237. [PMID: 33483849 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02929-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Microbial resistance to available drugs is a growing health threat imposing the need for the development of new drugs. The scaffold of plant defensins, including their γ-cores, are particularly good candidates for drug design. This work aimed to improve the antifungal activity of a previous design peptide, named A36,42,44γ32-46VuDef (for short DD) against yeasts by altering its biochemical parameters. We explore the correlation of the biological activity and structure of plant defensins and compared their primary structures by superimposition with VuDef1 and DD which indicated us the favorable position and the amino acid to be changed. Three new peptides with modifications in charge, hydrophobicity (RR and WR) and chirality (D-RR) were designed and tested against pathogenic yeasts. Inhibition was determined by absorbance. Viability of mammalian cells was determined by MTT. The three designed peptides had better inhibitory activity against the yeasts with better potency and spectrum of yeast species inhibition, with low toxicity to mammalian cells. WR, the most hydrophobic and cationic, exhibited better antifungal activity and lower toxicity. Our study provides experimental evidence that targeted changes in the primary structure of peptides based on plant defensins γ-core primary structures prove to be a good tool for the synthesis of new compounds that may be useful as alternative antifungal drugs. The method described did not have the drawback of synthesis of several peptides, because alterations are guided. When compared to other methods, the design process described is efficient and viable to those with scarce resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefany Braz Toledo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, nº 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, CEP 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Douglas Ribeiro Lucas
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, nº 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, CEP 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Thatiana Lopes Biá Ventura Simão
- Laboratório de Biologia do Reconhecer, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Sanderson Dias Calixto
- Laboratório de Biologia do Reconhecer, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Elena Lassounskaia
- Laboratório de Biologia do Reconhecer, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Michele Frazão Muzitano
- Laboratório de Produtos Bioativos, Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé, Pólo Novo Cavaleiro-IMMT, Macaé, RJ, 27933-378, Brazil
| | - Filipe Zanirati Damica
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, nº 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, CEP 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Valdirene Moreira Gomes
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, nº 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, CEP 28013-602, Brazil
| | - André de Oliveira Carvalho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, nº 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, CEP 28013-602, Brazil.
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12
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Pirkhezranian Z, Tahmoorespur M, Monhemi H, Sekhavati MH. Computational Peptide Engineering Approach for Selection the Best Engendered Camel Lactoferrin-Derive Peptide with Potency to Interact with DNA. Int J Pept Res Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-10012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Liu S, Wang J, Feng Y, Ye Q, Wen L, Xu G, Zou J. Effects of compound antimicrobial peptides on the growth performance, antioxidant and immune responses and disease resistance of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 107:163-170. [PMID: 33010466 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the compound antimicrobial peptides was added to the basic diet to probe its effects on grass carp for 8 weeks. There were 6 groups in our study, including M0 (0 mg/kg) and 5 additional groups: M1 (100 mg/kg), M2 (200 mg/kg), M3 (400 mg/kg), M4 (800 mg/kg) and M5 (1600 mg/kg). The results are as follows: (1) The grass carp's FBW, WGR and SGR in M4 were significantly increased than M0 (p < 0.05). (2) In the hepatopancreas, the amylase activity of M2, M3 and M5 were significant up-regulation than other groups (p < 0.05). (3) The activity of T-AOC in the M3 and M4 was significantly higher compared to the other groups in grass carp hepatopancreas, while MDA was significantly reduced compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The activity of SOD in M5 was significantly increased than the other groups (p < 0.05). (4) The expression of MnSOD (except head kidney), IL8 and TNF-α and IL-1β (except hepatopancreas) were significantly increased (p < 0.05), while TGF-β and were significantly reduced in the hepatopancreas, spleen and head kidney at M3 (p < 0.05), and IL10 were significantly decreased in the hepatopancreas at M3 (p < 0.05). In addition, expression of IL8 and TNF-α were significant down-regulation, whereas TGF-β (expect head kidney) were significant up-regulation in hepatopancreas, spleen and head kidney in M3 after challenge with A. hydrophila. The expression of IL-1β in spleen and head kidney were also down-regulated, whereas IL10 were significantly up-regulated in the hepatopancreas at M3 after challenge with A. hydrophila (p < 0.05). The results of this study showed that grass carp fed a diet supplemented compound antimicrobial peptides was added with 400-800 mg/kg, which could improve the growth performance, antioxidant and digestive capabilities, and could also enhance the expression of immune-related genes and control to A. hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Liu
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Yongyong Feng
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qiao Ye
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Liufa Wen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, China
| | - Guohuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China.
| | - Jixing Zou
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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14
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Secondary Structural Transformation of Bovine Lactoferricin Affects Its Antibacterial Activity. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 13:873-884. [PMID: 33188636 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09726-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Lactoferricin (Lfcin) is a potent antibacterial peptide derived from lactoferrin by pepsin hydrolysis. It was hypothesized that structural transformation of Lfcin could affect its antibacterial function through forming and breaking of intramolecular disulfide bond. To prove this hypothesis, bovine Lfcin (bLfcin) and its two derivatives, bLfcin with a disulfide bond (bLfcin DB) and bLfcin with a mutation C36G (bLfcin C36G), were synthesized, purified, and identified. The circular dichroism (CD) spectra of the peptides were detected in solutions with different ionic and hydrophobic strength. Then, the secondary structure contents of the peptides were calculated on the basis of the CD spectra. The antibacterial activity of the peptides against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, Shigella flexneri ATCC 12022, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 was evaluated. The results showed that bLfcin and bLfcin C36G had similar percentages of secondary structure in water, while bLfcin and bLfcin DB had similar ratios of secondary structure under less hydrophobic conditions. The synthetic peptides exhibited antibacterial activity against all the tested bacteria, except for S. aureus ATCC 25923. bLfcin demonstrated higher antibacterial activity compared with its derivatives. The results suggested that bLfcin could transform its structure under alterative ionic strengths and hydrophobic conditions, and the transformation of structures was beneficial to enhancing the antibacterial function.
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15
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Pei J, Xiong L, Chu M, Guo X, Yan P. Effect of intramolecular disulfide bond of bovine lactoferricin on its molecular structure and antibacterial activity against Trueperella pyogenes separated from cow milk with mastitis. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:401. [PMID: 33097042 PMCID: PMC7585202 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02620-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lactoferricin (Lfcin) is an antimicrobial activity center of lactoferrin, produced by hydrolysis from the N-terminal of lactoferrin. It was hypothesized that the intramolecular disulfide bond in Lfcin could affect its antibacterial function through influencing its molecular structure. To prove this hypothesis, bovine Lfcin (bLfcin) and its two derivatives, bLfcin with an intramolecular disulfate bond (bLfcin DB) and bLfcin with a mutation C36G (bLfcin C36G), were synthesized, purified, and identified. The circular dichroism spectra of the peptides were detected in solutions with different ionic and hydrophobic strength. The antibacterial activity of the peptides against Trueperella pyogenes, separated from cow milk with mastitis, were determined. Results The secondary structure of bLfcin DB showed more β-turn and less random coil than the other peptides in H2O, similar ratios of secondary structures with bLfcin and bLfcin C36G under ionic conditions, and close percentages of secondary structure with bLfcin under hydrophobic conditions. The synthetic peptides exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against T. pyogenes isolates, T. pyogenes ATCC 19,411, and E. coli ATCC 25,922. The antimicrobial activities of the three peptides were greater against T. pyogenes than against E. coli, and bLfcin DB exhibited higher antibacterial activity compared with its derivatives. Conclusions The intramolecular disulfide bond could change the molecular structure of bLfcin under alternative ionic strengths and hydrophobic effects, and the formation of the disulfide bond is beneficial to executing the antibacterial function of bLfcin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Pei
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 730050, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, 730050, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lin Xiong
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 730050, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, 730050, Lanzhou, China
| | - Min Chu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 730050, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, 730050, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xian Guo
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 730050, Lanzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, 730050, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Ping Yan
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 730050, Lanzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory for Yak Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Engineering of Gansu Province, 730050, Lanzhou, China.
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16
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Frederiksen N, Hansen PR, Zabicka D, Tomczak M, Urbas M, Domraceva I, Björkling F, Franzyk H. Alternating Cationic-Hydrophobic Peptide/Peptoid Hybrids: Influence of Hydrophobicity on Antibacterial Activity and Cell Selectivity. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:2544-2561. [PMID: 33029927 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The influence of hydrophobicity on antibacterial activity versus the effect on the viability of mammalian cells for peptide/peptoid hybrids was examined for oligomers based on the cationic Lys-like peptoid residue combined with each of 28 hydrophobic amino acids in an alternating sequence. Their relative hydrophobicity was correlated to activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive species, human red blood cells, and HepG2 cells. This identified hydrophobic side chains that confer potent antibacterial activity (e. g., MICs of 2-8 μg/mL against E. coli) and low toxicity toward mammalian cells (<10 % hemolysis at 400 μg/mL and IC50 >800 μg/mL for HepG2 viability). Most peptidomimetics retained activity against drug-resistant strains. These findings corroborate the hypothesis that for related peptidomimetics two hydrophobicity thresholds may be identified: i) it should exceed a certain level in order to confer antibacterial activity, and ii) there is an upper limit, beyond which cell selectivity is lost. It is envisioned that once identified for a given subclass of peptide-like antibacterials such thresholds can guide further optimisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicki Frederiksen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul R Hansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorota Zabicka
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, ul. Chełmska 30/34, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Tomczak
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, ul. Chełmska 30/34, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Urbas
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, ul. Chełmska 30/34, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ilona Domraceva
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Fredrik Björkling
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Franzyk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Lone A, Arnous A, Hansen PR, Mojsoska B, Jenssen H. Synthesis of Peptoids Containing Multiple Nhtrp and Ntrp Residues: A Comparative Study of Resin, Cleavage Conditions and Submonomer Protection. Front Chem 2020; 8:370. [PMID: 32411678 PMCID: PMC7201050 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptoids hold status as peptide-mimetics with versatile biological applications due to their proteolytic stability and structural diversity. Among those that have been studied in different biological systems, are peptoids with dominant balanced hydrophobic and charge distribution along the backbone. Tryptophan is an important amino acid found in many biologically active peptides. Tryptophan-like side chains in peptoids allow H-bonding, which is absent from the parent backbone, due to the unique indole ring. Furthermore, the rigid hydrophobic core and flat aromatic system influence the positioning in the hydrocarbon core and allows accommodating tryptophan-like side chains into the interfacial regions of bacterial membranes and causing bacterial membrane damage. Incorporating multiple tryptophan-like side chains in peptoids can be tricky and there is a lack of suitable, synthetic routes established. In this paper, we investigate the synthesis of peptoids rich in Nhtrp and Ntrp residues using different resins, cleavage conditions, and unprotected as well as tert-butyloxycarbonyl-protected amines suitable for automated solid-phase submonomer peptoid synthesis protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Lone
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anis Arnous
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Paul Robert Hansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Biljana Mojsoska
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Håvard Jenssen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
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18
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Correia C, Xavier CPR, Duarte D, Ferreira A, Moreira S, Vasconcelos MH, Vale N. Development of potent CPP6-gemcitabine conjugates against human prostate cancer cell line (PC-3). RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:268-273. [PMID: 33479633 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00489k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine (dFdC) is a nucleoside analogue used in the treatment of various cancers, being a standard treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer. The effect of gemcitabine is severely compromised due to its rapid plasma degradation, systemic toxicity and drug resistance, which restricts its therapeutic efficacy. Our main goal was to develop new active conjugates of dFdC with novel cell-penetrating hexapeptides (CPP6) to facilitate intracellular delivery of this drug. All new peptides were prepared by solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), purified and characterized by HPLC and LC-MS. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) contain a considerably high ratio of positively charged amino acids, imparting them with cationic character. Tumor cells are characterized by an increased anionic nature of their membrane surface, a property that could be used by CPP to target these cells. The BxPC-3, MCF-7 and PC-3 cancer cell lines were used to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity of conjugates and the results showed that conjugating dFdC with CPP6 significantly enhanced cell growth inhibitory activity on PC-3 cells, with IC50 between 14 and 15 nM. These new conjugates have potential to become new therapeutic tools for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Correia
- Laboratory of Pharmacology , Department of Drug Sciences , Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Porto , Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228 , 4050-313 Porto , Portugal . .,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP) , Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho , 45 , 4200-135 Porto , Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S) , University of Porto , Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 , 4200-135 Porto , Portugal
| | - Cristina P R Xavier
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP) , Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho , 45 , 4200-135 Porto , Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S) , University of Porto , Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 , 4200-135 Porto , Portugal
| | - Diana Duarte
- Laboratory of Pharmacology , Department of Drug Sciences , Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Porto , Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228 , 4050-313 Porto , Portugal . .,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP) , Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho , 45 , 4200-135 Porto , Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S) , University of Porto , Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 , 4200-135 Porto , Portugal
| | - Abigail Ferreira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology , Department of Drug Sciences , Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Porto , Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228 , 4050-313 Porto , Portugal . .,LAQV/REQUIMTE , Department of Chemical Sciences , Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Porto , Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228 , 4050-313 Porto , Portugal
| | - Sara Moreira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology , Department of Drug Sciences , Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Porto , Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228 , 4050-313 Porto , Portugal . .,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP) , Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho , 45 , 4200-135 Porto , Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S) , University of Porto , Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 , 4200-135 Porto , Portugal
| | - M Helena Vasconcelos
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP) , Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho , 45 , 4200-135 Porto , Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S) , University of Porto , Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 , 4200-135 Porto , Portugal.,Laboratory of Microbiology , Department of Biological Sciences , Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Porto , Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 , 4050-313 Porto , Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- Laboratory of Pharmacology , Department of Drug Sciences , Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Porto , Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228 , 4050-313 Porto , Portugal . .,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP) , Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho , 45 , 4200-135 Porto , Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S) , University of Porto , Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 , 4200-135 Porto , Portugal.,Department of Molecular Pathology and Immunology , Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS) , University of Porto , Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228 , 4050-313 Porto , Portugal
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19
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Barragán-Cárdenas A, Urrea-Pelayo M, Niño-Ramírez VA, Umaña-Pérez A, Vernot JP, Parra-Giraldo CM, Fierro-Medina R, Rivera-Monroy Z, García-Castañeda J. Selective cytotoxic effect against the MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cell line of the antibacterial palindromic peptide derived from bovine lactoferricin. RSC Adv 2020; 10:17593-17601. [PMID: 35515633 PMCID: PMC9053608 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02688c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytotoxic effect against the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-468 of the palindromic peptide LfcinB (21–25)Pal: 1RWQWRWQWR9 and its analogous peptides, obtained via alanine scanning, was evaluated. The results indicate that the palindromic peptide exhibited a concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect against this cell line. The cytotoxic effect of the palindromic peptide was fast and selective and was sustained for up to 48 h of treatment. MDA-MB-468 cells treated with the palindromic peptide exhibited severe cellular damage, acquiring rounded forms and shrinkage, a behavior typical of apoptotic events. The analogous peptides exhibited fewer cytotoxic effects than the original palindromic peptide, suggesting that the substitution of any amino acid with alanine diminishes the cytotoxic effect. The Arg and Trp residues proved to be the most relevant for the cytotoxic effect; the analogous peptides with substitutions of Trp with Ala did not induce a change in cellular morphology, while analogous peptides with substitutions of Arg or Gln with Ala induced cellular damage. Also, neither the palindromic peptide nor its analogues exerted a significant cytotoxic effect on normal fibroblasts, indicating that the peptides had a selective cytotoxic effect on cancerous cells. The peptide LfcinB (21–25)Pal, and its analogues exhibited antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus strains and a selective cytotoxic effect against the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-468. The cytotoxic effect against the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-468 of the palindromic peptide LfcinB (21–25)Pal: 1RWQWRWQWR9 and its analogous peptides, obtained via alanine scanning, was evaluated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jean Paul Vernot
- Facultad de Medicina
- Departamento de Ciencias fisiológicas
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- 11321 Bogotá
- Colombia
| | | | | | - Zuly Rivera-Monroy
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- 11321 Bogotá
- Colombia
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20
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Svendsen JSM, Grant TM, Rennison D, Brimble MA, Svenson J. Very Short and Stable Lactoferricin-Derived Antimicrobial Peptides: Design Principles and Potential Uses. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:749-759. [PMID: 30829472 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The alarming rate at which micro-organisms are developing resistance to conventional antibiotics represents one of the global challenges of our time. There is currently ample space in the antibacterial drug pipeline, and scientists are trying to find innovative and novel strategies to target the microbial enemies. Nature has remained a source of inspiration for most of the antibiotics developed and used, and the immune molecules produced by the innate defense systems, as a first line of defense, have been heralded as the next source of antibiotics. Most living organisms produce an arsenal of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to rapidly fend off intruding pathogens, and several different attempts have been made to transform this versatile group of compounds into the next generation of antibiotics. However, faced with the many hurdles of using peptides as drugs, the success of these defense molecules as therapeutics remains to be realized. AMPs derived from the proteolytic degradation of the innate defense protein lactoferrin have been shown to display several favorable antimicrobial properties. In an attempt to investigate the biological and pharmacological properties of these much shorter AMPs, the sequence dependence was investigated, and it was shown, through a series of truncation experiments, that these AMPs in fact can be prepared as tripeptides, with improved antimicrobial activity, via the incorporation of unnatural hydrophobic residues and terminal cappings. In this Account, we describe how this class of promising cationic tripeptides has been developed to specifically address the main challenges limiting the general use of AMPs. This has been made possible through the identification of the antibacterial pharmacophore and via the incorporation of a range of unnatural hydrophobic and cationic amino acids. Incorporation of these residues at selected positions has allowed us to extensively establish how these compounds interact with the major proteolytic enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin and also the two major drug-binding plasma proteins serum albumin and α-1 glycoprotein. Several of the challenges associated with using AMPs relate to their size, susceptibility to rapid proteolytic degradation, and poor oral bioavailability. Our studies have addressed these issues in detail, and the results have allowed us to effectively design and prepare active and metabolically stable AMPs that have been evaluated in a range of functional settings. The optimized short AMPs display inhibitory activities against a plethora of micro-organisms at low micromolar concentrations, and they have been shown to target resistant strains of both bacteria and fungi alike with a very rapid mode of action. Our Account further describes how these compounds behave in in vivo experiments and highlights both the challenges and possibilities of the intriguing compounds. In several areas, they have been shown to exhibit comparable or superior activity to established antibacterial, antifungal, and antifouling commercial products. This illustrates their ability to effectively target and eradicate various microbes in a variety of settings ranging from the ocean to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas M. Grant
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - David Rennison
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Johan Svenson
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, SE-501 15 Borås, Sweden
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21
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Tanhaeian A, Shahriari Ahmadi F, Sekhavati MH, Mamarabadi M. Expression and Purification of the Main Component Contained in Camel Milk and Its Antimicrobial Activities Against Bacterial Plant Pathogens. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 10:787-793. [PMID: 29619665 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9416-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lactoferrin is the most dominant protein in milk after casein. This protein plays a crucial role in many biological processes including the regulation of iron metabolism, induction and modulation of the immune system, the primary defense against microorganisms, inhibiting lipid peroxidation and presenting antimicrobial activity against various pathogens such as parasites, fungi, bacteria, and viruses. The major antimicrobial effect of lactoferrin is related to its N-terminal tail where different peptides for instance lactoferricin and lactoferrampin which are important for their antimicrobial abilities are present. The growth rate of bacterial cells in camel milk is lower than that of the cow milk due to having more antimicrobial compounds. In this study, we have fused a codon-optimized partial camel lactoferrcin and lactoferrampin DNA sequences in order to construct a fused peptide via a lysine. This chimeric 42-mer peptide consists of complete and partial amino acid sequence of camel lactoferrampin and lactoferricin, respectively. Human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293) cells were used for synthesizing this recombinant peptide. Finally, the antibacterial activities of this constructed peptide were investigated under in vitro condition. The result showed that, all construction, cloning and expression processes were successfully performed in HEK-293. One His-tag tail was added to the chimera in order to optimize the isolation and purification processes and also reduce the cost of production. Additionally, His-tag retained the antimicrobial activity of the chimera. The antimicrobial tests showed that the growth rate in the majority of bacterial plant pathogens, including gram negative and positive bacteria, was inhibited by recombinant chimera as the level of MIC values were evaluated between 0.39 and 25.07 μg/ml for different bacterial isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Tanhaeian
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashahad, Iran
| | - Farajollah Shahriari Ahmadi
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashahad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Sekhavati
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashahad, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Mamarabadi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashahad, Iran.
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22
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Tryptophan-Rich and Proline-Rich Antimicrobial Peptides. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040815. [PMID: 29614844 PMCID: PMC6017362 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing emergence of drug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms, there is a world-wide quest to develop new-generation antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small peptides with a broad spectrum of antibiotic activities against bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses and sometimes exhibit cytotoxic activity toward cancer cells. As a part of the native host defense system, most AMPs target the membrane integrity of the microorganism, leading to cell death by lysis. These membrane lytic effects are often toxic to mammalian cells and restrict their systemic application. However, AMPs containing predominantly either tryptophan or proline can kill microorganisms by targeting intracellular pathways and are therefore a promising source of next-generation antibiotics. A minimum length of six amino acids is required for high antimicrobial activity in tryptophan-rich AMPs and the position of these residues also affects their antimicrobial activity. The aromatic side chain of tryptophan is able to rapidly form hydrogen bonds with membrane bilayer components. Proline-rich AMPs interact with the 70S ribosome and disrupt protein synthesis. In addition, they can also target the heat shock protein in target pathogens, and consequently lead to protein misfolding. In this review, we will focus on describing the structures, sources, and mechanisms of action of the aforementioned AMPs.
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23
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Sharma N, Huynh DL, Kim SW, Ghosh M, Sodhi SS, Singh AK, Kim NE, Lee SJ, Hussain K, Oh SJ, Jeong DK. A PiggyBac mediated approach for lactoferricin gene transfer in bovine mammary epithelial stem cells for management of bovine mastitis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:104272-104285. [PMID: 29262639 PMCID: PMC5732805 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of lactoferricin have been ascribed to its ability to sequester essential iron. The objective of the study was to clone bovine lactoferricin (LFcinB) gene into PiggyBac Transposon vector, expression study in the bovine mammary epithelial stem cells (bMESCs) and also to determine the antimicrobial property of recombinant LFcinB against bovine mastitis-causing organisms. The PiggyBac-LFcinB was transfected into bMESCs by electroporation and a three fold of LFcinB secretion was observed in the transfected bMESCs medium by ELISA assay. Furthermore, the assessment of antimicrobial activity against mastitis causing pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli demonstrated convincing evidence to prove strong antibacterial activity of LFcinB with 14.0±1.0 mm and 18.0±1.5 mm zone of inhibition against both organisms, respectively. The present study provides the convincing evidence to suggest the potential of PiggyBac transposon system to transfer antibacterial peptide into bMESCs or cow mammary gland and also pave the way to use bovine mammary gland as the bioreactors. Simultaneously, it also suggest toward commercial utilization of LFcinB bioreactor system in pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelesh Sharma
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea.,Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Do Luong Huynh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Animal Genetic Resources Station, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Namwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mrinmoy Ghosh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Simrinder Singh Sodhi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Eun Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kafil Hussain
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Sung Jong Oh
- National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kee Jeong
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
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24
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Moniruzzaman M, Islam MZ, Sharmin S, Dohra H, Yamazaki M. Entry of a Six-Residue Antimicrobial Peptide Derived from Lactoferricin B into Single Vesicles and Escherichia coli Cells without Damaging their Membranes. Biochemistry 2017; 56:4419-4431. [PMID: 28752991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lactoferricin B (LfcinB) and shorter versions of this peptide have antimicrobial activity. However, the elementary processes of interactions of these peptides with lipid membranes and bacteria are still not well understood. To elucidate the mechanism of their antimicrobial activity, we investigated the interactions of LfcinB (4-9) (its sequence of RRWQWR) with Escherichia coli cells and giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). LfcinB (4-9) and lissamine rhodamine B red-labeled LfcinB (4-9) (Rh-LfcinB (4-9)) did not induce an influx of a membrane-impermeant fluorescent probe, SYTOX green, from the outside of E. coli cells into their cytoplasm, indicating that no damage occurred in their plasma membrane. To examine the activity of LfcinB (4-9) to enter E. coli cytoplasm, we investigated the interaction of Rh-LfcinB (4-9) with single cells of E. coli containing calcein using confocal microscopy. We found that Rh-LfcinB (4-9) entered the cytoplasm without leakage of calcein. Next, we investigated the interactions of Rh-LfcinB (4-9) with single GUVs of dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG) and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) mixtures containing a fluorescent probe, Alexa Fluor 647 hydrazide (AF647), using the single GUV method. The results indicate that Rh-LfcinB (4-9) outside the GUV translocated through the GUV membrane and entered its lumen without leakage of AF647. Interaction of Rh-LfcinB (4-9) with DNA increased its fluorescence intensity greatly. Therefore, we can conclude that Rh-LfcinB (4-9) can translocate across lipid membrane regions of the plasma membrane of E. coli cells to enter their cytoplasm without leakage of calcein and its antimicrobial activity is not due to damage of their plasma membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Moniruzzaman
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, ‡Instrumental Research Support Office, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, §Nanomaterials Research Division, Research Institute of Electronics, ∥Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Shizuoka University , Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Md Zahidul Islam
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, ‡Instrumental Research Support Office, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, §Nanomaterials Research Division, Research Institute of Electronics, ∥Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Shizuoka University , Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Sabrina Sharmin
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, ‡Instrumental Research Support Office, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, §Nanomaterials Research Division, Research Institute of Electronics, ∥Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Shizuoka University , Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Hideo Dohra
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, ‡Instrumental Research Support Office, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, §Nanomaterials Research Division, Research Institute of Electronics, ∥Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Shizuoka University , Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamazaki
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, ‡Instrumental Research Support Office, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, §Nanomaterials Research Division, Research Institute of Electronics, ∥Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Shizuoka University , Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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Huertas NDJ, Monroy ZJR, Medina RF, Castañeda JEG. Antimicrobial Activity of Truncated and Polyvalent Peptides Derived from the FKCRRQWQWRMKKGLA Sequence against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060987. [PMID: 28613262 PMCID: PMC6152618 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides derived from LfcinB were designed and synthesized, and their antibacterial activity was tested against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Specifically, a peptide library was constructed by systemically removing the flanking residues (N or C-terminal) of Lfcin 17–31 (17FKCRRWQWRMKKLGA31), maintaining in all peptides the 20RRWQWR25 sequence that corresponds to the minimal antimicrobial motif. For this research, also included were (i) a peptide containing an Ala instead of Cys ([Ala19]-LfcinB 17–31) and (ii) polyvalent peptides containing the RRWQWR sequence and a non-natural amino acid (aminocaproic acid). We established that the lineal peptides LfcinB 17–25 and LfcinB 17–26 exhibited the greatest activity against E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. aureus ATCC 25923, respectively. On the other hand, polyvalent peptides, a dimer and a tetramer, exhibited the greatest antibacterial activity, indicating that multiple copies of the sequence increase the activity. Our results suggest that the dimeric and tetrameric sequence forms potentiate the antibacterial activity of lineal sequences that have exhibited moderate antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataly de Jesús Huertas
- Chemistry Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá Carrera 45 No. 26-85, Building 451, Office 409, Laboratory 334, Bogotá 11321, Colombia.
| | - Zuly Jenny Rivera Monroy
- Chemistry Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá Carrera 45 No. 26-85, Building 451, Office 409, Laboratory 334, Bogotá 11321, Colombia.
| | - Ricardo Fierro Medina
- Chemistry Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá Carrera 45 No. 26-85, Building 451, Office 409, Laboratory 334, Bogotá 11321, Colombia.
| | - Javier Eduardo García Castañeda
- Pharmacy Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá Carrera 45 No. 26-85, Building 450, office 203, Bogotá 11321, Colombia.
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Ding H, Fox I, Patil R, Galstyan A, Black KL, Ljubimova JY, Holler E. Polymalic Acid Tritryptophan Copolymer Interacts with Lipid Membrane Resulting in Membrane Solubilization. JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS 2017; 2017:4238697. [PMID: 29081792 PMCID: PMC5656384 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4238697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Anionic polymers with membrane permeation functionalities are highly desirable for secure cytoplasmic drug delivery. We have developed tritryptophan containing copolymer (P/WWW) of polymalic acid (PMLA) that permeates membranes by a mechanism different from previously described PMLA copolymers of trileucine (P/LLL) and leucine ethyl ester (P/LOEt) that use the "barrel stave" and "carpet" mechanism, respectively. The novel mechanism leads to solubilization of membranes by forming copolymer "belts" around planar membrane "packages." The formation of such packages is supported by results obtained from studies including size-exclusion chromatography, confocal microscopy, and fluorescence energy transfer. According to this "belt" mechanism, it is hypothesized that P/WWW first attaches to the membrane surface. Subsequently the hydrophobic tryptophan side chains translocate into the periphery and insert into the lipid bilayer thereby cutting the membrane into packages. The reaction is driven by the high affinity between the tryptophan residues and lipid side chains resulting in a stable configuration. The formation of the membrane packages requires physical agitation suggesting that the success of the translocation depends on the fluidity of the membrane. It is emphasized that the "belt" mechanism could specifically function in the recognition of abnormal cells with high membrane fluidity and in response to hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Irving Fox
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Rameshwar Patil
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Anna Galstyan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Keith L. Black
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Julia Y. Ljubimova
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Eggehard Holler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Institut für Biophysik und Physikalische Biochemie der Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Killing of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enteritidis and neutralization of lipopolysaccharide by 17-residue bovine lactoferricins: improved activity of Trp/Ala-containing molecules. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44278. [PMID: 28287172 PMCID: PMC5347165 DOI: 10.1038/srep44278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine lactoferricin (LfcinB) has potent antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activities but is also hemolytic. Our objective was to identify LfcinB17-31 derivatives with reduced hemolysis and improved antimicrobial activity via substituting Cys3, Arg4, Gln7, Met10, and Gly14 with more hydrophobic residues. Two peptides, Lfcin4 and Lfcin5, showed higher activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enteritidis and lower hemolytic activity than the parent peptide LfcinB17-31. These peptides permeabilized the outer and inner membranes of S. enteritidis; however, Lfcin5 did not permeabilize the inner membrane of S. aureus. Gel retardation and circular dichroism spectra showed that Lfcin4 and Lfcin5 bound to bacterial genomic DNA. Lfcin4 inhibited DNA, RNA and protein synthesis. Both peptides induced the peeling of membranes and the lysis of S. enteritidis. At doses of 10 and 15 mg/kg, Lfcin4 and Lfcin5 reduced the bacterial counts in infected thigh muscles by 0.03‒0.10 and 0.05‒0.63 log10 CFU/g of tissue, respectively, within 10 h. Lfcin4 and Lfcin5 enhanced the survival rate of endotoxemic mice; reduced serum IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α levels; and protected mice from lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury. These data suggest that Lfcin4 and Lfcin5 may be antimicrobial and anti-endotoxin peptides that could serve as the basis for the development of dual-function agents.
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Huertas Méndez NDJ, Vargas Casanova Y, Gómez Chimbi AK, Hernández E, Leal Castro AL, Melo Diaz JM, Rivera Monroy ZJ, García Castañeda JE. Synthetic Peptides Derived from Bovine Lactoferricin Exhibit Antimicrobial Activity against E. coli ATCC 11775, S. maltophilia ATCC 13636 and S. enteritidis ATCC 13076. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030452. [PMID: 28287494 PMCID: PMC6155255 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Linear, dimeric, tetrameric, and cyclic peptides derived from lactoferricin B–containing non-natural amino acids and the RWQWR motif were synthesized, purified, and characterized using RP-HPLC, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and circular dichroism. The antibacterial activity of peptides against Escherichia coli ATCC 11775, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ATCC 13636, and Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076 was evaluated. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. The synthetic bovine lactoferricin exhibited antibacterial activity against E. coli ATCC 11775 and S. enteritidis ATCC 13076. The dimeric peptide (RRWQWR)2K-Ahx exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial strain. The monomeric, cyclic, tetrameric, and palindromic peptides containing the RWQWR motif exhibited high and specific activity against E. coli ATCC 11775. The results suggest that short peptides derived from lactoferricin B could be considered as potential candidates for the development of antibacterial agents against infections caused by E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataly De Jesús Huertas Méndez
- Chemistry Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá Carrera 45 No 26-85, Building 451, office 409, Bogotá 11321, Colombia.
| | - Yerly Vargas Casanova
- Bacteriology Department, Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, Bogotá Calle 28 No. 5B-02, Bogotá 110311; Colombia.
| | | | - Edith Hernández
- Bacteriology Department, Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, Bogotá Calle 28 No. 5B-02, Bogotá 110311; Colombia.
| | - Aura Lucia Leal Castro
- Medicine Faculty, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá Carrera 45 No 26-85, Building 471, Bogotá 11321, Colombia.
| | - Javier Mauricio Melo Diaz
- Chemistry Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá Carrera 45 No 26-85, Building 451, office 409, Bogotá 11321, Colombia.
| | - Zuly Jenny Rivera Monroy
- Chemistry Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá Carrera 45 No 26-85, Building 451, office 409, Bogotá 11321, Colombia.
| | - Javier Eduardo García Castañeda
- Pharmacy Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá Carrera 45 No 26-85, Building 450, office 203, Bogotá 11321, Colombia.
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29
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Lizzi AR, Carnicelli V, Clarkson MM, Nazzicone C, Segatore B, Celenza G, Aschi M, Dolo V, Strom R, Amicosante G. Bovine lactoferrin and its tryptic peptides: Antibacterial activity against different species. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683816040116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Arias M, Hoffarth ER, Ishida H, Aramini JM, Vogel HJ. Recombinant expression, antimicrobial activity and mechanism of action of tritrpticin analogs containing fluoro-tryptophan residues. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1858:1012-23. [PMID: 26724205 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The increase in antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections has prompted significant academic research into new therapeutic agents targeted against these pathogens. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) appear as promising candidates, due their potent antimicrobial activity and their ubiquitous presence in almost all organisms. Tritrpticin is a member of this family of peptides and has been shown to exert a strong antimicrobial activity against several bacterial strains. Tritrpticin's main structural characteristic is the presence of three consecutive Trp residues at the center of the peptide. These residues play an important role in the activity of tritrpticin against Escherichia coli. In this work, a recombinant version of tritrpticin was produced in E. coli using calmodulin as a fusion protein expression tag to overcome the toxicity of the peptide. When used in combination with glyphosate, an inhibitor of the endogenous synthesis of aromatic amino acids, this expression system allowed for the incorporation of fluorinated Trp analogs at very high levels (>90%). The antimicrobial activity of the 4-, 5- and 6-fluoro-Trp-containing tritrpticins against E. coli was as strong as the activity of the native peptide. Similarly, the tritrpticin analogs exhibited comparable abilities to perturb and permeabilize synthetic lipid bilayers as well as the outer and inner membrane of E. coli. Furthermore, the use of 19F NMR spectroscopy established that each individual fluoro-Trp residue interacts differently with SDS micelles, supporting the idea that each Trp in the original tritrpticin plays a different role in the perturbing/permeabilizing activity of the peptide. Moreover, our work demonstrates that the use of fluoro-Trp in solvent perturbation 19F NMR experiments provides detailed site-specific information on the insertion of the Trp residues in biological membrane mimetics. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Antimicrobial peptides edited by Karl Lohner and Kai Hilpert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Arias
- Biochemistry Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Elesha R Hoffarth
- Biochemistry Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Hiroaki Ishida
- Biochemistry Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - James M Aramini
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Hans J Vogel
- Biochemistry Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Taniguchi M, Takahashi N, Takayanagi T, Ikeda A, Ishiyama Y, Saitoh E, Kato T, Ochiai A, Tanaka T. Effect of substituting arginine and lysine with alanine on antimicrobial activity and the mechanism of action of a cationic dodecapeptide (CL(14-25)), a partial sequence of cyanate lyase from rice. Biopolymers 2016; 102:58-68. [PMID: 23982951 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of analogs obtained by substituting arginine and lysine in CL(14-25), a cationic α-helical dodecapeptide, with alanine against Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontal pathogen, varied significantly depending on the number and position of cationic amino acids. The alanine-substituted analogs had no hemolytic activity, even at a concentration of 1 mM. The antimicrobial activities of CL(K20A) and CL(K20A, K25A) were 3.8-fold and 9.1-fold higher, respectively, than that of CL(14-25). The antimicrobial activity of CL(R15A) was slightly lower than that of CL(14-25), suggesting that arginine at position 15 is not essential but is important for the antimicrobial activity. The experiments in which the alanine-substituted analogs bearing the replacement of arginine at position 24 and/or lysine at position 25 were used showed that arginine at position 24 was crucial for the antimicrobial activity whenever lysine at position 25 was substituted with alanine. Helical wheel projections of the alanine-substituted analogs indicate that the hydrophobicity in the vicinity of leucine at position 16 and alanines at positions 18 and/or 21 increased by substituting lysine at positions 20 and 25 with alanine, respectively. The degrees of diSC3 -5 release from P. gingivalis cells and disruption of GUVs induced by the alanine-substituted analogs with different positive charges were not closely related to their antimicrobial activities. The enhanced antimicrobial activities of the alanine-substituted analogs appear to be mainly attributable to the changes in properties such as hydrophobicity and amphipathic propensity due to alanine substitution and not to their extents of positive charge (cationicity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Taniguchi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan; Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Niigata University, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
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32
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Bugg TDH, Rodolis MT, Mihalyi A, Jamshidi S. Inhibition of phospho-MurNAc-pentapeptide translocase (MraY) by nucleoside natural product antibiotics, bacteriophage ϕX174 lysis protein E, and cationic antibacterial peptides. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:6340-6347. [PMID: 27021004 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This review covers recent developments in the inhibition of translocase MraY and related phospho-GlcNAc transferases WecA and TagO, and insight into the inhibition and catalytic mechanism of this class of integral membrane proteins from the structure of Aquifex aeolicus MraY. Recent studies have also identified a protein-protein interaction site in Escherichia coli MraY, that is targeted by bacteriophage ϕX174 lysis protein E, and also by cationic antimicrobial peptides containing Arg-Trp close to their N- or C-termini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D H Bugg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Maria T Rodolis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Agnes Mihalyi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Shirin Jamshidi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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33
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Liu BR, Huang YW, Aronstam RS, Lee HJ. Identification of a Short Cell-Penetrating Peptide from Bovine Lactoferricin for Intracellular Delivery of DNA in Human A549 Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150439. [PMID: 26942714 PMCID: PMC4778846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been shown to deliver cargos, including protein, DNA, RNA, and nanomaterials, in fully active forms into live cells. Most of the CPP sequences in use today are based on non-native proteins that may be immunogenic. Here we demonstrate that the L5a CPP (RRWQW) from bovine lactoferricin (LFcin), stably and noncovalently complexed with plasmid DNA and prepared at an optimal nitrogen/phosphate ratio of 12, is able to efficiently enter into human lung cancer A549 cells. The L5a CPP delivered a plasmid containing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) coding sequence that was subsequently expressed in cells, as revealed by real-time PCR and fluorescent microscopy at the mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Treatment with calcium chloride increased the level of gene expression, without affecting CPP-mediated transfection efficiency. Zeta-potential analysis revealed that positively electrostatic interactions of CPP/DNA complexes correlated with CPP-mediated transport. The L5a and L5a/DNA complexes were not cytotoxic. This biomimetic LFcin L5a represents one of the shortest effective CPPs and could be a promising lead peptide with less immunogenic for DNA delivery in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty R. Liu
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 974, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Wern Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, 65409–1120, United States of America
| | - Robert S. Aronstam
- College of Science and Technology, Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania, Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania, 17815–1301, United States of America
| | - Han-Jung Lee
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 974, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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34
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The influence of rough lipopolysaccharide structure on molecular interactions with mammalian antimicrobial peptides. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:197-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Shagaghi N, Palombo EA, Clayton AHA, Bhave M. Archetypal tryptophan-rich antimicrobial peptides: properties and applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:31. [PMID: 26748808 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1986-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Drug-resistant microorganisms ('superbugs') present a serious challenge to the success of antimicrobial treatments. Subsequently, there is a crucial need for novel bio-control agents. Many antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) show a broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi or viruses and are strong candidates to complement or substitute current antimicrobial agents. Some AMPs are also effective against protozoa or cancer cells. The tryptophan (Trp)-rich peptides (TRPs) are a subset of AMPs that display potent antimicrobial activity, credited to the unique biochemical properties of tryptophan that allow it to insert into biological membranes. Further, many Trp-rich AMPs cross bacterial membranes without compromising their integrity and act intracellularly, suggesting interactions with nucleic acids and enzymes. In this work, we overview some archetypal TRPs derived from natural sources, i.e., indolicidin, tritrpticin and lactoferricin, summarising their biochemical properties, structures, antimicrobial activities, mechanistic studies and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadin Shagaghi
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Enzo A Palombo
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Andrew H A Clayton
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Mrinal Bhave
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia.
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36
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Postma TM, Liskamp RMJ. Highly potent antimicrobial peptide derivatives of bovine cateslytin. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17944d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of bovine cateslytin was optimized in a series of sequential modifications leading to synlytin, a highly potent non-haemolytic antimicrobial peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. M. Postma
- School of Chemistry
- University of Glasgow
- Glasgow
- UK
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37
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A Tetrameric Peptide Derived from Bovine Lactoferricin Exhibits Specific Cytotoxic Effects against Oral Squamous-Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:630179. [PMID: 26609531 PMCID: PMC4644816 DOI: 10.1155/2015/630179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Several short linear peptides derived from cyclic bovine lactoferricin were synthesized and tested for their cytotoxic effect against the oral cavity squamous-cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines CAL27 and SCC15. As a control, an immortalized and nontumorigenic cell line, Het-1A, was used. Linear peptides based on the RRWQWR core sequence showed a moderate cytotoxic effect and specificity towards tumorigenic cells. A tetrameric peptide, LfcinB(20–25)4, containing the RRWQWR motif, exhibited greater cytotoxic activity (>90%) in both OSCC cell lines compared to the linear lactoferricin peptide or the lactoferrin protein. Additionally, this tetrameric peptide showed the highest specificity towards tumorigenic cells among the tested peptides. Interestingly, this effect was very fast, with cell shrinkage, severe damage to cell membrane permeability, and lysis within one hour of treatment. Our results are consistent with a necrotic effect rather than an apoptotic one and suggest that this tetrameric peptide could be considered as a new candidate for the therapeutic treatment of OSCC.
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38
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López-Peña I, Leigh BS, Schlamadinger DE, Kim JE. Insights into Protein Structure and Dynamics by Ultraviolet and Visible Resonance Raman Spectroscopy. Biochemistry 2015. [PMID: 26219819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is a form of vibrational spectroscopy based on inelastic scattering of light. In resonance Raman spectroscopy, the wavelength of the incident light falls within an absorption band of a chromophore, and this overlap of excitation and absorption energy greatly enhances the Raman scattering efficiency of the absorbing species. The ability to probe vibrational spectra of select chromophores within a complex mixture of molecules makes resonance Raman spectroscopy an excellent tool for studies of biomolecules. In this Current Topic, we discuss the type of molecular insights obtained from steady-state and time-resolved resonance Raman studies of a prototypical photoactive protein, rhodopsin. We also review recent efforts in ultraviolet resonance Raman investigations of soluble and membrane-associated biomolecules, including integral membrane proteins and antimicrobial peptides. These examples illustrate that resonance Raman is a sensitive, selective, and practical method for studying the structures of biological molecules, and the molecular bonding, geometry, and environments of protein cofactors, the backbone, and side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio López-Peña
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Brian S Leigh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Diana E Schlamadinger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Judy E Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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Antibacterial activity of synthetic peptides derived from lactoferricin against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:453826. [PMID: 25815317 PMCID: PMC4359834 DOI: 10.1155/2015/453826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Peptides derived from human and bovine lactoferricin were designed, synthesized, purified, and characterized using RP-HPLC and MALDI-TOF-MS. Specific changes in the sequences were designed as (i) the incorporation of unnatural amino acids in the sequence, the (ii) reduction or (iii) elongation of the peptide chain length, and (iv) synthesis of molecules with different number of branches containing the same sequence. For each peptide, the antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 was evaluated. Our results showed that Peptides I.2 (RWQWRWQWR) and I.4 ((RRWQWR)4K2Ahx2C2) exhibit bigger or similar activity against E. coli (MIC 4-33 μM) and E. faecalis (MIC 10-33 μM) when they were compared with lactoferricin protein (LF) and some of its derivate peptides as II.1 (FKCRRWQWRMKKLGA) and IV.1 (FKCRRWQWRMKKLGAPSITCVRRAE). It should be pointed out that Peptides I.2 and I.4, containing the RWQWR motif, are short and easy to synthesize; our results demonstrate that it is possible to design and obtain synthetic peptides that exhibit enhanced antibacterial activity using a methodology that is fast and low-cost and that allows obtaining products with a high degree of purity and high yield.
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Arias M, Nguyen LT, Kuczynski AM, Lejon T, Vogel HJ. Position-Dependent Influence of the Three Trp Residues on the Membrane Activity of the Antimicrobial Peptide, Tritrpticin. Antibiotics (Basel) 2014; 3:595-616. [PMID: 27025758 PMCID: PMC4790384 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics3040595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) constitute promising candidates for the development of new antibiotics. Among the ever-expanding family of AMPs, tritrpticin has strong antimicrobial activity against a broad range of pathogens. This 13-residue peptide has an unusual amino acid sequence that is almost symmetrical and features three central Trp residues with two Arg residues near each end of the peptide. In this work, the role of the three sequential Trp residues in tritrpticin was studied in a systematic fashion by making a series of synthetic peptides with single-, double- and triple-Trp substitutions to Tyr or Ala. 1H NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated the ability of all of the tritrpticin-analog peptides to interact with negatively-charged membranes. Consequently, most tritrpticin analogs exhibited the ability to permeabilize synthetic ePC:ePG (egg-yolk phosphatidylcholine (ePC), egg-yolk phosphatidylglycerol (ePG)) vesicles and live Escherichia coli bacteria. The membrane perturbation characteristics were highly dependent on the location of the Trp residue substitution, with Trp6 being the most important residue and Trp8 the least. The membrane permeabilization activity of the peptides in synthetic and biological membranes was directly correlated with the antimicrobial potency of the peptides against E. coli. These results contribute to the understanding of the role of each of the three Trp residues to the antimicrobial activity of tritrpticin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Arias
- Biochemistry Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Leonard T Nguyen
- Biochemistry Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Andrea M Kuczynski
- Biochemistry Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Tore Lejon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, UiT-The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø N-9037, Norway.
| | - Hans J Vogel
- Biochemistry Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Rodolis MT, Mihalyi A, O'Reilly A, Slikas J, Roper DI, Hancock REW, Bugg TDH. Identification of a Novel Inhibition Site in Translocase MraY Based upon the Site of Interaction with Lysis Protein E from Bacteriophage ϕX174. Chembiochem 2014; 15:1300-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Théolier J, Fliss I, Jean J, Hammami R. Antimicrobial Peptides of Dairy Proteins: From Fundamental to Applications. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2014.896017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Gozhina OV, Svendsen JS, Lejon T. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of α-aminoboronic-containing peptidomimetics. J Pept Sci 2013; 20:20-4. [PMID: 24222512 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A library of 175 dipeptidomimetics and tripeptidomimetics containing an α-amino boronic acid or boronate has been synthesized, and the activity toward Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been screened. Although there is no clear structure-activity relationship, several compounds exhibit promising activity against different pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Gozhina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
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Théolier J, Fliss I, Jean J, Hammami R. MilkAMP: a comprehensive database of antimicrobial peptides of dairy origin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13594-013-0153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Antimicrobial lactoferrin peptides: the hidden players in the protective function of a multifunctional protein. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDES 2013; 2013:390230. [PMID: 23554820 PMCID: PMC3608178 DOI: 10.1155/2013/390230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lactoferrin is a multifunctional, iron-binding glycoprotein which displays a wide array of modes of action to execute its primary antimicrobial function. It contains various antimicrobial peptides which are released upon its hydrolysis by proteases. These peptides display a similarity with the antimicrobial cationic peptides found in nature. In the current scenario of increasing resistance to antibiotics, there is a need for the discovery of novel antimicrobial drugs. In this context, the structural and functional perspectives on some of the antimicrobial peptides found in N-lobe of lactoferrin have been reviewed. This paper provides the comparison of lactoferrin peptides with other antimicrobial peptides found in nature as well as interspecies comparison of the structural properties of these peptides within the native lactoferrin.
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Fang B, Guo HY, Zhang M, Jiang L, Ren FZ. The six amino acid antimicrobial peptide bLFcin6 penetrates cells and delivers siRNA. FEBS J 2013; 280:1007-17. [PMID: 23241223 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are a new class of vectors with high pharmaceutical potential to deliver bioactive cargos into cells. Here, we characterized bLFcin(6) , a six amino acid peptide derived from bovine lactoferricin, as a CPP. Uptake of bLFcin(6) was measured by flow cytometry. The ability to delivery siRNA was analyzed in HeLa cells. bLFcin(6) exhibited concentration-dependent uptake and intracellular distribution. Below 7.5 μm, uptake of bLFcin(6) was significantly lower than uptake of TAT (P < 0.05) because bLFcin(6) has fewer cationic amino acids. Compared to CPP(5) (RLRWR) and CPP(6) (PFVYLI), bLFcin(6) had a significantly higher internalization ratio above 2.5 μm because it has two tryptophan residues. Uptake of bLFcin(6) starts with an ionic cell-surface interaction. It is then rapidly internalized by lipid raft-dependent macropinocytosis, followed by release from macropinosomes into the cytosol and nucleus. Moreover, bLFcin(6) formed stable electrostatic complexes with siRNA and delivered siRNA into cells, resulting in significant knockout activity at both the mRNA and protein levels. The knockout activity of siRNA delivered by bLFcin(6) was similar to that mediated by TAT, although knockout by bLFcin(6) required a higher molar ratio. In this study, bLFcin(6) was tested for its ability to act as an siRNA-delivering CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Muñoz A, Harries E, Contreras-Valenzuela A, Carmona L, Read ND, Marcos JF. Two functional motifs define the interaction, internalization and toxicity of the cell-penetrating antifungal peptide PAF26 on fungal cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54813. [PMID: 23349973 PMCID: PMC3549957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthetic, cell penetrating hexapeptide PAF26 (RKKWFW) is antifungal at low micromolar concentrations and has been proposed as a model for cationic, cell-penetrating antifungal peptides. Its short amino acid sequence facilitates the analysis of its structure-activity relationships using the fungal models Neurospora crassa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and human and plant pathogens Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicillium digitatum, respectively. Previously, PAF26 at low fungicidal concentrations was shown to be endocytically internalized, accumulated in vacuoles and then actively transported into the cytoplasm where it exerts its antifungal activity. In the present study, two PAF26 derivatives, PAF95 (AAAWFW) and PAF96 (RKKAAA), were designed to characterize the roles of the N-terminal cationic and the C-terminal hydrophobic motifs in PAF26's mode-of-action. PAF95 and PAF96 exhibited substantially reduced antifungal activity against all the fungi analyzed. PAF96 localized to fungal cell envelopes and was not internalized by the fungi. In contrast, PAF95 was taken up into vacuoles of N. crassa, wherein it accumulated and was trapped without toxic effects. Also, the PAF26 resistant Δarg1 strain of S. cerevisiae exhibited increased PAF26 accumulation in vacuoles. Live-cell imaging of GFP-labelled nuclei in A. fumigatus showed that transport of PAF26 from the vacuole to the cytoplasm was followed by nuclear breakdown and dissolution. This work demonstrates that the amphipathic PAF26 possesses two distinct motifs that allow three stages in its antifungal action to be defined: (i) its interaction with the cell envelope; (ii) its internalization and transport to vacuoles mediated by the aromatic hydrophobic domain; and (iii) its transport from vacuoles to the cytoplasm. Significantly, cationic residues in PAF26 are important not only for the electrostatic attraction and interaction with the fungal cell but also for transport from the vacuole to the cytoplasm, which coincides with cell death. Peptide containment within vacuoles preserves fungal cells from peptide toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Muñoz
- Fungal Cell Biology Group, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Eleonora Harries
- Fungal Cell Biology Group, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Food Science, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Lourdes Carmona
- Department of Food Science, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nick D. Read
- Fungal Cell Biology Group, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (JFM); (NDR)
| | - Jose F. Marcos
- Department of Food Science, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail: (JFM); (NDR)
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Chen PW, Jheng TT, Shyu CL, Mao FC. Antimicrobial potential for the combination of bovine lactoferrin or its hydrolysate with lactoferrin-resistant probiotics against foodborne pathogens. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:1438-46. [PMID: 23332852 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-6112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Previous reports have shown that several probiotic strains can resist the antibacterial activity of bovine lactoferrin (bLf), but the results are inconsistent. Moreover, a portion of orally administered apo-bLf is digested in vivo by pepsin to yield bLf hydrolysate, which produces stronger antibacterial activity than that observed with apo-bLf. However, whether bLf hydrolysate affects the growth of probiotic strains is unclear. Therefore, various probiotic strains in Taiwan were collected and evaluated for activity against apo-bLf and bLf hydrolysate in vitro. Thirteen probiotic strains were evaluated, and the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356, Lactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741, Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103, Bifidobacterium longum ATCC 15707, and Bifidobacterium lactis BCRC 17394 were inhibited by both apo-bLf and bLf hydrolysate. The growth of 8 strains were not affected by apo-bLf and bLf hydrolysate, including L. rhamnosus ATCC 7469, Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 23272, Lactobacillus fermentum ATCC 11739, Lactobacillus coryniformis ATCC 25602, L. acidophilus BCRC 14065, Bifidobacterium infantis ATCC 15697, Bifidobacterium bifidum ATCC 29521, and Pediococcus acidilactici ATCC 8081. However, apo-bLf and its hydrolysate inhibited the growth of foodborne pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis. Moreover, the supernatants produced by L. fermentum, B. lactis, and B. longum inhibited the growth of most pathogens. Importantly, a combination of apo-bLf or bLf hydrolysate with the supernatants of cultures of the organisms described above showed synergistic or partially synergistic effects against the growth of most of the selected pathogens. In conclusion, several probiotic strains are resistant to apo-bLf and bLf hydrolysate, warranting clinical studies to evaluate the antimicrobial potential for the combination of apo-bLf or its hydrolysate with specific probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-W Chen
- Department of Nursing, St. Mary's Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Taiwan 26644, Republic of China.
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Paulsen VS, Blencke HM, Benincasa M, Haug T, Eksteen JJ, Styrvold OB, Scocchi M, Stensvåg K. Structure-activity relationships of the antimicrobial peptide arasin 1 - and mode of action studies of the N-terminal, proline-rich region. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53326. [PMID: 23326415 PMCID: PMC3543460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Arasin 1 is a 37 amino acid long proline-rich antimicrobial peptide isolated from the spider crab, Hyas araneus. In this work the active region of arasin 1 was identified through structure-activity studies using different peptide fragments derived from the arasin 1 sequence. The pharmacophore was found to be located in the proline/arginine-rich NH(2) terminus of the peptide and the fragment arasin 1(1-23) was almost equally active to the full length peptide. Arasin 1 and its active fragment arasin 1(1-23) were shown to be non-toxic to human red blood cells and arasin 1(1-23) was able to bind chitin, a component of fungal cell walls and the crustacean shell. The mode of action of the fully active N-terminal arasin 1(1-23) was explored through killing kinetic and membrane permeabilization studies. At the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), arasin 1(1-23) was not bactericidal and had no membrane disruptive effect. In contrast, at concentrations of 5×MIC and above it was bactericidal and interfered with membrane integrity. We conclude that arasin 1(1-23) has a different mode of action than lytic peptides, like cecropin P1. Thus, we suggest a dual mode of action for arasin 1(1-23) involving membrane disruption at peptide concentrations above MIC, and an alternative mechanism of action, possibly involving intracellular targets, at MIC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans-Matti Blencke
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Monica Benincasa
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Tor Haug
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Olaf B. Styrvold
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marco Scocchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Klara Stensvåg
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
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Healthy Multifunctional Spectra of Milk Glycoproteins and Their Fragments – a Review Article. POL J FOOD NUTR SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/v10222-012-0053-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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