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Li X, Wang N, Liu Y, Li W, Bai X, Liu P, He CY. Backbone N-methylation of peptides: Advances in synthesis and applications in pharmaceutical drug development. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106892. [PMID: 37776681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Peptide-based drugs have garnered considerable attention in recent years owing to their increasingly crucial role in the treatment of diverse diseases. However, the limited pharmacokinetic properties of peptides have hindered their full potential. One prominent strategy for enhancing the druggability of peptides is N-methylation, which involves the addition of a methyl group to the nitrogen atom of the peptide backbone. This modification significantly improves the stability, bioavailability, receptor binding affinity and selectivity of peptide drug candidates. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the advancements in synthetic methods for N-methylated peptide synthesis, as well as the associated limitations. Moreover, we explore the versatile effects of N-methylation on various aspects of peptide properties. Furthermore, we emphasize the efforts dedicated to N-methylated peptide pharmaceuticals that have successfully obtained marketing approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Central Research Institute, United-Imaging Healthcare Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningchao Wang
- Central Research Institute, United-Imaging Healthcare Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- Central Research Institute, United-Imaging Healthcare Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Weipiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Xinyu Bai
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Chun-Yang He
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China.
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2
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Crone KK, Jomori T, Miller FS, Gralnick JA, Elias MH, Freeman MF. RiPP enzyme heterocomplex structure-guided discovery of a bacterial borosin α- N-methylated peptide natural product. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:804-816. [PMID: 37799586 PMCID: PMC10549244 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00093a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amide peptide backbone methylation is a characteristic post-translational modification found in a family of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide natural products (RiPPs) called borosins. Previously, we bioinformatically identified >1500 putative borosin pathways in bacteria; however, none of the pathways were associated with a known secondary metabolite. Through in-depth characterization of a borosin pathway in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, we have now identified a bacterially derived borosin natural product named Shewanellamide A. Borosin identification was facilitated by the creation and analysis of a series of precursor variants and crystallographic interrogation of variant precursor and methyltransferase complexes. Along with assaying two proteases from S. oneidensis, probable boundaries for proteolytic maturation of the metabolite were projected and confirmed via comparison of S. oneidensis knockout and overexpression strains. All in all, the S. oneidensis natural product was found to be a 16-mer linear peptide featuring two backbone methylations, establishing Shewanellamide A as one of the few borosin metabolites yet identified, and the first from bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Crone
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities St. Paul 55108 USA
| | - T Jomori
- The BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities St. Paul 55108 USA
| | - F S Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities St. Paul 55108 USA
| | - J A Gralnick
- The BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities St. Paul 55108 USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities St. Paul 55108 USA
| | - M H Elias
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities St. Paul 55108 USA
- The BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities St. Paul 55108 USA
| | - M F Freeman
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities St. Paul 55108 USA
- The BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities St. Paul 55108 USA
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3
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Ghosh N, Kundu LM. Cyclic di-peptide in situ inhibited protein-aggregation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 91:129379. [PMID: 37331639 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of neurodegenerative diseases seem to be associated with protein misfolding that often leads to misfolded protein aggregates with a β-sheet conformation and accumulation in the brain which directly contributes to or modulates the associated pathology. Protein aggregation diseases like Huntington's disease results from the deposition of aggregated huntingtin proteins within the nucleus, transmissible prion encephalopathies occur due to extracellular deposition of pathogenic prion proteins whereas Alzheimer's disease from the accumulation of both extracellular β-amyloid and intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau protein aggregates. In the generalized purpose, we have taken the core sequence of amyloid-β (responsible for its aggregation) as the aggregating peptide (AP). Among the various emerging therapeutic approaches against aggregation-related degenerative diseases such as diminishing the monomeric precursor protein, inhibiting aggregation, or blocking aggregation-induced cellular toxicity pathways, we focussed on the strategy based on the inhibition of protein aggregation using rationally designed peptide inhibitors comprising both the recognition and β-breaking component in the sequence. The "O → N acyl migration" concept was used to form cyclic peptide in situ for the generation of a bent unit which may act as disruption moiety for the inhibition process. The kinetics of aggregation was characterized by various biophysical tools (ThT-assay, TEM, CD, and FTIR). Results implied that the designed inhibitor peptides (IP) might be valuable to inhibit all the related aggregated peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nibedita Ghosh
- Centre for the Environment, IIT Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; Symbol Discovery Ltd, Hyderabad 500046, India.
| | - Lal Mohan Kundu
- Centre for the Environment, IIT Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, India
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4
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Abernathy HG, Saha J, Kemp LK, Wadhwani P, Clemons TD, Morgan SE, Rangachari V. De novo amyloid peptides with subtle sequence variations differ in their self-assembly and nanomechanical properties. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:5150-5159. [PMID: 37386911 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00604b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Proteinaceous amyloids are well known for their widespread pathological roles but lately have emerged also as key components in several biological functions. The remarkable ability of amyloid fibers to form tightly packed conformations in a cross β-sheet arrangement manifests in their robust enzymatic and structural stabilities. These characteristics of amyloids make them attractive for designing proteinaceous biomaterials for various biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. In order to design customizable and tunable amyloid nanomaterials, it is imperative to understand the sensitivity of the peptide sequence for subtle changes based on amino acid position and chemistry. Here we report our results from four rationally-designed amyloidogenic decapeptides that subtly differ in hydrophobicity and polarity at positions 5 and 6. We show that making the two positions hydrophobic renders the peptide with enhanced aggregation and material properties while introducing polar residues in position 5 dramatically changes the structure and nanomechanical properties of the fibrils formed. A charged residue at position 6, however, abrogates amyloid formation. In sum, we show that subtle changes in the sequence do not make the peptide innocuous but rather sensitive to aggregation, reflected in the biophysical and nanomechanical properties of the fibrils. We conclude that tolerance of peptide amyloid for changes in the sequence, however small they may be, should not be neglected for the effective design of customizable amyloid nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah G Abernathy
- School of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA.
| | - Jhinuk Saha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA.
| | - Lisa K Kemp
- School of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA.
| | - Parvesh Wadhwani
- Department of Molecular Biophysics (IBG 2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tristan D Clemons
- School of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA.
| | - Sarah E Morgan
- School of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA.
| | - Vijayaraghavan Rangachari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA.
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
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5
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Todaro B, Ottalagana E, Luin S, Santi M. Targeting Peptides: The New Generation of Targeted Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1648. [PMID: 37376097 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides can act as targeting molecules, analogously to oligonucleotide aptamers and antibodies. They are particularly efficient in terms of production and stability in physiological environments; in recent years, they have been increasingly studied as targeting agents for several diseases, from tumors to central nervous system disorders, also thanks to the ability of some of them to cross the blood-brain barrier. In this review, we will describe the techniques employed for their experimental and in silico design, as well as their possible applications. We will also discuss advancements in their formulation and chemical modifications that make them even more stable and effective. Finally, we will discuss how their use could effectively help to overcome various physiological problems and improve existing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biagio Todaro
- NEST Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Ottalagana
- NEST Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, Via Ferruccio Giovannini 13, San Giuliano Terme, 56017 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Luin
- NEST Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Melissa Santi
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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6
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Schwarze B, Korn A, Höfling C, Zeitschel U, Krueger M, Roßner S, Huster D. Peptide backbone modifications of amyloid β (1-40) impact fibrillation behavior and neuronal toxicity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23767. [PMID: 34887476 PMCID: PMC8660793 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibril formation of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides is one of the key molecular events connected to Alzheimer's disease. The pathway of formation and mechanism of action of Aβ aggregates in biological systems is still object of very active research. To this end, systematic modifications of the Phe19-Leu34 hydrophobic contact, which has been reported in almost all structural studies of Aβ40 fibrils, helps understanding Aβ folding pathways and the underlying free energy landscape of the amyloid formation process. In our approach, a series of Aβ40 peptide variants with two types of backbone modifications, namely incorporation of (i) a methylene or an ethylene spacer group and (ii) a N-methylation at the amide functional group, of the amino acids at positions 19 or 34 was applied. These mutations are expected to challenge the inter-β-strand side chain contacts as well as intermolecular backbone β-sheet hydrogen bridges. Using a multitude of biophysical methods, it is shown that these backbone modifications lead, in most of the cases, to alterations in the fibril formation kinetics, a higher local structural heterogeneity, and a somewhat modified fibril morphology without generally impairing the fibril formation capacity of the peptides. The toxicological profile found for the variants depend on the type and extent of the modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Schwarze
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Härtelstr. 16/18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Korn
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Härtelstr. 16/18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Corinna Höfling
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 19, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Zeitschel
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 19, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Krueger
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffen Roßner
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 19, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Huster
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Härtelstr. 16/18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany.
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7
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Destabilization of the Alzheimer's amyloid-β peptide by a proline-rich β-sheet breaker peptide: a molecular dynamics simulation study. J Mol Model 2021; 27:356. [PMID: 34796404 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04968-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid-β peptide exists in the form of fibrils in the plaques found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. One of the therapeutic strategies is the design of molecules which can destabilize these fibrils. We present a designed peptide KLVFFP5 with two segments: the self-recognition sequence KLVFF and a β-sheet breaker proline pentamer. Molecular dynamics simulations and docking results showed that this peptide could bind to the protofibrils and destabilize them by establishing hydrophobic contacts and hydrogen bonds with a higher affinity than the KLVFF peptide. In the presence of the KLVFFP5 peptide, the β-sheet content of the protofibrils was reduced significantly; the hydrogen bonding network and the salt bridges were disrupted to a greater extent than the KLVFF peptide. Our results indicate that the KLVFFP5 peptide is an effective β-sheet disruptor which can be considered in the therapy of Alzheimer's disease.
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8
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Breaker peptides against amyloid-β aggregation: a potential therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:1767-1794. [PMID: 34498978 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, for which blocking the early steps of extracellular misfolded amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation is a promising therapeutic approach. However, the pathological features of AD progression include the accumulation of intracellular tau protein, membrane-catalyzed cell death and the abnormal deposition of Aβ. Here, we focus on anti-amyloid breaker peptides derived from the Aβ sequence and non-Aβ-based peptides containing both natural and modified amino acids. Critical aspects of the breaker peptides include N-methylation, conformational restriction through cyclization, incorporation of unnatural amino acid, fluorinated molecules, polymeric nanoparticles and PEGylation. This review confers a general idea of such breaker peptides with in vitro and in vivo studies, which may advance our understanding of AD pathology and develop an effective treatment strategy against AD.
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9
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Kerbs A, Mindt M, Schwardmann L, Wendisch VF. Sustainable Production of N-methylphenylalanine by Reductive Methylamination of Phenylpyruvate Using Engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040824. [PMID: 33924554 PMCID: PMC8070496 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
N-alkylated amino acids occur widely in nature and can also be found in bioactive secondary metabolites such as the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin and the immunosuppressant cyclosporine A. To meet the demand for N-alkylated amino acids, they are currently produced chemically; however, these approaches often lack enantiopurity, show low product yields and require toxic reagents. Fermentative routes to N-alkylated amino acids like N-methyl-l-alanine or N-methylantranilate, a precursor of acridone alkaloids, have been established using engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum, which has been used for the industrial production of amino acids for decades. Here, we describe metabolic engineering of C. glutamicum for de novo production of N-methylphenylalanine based on reductive methylamination of phenylpyruvate. Pseudomonas putida Δ-1-piperideine-2-carboxylate reductase DpkA containing the amino acid exchanges P262A and M141L showed comparable catalytic efficiencies with phenylpyruvate and pyruvate, whereas the wild-type enzyme preferred the latter substrate over the former. Deletion of the anthranilate synthase genes trpEG and of the genes encoding branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase IlvE and phenylalanine aminotransferase AroT in a strain engineered to overproduce anthranilate abolished biosynthesis of l-tryptophan and l-phenylalanine to accumulate phenylpyruvate. Upon heterologous expression of DpkAP262A,M141L, N-methylphenylalanine production resulted upon addition of monomethylamine to the medium. In glucose-based minimal medium, an N-methylphenylalanine titer of 0.73 ± 0.05 g L−1, a volumetric productivity of 0.01 g L−1 h−1 and a yield of 0.052 g g−1 glucose were reached. When xylose isomerase gene xylA from Xanthomonas campestris and the endogenous xylulokinase gene xylB were expressed in addition, xylose as sole carbon source supported production of N-methylphenylalanine to a titer of 0.6 ± 0.04 g L−1 with a volumetric productivity of 0.008 g L−1 h−1 and a yield of 0.05 g g−1 xylose. Thus, a fermentative route to sustainable production of N-methylphenylalanine by recombinant C. glutamicum has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Kerbs
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (A.K.); (L.S.)
| | - Melanie Mindt
- BU Bioscience, Wagenigen University and Research, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Lynn Schwardmann
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (A.K.); (L.S.)
| | - Volker F. Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (A.K.); (L.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-521-106-5611
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10
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Peier A, Ge L, Boyer N, Frost J, Duggal R, Biswas K, Edmondson S, Hermes JD, Yan L, Zimprich C, Sadruddin A, Kristal Kaan HY, Chandramohan A, Brown CJ, Thean D, Lee XE, Yuen TY, Ferrer-Gago FJ, Johannes CW, Lane DP, Sherborne B, Corona C, Robers MB, Sawyer TK, Partridge AW. NanoClick: A High Throughput, Target-Agnostic Peptide Cell Permeability Assay. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:293-309. [PMID: 33539064 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrocyclic peptides open new opportunities to target intracellular protein-protein interactions (PPIs) that are often considered nondruggable by traditional small molecules. However, engineering sufficient membrane permeability into these molecules is a central challenge for identifying clinical candidates. Currently, there is a lack of high-throughput assays to assess peptide permeability, which limits our capacity to engineer this property into macrocyclic peptides for advancement through drug discovery pipelines. Accordingly, we developed a high throughput and target-agnostic cell permeability assay that measures the relative cumulative cytosolic exposure of a peptide in a concentration-dependent manner. The assay was named NanoClick as it combines in-cell Click chemistry with an intracellular NanoBRET signal. We validated the approach using known cell penetrating peptides and further demonstrated a correlation to cellular activity using a p53/MDM2 model system. With minimal change to the peptide sequence, NanoClick enables the ability to measure uptake of molecules that enter the cell via different mechanisms such as endocytosis, membrane translocation, or passive permeability. Overall, the NanoClick assay can serve as a screening tool to uncover predictive design rules to guide structure-activity-permeability relationships in the optimization of functionally active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Peier
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Lan Ge
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Nicolas Boyer
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - John Frost
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Ruchia Duggal
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Kaustav Biswas
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Scott Edmondson
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | | | - Lin Yan
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Chad Zimprich
- Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | | | | | | | - Christopher J. Brown
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore 138665, Singapore
| | - Dawn Thean
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore 138665, Singapore
| | - Xue Er Lee
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore 138665, Singapore
| | - Tsz Ying Yuen
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore 138665, Singapore
| | | | - Charles W. Johannes
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore 138665, Singapore
| | - David P. Lane
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore 138665, Singapore
| | - Brad Sherborne
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Cesear Corona
- Promega Biosciences Incorporated, San Luis Obispo, California 93401, United States
| | | | - Tomi K. Sawyer
- Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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11
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Pseudopeptide Amyloid Aggregation Inhibitors: In Silico, Single Molecule and Cell Viability Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031051. [PMID: 33494369 PMCID: PMC7865305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is defined by pathology featuring amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the brain. Aβ monomers themselves are generally considered to be nontoxic, but misfold into β-sheets and aggregate to form neurotoxic oligomers. One suggested strategy to treat AD is to prevent the formation of toxic oligomers. The SG inhibitors are a class of pseudopeptides designed and optimized using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for affinity to Aβ and experimentally validated for their ability to inhibit amyloid-amyloid binding using single molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS). In this work, we provide a review of our previous MD and SMFS studies of these inhibitors and present new cell viability studies that demonstrate their neuroprotective effects against Aβ(1-42) oligomers using mouse hippocampal-derived HT22 cells. Two of the tested SG inhibitors, predicted to bind Aβ in anti-parallel orientation, demonstrated neuroprotection against Aβ(1-42). A third inhibitor, predicted to bind parallel to Aβ, was not neuroprotective. Myristoylation of SG inhibitors, intended to enhance delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), resulted in cytotoxicity. This is the first use of HT22 cells for the study of peptide aggregation inhibitors. Overall, this work will inform the future development of peptide aggregation inhibitors against Aβ toxicity.
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12
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Kapadia A, Sharma KK, Maurya IK, Singh V, Khullar M, Jain R. Structural and mechanistic insights into the inhibition of amyloid-β aggregation by Aβ 39-42 fragment derived synthetic peptides. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 212:113126. [PMID: 33395622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation is a promising approach towards therapeutic intervention for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thirty eight tetrapeptides based upon Aβ39-42C-terminus fragment of the parent Aβ peptide were synthesized. The sequential replacement/modification employing unnatural amino acids imparted scaffold diversity, augmented activity, enhanced blood brain barrier permeability and offered proteolytic stability to the synthetic peptides. Several peptides exhibited promising protection against Aβ aggregation-mediated-neurotoxicity in PC-12 cells at doses ranged between 10 μM and 0.1 μM, further confirmed by the thioflavin-T fluorescence assay. CD study illustrate that these peptides restrict the β-sheet formation, and the non-appearance of Aβ42 fibrillar structures in the electron microscopy confirm the inhibition of Aβ42 aggregation. HRMS and ANS fluorescence spectroscopic analysis provided additional mechanistic insights. Two selected lead peptides 5 and 16 depicted enhanced blood-brain penetration and stability against serum and proteolytic enzyme. Structural insights into ligand-Aβ interactions on the monomeric and proto-fibrillar units of Aβ were computationally studied. Promising inhibitory potential and short sequence of the lead peptides offers new avenues for the advancement of peptide-derived therapeutics for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Kapadia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, 160 062, India
| | - Krishna K Sharma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, 160 062, India
| | - Indresh Kumar Maurya
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Punjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Varinder Singh
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 11, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Madhu Khullar
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 11, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Rahul Jain
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S Nagar, Punjab, 160 062, India.
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13
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Ashrafian H, Zadeh EH, Khan RH. Review on Alzheimer's disease: Inhibition of amyloid beta and tau tangle formation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:382-394. [PMID: 33278431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It is reported that approximately 40 million people are suffering from dementia, globally. Dementia is a group of symptoms that affect neurons and cause some mental disorders, such as losing memory. Alzheimer's disease (AD) which is known as the most common cause of dementia, is one of the top medical care concerns across the world. Although the exact sources of the disease are not understood, is it believed that aggregation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) outside of neuron cells and tau aggregation or neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formation inside the cell may play crucial roles. In this paper, we are going to review studies that targeted inhibition of amyloid plaque and tau protein tangle formation, to suppress or postpone AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ashrafian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Belwal VK, Chaudhary N. Amyloids and their untapped potential as hydrogelators. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:10013-10028. [PMID: 33146652 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01578d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid fibrils are cross-β-sheet-rich fibrous aggregates. They were originally identified as disease-associated protein/peptide deposits. The cross-β motif was consequently labelled as an alien and pathogenic fold. Subsequent research revealed that the fibrillar aggregates were benign, and the cytotoxicity in the amyloid diseases was attributed to the pre-fibrillar structures. Research in the past two decades has identified the native functional amyloids in organisms ranging from bacteria to human. The amyloid-like fibrils, therefore, are not necessarily pathogenic, and the cross-β motif is very much native. This premise makes way for the amyloids to be used as biocompatible materials. Many naturally occurring amyloidogenic proteins/peptides or their fragments have been reported in the literature to form hydrogels. Hydrogels constitute one of the most interesting classes of soft materials that find application in diverse fields such as environmental, electronic, and biomedical engineering. Applications of hydrogels in medicine are particularly extensive. Among various classes of peptides that form hydrogels, the potential of amyloids is largely untapped. In this review, we have attempted to compile the literature on amyloid hydrogels and discuss their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar Belwal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781 039, India.
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15
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Behl T, Kaur I, Fratila O, Brata R, Bungau S. Exploring the Potential of Therapeutic Agents Targeted towards Mitigating the Events Associated with Amyloid-β Cascade in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207443. [PMID: 33050199 PMCID: PMC7589257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most commonly occurring neurodegenerative disorders, Alzheimer's disease (AD), encompasses the loss of cognitive and memory potential, impaired learning, dementia and behavioral defects, and has been prevalent since the 1900s. The accelerating occurrence of AD is expected to reach 65.7 million by 2030. The disease results in neural atrophy and disrupted inter-neuronal connections. Amongst multiple AD pathogenesis hypotheses, the amyloid beta (Aβ) cascade is the most relevant and accepted form of the hypothesis, which suggests that Aβ monomers are formed as a result of the cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP), followed by the conversion of these monomers to toxic oligomers, which in turn develop β-sheets, fibrils and plaques. The review targets the events in the amyloid hypothesis and elaborates suitable therapeutic agents that function by hindering the steps of plaque formation and lowering Aβ levels in the brain. The authors discuss treatment possibilities, including the inhibition of β- and γ-secretase-mediated enzymatic cleavage of APP, the immune response generating active immunotherapy and passive immunotherapeutic approaches targeting monoclonal antibodies towards Aβ aggregates, the removal of amyloid aggregates by the activation of enzymatic pathways or the regulation of Aβ circulation, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-mediated curbed accumulation and the neurotoxic potential of Aβ aggregates, bapineuzumab-mediated vascular permeability alterations, statin-mediated Aβ peptide degradation, the potential role of ibuprofen and the significance of natural drugs and dyes in hindering the amyloid cascade events. Thus, the authors aim to highlight the treatment perspective, targeting the amyloid hypothesis, while simultaneously emphasizing the need to conduct further investigations, in order to provide an opportunity to neurologists to develop novel and reliable treatment therapies for the retardation of AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India;
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (S.B.); Tel.: +40-726-776-588 (S.B.)
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India;
| | - Ovidiu Fratila
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410073, Romania; (O.F.); (R.B.)
| | - Roxana Brata
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410073, Romania; (O.F.); (R.B.)
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410028, Romania
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (S.B.); Tel.: +40-726-776-588 (S.B.)
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16
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Mitra A, Sarkar N. Sequence and structure-based peptides as potent amyloid inhibitors: A review. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 695:108614. [PMID: 33010227 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Misfolded and natively disordered globular proteins tend to aggregate together in an interwoven fashion to form fibrous, proteinaceous deposits referred to as amyloid fibrils. Formation and deposition of such insoluble fibrils are the characteristic features of a broad group of diseases, known as amyloidosis. Some of these proteins are known to cause several degenerative disorders in humans, such as Amyloid-Beta (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease (AD), human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (hIAPP, amylin) in type 2 diabetes, α-synuclein (α-syn) in Parkinson's disease (PD) and so on. The fact that these proteins do not share any significant sequence or structural homology in their native states make therapy quite challenging. However, it is observed that aggregation-prone proteins and peptides tend to adopt a similar type of secondary structure during the formation of fibrils. Rationally designed peptides can be a potent inhibitor that has been shown to disrupt the fibril structure by binding specifically to the amyloidogenic region(s) within a protein. The following review will analyze the inhibitory potency of both sequence-based and structure-based small peptides that have been shown to inhibit amyloidogenesis of proteins such as Aβ, human amylin, and α-synuclein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Mitra
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Nandini Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India.
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17
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Tillett KC, Del Valle JR. N-Amino peptide scanning reveals inhibitors of Aβ42aggregation. RSC Adv 2020; 10:14331-14336. [PMID: 35498502 PMCID: PMC9051937 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02009e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of amyloids into toxic oligomers is believed to be a key pathogenic event in the onset of Alzheimer's disease. Peptidomimetic modulators capable of destabilizing the propagation of an extended network of β-sheet fibrils represent a potential intervention strategy. Modifications to amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides derived from the core domain have afforded inhibitors capable of both antagonizing aggregation and reducing amyloid toxicity. Previous work from our laboratory has shown that peptide backbone amination stabilizes β-sheet-like conformations and precludes β-strand aggregation. Here, we report the synthesis of N-aminated hexapeptides capable of inhibiting the fibrillization of full-length Aβ42. A key feature of our design is N-amino substituents at alternating backbone amides within the aggregation-prone Aβ16–21 sequence. This strategy allows for maintenance of an intact hydrogen-bonding backbone edge as well as side chain moieties important for favorable hydrophobic interactions. An N-amino scan of Aβ16–21 resulted in the identification of peptidomimetics that block Aβ42 fibrilization in several biophysical assays. Structure-based design of backbone-aminated peptides affords novel β-strand mimics that inhibit amyloid-beta fibrillogenesis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan R. Del Valle
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
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18
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Swiontek M, Wasko J, Fraczyk J, Galecki K, Kaminski ZJ, Kolesinska B. Insulin Hot-Spot Analogs Formed with N-Methylated Amino Acid Residues Inhibit Aggregation of Native Hormone. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203706. [PMID: 31618999 PMCID: PMC6832904 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, N-methylated analogs of hot-spots of insulin were designed and synthesized, in the expectation that they would inhibit the aggregation of both insulin hot-spots and the entire hormone. Synthesis of insulin “amyloidogenic” analogs containing N-methylated amino acid residues was performed by microwave-assisted solid phase according to the Fmoc/tert-Bu strategy. As a coupling reagent 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium toluene-4-sulfonate (DMT/NMM/TosO-) was used. Three independent methods were applied in aggregation studies of the complexes of insulin with its N-methylated peptides. Additionally, circular dichroism (CD) measurements were used to confirm that aggregation processes did not occur in the presence of the N-methylated analogs of hot-spot insulin fragments, and that insulin retains its native conformation. Of the seven N-methylated analogs of the A- and B-chain hot-spots of insulin, six inhibited insulin aggregation (peptides 1 and 3–7). All tested peptides were found to have a lower ability to inhibit the aggregation of insulin hot-spots compared to the capability to inhibit native hormone aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Swiontek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Joanna Wasko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Justyna Fraczyk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Krystian Galecki
- Institute of General Food Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology & Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Zbigniew J Kaminski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Beata Kolesinska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
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19
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Opare SKA, Rauk A. Pseudopeptide Designed to Inhibit Oligomerization and Redox Chemistry in Alzheimer’s Disease. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:5206-5215. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b01665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley K. A. Opare
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada, T2N 1N4
| | - Arvi Rauk
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada, T2N 1N4
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20
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Habtemariam S. Natural Products in Alzheimer's Disease Therapy: Would Old Therapeutic Approaches Fix the Broken Promise of Modern Medicines? Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081519. [PMID: 30999702 PMCID: PMC6514598 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive progress in understanding the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) over the last 50 years, clinical trials based on the amyloid-beta (Aβ) hypothesis have kept failing in late stage human trials. As a result, just four old drugs of limited clinical outcomes and numerous side effects are currently used for AD therapy. This article assesses the common pharmacological targets and therapeutic principles for current and future drugs. It also underlines the merits of natural products acting through a polytherapeutic approach over a monotherapy option of AD therapy. Multi-targeting approaches through general antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms coupled with specific receptor and/or enzyme-mediated effects in neuroprotection, neuroregeneration, and other rational perspectives of novel drug discovery are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories & Herbal Analysis Services UK, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
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21
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Sivanesam K, Andersen N. Pre-structured hydrophobic peptide β-strands: A universal amyloid trap? Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 664:51-61. [PMID: 30707943 PMCID: PMC7094768 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid fibril formation has long been studied because of the variety of proteins that are capable of adopting this structure despite sharing little sequence homology. This makes amyloid fibrils a challenging focus for inhibition studies because the peptides and proteins that form amyloid fibrils cannot be targeted based on a sequence motif. Most peptide inhibitors that target specific amyloidogenic proteins rely heavily on sequence recognition to ensure that the inhibitory peptide is able to bind its target. This approach is limited to targeting one amyloidogenic protein at a time. However, there is increasing evidence of cross-reactivity between amyloid-forming polypeptides. It has therefore become more useful to study the similarities between these proteins that goes beyond their sequence homology. Indeed, the observation that amyloidogenic proteins adopt similar secondary structures along the pathway to fibril formation opens the way to an interesting investigation: the development of inhibitors that could be universal amyloid traps. The review below will analyze two specific amyloidogenic proteins, α-synuclein and human amylin, and introduce a small number of peptides that have been shown to be capable of inhibiting the amyloidogenesis of both of these very dissimilar polypeptides. Some of the inhibitory peptide motifs may indeed, be applicable to Aβ and other amyloidogenic systems.
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22
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Mehrazma B, Opare S, Petoyan A, Rauk A. d-Amino Acid Pseudopeptides as Potential Amyloid-Beta Aggregation Inhibitors. Molecules 2018; 23:E2387. [PMID: 30231520 PMCID: PMC6225248 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A causative factor for neurotoxicity associated with Alzheimer's disease is the aggregation of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide into soluble oligomers. Two all d-amino acid pseudo-peptides, SGB1 and SGD1, were designed to stop the aggregation. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been carried out to study the interaction of the pseudo-peptides with both Aβ13⁻23 (the core recognition site of Aβ) and full-length Aβ1⁻42. Umbrella sampling MD calculations have been used to estimate the free energy of binding, ∆G, of these peptides to Aβ13⁻23. The highest ∆Gbinding is found for SGB1. Each of the pseudo-peptides was also docked to Aβ1⁻42 and subjected up to seven microseconds of all atom molecular dynamics simulations. The resulting structures lend insight into how the dynamics of Aβ1⁻42 are altered by complexation with the pseudo-peptides and confirmed that SGB1 may be a better candidate for developing into a drug to prevent Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banafsheh Mehrazma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary; Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Stanley Opare
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary; Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Anahit Petoyan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary; Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Arvi Rauk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary; Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
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23
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Kouza M, Co NT, Li MS, Kmiecik S, Kolinski A, Kloczkowski A, Buhimschi IA. Kinetics and mechanical stability of the fibril state control fibril formation time of polypeptide chains: A computational study. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:215106. [PMID: 29884031 DOI: 10.1063/1.5028575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibril formation resulting from protein misfolding and aggregation is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Despite much progress in the understanding of the protein aggregation process, the factors governing fibril formation rates and fibril stability have not been fully understood. Using lattice models, we have shown that the fibril formation time is controlled by the kinetic stability of the fibril state but not by its energy. Having performed all-atom explicit solvent molecular dynamics simulations with the GROMOS43a1 force field for full-length amyloid beta peptides Aβ40 and Aβ42 and truncated peptides, we demonstrated that kinetic stability can be accessed via mechanical stability in such a way that the higher the mechanical stability or the kinetic stability, the faster the fibril formation. This result opens up a new way for predicting fibril formation rates based on mechanical stability that may be easily estimated by steered molecular dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Kouza
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nguyen Truong Co
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mai Suan Li
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sebastian Kmiecik
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kolinski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kloczkowski
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, The Research Nationwide Children's Hospital, 575 Children's Crossroad, Columbus, Ohio 43215, USA
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24
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Boehringer R, Kieffer B, Torbeev V. Total chemical synthesis and biophysical properties of a designed soluble 24 kDa amyloid analogue. Chem Sci 2018; 9:5594-5599. [PMID: 30061991 PMCID: PMC6049524 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01790e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A soluble amyloid analogue was designed and prepared by total chemical synthesis using native chemical ligation.
Discovering molecular probes that specifically recognize distinct amyloid structures is highly important for physiological studies of protein-misfolding diseases as well as for the development of diagnostic reagents and inhibitors of amyloid self-assembly. Here, we demonstrate an approach that allows for identification of N-methylated peptides that are specific binders for a particular amyloid fiber subtype (or polymorph). Protein design and chemical synthesis were used to produce covalently tethered amyloid analogues with molecular masses approaching 24 kDa and containing nine copies of an amyloidogenic peptide. Such engineered constructs served as a molecular testing platform to evaluate the aggregation properties and solubility as a function of N-methylation pattern. An advantage of the method is the possibility of biophysical characterization of amyloid constructs in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Régis Boehringer
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) , International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry (icFRC) , University of Strasbourg , CNRS (UMR 7006) , Strasbourg , France .
| | - Bruno Kieffer
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology , Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) , INSERM (U964) , University of Strasbourg , CNRS (UMR 7104) , Illkirch , France
| | - Vladimir Torbeev
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) , International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry (icFRC) , University of Strasbourg , CNRS (UMR 7006) , Strasbourg , France .
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25
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Lin CY, Cheng YS, Liao TY, Lin C, Chen ZT, Twu WI, Chang CW, Tan DTW, Liu RS, Tu PH, Chen RPY. Intranasal Administration of a Polyethylenimine-Conjugated Scavenger Peptide Reduces Amyloid-β Accumulation in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 53:1053-67. [PMID: 27340844 DOI: 10.3233/jad-151024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation in the brain plays a central and initiatory role in pathogenesis and/or progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Inhibiting Aβ aggregation is a potential strategy in the prevention of AD. A scavenger peptide, V24P(10-40), designed to decrease Aβ accumulation in the brain, was conjugated to polyethylenimine (PEI) and tested as a preventive/therapeutic strategy for AD in this study. This PEI-conjugated V24P(10-40) peptide was delivered intranasally, as nasal drops, to four-month-old APP/PS1 double transgenic mice for four or eight months. Compared with control values, peptide treatment for four months significantly reduced the amount of GdnHCl-extracted Aβ40 and Aβ42 in the mice's hippocampus and cortex. After treatment for eight months, amyloid load, as quantified by Pittsburgh compound B microPET imaging, was significantly decreased in the mice's hippocampus, cortex, amygdala, and olfactory bulb. Our data suggest that this intranasally delivered scavenger peptide is effective in decreasing Aβ accumulation in the brain of AD transgenic mice. Nasal application of peptide drops is easy to use and could be further developed to prevent and treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yun Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sung Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Yan Liao
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Ten Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Woan-Ing Twu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Chang
- Biomedical Imaging Research Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Yang Ming University and Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - David Tat-Wei Tan
- Biomedical Imaging Research Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Yang Ming University and Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Shyan Liu
- Biomedical Imaging Research Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Yang Ming University and Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Molecular and Genetic Imaging Core, Taiwan Mouse Clinic, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pang-Hsien Tu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rita P-Y Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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26
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Wałęsa R, Broda MA. The influence of solvent on conformational properties of peptides with Aib residue-a DFT study. J Mol Model 2017; 23:349. [PMID: 29164349 PMCID: PMC5698364 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3508-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The conformational propensities of the Aib residue on the example of two model peptides Ac-Aib-NHMe (1) and Ac-Aib-NMe2 (2), were studied by B3LYP and M06-2X functionals, in the gas phase and in the polar solvents. To verify the reliability of selected functionals, we also performed MP2 calculations for the tested molecules in vacuum. Polarizable continuum models (PCM and SMD) were used to estimate the solvent effect. Ramachandran maps were calculated to find all energy minima. Noncovalent intramolecular interactions due to hydrogen-bonds and dipole attractions between carbonyl groups are responsible for the relative stabilities of the conformers. In order to verify the theoretical results, the available conformations of similar X-ray structures from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Center (CCDC) were analyzed. The results of the calculations show that both derivatives with the Aib residue in the gas phase prefer structures stabilized by intramolecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, i.e., C5 and C7 conformations, while polar solvent promotes helical conformation with φ, ψ values equal to +/-60°, +/-40°. In addition, in the case of molecule 2, the helical conformation is the only one available in the polar environment. This result is fully consistent with the X-ray data. Graphical abstract Effect of solvent on the Ramachandran maps of the model peptides with Aib residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roksana Wałęsa
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, 48, Oleska St., 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Małgorzata A. Broda
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, 48, Oleska St., 45-052 Opole, Poland
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27
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Stark T, Lieblein T, Pohland M, Kalden E, Freund P, Zangl R, Grewal R, Heilemann M, Eckert GP, Morgner N, Göbel MW. Peptidomimetics That Inhibit and Partially Reverse the Aggregation of Aβ1–42. Biochemistry 2017; 56:4840-4849. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rekha Grewal
- Institute
of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Wilhelmstrasse
20, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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28
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Pseudo-peptide amyloid-β blocking inhibitors: molecular dynamics and single molecule force spectroscopy study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2017; 1865:1707-1718. [PMID: 28844735 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
By combining MD simulations and AFS experimental technique, we demonstrated a powerful approach for rational design and single molecule testing of novel inhibitor molecules which can block amyloid-amyloid binding - the first step of toxic amyloid oligomer formation. We designed and tested novel pseudo-peptide amyloid-β (Aβ) inhibitors that bind to the Aβ peptide and effectively prevent amyloid-amyloid binding. First, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have provided information on the structures and binding characteristics of the designed pseudo-peptides targeting amyloid fragment Aβ (13-23). The binding affinities between the inhibitor and Aβ as well as the inhibitor to itself have been estimated using Umbrella Sampling calculations. Atomic Force Spectroscopy (AFS) was used to experimentally test several proposed inhibitors in their ability to block amyloid-amyloid binding - the first step of toxic amyloid oligomer formation. The experimental AFS data are in a good agreement with theoretical MD calculations and demonstrate that three proposed pseudo-peptides bind to amyloid fragment with different affinities and all effectively prevent Aβ-Aβ binding in similar way. We propose that the designed pseudo-peptides can be used as potential drug candidates to prevent Aβ toxicity in Alzheimer's disease.
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Shamsi TN, Athar T, Parveen R, Fatima S. A review on protein misfolding, aggregation and strategies to prevent related ailments. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 105:993-1000. [PMID: 28743576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to highlight the fundamental mechanism of protein misfolding leading to protein aggregation and associated diseases. It also aims to anticipate novel therapeutic strategies with which to prevent or treat these highly debilitating conditions linked to these pathologies. The failure of a protein to correctly fold de novo or to remain correctly folded can have profound consequences on a living system especially when the cellular quality control processes fail to eliminate the rogue proteins. The core cause of over 20 different human diseases which have now been designated as 'conformational diseases' including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) etc. A comprehensive study on protein misfolding, aggregation, and the outcomes of the effects of cytotoxic aggregates will lead to understand the aggregation-mediated cell toxicity and serves as a foundation for future research in development of promising therapies and drugs. This review has also shed light on the mechanism of protein misfolding which leads to its aggregation and hence the neurodegeneration. From these considerations, one could also envisage the possibility that protein aggregation may be exploited by nature to perform specific physiological functions in differing biological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tooba Naz Shamsi
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Teeba Athar
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Romana Parveen
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Sadaf Fatima
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
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Li N, Jang H, Yuan M, Li W, Yun X, Lee J, Du Q, Nussinov R, Hou J, Lal R, Zhang F. Graphite-Templated Amyloid Nanostructures Formed by a Potential Pentapeptide Inhibitor for Alzheimer's Disease: A Combined Study of Real-Time Atomic Force Microscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:6647-6656. [PMID: 28605901 PMCID: PMC7900909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of peptides is closely related to many diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and prion diseases. Understanding the basic mechanism of this assembly is essential for designing ultimate cure and preventive measures. Template-assisted self-assembly (TASA) of peptides on inorganic substrates can provide fundamental understanding of substrate-dependent peptides assemble, including the role of hydrophobic interface on the peptide fibrillization. Here, we have studied the self-assembly process of a potential pentapeptide inhibitor on the surface of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) using real time atomic force microscopy (RT-AFM) as well as molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Experimental and simulation results show nanofilament formation consisting of β-sheet structures and epitaxial growth on HOPG. Height analysis of the nanofilaments and MD simulation indicate that the peptides adopt a lying down configuration of double-layered antiparallel β-sheets for its epitaxial growth, and the number of nanofilament layers is concentration-dependent. These findings provide new perspective for the mechanism of peptide-based fibrillization in amyloid diseases as well as for designing well-ordered micrometrical and nanometrical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Agricultural Nanocenter, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Ming Yuan
- Agricultural Nanocenter, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Wanrong Li
- Agricultural Nanocenter, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Xiaolin Yun
- Agricultural Nanocenter, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Joon Lee
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093 United States
| | - Qiqige Du
- Agricultural Nanocenter, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Jiahua Hou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Ratnesh Lal
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093 United States
| | - Feng Zhang
- Agricultural Nanocenter, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, China
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093 United States
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Xie H, Peng J, Liu C, Fang X, Duan H, Zou Y, Yang Y, Wang C. Aromatic-interaction-mediated inhibition of β-amyloid assembly structures and cytotoxicity. J Pept Sci 2017; 23:679-684. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanyi Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology; Beijing 100190 PR China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Peking University; Beijing 100871 PR China
| | - Jiaxi Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology; Beijing 100190 PR China
| | - Changliang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology; Beijing 100190 PR China
| | - Xiaocui Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology; Beijing 100190 PR China
| | - Hongyang Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology; Beijing 100190 PR China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Peking University; Beijing 100871 PR China
| | - Yimin Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology; Beijing 100190 PR China
| | - Yanlian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology; Beijing 100190 PR China
| | - Chen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology; Beijing 100190 PR China
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Castelletto V, Ryumin P, Cramer R, Hamley IW, Taylor M, Allsop D, Reza M, Ruokolainen J, Arnold T, Hermida-Merino D, Garcia CI, Leal MC, Castaño E. Self-Assembly and Anti-Amyloid Cytotoxicity Activity of Amyloid beta Peptide Derivatives. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43637. [PMID: 28272542 PMCID: PMC5341572 DOI: 10.1038/srep43637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The self-assembly of two derivatives of KLVFF, a fragment Aβ(16-20) of the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide, is investigated and recovery of viability of neuroblastoma cells exposed to Aβ (1-42) is observed at sub-stoichiometric peptide concentrations. Fluorescence assays show that NH2-KLVFF-CONH2 undergoes hydrophobic collapse and amyloid formation at the same critical aggregation concentration (cac). In contrast, NH2-K(Boc)LVFF-CONH2 undergoes hydrophobic collapse at a low concentration, followed by amyloid formation at a higher cac. These findings are supported by the β-sheet features observed by FTIR. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry indicates that NH2-K(Boc)LVFF-CONH2 forms a significant population of oligomeric species above the cac. Cryo-TEM, used together with SAXS to determine fibril dimensions, shows that the length and degree of twisting of peptide fibrils seem to be influenced by the net peptide charge. Grazing incidence X-ray scattering from thin peptide films shows features of β-sheet ordering for both peptides, along with evidence for lamellar ordering of NH2-KLVFF-CONH2. This work provides a comprehensive picture of the aggregation properties of these two KLVFF derivatives and shows their utility, in unaggregated form, in restoring the viability of neuroblastoma cells against Aβ-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Castelletto
- School of Chemistry, Pharmacy and Food Biosciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, UK
| | - P. Ryumin
- School of Chemistry, Pharmacy and Food Biosciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, UK
| | - R. Cramer
- School of Chemistry, Pharmacy and Food Biosciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, UK
| | - I. W. Hamley
- School of Chemistry, Pharmacy and Food Biosciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, UK
| | - M. Taylor
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - D. Allsop
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - M. Reza
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Aalto FI-00076, Finland
| | - J. Ruokolainen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Aalto FI-00076, Finland
| | - T. Arnold
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - D. Hermida-Merino
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, ESRF, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - C. I. Garcia
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M. C. Leal
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E. Castaño
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Adamska-Bartłomiejczyk A, Janecka A, Szabó MR, Cerlesi MC, Calo G, Kluczyk A, Tömböly C, Borics A. Cyclic mu-opioid receptor ligands containing multiple N-methylated amino acid residues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1644-1648. [PMID: 28318942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study we report the in vitro activities of four cyclic opioid peptides with various sequence length/macrocycle size and N-methylamino acid residue content. N-Methylated amino acids were incorporated and cyclization was employed to enhance conformational rigidity to various extent. The effect of such modifications on ligand structure and binding properties were studied. The pentapeptide containing one endocyclic and one exocyclic N-methylated amino acid displayed the highest affinity to the mu-opioid receptor. This peptide was also shown to be a full agonist, while the other analogs failed to activate the mu opioid receptor. Results of molecular docking studies provided rationale for the explanation of binding properties on a structural basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Adamska-Bartłomiejczyk
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Janecka
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Márton Richárd Szabó
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Maria Camilla Cerlesi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Girolamo Calo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alicja Kluczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Csaba Tömböly
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Attila Borics
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged H-6726, Hungary.
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34
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Goyal D, Shuaib S, Mann S, Goyal B. Rationally Designed Peptides and Peptidomimetics as Inhibitors of Amyloid-β (Aβ) Aggregation: Potential Therapeutics of Alzheimer's Disease. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2017; 19:55-80. [PMID: 28045249 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.6b00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with no clinically accepted treatment to cure or halt its progression. The worldwide effort to develop peptide-based inhibitors of amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation can be considered an unplanned combinatorial experiment. An understanding of what has been done and achieved may advance our understanding of AD pathology and the discovery of effective therapeutic agents. We review here the history of such peptide-based inhibitors, including those based on the Aβ sequence and those not derived from that sequence, containing both natural and unnatural amino acid building blocks. Peptide-based aggregation inhibitors hold significant promise for future AD therapy owing to their high selectivity, effectiveness, low toxicity, good tolerance, low accumulation in tissues, high chemical and biological diversity, possibility of rational design, and highly developed methods for analyzing their mode of action, proteolytic stability (modified peptides), and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Goyal
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib-140406, Punjab, India
| | - Suniba Shuaib
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib-140406, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhmani Mann
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib-140406, Punjab, India
| | - Bhupesh Goyal
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib-140406, Punjab, India
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35
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36
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Kouza M, Banerji A, Kolinski A, Buhimschi IA, Kloczkowski A. Oligomerization of FVFLM peptides and their ability to inhibit beta amyloid peptides aggregation: consideration as a possible model. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:2990-2999. [PMID: 28079198 PMCID: PMC5305032 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07145g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia, a pregnancy-specific disorder, shares typical pathophysiological features with protein misfolding disorders including Alzheimer's disease. Characteristic for preeclampsia is the involvement of multiple proteins of which fragments of SERPINA1 and β-amyloid co-aggregate in urine and placenta of preeclamptic women. To explore the biophysical basis of this interaction, we investigated the multidimensional efficacy of the FVFLM sequence in SERPINA1, as a model inhibitory agent of β-amyloid aggregation. After studying the oligomerization of FVFLM peptides using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations with the GROMOS43a1 force field and explicit water, we report that FVFLM can aggregate and its aggregation is spontaneous with a remarkably faster rate than that recorded for KLVFF (aggregation "hot-spot" from β-amyloid). The fast kinetics of FVFLM aggregation was found to be driven primarily by core-like aromatic interactions originating from the anti-parallel orientation of complementarily uncharged strands. The conspicuously stable aggregation mechanism observed for FVFLM peptides is found not to conform to the popular 'dock-lock' scheme. We also found high propensity of FVFLM for KLVFF binding. When present, FVFLM disrupts the β-amyloid aggregation pathway and we propose that FVFLM-like peptides might be used to prevent the assembly of full-length Aβ or other pro-amyloidogenic peptides into amyloid fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kouza
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland. and Nationwide Children's Hospital, Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
| | - A Banerji
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
| | - A Kolinski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - I A Buhimschi
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
| | - A Kloczkowski
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, Columbus, OH 43215, USA and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
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Sivanesam K, Andersen NH. Modulating the Amyloidogenesis of α-Synuclein. Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 14:226-37. [PMID: 26517049 PMCID: PMC4857621 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666151030103153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-Synuclein is found in the neuronal cells but its native function is not well known. While α -synuclein is an intrinsically disordered protein that adopts a helical conformation upon membrane binding, numerous studies have shown that oligomeric β-forms of this protein are cytotoxic. This response to misfolded species contributes to Parkinson's Disease etiology and symptoms. The resulting amyloid fibrils are an established diagnostic in Parkinson's Disease. In this review, we focus on strategies that have been used to inhibit the amyloidogenesis of α -synuclein either by stabilizing the native state, or by redirecting the pathway to less toxic aggregates. Small molecules such as polyphenols, peptides as well as large proteins have proven effective at protecting cells against the cytotoxicity of α-synuclein. These strategies may lead to the development of therapeutic agents that could prove useful in combating this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niels H Andersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Kumar V, Sami N, Kashav T, Islam A, Ahmad F, Hassan MI. Protein aggregation and neurodegenerative diseases: From theory to therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 124:1105-1120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Effect of PEGylated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) under magnetic field on amyloid beta fibrillation process. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 59:390-397. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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The Therapeutic Potential of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) Diterpenes for Alzheimer's Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:2680409. [PMID: 26941822 PMCID: PMC4749867 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2680409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is one of the most economically important species of the family Lamiaceae. Native to the Mediterranean region, the plant is now widely distributed all over the world mainly due to its culinary, medicinal, and commercial uses including in the fragrance and food industries. Among the most important group of compounds isolated from the plant are the abietane-type phenolic diterpenes that account for most of the antioxidant and many pharmacological activities of the plant. Rosemary diterpenes have also been shown in recent years to inhibit neuronal cell death induced by a variety of agents both in vitro and in vivo. The therapeutic potential of these compounds for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is reviewed in this communication by giving special attention to the chemistry of the compounds along with the various pharmacological targets of the disease. The multifunctional nature of the compounds from the general antioxidant-mediated neuronal protection to other specific mechanisms including brain inflammation and amyloid beta (Aβ) formation, polymerisation, and pathologies is discussed.
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42
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Helmer D, Schmitz K. Peptides and Peptide Analogs to Inhibit Protein-Protein Interactions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 917:147-83. [PMID: 27236556 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-32805-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions are governed by relatively few amino acid residues at the binding interface. Peptides derived from these protein regions may serve as mimics of one of the interaction partners in structural studies or as inhibitors to disrupt the respective interaction and investigate its biological consequences. Inhibitory peptides may also be lead structures for drug development if the respective protein-protein interaction is essential for a pathogen or disease mechanism. Binding peptides may be systematically derived from one of the binding partners or found in the screen of combinatorial peptide libraries. Molecular modelling based on structural data helps to refine existing peptides or even design novel binding peptides. This chapter gives an outline of the binding peptide discovery process and subsequent chemical modifications to further enhance affinity and specificity and to increase stability against degradation in vivo. Examples from the past three decades illustrate the great diversity of applications for protein binding peptides and peptide analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Helmer
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Katja Schmitz
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
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Hiramatsu H, Ochiai H, Komuro T. Effects of N-Methylated Amyloid-β30-40Peptides on the Fibrillation of Amyloid-β1-40. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 87:425-33. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotsugu Hiramatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tohoku University; Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Hironori Ochiai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tohoku University; Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Komuro
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tohoku University; Sendai 980-8578 Japan
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44
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Adamska A, Kolesińska B, Kluczyk A, Kamiński ZJ, Janecka A. Synthesis of linear and cyclic opioid-based peptide analogs containing multipleN-methylated amino acid residues. J Pept Sci 2015; 21:807-10. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Adamska
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry; Medical University of Lodz; Poland, Mazowiecka 6/8 92-215 Lodz Poland
| | - Beata Kolesińska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Lodz University of Technology; Zeromskiego 116 90-924 Lodz Poland
| | - Alicja Kluczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Wroclaw; F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Zbigniew J. Kamiński
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Lodz University of Technology; Zeromskiego 116 90-924 Lodz Poland
| | - Anna Janecka
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry; Medical University of Lodz; Poland, Mazowiecka 6/8 92-215 Lodz Poland
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Barage SH, Sonawane KD. Amyloid cascade hypothesis: Pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropeptides 2015; 52:1-18. [PMID: 26149638 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is an irreversible, progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Various therapeutic approaches are being used to improve the cholinergic neurotransmission, but their role in AD pathogenesis is still unknown. Although, an increase in tau protein concentration in CSF has been described in AD, but several issues remains unclear. Extensive and accurate analysis of CSF could be helpful to define presence of tau proteins in physiological conditions, or released during the progression of neurodegenerative disease. The amyloid cascade hypothesis postulates that the neurodegeneration in AD caused by abnormal accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques in various areas of the brain. The amyloid hypothesis has continued to gain support over the last two decades, particularly from genetic studies. Therefore, current research progress in several areas of therapies shall provide an effective treatment to cure this devastating disease. This review critically evaluates general biochemical and physiological functions of Aβ directed therapeutics and their relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar H Barage
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, Maharashtra (M.S.), India
| | - Kailas D Sonawane
- Structural Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, Maharashtra (M.S.), India; Department of Microbiology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, Maharashtra (M.S.), India.
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46
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Rajasekhar K, Suresh SN, Manjithaya R, Govindaraju T. Rationally designed peptidomimetic modulators of aβ toxicity in Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8139. [PMID: 25633824 PMCID: PMC4311240 DOI: 10.1038/srep08139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is one of the devastating illnesses mankind is facing in the 21st century. The main pathogenic event in Alzheimer's disease is believed to be the aggregation of the β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides into toxic aggregates. Molecules that interfere with this process may act as therapeutic agents for the treatment of the disease. Use of recognition unit based peptidomimetics as inhibitors are a promising approach, as they exhibit greater protease stability compared to natural peptides. Here, we present peptidomimetic inhibitors of Aβ aggregation designed based on the KLVFF (P1) sequence that is known to bind Aβ aggregates. We improved inhibition efficiency of P1 by introducing multiple hydrogen bond donor-acceptor moieties (thymine/barbiturate) at the N-terminal (P2 and P3), and blood serum stability by modifying the backbone by incorporating sarcosine (N-methylglycine) units at alternate positions (P4 and P5). The peptidomimetics showed moderate to good activity in both inhibition and dissolution of Aβ aggregates as depicted by thioflavin assay, circular dichroism (CD) measurements and microscopy (TEM). The activity of P4 and P5 were studied in a yeast cell model showing Aβ toxicity. P4 and P5 could rescue yeast cells from Aβ toxicity and Aβ aggregates were cleared by the process of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Rajasekhar
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - S. N. Suresh
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravi Manjithaya
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - T. Govindaraju
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
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Ochiai H, Komuro T, Hiramatsu H. The Extinction Coefficient of N-Methylated Aβ30–40 Depends on the Position of N-Methylation. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.140851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Ochiai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Tomoyuki Komuro
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
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48
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Gazdik M, O'Neill MT, Lopaticki S, Lowes KN, Smith BJ, Cowman AF, Boddey JA, Sleebs BE. The effect of N-methylation on transition state mimetic inhibitors of the Plasmodium protease, plasmepsin V. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00409d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An N-methylation strategy has been applied to transition state mimetics that are potent inhibitors of plasmepsin V to improve their physical characteristics and their ability to reduce the viability of Plasmodium parasites in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Gazdik
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research
- Parkville
- Australia
- Department of Medical Biology
- The University of Melbourne
| | - Matthew T. O'Neill
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research
- Parkville
- Australia
- Department of Medical Biology
- The University of Melbourne
| | - Sash Lopaticki
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research
- Parkville
- Australia
- Department of Medical Biology
- The University of Melbourne
| | - Kym N. Lowes
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research
- Parkville
- Australia
- Department of Medical Biology
- The University of Melbourne
| | | | - Alan F. Cowman
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research
- Parkville
- Australia
- Department of Medical Biology
- The University of Melbourne
| | - Justin A. Boddey
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research
- Parkville
- Australia
- Department of Medical Biology
- The University of Melbourne
| | - Brad E. Sleebs
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research
- Parkville
- Australia
- Department of Medical Biology
- The University of Melbourne
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49
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Antimisiaris S, Mourtas S, Markoutsa E, Skouras A, Papadia K. Nanoparticles for Diagnosis and/or Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Adv Healthc Mater 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118774205.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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50
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Targeted studies on the interaction of nicotine and morin molecules with amyloid β-protein. J Mol Model 2014; 20:2109. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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