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Wong CSM, Chan WC, Lo KWY, Chen EYH, Lam LCW. Environmental stress and emotional reactivity: an exploratory experience sampling method study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1375735. [PMID: 38774437 PMCID: PMC11106578 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1375735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown a relationship between environments and mental health. However, limited studies have investigated the impact of environment stress (ES) on emotional reactivity. Our study aimed to fill this gap by examining how daily ES affects momentary emotional reactivity using experience sampling method (ESM). Methods Participants were randomly recruited from a prospective cohort study in Hong Kong to participate in a 7-day ESM study. The participants received eight electronic signals daily assessing their ES, positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA). Participants were categorized into depressed group or control group based on Revised Clinical Interview Schedule. Psychometric properties of the ESM assessment were evaluated. Multilevel linear regression analyzes were conducted to examine the association of ES with PA, NA and the group status of the participants (cases versus controls). Results A total of 15 participants with depression and 15 healthy controls were recruited, and 1307 momentary assessments were completed with a compliance rate of 77.8%. The depressed group demonstrated a significant increase in NA in response to ES, while the control group showed a decrease in PA. In addition, the depressed group reported a lower perception of control and interaction with their environment compared to the control group. Conclusion Using ESM, a valid, reliable, and easy-to-use self-reporting tool, our findings provided valuable insights on the potential mechanisms underlying emotional responses to stressful environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corine Sau Man Wong
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai Chi Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kristen Wing Yan Lo
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eric Yu Hai Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Psychosis, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Linda Chiu Wa Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Foster M, Fix GM, Hyde J, Dunlap S, Byrne TH, Sugie NF, Kuhn R, Gabrielian S, Roncarati JS, Zhao S, McInnes DK. Capturing the Dynamics of Homelessness Through Ethnography and Mobile Technology: Protocol for the Development and Testing of a Smartphone Technology-Supported Intervention. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e53022. [PMID: 38648101 PMCID: PMC11074893 DOI: 10.2196/53022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND US military veterans who have experienced homelessness often have high rates of housing transition. Disruptions caused by these transitions likely exacerbate this population's health problems and interfere with access to care and treatment engagement. Individuals experiencing homelessness increasingly use smartphones, contributing to improved access to medical and social services. Few studies have used smartphones as a data collection tool to systematically collect information about the daily life events that precede and contribute to housing transitions, in-the-moment emotions, behaviors, geographic movements, and perceived social support. OBJECTIVE The study aims to develop and test a smartphone app to collect longitudinal data from veterans experiencing homelessness (VEH) and to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of using the app in a population that is unstably housed or homeless. METHODS This study's design had 3 phases. Phase 1 used ethnographic methods to capture detailed data on day-to-day lived experiences of up to 30 VEH on topics such as housing stability, health, and health behaviors. Phase 2 involved focus groups and usability testing to develop and refine mobile phone data collection methods. Phase 3 piloted the smartphone mobile data collection with 30 VEH. We included mobile ethnography, real-time surveys through an app, and the collection of GPS data in phase 3. RESULTS The project was launched in June 2020, and at this point, some data collection and analysis for phases 1 and 2 are complete. This project is currently in progress. CONCLUSIONS This multiphase study will provide rich data on the context and immediate events leading to housing transitions among VEH. This study will ensure the development of a smartphone app that will match the actual needs of VEH by involving them in the design process from the beginning. Finally, this study will offer important insights into how best to develop a smartphone app that can help intervene among VEH to reduce housing transitions. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/53022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marva Foster
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gemmae M Fix
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, United States
| | - Justeen Hyde
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, United States
| | - Shawn Dunlap
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, United States
| | - Thomas H Byrne
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, United States
- Department of Social Welfare Policy, Boston University School of Social Work, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Naomi F Sugie
- Department of Criminology, Law and Society, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Randall Kuhn
- Department of Community Health Services, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sonya Gabrielian
- Department of Mental Health, VA Greater Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jill S Roncarati
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, United States
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shibei Zhao
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, United States
| | - D Keith McInnes
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, United States
- Department of Health Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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Dyar C. The cumulative effects of stigma-related stress: Chronic stigma-related stress exposure exacerbates daily associations between enacted stigma and anxious/depressed affect. Soc Sci Med 2024; 344:116604. [PMID: 38281458 PMCID: PMC10923191 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sexual and gender minority individuals are at elevated risk for mood and anxiety disorders compared to heterosexual and cisgender individuals. Ecological momentary assessments studies have implicated experiences of enacted stigma (i.e., biased treatment) by linking these experiences with elevations in anxious and depressed affect. The current study utilizes a theory from the broader stress and affect literature to determine whether chronic enacted stigma exposure amplifies individuals' negative affective reactions to experiences of enacted stigma at the daily level. METHODS We used data from a 30-day ecological momentary assessment study with 429 sexual minority women and gender diverse sexual minorities assigned female at birth (SMWGD) living in the US in 2020-21 to determine whether concurrent and prospective event-level associations between enacted stigma, anxious/depressed affect, and perceived coping efficacy were moderated by chronic enacted stigma exposure. RESULTS Results demonstrate that individuals with moderate to high chronic stigma exposure experience larger increases in anxious/depressed affect and larger decreases in perceived coping efficacy following daily experiences of enacted stigma. Further, these effects of daily stigma on anxious/depressed affect persist for longer among individuals with high chronic stigma exposure. Interestingly, chronic stigma exposure did not moderate associations between daily general stressors (i.e., those unrelated to identity) and affect or perceived coping efficacy, suggesting that these effects are specific to stigma-related stressors. CONCLUSIONS These results help to advance our understanding of both long-term and daily effects of exposure to enacted stigma, highlighting the potentially profound cumulative effects of stigma exposure and the need to intervene in this cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Dyar
- College of Nursing, Ohio State University, 393 Newton Hall 1585 Neil Ave Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Weitkamp K, Bodenmann G. Couples Coping Together: A Scoping Review of the Quantitative and Qualitative Evidence and Conceptual Work Across Three Decades. Front Psychol 2022; 13:876455. [PMID: 35756297 PMCID: PMC9226419 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.876455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyadic coping (DC), how couples cope together to deal with a stressor like chronic illness, has received increased attention over the last three decades. The aim of the current study was to summarize the current state of research on DC in couples. We conducted a scoping review of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies published between 1990 and 2020, assessing DC in couples during three decades. 5,705 studies were identified in three electronic databases and hand searches. We included 643 sources in this review (with a total of N = 112,923 study participants). Most studies were based in the global North, particularly in the US and Europe. Publication numbers increased constantly over time. A third of study designs were cross-sectional studies followed by qualitative and longitudinal studies. The most prolific DC research areas were related to DC and minor stressors and DC and major physical health stressors. Overall, DC has been established internationally as a highly relevant construct in many disciplines (clinical, social, developmental, personality psychology, social work, nursing etc.). To conclude, the review reveals that future studies should focus on predictors, trajectories, and the importance of very specific DC behaviors for personal and dyadic functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Weitkamp
- Clinical Psychology for Children/Adolescents and Couples/Families, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guy Bodenmann
- Clinical Psychology for Children/Adolescents and Couples/Families, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Isolani S, Chiarolanza C, Glonfoni D, Basili E, Randall AK. Validation of the Italian version of the Chronic and Acute Stress Index (CASI): A self-report measure designed to assess stress for individuals in a romantic relationship. INTERPERSONA: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2022. [DOI: 10.5964/ijpr.7151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the Italian Health Ministry in 2017, more than 850,000 individuals in Italy have requested mental health services for various symptoms associated with psychological distress. Moreover, stress can affect not only individuals, but also their romantic relationships. To date, there is a lack of empirically validated measures that assess individuals’ perceptions of chronic and acute stressors. As such, the goal of the present study was to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Chronic and Acute Stress Index (CASI), a multi-item self-report measure designed to assess perceptions of chronic and acute stressors that originate from individuals and affect their romantic relationships. Utilizing self-report data from 849 individuals from Italy collected before June 2019, the CASI was found to have good reliability and showed appropriate convergent validity with stress and negative affect, and discriminant validity with relationship satisfaction and positive affect. Limitations and future directions as they pertain to research, practice, and consultation are discussed.
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Robinette JW, Piazza JR, Stawski RS. Neighborhood safety concerns and daily well-being: A national diary study. WELLBEING, SPACE AND SOCIETY 2021; 2:100047. [PMID: 35993028 PMCID: PMC9387756 DOI: 10.1016/j.wss.2021.100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
People living in unsafe neighborhoods often report poor health. The reasons for this are multi-faceted, but one possibility is that unsafe neighborhoods create a situation of chronic stress, which may deplete people's resources to cope with the daily stressors of life. How people respond to daily stressors (e.g., with increased self-reported negative affect and physical symptoms) is positively associated with health problems and may thus be one pathway linking perceptions of neighborhood safety to poor health. The current study investigated the relationship between neighborhood safety concerns, daily stressors, affective well-being, and physical health symptoms in a national sample of adults from the Midlife in the United States Study II (n = 1748). In 2004, participants reported neighborhood safety concerns and history of chronic stress exposure. Across eight days, they also reported daily stressors, physical symptoms and negative affect. Greater neighborhood safety concerns were associated with higher negative affect and more physical symptoms, adjusting for other sources of chronic stress. Moreover, lower perceived neighborhood safety was related to greater increases in negative affect and physical symptoms on days during which stressors were reported, even after accounting for established interactions between daily stressors and other sources of chronic stress. Exposure to neighborhoods perceived as unsafe is associated with poorer daily well-being and exacerbated responses to daily stressors, which may serve as an individual-level pathway contributing to poorer health among people living in neighborhoods perceived as unsafe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer W. Robinette
- Psychology Department, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA, 92866, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Piazza
- Department of Public Health, California State University, Fullerton, 800 North State College Blvd., Fullerton, CA, 92834, USA
| | - Robert S. Stawski
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, 2250 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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Demidenko MI, Ip KI, Kelly DP, Constante K, Goetschius LG, Keating DP. Ecological stress, amygdala reactivity, and internalizing symptoms in preadolescence: Is parenting a buffer? Cortex 2021; 140:128-144. [PMID: 33984711 PMCID: PMC8169639 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ecological stress during adolescent development may increase the sensitivity to negative emotional processes that can contribute to the onset and progression of internalizing behaviors during preadolescence. Although a small number of studies have considered the link among the relations between ecological stress, amygdala reactivity, and internalizing symptoms in childhood and adolescence, these studies have largely been small, cross-sectional, and often do not consider unique roles of parenting or sex. In the current study, we evaluated the interrelations between ecological stress, amygdala reactivity, subsequent internalizing symptoms, and the moderating roles of parenting and sex among 9- and 10-year-old preadolescents from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study ®. A subset of participants who met a priori quality control criteria for bilateral amygdala activation during the EN-back faces versus places contrast (N = 7,385; Mean Age = 120 months, SD = 7.52; 49.5% Female) were included in the study. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed to create a latent variable of ecological stress, and multiple structural equation models were tested to evaluate the association among baseline ecological stress and internalizing symptoms one year later, the mediating role of amygdala reactivity, and moderating effects of parental acceptance and sex. The results revealed a significant association between ecological stress and subsequent internalizing symptoms, which was greater in males than females. There was no association between amygdala reactivity during the Faces versus Places contrast and ecological stress or subsequent internalizing symptoms, and no mediating role of amygdala or moderating effect of parental acceptance on the association between ecological stress and internalizing symptoms. An alternative mediation model was tested which revealed that there was a small mediating effect of parental acceptance on the association between ecological stress and internalizing symptoms, demonstrating lower internalizing symptoms among preadolescents one year later. Given the lack of association in brain function, ecological stress and internalizing symptoms in preadolescents in this registered report, effects from comparable small studies should be reconsidered in larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ka I Ip
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, USA
| | | | | | | | - Daniel P Keating
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, USA; Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, USA
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Kaurin A, Wright AGC, Kamarck TW. Daily stress reactivity: The unique roles of personality and social support. J Pers 2021; 89:1012-1025. [PMID: 33745127 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The processes through which social support exerts its influence in daily life are not well understood. Arguably, its salutary effects as an environmental variable might be construed as shared effects of personality. METHOD To test this possibility, we investigated the unique and shared effects of personality and social support on daily stressor exposure (social conflict, task strain) and on the within-person association of stressor exposure with perceived stress. A community-sample of N = 391 adults completed an ambulatory assessment protocol for two 2-day periods with fixed hourly intervals spread across 16 hr. RESULTS Consistent with our preregistered hypotheses, multilevel structural equation models returned that both, personality and perceived social support, predicted daily stressor exposure and moderated within-person effects of daily stressors on perceived stress. In contrast to our hypotheses, received social support had no effect on daily stress processes. When Extraversion, Neuroticism, and social support were added as joint predictors, Neuroticism and Extraversion were related to stressor exposure, and further moderated the within-person link between stressor exposure and stress experience, while perceived social support had an incremental beneficial effect on social conflict exposure and stress appraisal. CONCLUSION Social support does not increment the well-established relationships between Neuroticism or Extraversion and stress reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kaurin
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aidan G C Wright
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thomas W Kamarck
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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9
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Nezlek JB, Allen MR. Social support as a moderator of day‐to‐day relationships between daily negative events and daily psychological well‐being. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Every day for 3 weeks, a sample of college students described the events that occurred each day and provided measures of their self‐esteem, depressogenic thinking and mood. They also provided measures of depressive symptoms and the social support they perceived from friends and family members. A series of multilevel random coefficient modelling analyses found that daily well‐being was positively related to the number of positive events that occurred each day and was negatively related to the number of negative events. Relationships between well‐being and positive events were stronger for more than for less depressed participants and relationships between well‐being and negative events were weaker for participants who perceived more support from friends than for those who perceived less support. Depression was unrelated to the strength of relationships between negative events and well‐being, and the social support from friends was unrelated to relationships between positive events and well‐being. Surprisingly, relationships between negative events and well‐being were stronger for participants who perceived more support from family members than for those who perceived less support. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B. Nezlek
- Department of Psychology, College of William & Mary, PO Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187‐8795, USA
| | - Monica R. Allen
- Department of Psychology, College of William & Mary, PO Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187‐8795, USA
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Chow CM, Hart E, Tan CC. Interactive role of weight status and fat talk on body dissatisfaction: an observation of women friends. Eat Weight Disord 2019; 24:869-878. [PMID: 30238235 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-018-0579-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The current study examined the interactive role of weight status and fat talk on body dissatisfaction among women friends. METHOD Sixty pairs of women friends completed a measure of body dissatisfaction and engaged in an observed fat talk interaction with their friend. RESULTS Women's weight status was related to their own, but not their friend's, body dissatisfaction. Observed fat talk was significantly related to individuals' own and their friend's body dissatisfaction. A significant interaction effect showed that the association between fat talk and body dissatisfaction was minimal for women with higher weight status. In contrast, fat talk was associated with more body dissatisfaction for women with lower weight status. CONCLUSION These findings suggest the importance of examining the conjoint effect of personal (e.g., weight status) and contextual (e.g., fat talk) factors on body image issues. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Man Chow
- Psychology Department, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, 48197, USA.
| | - Ellen Hart
- Psychology Department, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, 48197, USA
| | - Cin Cin Tan
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Shoffner MF, Vacc NA. Psychometric Analysis of the Inviting School Safety Survey. MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION IN COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/07481756.1999.12068972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie F. Shoffner
- Marie F. Shoffner is an assistant professor, and Nicholas A. Vacc is a professor, both in the Department of Counseling and Educational Development, School of Education, at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro
| | - Nicholas A. Vacc
- Marie F. Shoffner is an assistant professor, and Nicholas A. Vacc is a professor, both in the Department of Counseling and Educational Development, School of Education, at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro
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Koffer RE, Ram N, Conroy DE, Pincus AL, Almeida DM. Stressor diversity: Introduction and empirical integration into the daily stress model. Psychol Aging 2017; 31:301-20. [PMID: 27294713 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined whether and how stressor diversity, the extent to which stressor events are spread across multiple types of stressors, contributes to daily affective well-being through the adult life span. Stressor diversity was examined as a unique predictor of daily affect and as a moderator of stressor exposure and stressor reactivity effects. Analyses span 2 independent studies of daily stress: the National Study of Daily Experiences with N = 2,022 adults, aged 33 to 85 years, assessed over T = 8 days, and the Intraindividual Study of Affect, Health, and Interpersonal Behavior with N = 150 adults, aged 18 to 89 years, assessed over T = 63 days. Across both studies, older age was associated with less stressor diversity. Additionally, multivariate multilevel models indicated higher stressor diversity was linked with better affective well-being. Age, however, was not a consistent moderator of such associations. The combination of low stressor diversity and high stressor exposure is discussed as an operationalization of chronic stressors, and this combination was associated with particularly high negative affect and low positive affect. We believe further work will benefit from including both the frequency and diversity of stressor experiences in analyses in order to better characterize individuals' stressor experiences. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Koffer
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University
| | - Nilam Ram
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University
| | - David E Conroy
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University
| | | | - David M Almeida
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University
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Donald JN, Atkins PW, Parker PD, Christie AM, Ryan RM. Daily stress and the benefits of mindfulness: Examining the daily and longitudinal relations between present-moment awareness and stress responses. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lev-Wiesel R. Coping with the Stress Associated with Forced Relocation in the Golan Heights, Israel. JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0021886398342002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Living under the threat of possible relocation places exceptional demands on the residents of the Golan Heights (Israel). These may become stressors due to lack of adequate resources. This research sought to develop a multivariable paradigm to determine the contribution of personal resources in explaining stress. Personal resources were divided into three types: affective (potency and psychological sense of community), cognitive (political orientation and education), and instrumental (family status and gender). A random sample of 680 men and women participated. Stress was examined by a psychological equilibrium scale and state anxiety questionnaire. Path analysis and analysis of variance showed that potency had a greater impact on stress than did education or psychological sense of community. Anxiety was found to have an intervening role between demands and stress. This study contributes to further understanding the relationship among demands, resources, and stress in a population that lives under the shadow of relocation.
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Suls J, Martin R, David JP. Person-Environment Fit and its Limits: Agreeableness, Neuroticism, and Emotional Reactivity to Interpersonal Conflict. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0146167298241007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A naturalistic diary study was conducted to investigate the degree to which agreeableness and neuroticism moderate emotional reactions to conflict and nonconflict problems. Healthy community-residing males made diary recordings at the end of each of 8 successive days concerning problem occurrence and daily mood. Consistent with predictions based on person-environment fit, participants who scored higher in agreeableness experienced more subjective distress when they encountered more interpersonal conflicts than did their less agreeable counterparts. Neuroticism was related to a small but consistent reactivity to both conflict and nonconflict problems, contrary to person-environment fit. Reasons for the differences in the affective dynamics of agreeableness and neuroticism are discussed.
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Sheldon KM, Ryan R, Reis HT. What Makes for a Good Day? Competence and Autonomy in the Day and in the Person. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/01461672962212007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 489] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This diary study examined the proposal that satisfaction of two psychological needs, competence and autonomy, leads to daily well-being. Between-subjects analyses indicated that participants higher in trait competence and trait autonomy tended to have "better" days on average. Independently, within-subject analyses showed that good days were those in which participants felt more competent and autonomous in their daily activities, relative to their own baselines. Other predictors of daily well-being included gender, whether the day fell on a weekend, and the amount of negative affect and physical symptomatology felt the day before. Although past diary studies have tended to focus on threats to daily well-being, the authors suggest that psychological need concepts offer promise for understanding its positive sources.
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Neff LA, Karney BR. How Does Context Affect Intimate Relationships? Linking External Stress and Cognitive Processes within Marriage. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2016; 30:134-48. [PMID: 15030629 DOI: 10.1177/0146167203255984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Stressors external to the marriage frequently affect the way spouses evaluate their marital quality. To date, however,understanding of the interplay between external stress and internalrelationship processes has been limited in two ways. First,research has generally examined only the short-termconsequences of stress. Second, the mechanisms through whichexternal stressors influence relationship outcomes are unclear. Thisstudy addressed both limitations by examining relationshipcognitions that may mediate the effects of external stressthroughout 4 years of marriage. Analyses confirmed that stressfulexperiences were associated with the trajectory of marital quality overtime. Furthermore, both the content and the organization ofspouses’ specific relationship cognitions mediated this effect.That is, stress negatively influenced the nature of spouses’marital perceptions as well as the way spouses interpreted andprocessed those perceptions. These findings draw attention to waysthat the context of relationships shapes and constrainsrelationship processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Neff
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-2250, USA
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Cheng Lai A, Salili F. Stress and Coping Styles in Guangzhou Families with Hepatitis B Virus Children. J Health Psychol 2016; 3:539-50. [DOI: 10.1177/135910539800300407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted in Guangzhou, China. The study compared the stress coping styles of three groups of parents: (1) parents of children who are carriers of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) who attend a special health kindergarten; (2) parents of children with HBV who stay at home; and (3) parents of healthy children attending ordinary kindergarten. Parents of HBV children who stayed at home reported greater problems due to stress. The groups did not differ in reports of stress arising from life events other than their child's illness and the fact that their HBV-carrying children were prohibited from the kindergarten. Content analyses of the mothers' reported styles revealed five patterns of coping styles, which are explained with reference to the Chinese cultural context.
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Ilies R, Aw SS, Lim VK. A Naturalistic Multilevel Framework for Studying Transient and Chronic Effects of Psychosocial Work Stressors on Employee Health and Well-Being. APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/apps.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yarlagadda S, Maughan D, Lingwood S, Davison P. Sustainable psychiatry in the UK. PSYCHIATRIC BULLETIN 2014; 38:285-90. [PMID: 25505629 PMCID: PMC4248165 DOI: 10.1192/pb.bp.113.045054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Demands on our mental health services are growing as financial pressures increase. In addition, there are regular changes to service design and commissioning. The current political mantra is 'more and more, of better quality, for less and less, please'. We suggest that mental health services need to actively respond to these constraints and that clinical transformation is needed to move towards a more sustainable system of healthcare. Emphasis on prevention, patient empowerment and leaner, greener services is required alongside more extensive use of technologies. Focusing on these areas will make mental health services more responsive to the challenges we face and serve to future-proof psychiatry in the UK. Services need to be delivered to provide maximum benefit to the health of our patients, but also to our society and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Maughan
- Royal College of Psychiatrists, London ; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford
| | - Susie Lingwood
- Barnet, Enfield and Haringey Mental Health Trust, London
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Gewirtz AH, Zamir O. The impact of parental deployment to war on children: the crucial role of parenting. ADVANCES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR 2014; 46:89-112. [PMID: 24851347 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800285-8.00004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
It is estimated that approximately 2 million children have been affected by military deployment, yet much of what is known about the adjustment of children experiencing a parent's combat deployment has emerged only within the past 5-10 years. The extant literature on associations of parental deployment and children's adjustment is briefly reviewed by child's developmental stage. Applying a family stress model to the literature, we propose that the impact of parental deployment and reintegration on children's adjustment is largely mediated by parenting practices. Extensive developmental literature has demonstrated the importance of parenting for children's resilience in adverse contexts more generally, but not specifically in deployment contexts. We review the sparse literature on parenting in deployed families as well as emerging data on empirically supported parenting interventions for military families. An agenda for future research in this area is proffered.
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Qian XL, Yarnal CM, Almeida DM. Is leisure time availability associated with more or less severe daily stressors? An examination using eight-day diary data. LEISURE SCIENCES 2014; 36:35-51. [PMID: 24563564 PMCID: PMC3927970 DOI: 10.1080/01490400.2014.860782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The stress suppressing model proposes that sufficient resources reduce stress. The stress exposure model suggests that certain factors expose individuals to more stress. The current study tested these two models by assessing the within-person lagging effect of leisure time on perceived severity of daily stressors. Analyzing eight-day diary data (N=2,022), we found that having more leisure time than usual on a day reduced perceived severity of daily stressors the next day and that the decrease in severity became larger with further increase in leisure time. Additionally, the effect is much stronger among busy individuals who usually had little leisure time. The findings demonstrated an accelerated suppressing effect that differed between-person, and the lagging effect affords stronger implication for causality than correlational analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Careen M Yarnal
- Department of Recreation, Park, and Tourism Management The Pennsylvania State University
| | - David M Almeida
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies The Pennsylvania State University
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Qian XL, Yarnal CM, Almeida DM. Does leisure time moderate or mediate the effect of daily stress on positive affect? An examination using eight-day diary data. JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH 2014; 46:106-124. [PMID: 25221350 PMCID: PMC4160131 DOI: 10.1080/00222216.2014.11950315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study tested the applicability of moderation and mediation models to leisure time as a stress coping resource. Analyzing eight-day diary data (N=2,022), we examined the within-person process of using leisure time to cope with daily stressors. We found that relatively high daily stress frequency, while reducing positive affect, prompted an individual to allocate more time to leisure than usual, which then increased positive affect, thus partially remedying the damage by high daily stress frequency. This within-person process, however, is significantly stronger among those with less leisure time on average than leisure-rich individuals. The findings support a partial counteractive mediation model, demonstrate between-person difference in the within-person coping process, and reveal the importance of positive affect as a coping outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Lisa Qian
- Assistant Extension Professor in the Tourism Center at the University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
| | - Careen M Yarnal
- Associate Professor in Department of Recreation, Park and Tourism Management at the Pennsylvania State University
| | - David M Almeida
- Professor in Department of Human Development and Family Studies at the Pennsylvania State University
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Steffen LE, Smith BW. The influence of between and within-person hope among emergency responders on daily affect in a stress and coping model. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Robinette JW, Charles ST, Mogle JA, Almeida DM. Neighborhood cohesion and daily well-being: results from a diary study. Soc Sci Med 2013; 96:174-82. [PMID: 24034965 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neighborly cohesiveness has documented benefits for health. Furthermore, high perceived neighborhood cohesion offsets the adverse health effects of neighborhood socioeconomic adversity. One potential way neighborhood cohesion influences health is through daily stress processes. The current study uses participants (n = 2022, age 30-84 years) from The Midlife in the United States II and the National Study of Daily Experiences II, collected between 2004 and 2006, to examine this hypothesis using a within-person, daily diary design. We predicted that people who perceive high neighborhood cohesion are exposed to fewer daily stressors, such as interpersonal arguments, lower daily physical symptoms and negative affect, and higher daily positive affect. We also hypothesized that perceptions of neighborhood cohesion buffer decline in affective and physical well-being on days when daily stressors do occur. Results indicate that higher perceived neighborhood cohesion predicts fewer self-reported daily stressors, higher positive affect, lower negative affect, and fewer physical health symptoms. High perceived neighborhood cohesion also buffers the effects of daily stressors on negative affect, even after adjusting for other sources of social support. Results from the present study suggest interventions focusing on neighborhood cohesion may result in improved well-being and may minimize the adverse effect of daily stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer W Robinette
- Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, 4201 Social and Behavioral Sciences Gateway, Irvine, CA 92697-7085, USA.
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Abstract
Exposure to toxic stress accelerates the wear and tear on children's developing bodies and leaves a lasting mark on adult health. Prior research has focused mainly on children exposed to extreme forms of adversity, such as maltreatment and extreme neglect. However, repeated exposure to less severe, but often chronic stressors is likely to play as large, if not larger, of a role in forecasting children's future mental and physical health. New tools from neuroscience, biology, epigenetics, and the social sciences are helping to isolate when and how the foundations for adult health are shaped by childhood experiences. We are now in the position to understand how adversity, in both extreme and more mundane forms, contributes to the adult health burden and to identify features in children's families and environments that can be strengthened to buffer the effects of toxic stressors. We are also positioned to develop and implement innovative approaches to child policy and practice that are rooted in an understanding of how exposure to toxic stressors can become biologically embedded. The stage is set for the creation of new interventions--on both grand and micro scales--to reduce previously intractable health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice L. Odgers
- Sanford School of Public Policy and the Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708. Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 and MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King’s College London, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Sara R. Jaffee
- Sanford School of Public Policy and the Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708. Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 and MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King’s College London, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
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Qian XL, Yarnal CM, Almeida DM. Does Leisure Time as a Stress Coping Resource Increase Affective Complexity? Applying the Dynamic Model of Affect (DMA). JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH 2013; 45:393-414. [PMID: 24659826 PMCID: PMC3962100 DOI: 10.18666/jlr-2013-v45-i3-3157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Affective complexity, a manifestation of psychological well-being, refers to the relative independence between positive and negative affect (PA, NA). According to the Dynamic Model of Affect (DMA), stressful situations lead to highly inverse PA-NA relationship, reducing affective complexity. Meanwhile, positive events can sustain affective complexity by restoring PA-NA independence. Leisure, a type of positive events, has been identified as a coping resource. This study used the DMA to assess whether leisure time helps restore affective complexity on stressful days. We found that on days with more leisure time than usual, an individual experienced less negative PA-NA relationship after daily stressful events. The finding demonstrates the value of leisure time as a coping resource and the DMA's contribution to coping research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Lisa Qian
- Department of Forest Resources, College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
| | - Careen M Yarnal
- Department of Recreation, Park and Tourism Management, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - David M Almeida
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University
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Cichy KE, Stawski RS, Almeida DM. Racial Differences in Exposure and Reactivity to Daily Family Stressors. JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY 2012; 74:572-586. [PMID: 23543937 PMCID: PMC3608425 DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2012.00971.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Using data from the National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE), this study examined racial differences in exposure and reactivity to daily stressors involving family members. Respondents included African American and European American adults aged 34 to 84 (N = 1,931) who participated in 8 days of daily interviews where they reported on daily stressors, affect, and physical health symptoms. Results revealed racial similarities in family stressor exposure. Both races were also emotionally reactive to family arguments and family network events (i.e., events that happen to a family member), whereas African Americans were more physically reactive to family arguments. For African Americans, reactivity to family arguments endured; the increased negative affect and physical symptoms associated with family arguments lasted into the next day. Findings provide evidence for racial similarities and differences, suggesting that family relationships are universally stressful, whereas the negative effects of family stressors are more enduring among African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Cichy
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Kent State University
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Cooper R, Boyko CT, Cooper C. Design for health: the relationship between design and noncommunicable diseases. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2011; 16 Suppl 2:134-157. [PMID: 21916719 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2011.601396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The authors explore the relationship between design and noncommunicable diseases, first by highlighting how design knowledge and practice can have a direct and indirect effect on these diseases. They then review the literature on the link between the physical environment (e.g., dwellings, the neighborhood, cities) and noncommunicable diseases. Last, they illustrate the links between design and noncommunicable diseases by exploring in greater detail how designers and the design of the urban environment can play a positive role in the reduction of noncommunicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Cooper
- Lancaster Institute for the Contemporary Arts, ImaginationLancaster, University of Lancaster, Bailrigg, Lancaster, United Kingdom
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Gewirtz AH, Polusny MA, DeGarmo DS, Khaylis A, Erbes CR. Posttraumatic stress symptoms among National Guard soldiers deployed to Iraq: associations with parenting behaviors and couple adjustment. J Consult Clin Psychol 2011; 78:599-610. [PMID: 20873896 DOI: 10.1037/a0020571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this article, we report findings from a 1-year longitudinal study examining the impact of change in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms following combat deployment on National Guard soldiers' perceived parenting and couple adjustment 1 year following return from Iraq. METHOD Participants were 468 Army National Guard fathers from a brigade combat team (mean age = 36 years; median deployment length = 16 months; 89% European American, 5% African American, 6% Hispanic American). Participants completed an in-theater survey 1 month before returning home from Operation Iraqi Freedom deployment (Time 1) and again 1 year postdeployment (Time 2). The PTSD Checklist-Military Version (PCL-M; Weathers, Litz, Herman, Huska, & Keane, 1993) was gathered at both times, and 2 items assessing social support were gathered at baseline only. At Time 2, participants also completed self-report measures of parenting (Alabama Parenting Questionnaire-Short Form; Elgar, Waschbusch, Dadds, & Sigvaldason, 2007), couple adjustment (Dyadic Adjustment Scale-7; Sharpley & Rogers, 1984; Spanier, 1976), parent-child relationship quality (4 items from the Social Adjustment Scale-Self-Report; Weissman & Bothwell, 1976), alcohol use (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; Babor, Higgins-Biddle, Saunders, & Monteiro, 2001), and items assessing injuries sustained while deployed. RESULTS Structural equation modeling analyses showed that increases in PTSD symptoms were associated with poorer couple adjustment and greater perceived parenting challenges at Time 2 (both at p < .001). Furthermore, PTSD symptoms predicted parenting challenges independent of their impact on couple adjustment. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the importance of investigating and intervening to support parenting and couple adjustment among combat-affected National Guard families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail H Gewirtz
- Department of Family Social Science, University of Minnesota, 290 McNeal Hall, 1985 Buford Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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Santor DA. Proximal Effects of Dependency and Self-Criticism: Conceptual and Methodological Challenges for Depressive Vulnerability Research. Cogn Behav Ther 2010; 32:49-67. [PMID: 16291536 DOI: 10.1080/16506070302319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Research and theorizing on vulnerability to depression has expanded considerably in the past 40 years. However, there are a number of challenges and opportunities that cannot be adequately resolved or fully exploited within models of vulnerability that are typically investigated. Continued progress in understanding the link between vulnerability factors and mood depends on a fuller understanding of depressive vulnerability factors themselves. Understanding the proximal effects of vulnerability factors on both mood and behaviour requires methods and analytic models capable of examining moment to moment changes as well as an understanding of what underlying needs stressful life events and difficulties may threaten. Conceptualizing vulnerability factors more broadly in terms of ethological models focusing on social rank and attachment offers a number of useful avenues along which vulnerability theory may be expanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcy A Santor
- Department of Psychology, Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Walsh K, Fortier MA, Dilillo D. Adult Coping with Childhood Sexual Abuse: A Theoretical and Empirical Review. AGGRESSION AND VIOLENT BEHAVIOR 2010; 15:1-13. [PMID: 20161502 PMCID: PMC2796830 DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2009.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Coping has been suggested as an important element in understanding the long-term functioning of individuals with a history of child sexual abuse (CSA). The present review synthesizes the literature on coping with CSA, first by examining theories of coping with trauma, and, second by examining how these theories have been applied to studies of coping in samples of CSA victims. Thirty-nine studies were reviewed, including eleven descriptive studies of the coping strategies employed by individuals with a history of CSA, eighteen correlational studies of the relationship between coping strategies and long-term functioning of CSA victims, and ten investigations in which coping was examined as a mediational factor in relation to long-term outcomes. These studies provide initial information regarding early sexual abuse and subsequent coping processes. However, this literature is limited by several theoretical and methodological issues, including a failure to specify the process of coping as it occurs, a disparity between theory and research, and limited applicability to clinical practice. Future directions of research are discussed and include the need to understand coping as a process, identification of coping in relation to adaptive outcomes, and considerations of more complex mediational and moderational processes in the study of coping with CSA.
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The role of stress on close relationships and marital satisfaction. Clin Psychol Rev 2009; 29:105-15. [PMID: 19167139 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2008.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Revised: 10/28/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stress is a concept that has received increased attention in marital research during the last decade, showing that it plays an important role in understanding the quality and stability of close relationships. Evidence suggests that stress is a threat to marital satisfaction and its longevity. Research has been based upon theoretical models of stress in close relationships, specifically family stress models [e.g., Hill, R. (1958). Generic features of families under stress. Social Casework, 39, 139-150.; McCubbin, H. I., & Patterson, J. M. (1983). Family transitions: Adaptation to stress. In H. I. McCubbin & C. R. Figley (Eds.), Stress and the family: Coping with normative transitions (Vol. 2, pp. 5-25). New York: Brunner/Mazel] and couple's stress model's proposed by Karney, Story, and Bradbury [Karney, B. R., Story, L. B., & Bradbury, T. N. (2005). Marriages in context: Interactions between chronic an acute stress among newlyweds. In T. A. Revenson, K. Kayser, & G. Bodenmann (Eds.), Couples coping with stress: Emerging perspectives on dyadic coping (pp.13-32). American Psychological Association: Washington, D.C.] and Bodenmann [Bodenmann, G. (1995). A systemic-transactional conceptualization of stress and coping in couples. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 54, 34-49.; Bodenmann, G. (2005). Dyadic coping and its significant for marital functioning. In T. Revenson, K. Kayser, & G. Bodenmann (Eds.), Couples coping with stress: Emerging perspectives on dyadic coping (pp.33-50). American Psychological Association: Washington, D.C.]. In this review we: (1) examine the various theoretical models of stress, (2) analyze and summarize the typologies relating to stress models (internal versus external, major versus minor, acute versus chronic), and (3) summarize findings from stress research in couples that has practical significance and may inspire clinical work. Future directions in research and clincial significance are suggested.
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Reed P, Alenazi Y, Potterton F. Effect of time in prison on prisoners’ use of coping strategies. Int J Prison Health 2009; 5:16-24. [DOI: 10.1080/17449200802692060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Pottie CG, Cohen J, Ingram KM. Parenting a Child with Autism: Contextual Factors Associated with Enhanced Daily Parental Mood. J Pediatr Psychol 2008; 34:419-29. [DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsn094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Zule WA, Morgan-Lopez AA, Lam WKK, Wechsberg WM, Luseno WK, Young SK. Perceived neighborhood safety and depressive symptoms among African American crack users. Subst Use Misuse 2008; 43:445-68. [PMID: 18365943 DOI: 10.1080/10826080701203054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the association between perceived neighborhood safety and depressive symptoms among 443 out-of-treatment African American crack cocaine users interviewed between 2000 and 2002 in North Carolina and tested the regression of depression on perceived neighborhood safety and common predictors of depression. Perceived neighborhood safety was an important predictor of depressive symptoms in models that adjusted for other correlates of depression. The findings are limited by the cross-sectional nature of the data and the complex etiology and course of depression. Additional research is needed to clarify the relationship between perceived neighborhood safety and depression. The study was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Zule
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194, USA.
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Barling J, Kryl IP. Moderators of the relationship between daily work stressors and mood. WORK AND STRESS 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/02678379008256994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Barling
- a Department of Psychology, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Ilona P. Kryl
- a Department of Psychology, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
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Stewart W, Barling J. Daily work stress, mood and interpersonal job performance: A mediational model. WORK AND STRESS 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/02678379608256812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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DeFur PL, Evans GW, Cohen Hubal EA, Kyle AD, Morello-Frosch RA, Williams DR. Vulnerability as a function of individual and group resources in cumulative risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2007; 115:817-24. [PMID: 17520073 PMCID: PMC1867984 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.9332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2006] [Accepted: 12/04/2006] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The field of risk assessment has focused on protecting the health of individual people or populations of wildlife from single risks, mostly from chemical exposure. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recently began to address multiple risks to communities in the "Framework for Cumulative Risk Assessment" [EPA/630/P02/001F. Washington DC:Risk Assessment Forum, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2003)]. Simultaneously, several reports concluded that some individuals and groups are more vulnerable to environmental risks than the general population. However, vulnerability has received little specific attention in the risk assessment literature. OBJECTIVE Our objective is to examine the issue of vulnerability in cumulative risk assessment and present a conceptual framework rather than a comprehensive review of the literature. In this article we consider similarities between ecologic and human communities and the factors that make communities vulnerable to environmental risks. DISCUSSION The literature provides substantial evidence on single environmental factors and simple conditions that increase vulnerability or reduce resilience for humans and ecologic systems. This observation is especially true for individual people and populations of wildlife. Little research directly addresses the topic of vulnerability in cumulative risk situations, especially at the community level. The community level of organization has not been adequately considered as an end point in either human or ecologic risk assessment. Furthermore, current information on human risk does not completely explain the level of response in cumulative risk conditions. Ecologic risk situations are similarly more complex and unpredictable for cases of cumulative risk. CONCLUSIONS Psychosocial conditions and responses are the principal missing element for humans. We propose a model for including psychologic and social factors as an integral component of cumulative risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L DeFur
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, USA.
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Schneiders J, Nicolson NA, Berkhof J, Feron FJ, van Os J, deVries MW. Mood reactivity to daily negative events in early adolescence: relationship to risk for psychopathology. Dev Psychol 2006; 42:543-54. [PMID: 16756444 DOI: 10.1037/0012-1649.42.3.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Emotional responses to negative daily experiences in young adolescents may provide important clues to the development of psychopathology, but research is lacking. This study assessed momentary mood reactivity to daily events as a function of risk profile in a school sample, ages 11-14. High-risk (HR, n=25) and low-risk (LR, n=106) subgroups completed frequent self-reports of mood and events for 5 days. HR adolescents reported more negative events involving family and peers. Multilevel modeling results showed that negative events, especially if stressful, were associated with increased negative and decreased positive affects, with heightened responses in HR adolescents. HR adolescents with greater stress over the last 3 months showed additional increases in depressed mood following negative events. Altered reactivity to and dysfunctional appraisals of daily events may link adolescent risk profiles to later mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josien Schneiders
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Slone M, Kaminer D, Durrheim K. Appraisal of Sociopolitical Change Among South African Youth: The Relation to Psychological Maladjustment1. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb00218.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cantor N, Norem J, Langston C, Zirkel S, Fleeson W, Cook-Flannagan C. Life Tasks and Daily Life Experience. J Pers 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1991.tb00255.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Rogelberg SG, Leach DJ, Warr PB, Burnfield JL. "Not Another Meeting!" Are Meeting Time Demands Related to Employee Well-Being? JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY 2006; 91:83-96. [PMID: 16435940 DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.91.1.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Using an interruptions framework, this article proposes and tests a set of hypotheses concerning the relationship of meeting time demands with job attitudes and well-being (JAWB). Two Internet surveys were administered to employees who worked 35 hr or more per week. Study 1 examined prescheduled meetings attended in a typical week (N=676), whereas Study 2 investigated prescheduled meetings attended during the current day (N=304). As proposed, the relationship between meeting time demands and JAWB was moderated by task interdependence, meeting experience quality, and accomplishment striving. However, results were somewhat dependent on the time frame of a study and the operational definition used for meeting time demands. Furthermore, perceived meeting effectiveness was found to have a strong, direct relationship with JAWB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven G Rogelberg
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28270, USA.
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Paquet C, Kergoat MJ, Dubé L. The role of everyday emotion regulation on pain in hospitalized elderly: insights from a prospective within-day assessment. Pain 2005; 115:355-363. [PMID: 15911162 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2005.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2004] [Revised: 02/17/2005] [Accepted: 03/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Pain management is still an unresolved issue among the general elderly patient population in institutions. It is proposed that everyday emotion regulation (i.e. self-supporting maintenance or change in positive and negative emotions) performed by hospitalized elderly can help reduce pain intensity. This argument is based on (1) robust evidence in life span research of elderly's high ability for emotion regulation in the midst of everyday life and (2) experimental evidence from pain research that simple strategies to regulate emotions impact pain intensity. A prospective within-day study was designed to (1) empirically trace the occurrence of emotion regulation over specific sampling episodes, (2) assess the impact of this regulation on end-of-episode pain intensity, and (3) consider the effects of socio-demographic, psychological, and clinical factors on emotion regulation and its relationship to pain intensity. Thirty patients (mean age 78.8) of a geriatric facility provided ratings of emotional states and pain intensity. Emotion regulation was defined as maintenance/recovery of desirable emotional states and computed for individual emotions (positive feelings, anger, anxiety, and mild depressed feelings) and globally to reflect the number of emotions successfully regulated. Multilevel analyses found emotion regulation to be prospectively related to pain intensity, for both global and anxiety regulation. While this relationship held across the sample, lower emotion regulation was found for old-old (vs. young-old), males (vs. females), and patients living alone (vs. with others). Results suggest the possibility that promoting emotion regulation as self-management strategy could contribute to cost-effective pain management in general or targeted elderly populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Paquet
- Research Center, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Que., Canada Faculty of Management, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que., Canada
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Unique effects of daily perceived control on anxiety symptomatology during conjugal bereavement. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2004.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Meetings and More Meetings: The Relationship Between Meeting Load and the Daily Well-Being of Employees. GROUP DYNAMICS-THEORY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2005. [DOI: 10.1037/1089-2699.9.1.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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