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Castillo-Hornero A, Rojano-Hidalgo M, López A, Alarcón A, Belmonte O, Caballer A. Reminiscence interventions for loneliness reduction in older adults: a systematic review. Aging Ment Health 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38669147 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2024.2345809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to review the use of reminiscence interventions in the reduction of loneliness in older adults by categorising the interventions by type, and comparing their effectiveness and methodological quality. METHOD This is a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. The search was restricted to studies published in the Cochrane, CINAHL, Web of Science, Psycarticles, Psycinfo, and PubMed databases until December 2022. The inclusion criteria for the studies included in this review were: 1) reminiscence intervention 2) loneliness outcome measure 3) adults over 60 years old 4) experimental, pre-experimental, and quasi-experimental studies. RESULTS A total of twelve studies were eligible for inclusion. Only nine studies included a control group, and seven of those report significant effectiveness in reducing loneliness levels. The most popular type of intervention is simple reminiscence and life review, and in-group format. The interventions to date have been very heterogeneous, and the methodological quality of the existing literature is moderate to weak. CONCLUSION While reminiscence interventions hold some promise for reducing loneliness levels among older adults, future methodologically rigorous research is required, and standardised protocols need to be developed for application, with the specific aim of reducing levels of loneliness among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Castillo-Hornero
- Department of Computer Languages and Systems, Institute of New Imaging Technologies, University Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Mario Rojano-Hidalgo
- Department of Developmental Educational and Social Psychology and Methodology, University Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Agustín López
- Department of Developmental Educational and Social Psychology and Methodology, University Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Ana Alarcón
- Department of Developmental Educational and Social Psychology and Methodology, University Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Oscar Belmonte
- Department of Computer Languages and Systems, Institute of New Imaging Technologies, University Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Antonio Caballer
- Department of Developmental Educational and Social Psychology and Methodology, University Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
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Lin J, Zhao R, Li H, Lei Y, Cuijpers P. Looking back on life: An updated meta-analysis of the effect of life review therapy and reminiscence on late-life depression. J Affect Disord 2024; 347:163-174. [PMID: 37995927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Twenty years ago, we confirmed the effectiveness of life review therapy and reminiscence (LRT-REM) to treat late-life depression in a meta-analysis. In the current study, we aimed to examine the most updated evidence on the effects of LRT-REM in older adults with depression. METHODS We systematically searched records in English and Chinese databases up to December 2022 and included randomized controlled studies comparing LRT-REM with control conditions in older adults with depression. Outcomes included depression, anxiety, quality of life, and life satisfaction. Effect sizes (Hedges' g) at post-treatment were pooled with random effects meta-analyses. RESULTS 42 studies with 3361 depressed older adults (≥60 years) met the selection criteria. We found a significant and large effect of LRT-REM (g = 1.41, p < 0.001) on late-life depression, corresponding to a number-needed-to-treat (NNT) of 1.98. Heterogeneity shrunk from high (I2 = 86.78) to moderate (I2 = 46.87) after excluding eight detected outliers. There were no significant differences between the examined subgroups except for the type of control condition. The effects of LRT-REM were not statistically significant at follow-up when corrected for publication bias. The quality of many included studies was not optimal. LIMITATIONS The quality of many included studies was not optimal, with a high risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS LRT-REM may be effective for treating late-life depression, but long-term effects are unclear. More research is needed on the effects of LRT-REM, especially when guided by (para)professional or lay therapists in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Lin
- The Institute of Brain and Psychological Science, Sichuan Normal University, China
| | - Ruiying Zhao
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hong Li
- The Institute of Brain and Psychological Science, Sichuan Normal University, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, China
| | - Yi Lei
- The Institute of Brain and Psychological Science, Sichuan Normal University, China.
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Wu Y, Xu H, Sui X, Zeng T, Leng X, Li Y, Li F. Effects of group reminiscence interventions on depressive symptoms and life satisfaction in older adults with intact cognition and mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 114:105103. [PMID: 37354738 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reminiscence interventions have been extensively used to improve the psychological health of people with dementia. However, there is uncertainty about the effectiveness of group reminiscence interventions for older adults with intact cognition and mild cognitive impairment. Based on the large number of older adults and strained health care resources in China, we conducted a systematic review of the evidence on the effectiveness of group reminiscence interventions for older adults with intact cognition or mild cognitive impairment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five English databases were searched from inception to 21 August 2022. The quality of the included articles was assessed by using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Scale or Criteria (2020) and the Australian Evidence-Based Health Care Centre (2020). Data related to study and intervention characteristics were extracted. RESULTS Twenty-four articles were included, of which eight were quasiexperimental studies and sixteen were randomized controlled studies. The overall study quality was high, but most studies did not blind the participants. Group reminiscence interventions were beneficial in improving depressive symptoms and life satisfaction in older adults with intact cognition or mild cognitive impairment, but no valid conclusions could be drawn about the effect on quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Group reminiscence interventions are an effective type of psychological intervention to improve the psychological health of older people. In addition, group reminiscence interventions are simple and easy to implement and can be considered a routine care activity to meet the spiritual needs of cognitively intact and mildly cognitively impaired older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejin Wu
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Sui
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Leng
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuewei Li
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Wong YJ. The Catalyst Model of Change: Gratitude Interventions with Positive Long-Term Effects. AFFECTIVE SCIENCE 2023; 4:152-162. [PMID: 37070004 PMCID: PMC10104986 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-022-00136-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
How can gratitude interventions be designed to produce meaningful and enduring effects on people's well-being? To address this question, the author proposes the Catalyst Model of Change-this novel, practical, and empirically testable model posits five socially oriented behavioral pathways that channel the long-term effects of gratitude interventions as well as how to augment gratitude experiences in interventions to boost treatment effects and catalyze these behavioral pathways. Specifically, interventions that enhance the frequency, skills, intensity, temporal span, and variety of gratitude experiences are likely to catalyze the following post-intervention socially oriented behaviors: (a) social support-seeking behaviors, (b) prosocial behaviors, (c) relationship initiation and enhancement behaviors, (d) participation in mastery-oriented social activities, and (e) reduced maladaptive interpersonal behaviors, which, in turn, produce long-term psychological well-being. A unique feature of the Catalyst Model of Change is that gratitude experiences are broadly conceptualized to include not just gratitude emotions, cognitions, and disclosures, but also expressing, receiving, witnessing, and responding to interpersonal gratitude. To this end, gratitude interventions that provide multiple opportunities for social experiences of gratitude (e.g., members expressing gratitude to each other in a group) might offer the greatest promise for fostering durable, positive effects on people's psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Joel Wong
- Counseling & Educational Psychology Department, Indiana University, 201 N. Rose Ave, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA
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5
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Wießner I, Falchi M, Palhano-Fontes F, Feilding A, Ribeiro S, Tófoli LF. LSD, madness and healing: Mystical experiences as possible link between psychosis model and therapy model. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1151-1165. [PMID: 34253268 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721002531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For a century, psychedelics have been investigated as models of psychosis for demonstrating phenomenological similarities with psychotic experiences and as therapeutic models for treating depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. This study sought to explore this paradoxical relationship connecting key parameters of the psychotic experience, psychotherapy, and psychedelic experience. METHODS In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, 24 healthy volunteers received 50 μg d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) or inactive placebo. Psychotic experience was assessed by aberrant salience (Aberrant Salience Inventory, ASI), therapeutic potential by suggestibility (Creative Imagination Scale, CIS) and mindfulness (Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, FFMQ; Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, MAAS; Experiences Questionnaire, EQ), and psychedelic experience by four questionnaires (Altered State of Consciousness Questionnaire, ASC; Mystical Experiences Questionnaire, MEQ; Challenging Experiences Questionnaire, CEQ; Ego-Dissolution Inventory, EDI). Relationships between LSD-induced effects were examined. RESULTS LSD induced psychedelic experiences, including alteration of consciousness, mystical experiences, ego-dissolution, and mildly challenging experiences, increased aberrant salience and suggestibility, but not mindfulness. LSD-induced aberrant salience correlated highly with complex imagery, mystical experiences, and ego-dissolution. LSD-induced suggestibility correlated with no other effects. Individual mindfulness changes correlated with aspects of aberrant salience and psychedelic experience. CONCLUSIONS The LSD state resembles a psychotic experience and offers a tool for healing. The link between psychosis model and therapeutic model seems to lie in mystical experiences. The results point to the importance of meaning attribution for the LSD psychosis model and indicate that psychedelic-assisted therapy might benefit from therapeutic suggestions fostering mystical experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Wießner
- Department of Medical Psychology and Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Interdisciplinary Cooperation for Ayahuasca Research and Outreach (ICARO), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Falchi
- Department of Medical Psychology and Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Interdisciplinary Cooperation for Ayahuasca Research and Outreach (ICARO), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Palhano-Fontes
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Sidarta Ribeiro
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Tófoli
- Department of Medical Psychology and Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Interdisciplinary Cooperation for Ayahuasca Research and Outreach (ICARO), School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Joshanloo M, Blasco-Belled A. Reciprocal Associations between Depressive Symptoms, Life Satisfaction, and Eudaimonic Well-Being in Older Adults over a 16-Year Period. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2374. [PMID: 36767740 PMCID: PMC9915537 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The dual-continua model of mental health distinguishes between mental illness (presence of mental disorders, such as depression) and mental well-being (presence of positive traits and abilities). This model also distinguishes between hedonic well-being (e.g., affect balance and life satisfaction) and eudaimonic well-being (i.e., optimal psychological and social functioning, as indicated for example by having a purpose in life). We examined the relationships between depressive symptoms (a common indicator of mental illness), life satisfaction, and eudaimonic well-being. The study used a sample of 17,056 participants from England whose data were collected at eight intervals of approximately two years over a 16-year period, from 2004 to 2019. The mean age of the sample in the first wave was 58.843 years, with a standard deviation of 12.617 years (women = 55.2%). We disentangled within- and between-person sources of variance to examine whether increases or decreases in one variable preceded changes in the other variables at the next time point. We found positive reciprocal relationships between life satisfaction and eudaimonic well-being and negative reciprocal relationships between the two well-being dimensions and depressive symptoms. These results suggest that within-person increases in well-being are followed by future decreases in depressive symptoms, and within-person increases in depressive symptoms are followed by future decreases in well-being. Therefore, low levels of mental well-being in older adults may be considered a risk factor for depression, and well-being interventions (such as those focused on meaning-making) may serve as a protective factor against depression in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Joshanloo
- Department of Psychology, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Ana Blasco-Belled
- Department of Psychology, University of Girona, Plaça Sant Domènec, 9, 17004 Girona, Spain
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Tangerås TM. Moments of meeting: A case study of Shared Reading of poetry in a care home. Front Psychol 2022; 13:965122. [PMID: 36237698 PMCID: PMC9551175 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.965122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing research interest in the value of participative arts-based strategies for enhancing wellbeing amongst adults living with dementia. One such intervention, centred around literature, is the group activity called Shared Reading. The purpose of this case study of weekly Shared Reading sessions of poetry in a care home in Merseyside is to investigate instances of how participants with mild to moderate dementia collaborate in processes of meaning-making that allow them shared experiences of being moved by poetry. An under-thematised aspect of psychological wellbeing is the capacity for being moved and for sharing such moments. This article addresses the following question: how can the specific multimodality of the text (participants have a copy of the text before them, the poem is read aloud and there may be use of non-verbal aids) in the Shared Reading model help to bring about such experiences? Using Stern’s concepts of Now Moments and Moments of Meeting, this case study discusses various instances of unpredictable, surprising and spontaneous intersubjective moments between participant and poem, participant and reader leader, participant and staff, participant and relative.
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Choudhury TK, John KC, Garrett RK, Stagner BH. Considering Psychodynamic Therapy for Older Adults. Psychodyn Psychiatry 2021; 48:152-162. [PMID: 32628580 DOI: 10.1521/pdps.2020.48.2.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
As the neuroscientific bases for conceptualizing and treating psychiatric and psychological conditions have become increasingly emphasized in recent years, application of relatively more traditional theoretical frameworks, such as psychodynamic theory, has somewhat fallen out of favor. Nonetheless, the effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy in both short- and long-term episodes of care has been established in numerous outcome studies and meta-analyses from the last two decades. Specifically, psychodynamic therapy may be particularly well suited for use with older adults (ages 65 years and older) for a number of clinically and logistically indicated reasons. In this exploratory commentary piece, we consider the potential origins of the notion that psychodynamic therapy may not be well suited for use with older adults. We then present evidence in favor of utilizing psychodynamic interventions with older adults. In doing so, we hope to spur critical thought among clinicians who work with older adults and encourage continued research in this area to strengthen the existing evidence base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabina K Choudhury
- Texas A&M University, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College Station.,VA North Texas Healthcare System, Dallas
| | - Kendall C John
- Texas A&M University, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College Station
| | | | - Brian H Stagner
- Texas A&M University, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College Station
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Abstract
Objectives: Hope/hopelessness is an important determinant of health and death, and is a modifiable risk factor for older adults. The present review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions on hope among older populations. Methods: PsychINFO and PubMed were systematically searched. Publications reporting on interventions delivered to older adults that included quantitative data on hope/hopelessness were systematically reviewed. Results: Thirty-six studies were included, most with hope/hopelessness as a secondary outcome. Interventions based on CBT alone or combined with antidepressants significantly decreased hopelessness in depressed older adults. Psychological interventions based on life review effectively improved hope/hopelessness in a range of samples, including depressed, bereaving, or medically ill older adults. Little to no support was found for exercise programs for healthy older adults, educational interventions for medically ill individuals, or Dignity Therapy for palliative care patients. Conclusions: Hope/hopelessness in older adults can be improved using psychological interventions based on CBT and life review. Controlled trials with hope/hopelessness as a primary objective are needed to more clearly demonstrate effectiveness. Clinical implications: Cognitive-behavioral interventions can improve hopelessness in depressed older adults. Life-review based interventions can positively impact hope in a range of older populations. Dignity Therapy, physical exercise, and educational programs may not effectively improve hope/hopelessness in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia C Hernandez
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - James C Overholser
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Barry TJ, Hallford DJ, Hitchcock C, Takano K, Raes F. The current state of memory Specificity Training (MeST) for emotional disorders. Curr Opin Psychol 2021; 41:28-33. [PMID: 33689992 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Memory Specificity Training (MeST) is an intervention developed from basic science that has found clinical utility. MeST uses cued recall exercises to target the difficulty that some people with emotional disorders have in recalling personally experienced events. MeST is simple enough to be delivered alongside traditional interventions or online by artificial intelligence. Currently, research indicates MeST's effects are immediate but short-lived, and there is limited research indicating its superiority over established interventions. Future investigations must establish the dosage and specific components of MeST that are necessary for clinically significant effects. Further, it must establish the secondary processes (e.g., problem-solving) that mediate between MeST-driven improvements in memory and symptoms. Similar interventions that build upon the idea of training autobiographical memory specificity are also emerging and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom J Barry
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong; Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - David J Hallford
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia; School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Mount Helen, Australia
| | - Caitlin Hitchcock
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Keisuke Takano
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, München, Germany
| | - Filip Raes
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Hallford D, Austin D, Takano K, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Raes F. Computerized Memory Specificity Training (c-MeST) for major depression: A randomised controlled trial. Behav Res Ther 2021; 136:103783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2020.103783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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James KL, Bhar SS. Brief reminiscence intervention improves affect and pessimism in non‐clinical individuals: A pilot study. CLIN PSYCHOL-UK 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/cp.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L. James
- Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia,
| | - Sunil S. Bhar
- Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia,
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Robinson SR, Jobson LA. Brief report: The relationship between post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms and overgeneral autobiographical memory in older adults. CLIN PSYCHOL-UK 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/cp.12000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. Robinson
- Psychology Department, Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK,
| | - Laura A. Jobson
- Norwich UK and Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of East Anglia, Cambridge, UK,
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Bartolomé-Tomás A, Sánchez-Reolid R, Fernández-Sotos A, Latorre JM, Fernández-Caballero A. Arousal Detection in Elderly People from Electrodermal Activity Using Musical Stimuli. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E4788. [PMID: 32854302 PMCID: PMC7506973 DOI: 10.3390/s20174788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The detection of emotions is fundamental in many areas related to health and well-being. This paper presents the identification of the level of arousal in older people by monitoring their electrodermal activity (EDA) through a commercial device. The objective was to recognize arousal changes to create future therapies that help them to improve their mood, contributing to reduce possible situations of depression and anxiety. To this end, some elderly people in the region of Murcia were exposed to listening to various musical genres (flamenco, Spanish folklore, Cuban genre and rock/jazz) that they heard in their youth. Using methods based on the process of deconvolution of the EDA signal, two different studies were carried out. The first, of a purely statistical nature, was based on the search for statistically significant differences for a series of temporal, morphological, statistical and frequency features of the processed signals. It was found that Flamenco and Spanish Folklore presented the highest number of statistically significant parameters. In the second study, a wide range of classifiers was used to analyze the possible correlations between the detection of the EDA-based arousal level compared to the participants' responses to the level of arousal subjectively felt. In this case, it was obtained that the best classifiers are support vector machines, with 87% accuracy for flamenco and 83.1% for Spanish Folklore, followed by K-nearest neighbors with 81.4% and 81.5% for Flamenco and Spanish Folklore again. These results reinforce the notion of familiarity with a musical genre on emotional induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Bartolomé-Tomás
- Instituto de Investigación en Informática de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (A.B.-T.); (R.S.-R.)
- Conservatorio de Música de Cieza “Maestro Gómez Villa”, Calle Cadenas, 6, 30530 Cieza, Spain
| | - Roberto Sánchez-Reolid
- Instituto de Investigación en Informática de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (A.B.-T.); (R.S.-R.)
- Departamento de Sistemas Informáticos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | | | - José Miguel Latorre
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain;
| | - Antonio Fernández-Caballero
- Instituto de Investigación en Informática de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (A.B.-T.); (R.S.-R.)
- Departamento de Sistemas Informáticos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Fernández D, Ros L, Sánchez-Reolid R, Ricarte JJ, Latorre JM. Effectiveness of the level of personal relevance of visual autobiographical stimuli in the induction of positive emotions in young and older adults: pilot study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2020; 21:663. [PMID: 32690050 PMCID: PMC7370414 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04596-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to retrieve specific memories is a cognitive and emotional protective factor. Among the most effective techniques to generate autobiographical memories is the use of audio-visual stimuli, particularly images. Developing and improving techniques that facilitate the generation of such memories could be highly effective in the prevention of depressive symptoms, especially in the elderly population. The aim of the present study is to examine how the level of personal relevance of pictures as autobiographical memory cues to induce positive emotions may affect an individual's emotion regulation. METHODS The participants, 120 older adults aged 65 and over and 120 young adults aged between 18 and 35, of both sexes and without depressive symptoms, will be induced to a negative mood state by means of viewing a film clip. Following the negative mood induction, the participants will be shown positive images according to experimental group to which they were randomly assigned (high personal relevance: personal autobiographical photographs; medium personal relevance: pictures of favourite locations associated with specific positive autobiographical memories; and low personal relevance: positive images from the International Affective Picture System). We will analyse the differences in subjective (responses to questionnaires) and objectives measures (EEG signal, heart rate variability and electrodermal activity) between the groups before and after the induction of negative affect and following the recall of positive memories. DISCUSSION The use of images associated with specific positive autobiographical memories may be an effective input for inducing positive mood states, which has potentially important implications for their use as a cognitive behavioural technique to treat emotional disorders, such as depression, which are highly prevalent among older adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04251104 . Registered on 30 January 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Fernández
- Department of Psychology, University of Castilla La Mancha, 02006, Albacete, Spain
| | - Laura Ros
- Department of Psychology, University of Castilla La Mancha, 02006, Albacete, Spain.
| | - Roberto Sánchez-Reolid
- Computer Research Institute, University of Castilla La Mancha, 02071, Albacete, Spain.,IT Systems Department, University of Castilla La Mancha, 02071, Albacete, Spain
| | - Jorge Javier Ricarte
- Department of Psychology, University of Castilla La Mancha, 02006, Albacete, Spain
| | - José Miguel Latorre
- Department of Psychology, University of Castilla La Mancha, 02006, Albacete, Spain
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A randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of life review therapy targeting incurably ill cancer patients: do their informal caregivers benefit? Support Care Cancer 2020; 29:1257-1264. [PMID: 32621263 PMCID: PMC7843535 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-020-05592-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Investigate whether Life Review Therapy and Memory Specificity Training (LRT-MST) targeting incurably ill cancer patients may also have a beneficial effect on caregiving burden, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and posttraumatic growth of the informal caregivers. Methods Data was collected in the context of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) (secondary analyses) on the effect of LRT-MST among incurably cancer patients. Informal caregivers of participating patients were asked to complete outcome measures at baseline (T0), post-intervention (T1), and 1-month follow-up (T2): caregiver burden (caregivers reaction assessment scale (CRA)), symptoms of anxiety and depression (hospital anxiety and depression scale), and posttraumatic growth (posttraumatic growth inventory). Linear mixed models (intention to treat) were used to assess group differences in changes over time. Effect size and independent samples t tests were used to assess group differences at T1 and T2. Results In total, 64 caregivers participated. At baseline, 56% of the caregivers experienced anxiety and 30% depression. No significant effect was found on these symptoms nor on posttraumatic growth or most aspects of caregiver burden. There was a significant effect of LRT-MST on the course of self-esteem (subscale CRA) (p = 0.013). Effect size was moderate post-intervention (ES = − 0.38, p = 0.23) and at 3-month follow-up (ES = 0.53, p = 0.083). Conclusions Many caregivers of incurably ill cancer patients experience symptoms of anxiety and depression. LRT-MST does not improve symptoms of depression and anxiety, negative aspects of caregiver burden, or posttraumatic growth. LRT-MST may have a protective effect on self-esteem of informal caregivers (positive aspect of caregiver burden). Trial registration number Netherlands Trial Register (NTR 2256), registered on 23-3-2010. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00520-020-05592-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Jeffers SL, Hill R, Krumholz MF, Winston-Proctor C. Themes of Gerotranscendence in Narrative Identity Within Structured Life Review. GEROPSYCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Narrative identity is a person’s internalized and evolving life story. It provides a person with some degree of unity and purpose over the life course. It is shaped by the themes, plots, and images available within an individual’s culture. Research in narrative gerontology finds that positive themes within narrative identity in late life are sparse because of a pervading “narrative of decline,” which may contribute to prevalence of late life depression. Structured Life Review (SLR) is an effective intervention to manage depressive symptoms in older adults. It relies on clinician-guided storytelling and themes drawn from Erikson’s developmental stages to foster positive narrative identity. In this theoretical review, the authors explore gerotranscendence-related themes to inform narrative identity through SLR, the goal being to advance the argument that gerotranscendence can adaptively navigate negative narrative themes. It should be considered within clinical narrative practice to improve psychological well-being for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricco Hill
- Department of Psychology, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Miriam F. Krumholz
- Department of Neurology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Dassing R, Allé MC, Cerbai M, Obrecht A, Meyer N, Vidailhet P, Danion JM, Mengin AC, Berna F. Cognitive Intervention Targeting Autobiographical Memory Impairment in Patients With Schizophrenia Using a Wearable Camera: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:397. [PMID: 32528320 PMCID: PMC7247825 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autobiographical memory (AM) impairment in schizophrenia affects the richness of detail in personal memories and is one of the major predictors of patients' social functioning. Despite the empirical evidence attributing these difficulties to a defective encoding process, cognitive remediation interventions targeting AM in schizophrenia often focus on the remote past, making it difficult to address the consequences of poor encoding. Our study evaluated the efficacy of an innovative approach using a wearable camera (NarrativeClip®) in reinforcing the encoding of recent daily life events in patients with schizophrenia. Seventeen patients with schizophrenia and 15 control participants wore the camera during four consecutive days. Then, memories of events experienced during these days were reinforced using different types of retrospective, i.e. interventions designed to promote a re-encoding of the event. We evaluated two types of retrospective using the camera pictures: a simple visual retrospective and a visual retrospective associated with a specific event-cueing (VisR+EC). These two techniques were compared to a verbal retrospective and to the absence of retrospective. Our results showed that the VisR+EC allowed patients to retrieve as many details as the control group at a two-week interval. However, patients' memories remained impaired when a simple visual or a verbal retrospective was used. Our study provides encouraging results to foster the use of a wearable camera in individualized cognitive remediation programs for AM impairment in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romane Dassing
- INSERM U1114 Neuropsychologie Cognitive et Physiopathologie de la Schizophrénie, Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mélissa C. Allé
- INSERM U1114 Neuropsychologie Cognitive et Physiopathologie de la Schizophrénie, Strasbourg, France
- Center on Autobiographical Memory Research, Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mathieu Cerbai
- INSERM U1114 Neuropsychologie Cognitive et Physiopathologie de la Schizophrénie, Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexandre Obrecht
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Service de Psychiatrie, Santé Mentale et Addictologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicolas Meyer
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Département de Santé Publique, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Biostatistique et Informatique Médicale, iCUBE UMR 7357, Illkirch, France
| | - Pierre Vidailhet
- INSERM U1114 Neuropsychologie Cognitive et Physiopathologie de la Schizophrénie, Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Service de Psychiatrie, Santé Mentale et Addictologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Marie Danion
- INSERM U1114 Neuropsychologie Cognitive et Physiopathologie de la Schizophrénie, Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Service de Psychiatrie, Santé Mentale et Addictologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Amaury C. Mengin
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Service de Psychiatrie, Santé Mentale et Addictologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabrice Berna
- INSERM U1114 Neuropsychologie Cognitive et Physiopathologie de la Schizophrénie, Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Service de Psychiatrie, Santé Mentale et Addictologie, Strasbourg, France
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Chen GF, Luo HY, Wu G, Zhou C, Wang K, Feng K, Xiao ZW, Huang JJ, Gan JC, Zhao P, Liu PZ, Wang Y. Improving Mental Time Travel in Schizophrenia: Do Remembering the Past and Imagining the Future Make a Difference? COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-020-10083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Rogers JL, Luke M, Darkis JT. Meet Me in the Sand: Stories and Self-Expression in Sand Tray Work with Older Adults. JOURNAL OF CREATIVITY IN MENTAL HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15401383.2020.1734513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Carretero LM, Latorre JM, Fernández D, Barry TJ, Ricarte JJ. Effects of positive personal and non-personal autobiographical stimuli on emotional regulation in older adults. Aging Clin Exp Res 2020; 32:157-164. [PMID: 30805866 PMCID: PMC6974493 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01147-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
People can regulate negative emotional states using personal episodic information stored in memory. However, amongst older adults, assistance in retrieving personal memories might be needed. As such, positive personal images might better facilitate the retrieval of positive personal memories, relative to generic positive images. The present study induced older adults (N = 40; Mage = 76.28) into a negative mood state using a validated film clip ("Dead Man Walking"; Robbins et al. in Dead Man Walking [Cinta Cinematográfica]. PolyGram Filmed Entertainment, Working Title Films, Estados Unidos, 1995). Participants were then shown positive personal images (album photos) or positive non-personal images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) and between-group differences in their mood state and their ability to retrieve positive autobiographical memories were measured. Although participants' moods decreased after the negative mood induction, their mood then recovered after picture cuing regardless of whether images were personal or non-personal. Furthermore, the positive mood evoked by non-personal, but not personal, images was significantly positively associated with self-reported feelings of reliving of the memories evoked by those images. These results suggest that, when pictures from personal life are not available, the selection of images able to generate positive autobiographical memories with a sense of reliving, is a feasible tool for older adult's emotional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Carretero
- Psychology Department, School of Medicine, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - J M Latorre
- Psychology Department, School of Medicine, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - D Fernández
- Psychology Department, School of Medicine, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - T J Barry
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, 6th Floor, Jockey Club Tower, Centennial Campus, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
- Department of Psychology, The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - J J Ricarte
- Psychology Department, School of Medicine, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
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Girgis I. Protective Factors and Processes Fostering Resilience and Buffering Psychosocial Distress among Later-Life Egyptian Immigrants. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIAL WORK 2020; 63:41-77. [PMID: 31948371 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2020.1715522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This qualitative study explores and describes the protective factors and processes that foster resilience and buffer psychosocial distress among later-life Egyptian immigrants post immigration to the US. Open-ended structured interviews were conducted with (30) later-life Egyptian immigrants who came to the United States after turning 60 years of age. Thematic analysis was used to analyze patterns within the data. The findings of this study reveal that the availability and utilization of psychosocial resources - due to opportunities embedded in their sociocultural context and coping strategies embedded in their individual strengths and cultural or religious beliefs - play a pivotal role in buffering the losses and acculturative stressors triggered by transitioning to a new environment. The findings of this study can be used to inform psychosocial and therapeutic interventions and guide the development of appropriate social work programs and services for later-life Egyptian immigrants in particular and older Arabic-speaking immigrants in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Girgis
- New York State Department of Health, Home Health Care and Hospice, New York, NY, 10007, USA
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Applying Intervention Mapping to Improve the Applicability of Precious Memories, an Intervention for Depressive Symptoms in Nursing Home Residents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16245163. [PMID: 31861209 PMCID: PMC6950488 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16245163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Precious memories (PM) is a life review intervention for depression in older adults with no to mild cognitive decline that has been implemented in multiple nursing homes (NHs) in the Netherlands. Previous research suggested its relevance but questioned its applicability. Therefore, this research aimed to (1) investigate the applicability of PM, and (2) increase its applicability, if necessary. Intervention mapping (IM) was used to achieve these goals: process evaluation through semi-structured interviews with psychologists (n = 11) and clients (n = 2) to identify potential improvements for PM and to set an improvement goal (IM-step 1); three focus groups with stakeholders (n = 20) to specify behaviors necessary to reach the improvement goal (IM-step 2); and selection of behavior change techniques and applications to facilitate attainment of these behaviors (IM-step 3). Results showed that psychologists perceived a high drop-out rate, which was partly due to PM being provided to clients that did not belong to the target group. Although PM was generally considered relevant, psychologists articulated its longer-term effects should be improved. To improve PM’s applicability, concrete maintenance strategies were developed aiming to maintain clients’ well-being by stimulating positive contact with others. Future research must pilot, implement and evaluate these strategies.
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Westerhof GJ, Slatman S. In search of the best evidence for life review therapy to reduce depressive symptoms in older adults: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/cpsp.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Identifying the Most Effective Strategies for Improving Autobiographical Memory Specificity and Its Implications for Mental Health Problems: A Meta-analysis. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-019-10061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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26
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Sinclair C. Societal-level ethical responsibilities regarding active euthanasia: an analysis using the Universal Declaration of Ethical Principles for Psychologists. ETHICS & BEHAVIOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2019.1636654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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Smink WAC, Fox JP, Tjong Kim Sang E, Sools AM, Westerhof GJ, Veldkamp BP. Understanding Therapeutic Change Process Research Through Multilevel Modeling and Text Mining. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1186. [PMID: 31191394 PMCID: PMC6548879 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Online interventions hold great potential for Therapeutic Change Process Research (TCPR), a field that aims to relate in-therapeutic change processes to the outcomes of interventions. Online a client is treated essentially through the language their counsellor uses, therefore the verbal interaction contains many important ingredients that bring about change. TCPR faces two challenges: how to derive meaningful change processes from texts, and secondly, how to assess these complex, varied, and multi-layered processes? We advocate the use text mining and multi-level models (MLMs): the former offers tools and methods to discovers patterns in texts; the latter can analyse these change processes as outcomes that vary at multiple levels. We (re-)used the data from Lamers et al. (2015) because it includes outcomes and the complete online intervention for clients with mild depressive symptoms. We used text mining to obtain basic text-variables from e-mails, that we analyzed through MLMs. We found that we could relate outcomes of interventions to variables containing text-information. We conclude that we can indeed bridge text mining and MLMs for TCPR as it was possible to relate text-information (obtained through text mining) to multi-leveled TCPR outcomes (using a MLM). Text mining can be helpful to obtain change processes, which is also the main challenge for TCPR. We showed how MLMs and text mining can be combined, but our proposition leaves open how to obtain the most relevant textual operationalization of TCPR concepts. That requires interdisciplinary collaboration and discussion. The future does look bright: based on our proof-of-concept study we conclude that MLMs and text mining can indeed advance TCPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter A. C. Smink
- Psychology, Health & Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
- Research Methodology, Measurement & Data Analysis, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Fox
- Research Methodology, Measurement & Data Analysis, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | | | - Anneke M. Sools
- Psychology, Health & Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Gerben J. Westerhof
- Psychology, Health & Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Bernard P. Veldkamp
- Research Methodology, Measurement & Data Analysis, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
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Barry TJ, Sze WY, Raes F. A meta-analysis and systematic review of Memory Specificity Training (MeST) in the treatment of emotional disorders. Behav Res Ther 2019; 116:36-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Ochoa Arnedo C, Sánchez N, Sumalla EC, Casellas-Grau A. Stress and Growth in Cancer: Mechanisms and Psychotherapeutic Interventions to Facilitate a Constructive Balance. Front Psychol 2019; 10:177. [PMID: 30778323 PMCID: PMC6369350 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress and growth are common responses to adverse life events such as cancer. In this article, we establish how cancer becomes a "fertile land" for the emergence of stress and growth responses and analyze the main mechanisms involved. Stress-growth responses on adjusting to cancer is potentially determined by factors like the phase of the illness (e.g., initial phases vs. period of survivorship), patient's coping strategies, meaning-making, and relationships with significant others. We also review the mechanisms of constructive and adaptative stress-growth balances in cancer to study the predictors, interrelated associations, triggering mechanisms, long-term results, and specific trajectories of these two responses to cancer. Finally, we update the evidence on the role of these stress-growth associations in psychologically adjusting to cancer. Together with this evidence, we summarize preliminary results regarding the efficacy of psychotherapeutic interventions that aim to facilitate a constructive psychological balance between stress and growth in cancer patients. Recommendations for future research and gaps in knowledge on stress-growth processes in this illness are also highlighted. Researchers are encouraged to design and use psychotherapeutic interventions according to the dynamic and changeable patients' sources of stress and growth along the illness. Relevant insights are proposed to understand the inconsistency of stress-growth literature and to promote psychotherapeutic interventions to facilitate a constructive balance between these key responses in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Ochoa Arnedo
- Psycho-oncology Unit, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain.,Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Enric C Sumalla
- Psycho-oncology Unit, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Casellas-Grau
- Psycho-oncology Unit, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
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Kleijn G, van Uden-Kraan CF, Bohlmeijer ET, Becker-Commissaris A, Pronk M, Willemsen V, Cuijpers P, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM. Patients’ experiences of life review therapy combined with memory specificity training (LRT-MST) targeting cancer patients in palliative care. Support Care Cancer 2019; 27:3311-3319. [DOI: 10.1007/s00520-018-4613-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rubin A, Parrish DE, Miyawaki CE. Benchmarks for Evaluating Life Review and Reminiscence Therapy in Alleviating Depression among Older Adults. SOCIAL WORK 2019; 64:61-72. [PMID: 30428074 DOI: 10.1093/sw/swy054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of reminiscence and life review (LR) therapy in alleviating depression among older adults is well established. However, providers in nonresearch settings might implement these interventions inadequately, and such settings rarely can evaluate their outcomes using control groups. Alternatively, evaluators in such settings can calculate a within-group effect size and then compare it with average within-group effect size benchmarks derived from the randomized clinical trials (RCTs) supporting the intervention's effectiveness. This study developed these within-group effect size benchmarks. A search of RCTs from five systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and more recent RCTs published through 2016, yielded 25 studies that met inclusion criteria. Hedge's g for LR recipients and waitlist controls were .598 and -.20, respectively, and .568 and -.012 for reminiscence theory. These benchmarks offer an approach for evaluating the implementation of LR and reminiscence therapy when control groups are infeasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Rubin
- Allen Rubin, PhD, is professor, Graduate College of Social Work, University of Houston, 110HA Social Work Building-Room 342, Houston, TX 77024-4013; e-mail: . Danielle E. Parrish, PhD, is associate professor, Diana R. Garland School of Social Work, Baylor University, Houston. Christina E. Miyawaki, PhD, is assistant professor, Graduate College of Social Work, University of Houston
| | - Danielle E Parrish
- Allen Rubin, PhD, is professor, Graduate College of Social Work, University of Houston, 110HA Social Work Building-Room 342, Houston, TX 77024-4013; e-mail: . Danielle E. Parrish, PhD, is associate professor, Diana R. Garland School of Social Work, Baylor University, Houston. Christina E. Miyawaki, PhD, is assistant professor, Graduate College of Social Work, University of Houston
| | - Christina E Miyawaki
- Allen Rubin, PhD, is professor, Graduate College of Social Work, University of Houston, 110HA Social Work Building-Room 342, Houston, TX 77024-4013; e-mail: . Danielle E. Parrish, PhD, is associate professor, Diana R. Garland School of Social Work, Baylor University, Houston. Christina E. Miyawaki, PhD, is assistant professor, Graduate College of Social Work, University of Houston
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Ent MR, Gergis MA. The most common end-of-life reflections: A survey of hospice and palliative nurses. DEATH STUDIES 2018; 44:256-260. [PMID: 30541400 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2018.1539053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To identify the most common end-of-life reflections among terminally ill patients, 124 nurses from the Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association (HPNA) completed an online, open-ended survey. Common themes of these reflections included concern for loved ones, regret, morbidity and mortality, gratitude, spirituality, legacy, and thoughts about acceptance or non-acceptance of impending death. Nurses reported that their patients were more concerned about their loved ones than their own morbidity and mortality. Common end-of-life reflections may serve as cues that hospice and palliative patients are self-initiating therapeutic life review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Ent
- Department of Psychology, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA
| | - Mary A Gergis
- Department of Nursing, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA
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Westerhof GJ, Korte J, Eshuis S, Bohlmeijer ET. Precious memories: a randomized controlled trial on the effects of an autobiographical memory intervention delivered by trained volunteers in residential care homes. Aging Ment Health 2018; 22:1494-1501. [PMID: 28929782 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2017.1376311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study assesses the effects of an autobiographical memory intervention on the prevention and reduction of depressive symptoms in older persons in residential care. Trained volunteers delivered the intervention. METHODS A randomized controlled trial was carried out with depressive symptoms as the primary outcome. The experimental condition received the intervention Precious Memories one-on-one, whereas the control condition had individual unstructured contacts with a volunteer. Participants were 86 older persons living in residential care. There were three measurements: pre-intervention, post-intervention (2 months after the first measurement), and follow-up (8 months after the first measurement). Besides depressive symptoms, the retrieval of specific positive memories was measured as a process variable. Anxiety, loneliness, well-being, and mastery were assessed as secondary outcomes. RESULTS Depressive symptoms improved equally in the intervention and the control condition at post-measurement. Participants with clinically relevant depressive symptoms also maintained the effects at follow-up in both conditions. The retrieval of specific positive memories improved more in the autobiographical memory intervention, although this was not maintained at follow-up. Anxiety and loneliness improved equally well in both conditions, but no effects were found for well-being or mastery. CONCLUSION It is concluded that volunteers can deliver the intervention and contribute to the mental health of this highly vulnerable group of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerben J Westerhof
- a Department of Psychology, Health, and Technology , Center for Ehealth and Well-Being Research, University of Twente , Enschede , The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ernst T Bohlmeijer
- a Department of Psychology, Health, and Technology , Center for Ehealth and Well-Being Research, University of Twente , Enschede , The Netherlands
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The efficacy of Life Review Therapy combined with Memory Specificity Training (LRT-MST) targeting cancer patients in palliative care: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197277. [PMID: 29763431 PMCID: PMC5953483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an intervention combining Life Review Therapy (LRT) and Memory Specificity Training (MST) (LRT-MST) to improve ego-integrity and despair among cancer patients in palliative care. Methods In this multicentre randomized controlled trial, cancer patients in palliative care were randomized to the intervention group (LRT-MST; n = 55) or waiting-list control group (n = 52). LRT-MST is a 4-session home-based psychological intervention that aims to retrieve specific positive memories, to re-evaluate life events and to reconstruct the story of a patient’s life, including the diagnosis of incurable cancer. Outcome measures were ego-integrity and despair (NEIS), psychological distress, anxiety and depression (HADS), quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL), and specificity of the autobiographical memory (AMT). NEIS, HADS and EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL were assessed at baseline (T0), 1 month later (post-treatment; T1), and at 1 month follow-up (T2). AMT was assessed at T0 and T1. Linear mixed models (intention to treat) were used to assess group differences in changes over time. Independent samples t-tests were used to assess group differences at T0, T1, and T2, and effect sizes (ES) were calculated at T1 and T2. Results The course of ego-integrity (not despair) improved significantly over time (p = .007) in the intervention group compared to the waiting-list control group, with moderate, but insignificant, effect sizes at T1 (ES = .42) and T2 (ES = .48). Compliance rate was 69% and total dropout rate was 28%, both primarily related to disease progression and death. Conclusions LRT-MST seems effective among cancer patients in palliative care to improve the course of ego-integrity.
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Erten MN, Brown AD. Memory Specificity Training for Depression and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Promising Therapeutic Intervention. Front Psychol 2018; 9:419. [PMID: 29666598 PMCID: PMC5892288 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mina N Erten
- Department of Psychology, Sarah Lawrence College, Bronxville, NY, United States
| | - Adam D Brown
- Department of Psychology, Sarah Lawrence College, Bronxville, NY, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This updated Cochrane Review of reminiscence therapy (RT) for dementia was first published in 1998, and last updated in 2005. RT involves the discussion of memories and past experiences with other people using tangible prompts such as photographs or music to evoke memories and stimulate conversation. RT is implemented widely in a range of settings using a variety of formats. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of RT on people living with dementia and their carers, taking into account differences in its implementation, including setting (care home, community) and modality (group, individual). SEARCH METHODS We searched ALOIS (the Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group's Specialized Register) on 6 April 2017 using the search term 'reminiscence.' SELECTION CRITERIA We included all randomised controlled trials of RT for dementia in which the duration of the intervention was at least four weeks (or six sessions) and that had a 'no treatment' or passive control group. Outcomes of interest were quality of life (QoL), cognition, communication, behaviour, mood and carer outcomes. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors (LOP and EF) independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Where necessary, we contacted study authors for additional information. We pooled data from all sufficiently similar studies reporting on each outcome. We undertook subgroup analysis by setting (community versus care home) and by modality (individual versus group). We used GRADE methods to assess the overall quality of evidence for each outcome. MAIN RESULTS We included 22 studies involving 1972 people with dementia. Meta-analyses included data from 16 studies (1749 participants). Apart from six studies with risk of selection bias, the overall risk of bias in the studies was low.Overall, moderate quality evidence indicated RT did not have an important effect on QoL immediately after the intervention period compared with no treatment (standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.12 to 0.33; I2 = 59%; 8 studies; 1060 participants). Inconsistency between studies mainly related to the study setting. There was probably a slight benefit in favour of RT in care homes post-treatment (SMD 0.46, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.75; 3 studies; 193 participants), but little or no difference in QoL in community settings (867 participants from five studies).For cognitive measures, there was high quality evidence for a very small benefit, of doubtful clinical importance, associated with reminiscence at the end of treatment (SMD 0.11, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.23; 14 studies; 1219 participants), but little or no difference at longer-term follow-up. There was a probable slight improvement for individual reminiscence and for care homes when analysed separately, but little or no difference for community settings or for group studies. Nine studies included the widely used Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) as a cognitive measure, and, on this scale, there was high quality evidence for an improvement at the end of treatment (mean difference (MD) 1.87 points, 95% CI 0.54 to 3.20; 437 participants). There was a similar effect at longer-term follow-up, but the quality of evidence for this analysis was low (1.8 points, 95% CI -0.06 to 3.65).For communication measures, there may have been a benefit of RT at the end of treatment (SMD -0.51 points, 95% CI -0.97 to -0.05; I2 = 62%; negative scores indicated improvement; 6 studies; 249 participants), but there was inconsistency between studies, related to the RT modality. At follow-up, there was probably a slight benefit of RT (SMD -0.49 points, 95% CI -0.77 to -0.21; 4 studies; 204 participants). Effects were uncertain for individual RT, with very low quality evidence available. For reminiscence groups, evidence of moderate quality indicated a probable slight benefit immediately (SMD -0.39, 95% CI -0.71 to -0.06; 4 studies; 153 participants), and at later follow-up. Community participants probably benefited at end of treatment and follow-up. For care home participants, the results were inconsistent between studies and, while there may be an improvement at follow-up, at the end of treatment the evidence quality was very low and effects were uncertain.Other outcome domains examined for people with dementia included mood, functioning in daily activities, agitation/irritability and relationship quality. There were no clear effects in these domains. Individual reminiscence was probably associated with a slight benefit on depression scales, although its clinical importance was uncertain (SMD -0.41, 95% CI -0.76 to -0.06; 4 studies; 131 participants). We found no evidence of any harmful effects on people with dementia.We also looked at outcomes for carers, including stress, mood and quality of relationship with the person with dementia (from the carer's perspective). We found no evidence of effects on carers other than a potential adverse outcome related to carer anxiety at longer-term follow-up, based on two studies that had involved the carer jointly in reminiscence groups with people with dementia. The control group carers were probably slightly less anxious (MD 0.56 points, 95% CI -0.17 to 1.30; 464 participants), but this result is of uncertain clinical importance, and is also consistent with little or no effect. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The effects of reminiscence interventions are inconsistent, often small in size and can differ considerably across settings and modalities. RT has some positive effects on people with dementia in the domains of QoL, cognition, communication and mood. Care home studies show the widest range of benefits, including QoL, cognition and communication (at follow-up). Individual RT is associated with probable benefits for cognition and mood. Group RT and a community setting are associated with probable improvements in communication. The wide range of RT interventions across studies makes comparisons and evaluation of relative benefits difficult. Treatment protocols are not described in sufficient detail in many publications. There have been welcome improvements in the quality of research on RT since the previous version of this review, although there still remains a need for more randomised controlled trials following clear, detailed treatment protocols, especially allowing the effects of simple and integrative RT to be compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob Woods
- Bangor UniversityDementia Services Development Centre WalesArdudwy, Holyhead RoadBangorGwyneddUKLL57 2PZ
| | - Laura O'Philbin
- Bangor UniversityDementia Services Development Centre WalesArdudwy, Holyhead RoadBangorGwyneddUKLL57 2PZ
| | - Emma M Farrell
- Bangor UniversityDementia Services Development Centre WalesArdudwy, Holyhead RoadBangorGwyneddUKLL57 2PZ
| | - Aimee E Spector
- University College LondonResearch Department of Clinical, Educational and Health PsychologyGower StreetLondonUKWC1E 6BT
| | - Martin Orrell
- University of NottinghamInstitute of Mental HealthTriumph RoadNottinghamNottinghamshireUK
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Allen AP, Doyle C, Commins S, Roche RA. Autobiographical memory, the ageing brain and mechanisms of psychological interventions. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 42:100-111. [PMID: 29246541 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the impact of healthy cognitive ageing and dementia on autobiographical memory (AM) may help deepen our theoretical understanding of memory and underlying neural changes. The distinction between episodic and semantic autobiographical memory is particularly informative in this regard. Psychological interventions, particularly those involving reminiscence or music, have led to differential effects on episodic and semantic autobiographical memory. We propose that executive function is a key mediator of psychological therapies on autobiographical memory. We also highlight that interventions that alleviate stress and improve mood, including in major depression, can enhance autobiographical memory. Future research employing more longitudinal approaches and examining moderating factors such as gender and education level will deepen our understanding of changes in AM in later life, enhance our theoretical understanding of the neuroscience of AM and ageing, and help to develop better targeted interventions for preserving AM in older adults.
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Nourkova VV, Vasilenko DA. On the advantage of autobiographical memory pliability: implantation of positive self-defining memories reduces trait anxiety. Memory 2017; 26:869-881. [PMID: 29284340 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2017.1420195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper is devoted to the mechanism of the positive construction of autobiographical memory. Positive construction consists of the spontaneous transformation of memories in the direction of the subjective enhancement of self-competence in past activities to anticipate improvement over time. We speculated that trait anxiety may indicate a failure to exhibit this mechanism that results in a deficit of affirmative self-esteem. We hypothesised that the implantation of positive self-defining memories in anxiety-evoking domains would decrease trait anxiety. One hundred twenty adults recollected three negative self-defining memories. Then, half of the participants imagined episodes of desired behaviour that differed from the originally recollected ones either in discussion or in hypnosis. Thirty participants experienced a hypnotic state without any references to memories, and the rest formed the control group. Subjects from the "Memory Implantation in Hypnosis" group became unable to distinguish the originally reported memories from the imagined ones, exhibited decreased trait anxiety scores after a 4-month delay, and reported enhanced self-esteem. In contrast, the participants from the "Hypnosis with no reference to the past" group exhibited decreased scores at a short delay but later returned to their original scores. These findings highlight the power of cured episodic-like autobiographical memory for updating the self.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika V Nourkova
- a Department of General Psychology , Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russia
| | - Darya A Vasilenko
- a Department of General Psychology , Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russia
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Chen GF, Liu LL, Cui JF, Chen T, Qin XJ, Gan JC, Bi B, Neumann DL, Shum DHK, Wang Y, Chan RCK. Life review therapy enhances mental time travel in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2017; 258:145-152. [PMID: 29024892 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mental Time Travel (MTT) is the ability of individuals to project themselves to the past or to the future. Studies have shown that schizophrenia (SZ) patients are impaired in MTT. The present study aimed to examine whether MTT in patients with SZ can be improved through Life Review Therapy. Fifty patients with SZ were randomly assigned to the training (SZ-training) or control (SZ-control) group. Whereas the SZ-training group received four-week Life Review Therapy in addition to conventional treatment, the SZ-control group only received conventional treatment. MTT, emotional status, life satisfaction and cognitive functions were assessed before and after the training. We also recruited 25 matched healthy controls to complete all the assessments at baseline. After training, the SZ-training group showed higher specificity and more field perspective than the SZ-control group. No significant difference was found between the SZ-training group post-training assessment and the healthy controls. The SZ-training group also showed significant improvements in emotional expression, semantic memory and verbal fluency, but the SZ-control group did not show such improvements. These results indicated that Life Review Therapy is effective in improving MTT of SZ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Fang Chen
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; The Second People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Lu-Lu Liu
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Fang Cui
- Information Center, National Institute of Education Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Qin
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie-Chun Gan
- The Second People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Bin Bi
- The Second People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - David L Neumann
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - David H K Shum
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Ya Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Déficits de la conscience autonoétique et de la mémoire autobiographique : résultats d’une intervention cognitive dans la schizophrénie. PRAT PSYCHOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prps.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper examines the contribution of a new group of therapeutic interventions for older adults, based on a rudimentary life-review intervention. The intervention includes narrative elements together with drama therapy. The current study examines the influence of this therapeutic intervention on key indicators of mental health and psychological well-being among older adults. METHOD Fifty-five people (n = 55), ranging in age from 62 to 93, participated in a before-after study design. The following indices - meaning in life, self-acceptance, relationships with others, depressive symptoms, and experience of successful aging - were compared between an intervention group (n = 27) and a care-as-usual control group (n = 28). RESULTS Repeated measures analyses of variance showed a significant improvement over time in the experimental group. In addition, results also showed time-group interaction regarding the treatment's effectiveness for self-acceptance, relationships with others, sense of meaning in life, sense of successful aging, and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Our findings confirm that the new therapeutic intervention, which integrates life-review with drama therapy, increases self-acceptance, relationships with others, sense of meaning in life, and sense of successful aging; in turn, it also decreases depressive symptoms among older adults. The contribution of this research is based on the development of a therapeutic intervention that combines narrative together with drama therapy tools, which can be used in focused and short-term group treatments with the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoshi Keisari
- a Department of Gerontology, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences , University of Haifa , Haifa , Israel
| | - Yuval Palgi
- b The Center for Research and Study of Aging, Department of Gerontology, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences , University of Haifa , Haifa , Israel
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Nandrino JL, Gandolphe MC, El Haj M. Autobiographical memory compromise in individuals with alcohol use disorders: Towards implications for psychotherapy research. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 179:61-70. [PMID: 28756101 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
It has been found that Autobiographical memory (i.e., memory for personal experiences and facts about the self) are not properly maintained in people with alcohol-use disorders (AUD). The present paper offers a comprehensive overview of findings regarding the consequences of AUD on autobiographical memory. More specifically, we offer a theoretical model (the AMAUD Autobiographical Memory and Alcohol Use Disorders model) according to which chronic alcohol consumption compromises emotion regulation as well as executive control, which maintains the construction of autobiographical memory. Compromises in emotional regulation and executive functioning can be linked to a weak aspiration to construct detailed memories (i.e., autobiographical overgenerality), compromises of subjective reliving, anterograde amnesia, negative self-defining memories, and a difficulty to mentally project oneself forward in time to generate complex autobiographical representations and self-images. By gathering cognitive and clinical aspects of autobiographical decline in AUD, this model constitutes a theoretical foundation that may lead to a better understanding of this decline. Different clinical perspectives are proposed for developing personalized autobiographical memory rehabilitation programs for individuals with AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Nandrino
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Marie-Charlotte Gandolphe
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mohamad El Haj
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France
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Holvast F, Massoudi B, Oude Voshaar RC, Verhaak PFM. Non-pharmacological treatment for depressed older patients in primary care: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184666. [PMID: 28938015 PMCID: PMC5609744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Late-life depression is most often treated in primary care, and it usually coincides with chronic somatic diseases. Given that antidepressants contribute to polypharmacy in these patients, and potentially to interactions with other drugs, non-pharmacological treatments are essential. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to present an overview of the non-pharmacological treatments available in primary care for late-life depression. Method The databases of PubMed, PsychINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched in January 2017 with combinations of MeSH-terms and free text words for “general practice,” “older adults,” “depression,” and “non-pharmacological treatment”. All studies with empirical data concerning adults aged 60 years or older were included, and the results were stratified by primary care, and community setting. We narratively reviewed the results and performed a meta-analysis on cognitive behavioral therapy in the primary care setting. Results We included 11 studies conducted in primary care, which covered the following five treatment modalities: cognitive behavioral therapy, exercise, problem-solving therapy, behavioral activation, and bright-light therapy. Overall, the meta-analysis showed a small effect for cognitive behavioral therapy, with one study also showing that bright-light therapy was effective. Another 18 studies, which evaluated potential non-pharmacological interventions in the community suitable for implementation, indicated that bibliotherapy, life-review, problem-solving therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy were effective at short-term follow-up. Discussion We conclude that the effects of several treatments are promising, but need to be replicated before they can be implemented more widely in primary care. Although more treatment modalities were effective in a community setting, more research is needed to investigate whether these treatments are also applicable in primary care. Trial registration PROSPERO CRD42016038442.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floor Holvast
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of General Practice, Groningen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Btissame Massoudi
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of General Practice, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Richard C. Oude Voshaar
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter F. M. Verhaak
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of General Practice, Groningen, the Netherlands
- NIVEL, Netherlands Institute of Health Services Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Bahk YC, Choi KH. The relationship between autobiographical memory, cognition, and emotion in older adults: a review. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2017; 25:874-892. [PMID: 28895783 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2017.1377681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 30 years, the concept of "autobiographical memory" has been highlighted in numerous behavioral and neuroanatomical studies. Importantly, episodic autobiographical memory, an aspect of autobiographical memory, has been shown to decrease with age but can be improved by training. Autobiographical memory is deeply associated with the default mode network (especially posterior cingulate cortex and medial prefrontal cortex), which is particularly interesting in the context of better understanding the relationship between autobiographical memory, cognition, and emotion in older adults. This article provides an overview of the behavioral and neuroanatomical characteristics of autobiographical memory, as well as its relationship with the default mode network, cognition, emotion, and aging. This article also provides an overall review of autobiographical memory training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chun Bahk
- a Department of Psychology , Korea University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Hong Choi
- a Department of Psychology , Korea University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Leahy F, Ridout N, Mushtaq F, Holland C. Improving specific autobiographical memory in older adults: impacts on mood, social problem solving, and functional limitations. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2017; 25:695-723. [PMID: 28825508 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2017.1365815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Older adults have difficulty recalling specific autobiographical events. This over-general memory style is a vulnerability factor for depression. Two groups receiving interventions that have previously been successful at reducing over-general memory in depressed populations were compared to a control group. Participants were healthy older adults aged ≥70 years: memory specificity training (MEST; n = 22), life review (n = 22), and control group (n = 22). There were significant improvements in autobiographical memory specificity in the MEST and life review groups at post-training, relative to the control group, suggesting that over-general memory can be reduced in older adults. Change in social problem solving ability and functional limitations were related to change in autobiographical memory specificity, supporting the suggested role of specific retrieval in generating solutions to social problems and maintaining independence. Qualitative analysis of participants' feedback revealed that life review may be more appropriate for older adults, possibly because it involves integrating specific memories into a positive narrative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Leahy
- a School of Life and Health Sciences , Aston University , Birmingham , UK
| | - Nathan Ridout
- a School of Life and Health Sciences , Aston University , Birmingham , UK
| | - Faizah Mushtaq
- b National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham , Nottingham , UK.,c Otology and Hearing Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , UK
| | - Carol Holland
- a School of Life and Health Sciences , Aston University , Birmingham , UK
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Nandrino JL, Gandolphe MC. Characterization of Self-Defining Memories in Individuals with Severe Alcohol Use Disorders After Mid-Term Abstinence: The Impact of the Emotional Valence of Memories. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:1484-1491. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.13424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Nandrino
- CNRS UMR 9193; SCALab; Université de Lille; Villeneuve d'Ascq France
- Clinique Medico-Psychologique; Fondation Santé des Etudiants de France; Villeneuve d'Ascq France
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It is not only memory: effects of sensecam on improving well-being in patients with mild alzheimer disease. Int Psychogeriatr 2017; 29:741-754. [PMID: 28124633 DOI: 10.1017/s104161021600243x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive interventions (either restorative or compensatory) developed for mild Alzheimer's Disease (AD) have been tested widely with cognitive measures, but less is known about how the effects of such interventions are generalizable to daily functioning. In the present study, we looked at affective state and perceived functionality and quality of life indicators, for three different cognitive rehabilitation programs. METHODS Fifty-one AD patients in the mild stage of the disease were selected for the study and were randomly assigned to one of three cognitive training groups: (1) Memo+ (a paper and pencil memory training program); (2) SenseCam (wearable camera used as a passive external memory aid); (3) Written diary (a personal journal, used as control condition). All patients attended 11 sessions, twice a week, of 1-hour length. The three outcome indicators were examined with standardized instruments applied before the intervention, one week after and at six months follow-up. RESULTS After treatment, the SenseCam and Memo+ groups had significantly reduced depressive symptoms compared to the Diary control condition. The same was found for measures of perceived functional capacity. No intervention effects were found for quality of life measures. The immediate effects of the interventions were not maintained at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that two types of memory rehabilitation can improve depressive symptomology and instrumental activities of daily living, suggesting that these interventions can stimulate not only cognition but also well-being, at least in the short term.
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Celano CM, Beale EE, Mastromauro CA, Stewart JG, Millstein RA, Auerbach RP, Bedoya CA, Huffman JC. Psychological interventions to reduce suicidality in high-risk patients with major depression: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med 2017; 47:810-821. [PMID: 27876105 PMCID: PMC5340604 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716002798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive psychological constructs have been associated with reduced suicidal ideation, and interventions to cultivate positive feelings have the potential to reduce suicide risk. This study compares the efficacy of a 6-week, telephone-based positive psychology (PP) intervention against a cognition-focused (CF) control intervention among patients recently hospitalized for depression and suicidal ideation or behavior. METHOD A total of 65 adults with a current major depressive episode reporting suicidal ideation or a recent suicide attempt were enrolled from participating in-patient psychiatric units. Prior to discharge, participants were randomized to the PP (n = 32) or CF (n = 33) intervention. In both interventions, participants received a treatment manual, performed weekly PP (e.g. gratitude letter) or CF (e.g. recalling daily events) exercises, and completed weekly one-on-one telephone sessions over 6 weeks. Between-group differences in hopelessness (primary outcome), depression, suicidality and positive psychological constructs at 6 and 12 weeks were tested using mixed-effects models accounting for intensity of post-hospitalization psychiatric treatment. RESULTS Compared with PP, the CF intervention was associated with significantly greater improvements in hopelessness at 6 weeks (β = -3.15, 95% confidence interval -6.18 to -0.12, effect size = -0.84, p = 0.04), but not 12 weeks. Similarly, the CF intervention led to greater improvements in depression, suicidal ideation, optimism and gratitude at 6 and 12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to our hypothesis, the CF intervention was superior to PP in improving hopelessness, other suicide risk factors and positive psychological constructs during a key post-discharge period among suicidal patients with depression. Further study of this CF intervention is warranted in populations at high suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. M. Celano
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E. E. Beale
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C. A. Mastromauro
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J. G. Stewart
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - R. A. Millstein
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R. P. Auerbach
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - C. A. Bedoya
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J. C. Huffman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Renn BN, Areán PA. Psychosocial Treatment Options for Major Depressive Disorder in Older Adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 4:1-12. [PMID: 28932652 DOI: 10.1007/s40501-017-0100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Late-life depression (LLD) is a public health concern with deleterious effects on overall health, cognition, quality of life, and mortality. Although LLD is relatively common, it is not a normal part of aging and is often under-recognized in older adults. However, psychotherapy is an effective treatment for LLD that aligns with many patients' preferences and can improve health and functioning. This review synthesized the current literature on evidence-based psychotherapies for the treatment of depression in older adults. Findings suggest that active, skills-based psychotherapies (cognitive behavioral therapy [CBT] and problem-solving therapy [PST]) may be more effective for LLD than non-directive, supportive counseling. PST may be particularly relevant for offsetting skill deficit associated with LLD, such as in instances of cognitive impairment (especially executive dysfunction) and disability. Emerging treatments also consider contextual factors to improve treatment delivery, such as personalized care, access, and poverty. Tele-mental health represents one such exciting new way of improving access and uptake of treatment by older adults. Although these strategies hold promise, further investigation via randomized controlled trials and comparative effectiveness are necessary to advance our treatment of LLD. Priority should be given to recruiting and training the geriatric mental health workforce to deliver evidence-based psychosocial interventions for LLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna N Renn
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Patricia A Areán
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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