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Passeri A, Municchi D, Cavalieri G, Babicola L, Ventura R, Di Segni M. Linking drug and food addiction: an overview of the shared neural circuits and behavioral phenotype. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1240748. [PMID: 37767338 PMCID: PMC10520727 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1240748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a lack of agreement on its definition and inclusion as a specific diagnosable disturbance, the food addiction construct is supported by several neurobiological and behavioral clinical and preclinical findings. Recognizing food addiction is critical to understanding how and why it manifests. In this overview, we focused on those as follows: 1. the hyperpalatable food effects in food addiction development; 2. specific brain regions involved in both food and drug addiction; and 3. animal models highlighting commonalities between substance use disorders and food addiction. Although results collected through animal studies emerged from protocols differing in several ways, they clearly highlight commonalities in behavioral manifestations and neurobiological alterations between substance use disorders and food addiction characteristics. To develop improved food addiction models, this heterogeneity should be acknowledged and embraced so that research can systematically investigate the role of specific variables in the development of the different behavioral features of addiction-like behavior in preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Passeri
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology and Center “Daniel Bovet”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Diana Municchi
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology and Center “Daniel Bovet”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Cavalieri
- Department of Psychology and Center “Daniel Bovet”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Rossella Ventura
- Department of Psychology and Center “Daniel Bovet”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Di Segni
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology and Center “Daniel Bovet”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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2
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Geisler CE, Hayes MR. Metabolic Hormone Action in the VTA: Reward-Directed Behavior and Mechanistic Insights. Physiol Behav 2023; 268:114236. [PMID: 37178855 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunctional signaling in midbrain reward circuits perpetuates diseases characterized by compulsive overconsumption of rewarding substances such as substance abuse, binge eating disorder, and obesity. Ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopaminergic activity serves as an index for how rewarding stimuli are perceived and triggers behaviors necessary to obtain future rewards. The evolutionary linking of reward with seeking and consuming palatable foods ensured an organism's survival, and hormone systems that regulate appetite concomitantly developed to regulate motivated behaviors. Today, these same mechanisms serve to regulate reward-directed behavior around food, drugs, alcohol, and social interactions. Understanding how hormonal regulation of VTA dopaminergic output alters motivated behaviors is essential to leveraging therapeutics that target these hormone systems to treat addiction and disordered eating. This review will outline our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying VTA action of the metabolic hormones ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1, amylin, leptin, and insulin to regulate behavior around food and drugs of abuse, highlighting commonalities and differences in how these five hormones ultimately modulate VTA dopamine signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Geisler
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Matthew R Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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3
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Iñiguez SD, Flores-Ramirez FJ, Themann A, Lira O. Adolescent Fluoxetine Exposure Induces Persistent Gene Expression Changes in the Hippocampus of Adult Male C57BL/6 Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:1683-1694. [PMID: 33241493 PMCID: PMC7933079 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02221-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Mood-related disorders have a high prevalence among children and adolescents, posing a public health challenge, given their adverse impact on these young populations. Treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine (FLX) is the first line of pharmacological intervention in pediatric patients suffering from affect-related illnesses. Although the use of this antidepressant has been deemed efficacious in the juvenile population, the enduring neurobiological consequences of adolescent FLX exposure are not well understood. Therefore, we explored for persistent molecular adaptations, in the adult hippocampus, as a function of adolescent FLX pretreatment. To do this, we administered FLX (20 mg/kg/day) to male C57BL/6 mice during adolescence (postnatal day [PD] 35-49). After a 21-day washout period (PD70), whole hippocampal tissue was dissected. We then used qPCR analysis to assess changes in the expression of genes associated with major intracellular signal transduction pathways, including the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), the phosphatidylinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway, and the wingless (Wnt)-dishevelled-GSK3β signaling cascade. Our results show that FLX treatment results in long-term dysregulation of mRNA levels across numerous genes from the ERK, PI3K/AKT, and Wnt intracellular signaling pathways, along with increases of the transcription factors CREB, ΔFosB, and Zif268. Lastly, FLX treatment resulted in persistent increases of transcripts associated with cytoskeletal integrity (β-actin) and caspase activation (DIABLO), while decreasing genes associated with metabolism (fucose kinase) and overall neuronal activation (c-Fos). Collectively, these data indicate that adolescent FLX exposure mediates persistent alterations in hippocampal gene expression in adulthood, thus questioning the safety of early-life exposure to this antidepressant medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio D Iñiguez
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
| | - Francisco J Flores-Ramirez
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Anapaula Themann
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Omar Lira
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
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4
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Parise LF, Sial OK, Warren BL, Sattler CR, Duperrouzel JC, Parise EM, Bolaños-Guzmán CA. Nicotine treatment buffers negative behavioral consequences induced by exposure to physical and emotional stress in adolescent male mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:3125-3137. [PMID: 32594187 PMCID: PMC7819755 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05598-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Early life stress influences adult psychopathology and is associated with an increase in the propensity for drug use/seeking throughout the lifespan. Animal models corroborate that stress exposure exacerbates maladaptive reactivity to stressful stimuli while also shifting the rewarding properties of many drugs of abuse, including nicotine (NIC), a stimulant commonly misused by adolescents. Interestingly, NIC treatment can also normalize some stress-induced behavioral deficits in adult rodents; however, little is known about NIC's therapeutic efficacy following stress experienced during adolescence. The goal of the following experiments was to elucidate NIC's ability to buffer the negative consequences of stress exposure, and to further assess behavioral responsivity while on the drug. Given that stress often occurs in both physical and non-physical forms, we employed the vicarious social defeat stress (VSDS) model which allows for investigation of both physical (PS) and emotional stress (ES) exposure. After 10 days, exposure to PS and ES decreased interaction with a social target in the social interaction test (SIT), confirming social avoidance. Groups were further divided and given NIC (0.0 or 160 mg/L) in their drinking water. After 1 month of NIC consumption, the mice were exposed to the SIT, elevated plus maze (EPM), and the forced swim test (FST), respectively. NIC-treated mice showed a reversal of stress-induced deficits in the EPM and FST. Surprisingly, the mice did not show improvement in the SIT regardless of treatment condition. Together, these data confirm NIC's ability to normalize some stress-induced behavioral deficits; however, NIC's effects on social behavior need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyonna F Parise
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4325 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Omar K Sial
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4325 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Brandon L Warren
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Department of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Carley R Sattler
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4325 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jacqueline C Duperrouzel
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 S.W. 8th St., Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Eric M Parise
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Carlos A Bolaños-Guzmán
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4325 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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5
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Abstract
Addiction to substances such as alcohol, cocaine, opioids, and methamphetamine poses a continuing clinical and public challenge globally. Despite progress in understanding substance use disorders, challenges remain in their treatment. Some of these challenges include limited ability of therapeutics to reach the brain (blood-brain barrier), adverse systemic side effects of current medications, and importantly key aspects of addiction not addressed by currently available treatments (such as cognitive impairment). Inability to sustain abstinence or seek treatment due to cognitive deficits such as poor decision-making and impulsivity is known to cause poor treatment outcomes. In this review, we provide an evidenced-based rationale for intranasal drug delivery as a viable and safe treatment modality to bypass the blood-brain barrier and target insulin to the brain to improve the treatment of addiction. Intranasal insulin with improvement of brain cell energy and glucose metabolism, stress hormone reduction, and improved monoamine transmission may be an ideal approach for treating multiple domains of addiction including memory and impulsivity. This may provide additional benefits to enhance current treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavani Kashyap
- HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, 295 Phalen Blvd, St Paul, Minnesota, 55130, USA.
- HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Leah R Hanson
- HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, 295 Phalen Blvd, St Paul, Minnesota, 55130, USA
- HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota, USA
| | - William H Frey Ii
- HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, 295 Phalen Blvd, St Paul, Minnesota, 55130, USA
- HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota, USA
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6
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Sierra-Fonseca JA, Parise LF, Flores-Ramirez FJ, Robles EH, Garcia-Carachure I, Iñiguez SD. Dorsal Hippocampus ERK2 Signaling Mediates Anxiolytic-Related Behavior in Male Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3. [PMID: 32095734 PMCID: PMC7039622 DOI: 10.1177/2470547019897030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Anxiety disorders are the most common neuropathologies worldwide, but the precise neuronal mechanisms that underlie these disorders remain unknown. The hippocampus plays a role in mediating anxiety-related responses, which can be modeled in rodents using behavioral assays, such as the elevated plus maze. Yet, the molecular markers that underlie affect-related behavior on the elevated plus maze are not well understood. Methods We used herpes simplex virus vector delivery to overexpress extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2, a signaling molecule known to be involved in depression and anxiety, within the dorsal hippocampus of adult Sprague-Dawley male rats. Three days post virus delivery, we assessed anxiety-like responses on the elevated plus maze or general locomotor activity on the open field test. Results When compared to controls, rats overexpressing extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2 in the dorsal hippocampus displayed an anxiolytic-like phenotype, per increases in time spent in the open arms, and less time in the closed arms, of the elevated plus maze. Furthermore, no changes in locomotor activity as a function of virus infusion were observed on the open field test between the experimental groups. Conclusion This investigation demonstrates that virus-mediated increases of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2 signaling, within the hippocampus, plays a critical role in decreasing anxiogenic responses on the rat elevated plus maze. As such, our data provide construct validity, at least in part, to the molecular mechanisms that mediate anxiolytic-like behavior in rodent models for the study of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lyonna F. Parise
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at
Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Eden H. Robles
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El
Paso, TX, USA
| | | | - Sergio D. Iñiguez
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El
Paso, TX, USA
- Sergio D. Iñiguez, Department of Psychology,
The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX
79968, USA.
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7
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Liu S, Borgland SL. Insulin actions in the mesolimbic dopamine system. Exp Neurol 2019; 320:113006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Anandhakrishnan A, Korbonits M. Glucagon-like peptide 1 in the pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of clinical obesity. World J Diabetes 2016; 7:572-598. [PMID: 28031776 PMCID: PMC5155232 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v7.i20.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Though the pathophysiology of clinical obesity is undoubtedly multifaceted, several lines of clinical evidence implicate an important functional role for glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) signalling. Clinical studies assessing GLP-1 responses in normal weight and obese subjects suggest that weight gain may induce functional deficits in GLP-1 signalling that facilitates maintenance of the obesity phenotype. In addition, genetic studies implicate a possible role for altered GLP-1 signalling as a risk factor towards the development of obesity. As reductions in functional GLP-1 signalling seem to play a role in clinical obesity, the pharmacological replenishment seems a promising target for the medical management of obesity in clinical practice. GLP-1 analogue liraglutide at a high dose (3 mg/d) has shown promising results in achieving and maintaining greater weight loss in obese individuals compared to placebo control, and currently licensed anti-obesity medications. Generally well tolerated, provided that longer-term data in clinical practice supports the currently available evidence of superior short- and long-term weight loss efficacy, GLP-1 analogues provide promise towards achieving the successful, sustainable medical management of obesity that remains as yet, an unmet clinical need.
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Iñiguez SD, Riggs LM, Nieto SJ, Wright KN, Zamora NN, Cruz B, Zavala AR, Robison AJ, Mazei-Robison MS. Fluoxetine exposure during adolescence increases preference for cocaine in adulthood. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15009. [PMID: 26449406 PMCID: PMC4598853 DOI: 10.1038/srep15009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is a high prevalence of antidepressant prescription rates within juvenile populations, yet little is known about the potential long-lasting consequences of such treatments, particularly on subsequent responses to drugs of abuse. To address this issue at the preclinical level, we examined whether adolescent exposure to fluoxetine (FLX), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, results in changes to the sensitivity of the rewarding properties of cocaine in adulthood. Separate groups of male c57bl/6 mice were exposed to FLX (0 or 20 mg/kg) for 15 consecutive days either during adolescence (postnatal days [PD] 35–49) or adulthood (PD 65–79). Twenty-one days after FLX treatment, behavioral responsivity to cocaine (0, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg) conditioned place preference was assessed. Our data shows that mice pretreated with FLX during adolescence, but not during adulthood, display an enhanced dose-dependent preference to the environment paired with cocaine (5 or 10 mg/kg) when compared to age-matched saline pretreated controls. Taken together, our findings suggest that adolescent exposure to FLX increases sensitivity to the rewarding properties of cocaine, later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio D Iñiguez
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA.,Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | - Lace M Riggs
- Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | - Steven J Nieto
- Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | | | - Norma N Zamora
- Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | - Bryan Cruz
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Arturo R Zavala
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Alfred J Robison
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, Michigan, MI, USA
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10
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Khanh DV, Choi YH, Moh SH, Kinyua AW, Kim KW. Leptin and insulin signaling in dopaminergic neurons: relationship between energy balance and reward system. Front Psychol 2014; 5:846. [PMID: 25147530 PMCID: PMC4124796 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The central actions of leptin and insulin are essential for the regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis. In addition to the crucial effects on the hypothalamus, emerging evidence suggests that the leptin and insulin signaling can act on other brain regions to mediate the reward value of nutrients. Recent studies have indicated the midbrain dopaminergic neurons as a potential site for leptin' and insulin's actions on mediating the feeding behaviors and therefore affecting the energy balance. Although molecular details about the integrative roles of leptin and insulin in this subset of neurons remain to be investigated, substantial body of evidence by far imply that the signaling pathways regulated by leptin and insulin may play an essential role in the regulation of energy balance through the control of food-associated reward. This review therefore describes the convergence of energy regulation and reward system, particularly focusing on leptin and insulin signaling in the midbrain dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doan V. Khanh
- Departments of Pharmacology and Global Biomedical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei UniversityWonju, South Korea
- Institute of Lifestyle Medicine and Nuclear Receptor Research Consortium, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei UniversityWonju, South Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Choi
- Institute of Lifestyle Medicine and Nuclear Receptor Research Consortium, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei UniversityWonju, South Korea
- Antiaging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co. Ltd.Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Moh
- Antiaging Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co. Ltd.Incheon, South Korea
| | - Ann W. Kinyua
- Departments of Pharmacology and Global Biomedical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei UniversityWonju, South Korea
- Institute of Lifestyle Medicine and Nuclear Receptor Research Consortium, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei UniversityWonju, South Korea
| | - Ki Woo Kim
- Departments of Pharmacology and Global Biomedical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei UniversityWonju, South Korea
- Institute of Lifestyle Medicine and Nuclear Receptor Research Consortium, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei UniversityWonju, South Korea
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Alcantara LF, Warren BL, Parise EM, Iñiguez SD, Bolaños-Guzmán CA. Effects of psychotropic drugs on second messenger signaling and preference for nicotine in juvenile male mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:1479-92. [PMID: 24452697 PMCID: PMC5534174 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3434-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE A common treatment strategy for pediatric attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) is combined methylphenidate (MPH) and fluoxetine (FLX). This has raised concerns because MPH + FLX treatment may have pharmacodynamic properties similar to cocaine, potentially increasing drug abuse liability. OBJECTIVES To examine the short- and long-term consequences of repeated vehicle, MPH, FLX, MPH + FLX, and cocaine treatment on gene expression in juvenile (postnatal days [PD] 20-34) and adult (PD 70-84) male mice. We further assessed whether juvenile drug treatment influenced subsequent sensitivity for nicotine in adulthood. METHODS Juvenile and adult C57BL/6J mice received vehicle, MPH, FLX, MPH + FLX, or cocaine twice-daily for 15 consecutive days. Mice were sacrificed 24 h or 2 months after the last drug injection to assess drug-induced effects on the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase-1/2 (ERK) pathway within the ventral tegmental area. Subsequent sensitivity for nicotine (0.05, 0.07, and 0.09 mg/kg) was measured using the place-conditioning paradigm (CPP) 24 h and 2 months after juvenile drug exposure. RESULTS MPH + FLX, or cocaine exposure in juvenile mice increased mRNA expression of ERK2 and its downstream targets (CREB, cFos, and Zif268), and increased protein phosphorylation of ERK2 and CREB 2 months after drug exposure. Similar mRNA findings were observed in the adult-treated mice. Findings on gene expression 24 h following drug treatment were variable. Juvenile drug exposure increased preference for nicotine when tested in adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Early-life MPH + FLX, or cocaine exposure similarly disrupts the ERK pathway, a signaling cascade implicated in motivation and mood regulation, and increases sensitivity for nicotine in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyonna F Alcantara
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
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12
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Iñiguez SD, Alcantara LF, Warren BL, Riggs LM, Parise EM, Vialou V, Wright KN, Dayrit G, Nieto SJ, Wilkinson MB, Lobo MK, Neve RL, Nestler EJ, Bolaños-Guzmán CA. Fluoxetine exposure during adolescence alters responses to aversive stimuli in adulthood. J Neurosci 2014; 34:1007-21. [PMID: 24431458 PMCID: PMC3891944 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5725-12.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the enduring neurobiological consequences of antidepressant exposure during adolescence are poorly understood. Here, we assessed the long-term effects of exposure to fluoxetine (FLX), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, during adolescence on behavioral reactivity to emotion-eliciting stimuli. We administered FLX (10 mg/kg, bi-daily, for 15 d) to male adolescent [postnatal day 35 (P35) to P49] C57BL/6 mice. Three weeks after treatment (P70), reactivity to aversive stimuli (i.e., social defeat stress, forced swimming, and elevated plus maze) was assessed. We also examined the effects of FLX on the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2-related signaling within the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of adolescent mice and Sprague Dawley rats. Adolescent FLX exposure suppressed depression-like behavior, as measured by the social interaction and forced swim tests, while enhancing anxiety-like responses in the elevated plus maze in adulthood. This complex behavioral profile was accompanied by decreases in ERK2 mRNA and protein phosphorylation within the VTA, while stress alone resulted in opposite neurobiological effects. Pharmacological (U0126) inhibition, as well as virus-mediated downregulation of ERK within the VTA mimicked the antidepressant-like profile observed after juvenile FLX treatment. Conversely, overexpression of ERK2 induced a depressive-like response, regardless of FLX pre-exposure. These findings demonstrate that exposure to FLX during adolescence modulates responsiveness to emotion-eliciting stimuli in adulthood, at least partially, via long-lasting adaptations in ERK-related signaling within the VTA. Our results further delineate the role ERK plays in regulating mood-related behaviors across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio D. Iñiguez
- Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, California 92407
| | - Lyonna F. Alcantara
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306
| | - Brandon L. Warren
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306
| | - Lace M. Riggs
- Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, California 92407
| | - Eric M. Parise
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306
| | - Vincent Vialou
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029
| | - Katherine N. Wright
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306
| | - Genesis Dayrit
- Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, California 92407
| | - Steven J. Nieto
- Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, California 92407
| | - Matthew B. Wilkinson
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029
| | - Mary K. Lobo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, and
| | - Rachael L. Neve
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Eric J. Nestler
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029
| | - Carlos A. Bolaños-Guzmán
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306
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13
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Parise EM, Alcantara LF, Warren BL, Wright KN, Hadad R, Sial OK, Kroeck KG, Iñiguez SD, Bolaños-Guzmán CA. Repeated ketamine exposure induces an enduring resilient phenotype in adolescent and adult rats. Biol Psychiatry 2013; 74:750-9. [PMID: 23790225 PMCID: PMC3785550 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder afflicts up to 10% of adolescents. However, nearly 50% of those afflicted are considered nonresponsive to available treatments. Ketamine, a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist has shown potential as a rapid-acting and long-lasting treatment for major depressive disorder in adults. Thus, the effectiveness and functional consequences of ketamine exposure during adolescence were explored. METHODS Adolescent male rats (postnatal day [PD] 35) received two ketamine (0, 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg) injections, 4 hours apart, after exposure to day 1 of the forced swim test (FST). The next day, rats were reexposed to the FST to assess ketamine-induced antidepressant-like responses. Separate groups were exposed to chronic unpredictable stress to confirm findings from the FST. After these initial experiments, adolescent naive rats were exposed to either 1 or 15 consecutive days (PD35-49) of ketamine (20 mg/kg) twice daily. Ketamine's influence on behavioral reactivity to rewarding (i.e., sucrose preference) and aversive (i.e., elevated plus-maze, FST) circumstances was then assessed 2 months after treatment. To control for age-dependent effects, adult rats (PD75-89) were exposed to identical experimental conditions. RESULTS Ketamine (20 mg/kg) reversed the chronic unpredictable stress-induced depression-like behaviors in the FST. Repeated ketamine exposure resulted in anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like responses 2 months after drug exposure. None of the ketamine doses used were capable of inducing drug-seeking behaviors as measured by place preference conditioning. CONCLUSIONS Repeated ketamine exposure induces enduring resilient-like responses regardless of age of exposure. These findings point to ketamine, and its repeated exposure, as a potentially useful antidepressant during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M. Parise
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Lyonna F. Alcantara
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Brandon L. Warren
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Katherine N. Wright
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Roey Hadad
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Omar K. Sial
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Kyle G. Kroeck
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Sergio D. Iñiguez
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Carlos A. Bolaños-Guzmán
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
- Corresponding author: Dr. CA Bolaños-Guzmán Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4301. Tel: (850) 644-2627; Fax (850) 645-7518;
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14
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Kaidanovich-Beilin O, Cha DS, McIntyre RS. Crosstalk between metabolic and neuropsychiatric disorders. F1000 BIOLOGY REPORTS 2012; 4:14. [PMID: 22802875 PMCID: PMC3388805 DOI: 10.3410/b4-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Evidence supporting the concurrence of metabolic disturbances (e.g. insulin resistance, diabetes and obesity) and neuropsychiatric disorders has been demonstrated in both human and animal studies, suggesting the possibility that they have shared pathophysiological mechanisms. During the past decade, our understanding for the role of insulin in both normal and abnormal central nervous system (CNS) processes has become increasingly refined. Evidence indicates that insulin is a pleiotropic peptide, critical to neurotrophism, neuroplasticity, and neuromodulation. Moreover, the role of insulin underscores its importance in the development of several neuropsychiatric disorders, including, but not limited to, mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis and progression towards diabetes, obesity, and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. This review focuses on the insulin-mediated effects on normal and abnormal brain function and discusses why targeting insulin-related pathways in the brain may emerge as a new approach for refining treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Kaidanovich-Beilin
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research InstituteMount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Room 983, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5Canada
| | - Danielle S. Cha
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and the Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network399 Bathurst Street, MP 9-325, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 2S8Canada
| | - Roger S. McIntyre
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and the Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network399 Bathurst Street, MP 9-325, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 2S8Canada
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15
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Abstract
The hedonic properties of food can stimulate feeding behaviour even when energy requirements have been met, contributing to weight gain and obesity. Similarly, the hedonic effects of drugs of abuse can motivate their excessive intake, culminating in addiction. Common brain substrates regulate the hedonic properties of palatable food and addictive drugs, and recent reports suggest that excessive consumption of food or drugs of abuse induces similar neuroadaptive responses in brain reward circuitries. Here, we review evidence suggesting that obesity and drug addiction may share common molecular, cellular and systems-level mechanisms.
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16
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Juvenile administration of concomitant methylphenidate and fluoxetine alters behavioral reactivity to reward- and mood-related stimuli and disrupts ventral tegmental area gene expression in adulthood. J Neurosci 2011; 31:10347-58. [PMID: 21753012 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1470-11.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a rise in the concurrent use of methylphenidate (MPH) and fluoxetine (FLX) in pediatric populations. However, the long-term neurobiological consequences of combined MPH and FLX treatment (MPH + FLX) during juvenile periods are unknown. We administered saline (VEH), MPH, FLX, or MPH + FLX to juvenile Sprague Dawley male rats from postnatal day 20 to 34, and assessed their reactivity to reward- and mood-related stimuli 24 h or 2 months after drug exposure. We also assessed mRNA and protein levels within the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to determine the effect of MPH, FLX, or MPH + FLX on the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase-1/2 (ERK) pathway--a signaling cascade implicated in motivation and mood regulation. MPH + FLX enhanced sensitivity to drug (i.e., cocaine) and sucrose rewards, as well as anxiety (i.e., elevated plus maze)- and stress (i.e., forced swimming)-eliciting situations when compared with VEH-treated rats. MPH + FLX exposure also increased mRNA of ERK2 and its downstream targets cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), BDNF, c-Fos, early growth response protein-1 (Zif268), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and also increased protein phosphorylation of ERK2, CREB, and mTOR 2 months after drug exposure when compared with VEH-treated rats. Using herpes simplex virus-mediated gene transfer to block ERK2 activity within the VTA, we rescued the MPH and FLX-induced behavioral deficits seen in the forced-swimming task 2 months after drug treatment. These results indicate that concurrent MPH + FLX exposure during preadolescence increases sensitivity to reward-related stimuli while simultaneously enhancing susceptibility to stressful situations, at least in part, due to long-lasting disruptions in ERK signaling within the VTA.
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17
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Iñiguez SD, Charntikov S, Baella SA, Herbert MS, Bolaños-Guzmán CA, Crawford CA. Post-training cocaine exposure facilitates spatial memory consolidation in C57BL/6 mice. Hippocampus 2011; 22:802-13. [PMID: 21542053 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.20941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the ability of post-training injections of cocaine to facilitate spatial memory performance using the Morris water maze (MWM). We also investigated the role that hippocampal protein kinase A (PKA) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK) signaling may play in cocaine-mediated spatial memory consolidation processes. Male and female C57BL/6 mice were first trained in a MWM task (eight consecutive trials) then injected with cocaine (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, or 20 mg/kg), and memory for the platform location was retested after a 24 h delay. Cocaine had a dose-dependent effect on spatial memory performance because only the mice receiving 2.5 mg/kg cocaine displayed a significant reduction in latency to locate the platform. No sex differences in MWM performance were observed; however, females showed higher hippocampal levels of PKA when compared with males. A second experiment demonstrated that 2.5 mg/kg cocaine enhanced MWM performance only when administered within 2, but not 4 h after spatial training. We also found that cocaine (2.5 mg/kg) increased ERK2 phosphorylation within the hippocampus and one of its downstream targets (ribosomal S6 kinase), a mechanism that may be responsible, at least in part, for the enhanced cocaine-mediated spatial memory performance. Overall, these data demonstrate that a low dose of cocaine (2.5 mg/kg) administered within 2 h after training facilitates MWM spatial memory performance in C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio D Iñiguez
- Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, California 92407, USA
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18
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Extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2 within the ventral tegmental area regulates responses to stress. J Neurosci 2010; 30:7652-63. [PMID: 20519540 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0951-10.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophic factors and their signaling pathways have been implicated in the neurobiological adaptations in response to stress and the regulation of mood-related behaviors. A candidate signaling molecule implicated in mediating these cellular responses is the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), although its functional role in mood regulation remains to be fully elucidated. Here we show that acute (1 d) or chronic (4 weeks) exposure to unpredictable stress increases phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and of two downstream targets (ribosomal S6 kinase and mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1) within the ventral tegmental area (VTA), an important substrate for motivated behavior and mood regulation. Using herpes simplex virus-mediated gene transfer to assess the functional significance of this ERK induction, we show that overexpressing ERK2 within the VTA increases susceptibility to stress as measured in the forced swim test, responses to unconditioned nociceptive stimuli, and elevated plus maze in Sprague Dawley male rats, and in the tail suspension test and chronic social defeat stress procedure in C57BL/6 male mice. In contrast, blocking ERK2 activity in the VTA produces stress-resistant behavioral responses in these same assays and also blocks a chronic stress-induced reduction in sucrose preference. The effects induced by ERK2 blockade were accompanied by decreases in the firing frequency of VTA dopamine neurons, an important electrophysiological hallmark of resilient-like behavior. Together, these results strongly implicate a role for ERK2 signaling in the VTA as a key modulator of responsiveness to stress and mood-related behaviors.
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19
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Iñiguez SD, Warren BL, Neve RL, Russo SJ, Nestler EJ, Bolaños-Guzmán CA. Viral-mediated expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2 in the ventral tegmental area modulates behavioral responses to cocaine. Behav Brain Res 2010; 214:460-4. [PMID: 20561901 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to cocaine increases the activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a neural substrate for drugs of abuse. However, the functional significance of changes in ERK1/2 activity in this brain region is unknown. Using herpes simplex virus-mediated gene transfer to regulate ERK2 activity within the VTA in male rats, we show that overexpressing ERK2 increases preference for environments previously paired with low doses of cocaine and enhances cocaine-induced locomotion, whereas blocking ERK2 activity blocks cocaine-induced place conditioning and locomotor activity. These results demonstrate that ERK2-signaling within the VTA is a key modulator of functional responses to cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio D Iñiguez
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, The Florida State University, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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20
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Davis JF, Choi DL, Benoit SC. Insulin, leptin and reward. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2010; 21:68-74. [PMID: 19818643 PMCID: PMC2822063 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2009.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Revised: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Feeding for pleasure, or "non-homeostatic feeding", potentially contributes to the rapid development of obesity worldwide. Obesity is associated with an imbalance of regulatory hormones which normally act to maintain stable energy balance and body weight. The adiposity hormones insulin and leptin are two such signals elevated in obesity with the capacity to dampen feeding behavior through their action on hypothalamic circuits which regulate appetite and metabolism. Recent evidence suggests that both hormones achieve this degree of regulation by inhibiting the rewarding aspects of feeding behavior, perhaps by signaling within midbrain reward circuits. This review describes the capacity of both insulin and leptin to regulate reward-related behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon F Davis
- Department of Psychiatry North, E, Lab 334, University of Cincinnati, 2170 East Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA.
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21
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Wiley MD, Poveromo LB, Antapasis J, Herrera CM, Bolaños-Guzmán CA. Kappa-opioid system regulates the long-lasting behavioral adaptations induced by early-life exposure to methylphenidate. Neuropsychopharmacology 2009; 34:1339-50. [PMID: 18923399 PMCID: PMC2656574 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2008.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Methylphenidate (MPH) is commonly prescribed in childhood and adolescence for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders. In rodents, MPH exposure during preadolescence (postnatal days (PD) 20-35) causes decreased sensitivity to drug and natural rewards, while enhancing a negative emotional state characterized by increased sensitivity to aversive situations later in adulthood. It has been proposed that this behavioral profile may be mediated, at least in part, by changes in the expression of dynorphin, the endogenous ligand for kappa-opioid receptors (KORs). Because increases in dynorphin activity and activation of KOR induce aversive states, we examined the possibility that these behavioral deficits may be mediated by changes in KOR function, and that MPH-exposed rats would demonstrate increased sensitivity to the kappa-agonist U-50488. Sprague-Dawley male rats were treated with MPH (2 mg/kg) or its saline vehicle (VEH) during PD20-35. When adults (PD90+), these rats were divided into groups receiving saline, U-50488 (5 mg/kg), or nor-binaltorphimine (20 mg/kg), a kappa-antagonist, and their behavioral reactivity to various emotion-eliciting stimuli was assessed. Results show that MPH exposure decreases cocaine place conditioning and sucrose preference, while increasing vulnerability to anxiety (elevated plus maze)- and stress (forced swimming)-eliciting situations, and that these behavioral deficits can be intensified by U-50488, while being normalized by nor-binaltorphimine treatment. These results are consistent with the notion that dysregulated dynorphin/kappa-opioid systems may mediate deficits in behavioral responding after developmental MPH exposure. Moreover, these findings further support the idea of kappa-antagonists as potential pharmacotherapy for the treatment of anxiety- and depression-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carlos A. Bolaños-Guzmán
- Corresponding author: Dr. CA Bolaños. Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, 1107 West Call Street, P.O. Box 3064301, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4301. Tel: (850) 644-2627; Fax (850) 645-7518;
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