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Hoffmann JP, Jones MS. Cumulative Stressors and Adolescent Substance Use: A Review of 21st-Century Literature. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2022; 23:891-905. [PMID: 33345723 DOI: 10.1177/1524838020979674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to assess empirical studies from the last 2 decades that have examined the association between cumulative stressors and adolescent substance use. Cumulative stressors were measured in these studies with adverse childhood experiences or adolescent stressful life events inventories. The 109 articles meeting the eligibility criteria that emerged from the review demonstrated a consistent, yet modest, association between cumulative stressors and adolescent substance use. Of note, several studies found that the associations were moderated or mediated by genetic factors related to cortisol regulation, intrapersonal factors such as low self-control, or interpersonal factors such as peer substance use. The review's findings thus suggest that efforts to reduce the effects of cumulative stressors on substance use could gainfully identify and target these risk moderators and mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Hoffmann
- Department of Sociology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Melissa S Jones
- Department of Sociology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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Ruiz M, Johnson A, Campbell L. Acculturation and drinking behavior among Latinxs: a narrative review. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2022; 23:21-57. [PMID: 35635435 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2022.2080144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Research suggests that acculturation is associated with increased alcohol consumption among Latinxs. The purpose of this narrative review is to contribute to this literature by examining the association between acculturation and alcohol use within current theoretical and etiological frameworks on cultural norms, acculturative stress, and acculturative gaps. This review also compares the utility of these explanatory frameworks for guiding future research. Two databases (PubMed and PsycInfo) were used to identify peer-reviewed studies pertaining to the associations between acculturation and alcohol use among Latinxs. Studies that examined drinking norms, acculturative stress, acculturation gaps, and drinking behavior in Latinxs were included. The types of study approaches and designs included quantitative, qualitative, cross-sectional, cohort, and longitudinal studies published between January 2000 and December 2021. Quality assessment and data synthesis were conducted by two reviewers. A total of 65 articles reporting empirical studies were included in the final review. Eighteen studies did not utilize a specific framework, but generally supported that acculturation is associated with increased alcohol consumption and alcohol related consequences among Latinxs. Additionally, sixteen studies examined cultural norms, twenty-two examined acculturative stress, while only nine utilized a gap discrepancy framework. Studies examining drinking norms appeared to largely explain changes in drinking behavior among Latinas, while studies examining acculturative stress seemed to be better equipped to explain changes in drinking behavior among Latino men. Meanwhile, the Gap Discrepancy Model articulates the gap between old and new cultural influences and can be conceptualized as an additional dimension of acculturative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Ruiz
- East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | | | - Lisa Campbell
- East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
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Hurwich-Reiss E, Watamura SE. Family processes among Latino Early Head Start families: Understanding the role of caregiver acculturation. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 47:1433-1448. [PMID: 31066922 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Family Stress Model (FSM) provides a framework for how economic pressure can impact family processes and outcomes, including parent's mental health, parenting, and child problem behaviors. Although the FSM has been widely replicated, samples disproportionately impacted by poverty, including early childhood samples and in particular Latino families with young children, have been largely excluded from FSM research. Therefore, among a sample of Latino Early Head Start children (N = 127), the current study evaluated a modified FSM to understand the direct and indirect pathways among economic pressure, parental depression, parenting self-efficacy, the parent-child relationship, child problem behaviors, and parental acculturation. Results showed that the majority of the direct FSM pathways were well-replicated among Latino caregivers of young children. Further analyses illuminated how some pathways were replicated among more but not among less-acculturated Latino parents. Implications for future FSM research with Latino families as well as for parent-focused interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah E Watamura
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado
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Tamí-Maury I, Aigner CJ, Rush S, Hong JH, Strom SS, Prokhorov AV, Gritz ER. The Association of Smoking with English and Spanish Language Use as a Proxy of Acculturation Among Mexican-Americans. J Immigr Minor Health 2018; 19:1156-1162. [PMID: 26914836 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-016-0368-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To better characterize the relation of acculturation, based on language use, to smoking status among Mexican-Americans, a large study sample from an ongoing cohort of Mexican-American households in Texas was stratified into current smokers and non-smokers. Four language-use groups were created based on Low/High use of Spanish and English, representing different degrees of acculturation. Participants who reported high English but low Spanish use had the highest smoking prevalence (20.1 %), followed by High English/High Spanish (13.6 %), Low English/High Spanish (8.7 %), and Low English/Low Spanish (6.4 %). Current smokers were more likely to be male, have lower than high school education, currently consume alcohol or had consumed alcohol but quit, and report low Spanish/high English use. Consistent with recent models of acculturation, individuals can differ both in their maintenance of the native language and adoption of a new language and both dimensions are important in predicting tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Tamí-Maury
- Department of Behavioral Science, Unit 1330, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Carrie J Aigner
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst St., Arcata, CA, 95521, USA
| | - Sarah Rush
- Department of Health Sciences, James Madison University, 801 Carrier Dr., Harrisonburg, VA, 22807, USA
| | - Judy H Hong
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 3695 Cullen Blvd., Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Sara S Strom
- Department of Epidemiology, Unit 1340, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alexander V Prokhorov
- Department of Behavioral Science, Unit 1330, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ellen R Gritz
- Department of Behavioral Science, Unit 1330, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Martin MJ, Bacher KB, Conger RD, Robins RW. Prospective Relationships Between Ethnic Discrimination and Substance Use by Mexican-American Adolescents. Child Dev 2018; 90:2019-2034. [PMID: 29851028 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Guided by the integrative model (García Coll et al., 1996), this study examines prospective associations between perceived ethnic discrimination by peers, parental support, and substance use from 7th to 11th grades (Mage = 12.3-16.3 years) in a community sample of 674 Mexican-American adolescents. Results from a cross-lagged panel model indicate that discrimination predicts relative increases in adolescent substance use. Results also revealed a transactional relation between substance use and supportive parenting over time. Supportive parenting was associated with reductions in substance use, but adolescent substance use also predicted lower levels of later parental support. The findings suggest reducing discrimination by peers and supportive parenting as potential targets for intervention in the prevention of substance use.
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Schofield TJ, Toro RI, Parke RD, Cookston JT, Fabricius WV, Coltrane S. Parenting and later substance use among Mexican-origin youth: Moderation by preference for a common language. Dev Psychol 2017; 53:778-786. [PMID: 28080082 PMCID: PMC5364051 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The primary goal of the current study was to test whether parent and adolescent preference for a common language moderates the association between parenting and rank-order change over time in offspring substance use. A sample of Mexican-origin 7th-grade adolescents (Mage = 12.5 years, N = 194, 52% female) was measured longitudinally on use of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana. Mothers, fathers, and adolescents all reported on consistent discipline and monitoring of adolescents. Both consistent discipline and monitoring predicted relative decreases in substance use into early adulthood but only among parent-offspring dyads who expressed preference for the same language (either English or Spanish). This moderation held after controlling for parent substance use, family structure, having completed schooling in Mexico, years lived in the United States, family income, and cultural values. An unintended consequence of the immigration process may be the loss of parenting effectiveness that is normally present when parents and adolescents prefer to communicate in a common language. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Schofield
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University
| | - Rosa I Toro
- Department of Psychology, Fresno State University
| | - Ross D Parke
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside
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Dévieux JG, Jean-Gilles M, Frankel A, Attonito J, Saxena A, Rosenberg R. Predictors of Sexual Activity in Haitian-American Adolescents. J Immigr Minor Health 2016; 18:161-72. [PMID: 25491443 PMCID: PMC4824621 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-014-0148-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the impact of individual, peer, family, school, and neighborhood level variables on sexual activity among 276 Haitian-American adolescents. Differences between those who were sexually active and those who were not were analyzed using Chi square and t tests. Significant factors at p ≤ 0.1 were entered into logistic regression for the full group and for girls-only. Half of males and 36.6 % of females were sexually active. The multivariable model revealed that adolescents were more likely to be sexually active if they reported delinquent behaviors; had sexually active friends; and were living with only one parent, friends or relatives. For girls, living with both parents was protective against sexual activity, while substance use and emotional distress were risk factors. No language or acculturation measures were associated with sexual activity. Haitian-American adolescents may benefit from interventions that focus on gender-specific, contextual and cultural factors to prevent early sexual activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy G Dévieux
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Florida International University, Biscayne Bay Campus, 3000 NE 151 Street-ACI #260, Miami, FL, 33181, USA.
| | - Michèle Jean-Gilles
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Florida International University, Biscayne Bay Campus, 3000 NE 151 Street-ACI #260, Miami, FL, 33181, USA.
| | - Anne Frankel
- Temple University, 1301 Cecil B. Moore Avenue Ritter Annex, 9th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
| | - Jennifer Attonito
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Florida International University, Biscayne Bay Campus, 3000 NE 151 Street-ACI #260, Miami, FL, 33181, USA.
| | - Anshul Saxena
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Florida International University, Biscayne Bay Campus, 3000 NE 151 Street-ACI #260, Miami, FL, 33181, USA.
| | - Rhonda Rosenberg
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Florida International University, Biscayne Bay Campus, 3000 NE 151 Street-ACI #260, Miami, FL, 33181, USA.
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Smoking Initiation Among Mexican Heritage Youth and the Roles of Family Cohesion and Conflict. J Adolesc Health 2015; 57:24-30. [PMID: 25911161 PMCID: PMC4605269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE High levels of family conflict increase the risk for early smoking initiation and smoking escalation among adolescents, whereas high levels of warmth and cohesion in the family are protective against smoking initiation. However, little is known about the associations between changes in family function during adolescence on subsequent smoking initiation among Mexican heritage adolescents. METHODS In 2005-2006, 1,328 Mexican heritage adolescents aged 11-14 years enrolled in a cohort study to examine nongenetic and genetic factors associated with cigarette experimentation. In 2008-2009, 1,154 participants completed a follow-up. Multivariate logistic regression models were computed to prospectively examine associations between smoking behavior assessed in 2008-2009 and changes in family cohesion and family conflict assessed in both 2005-2006 and 2008-2009, controlling for gender, age, and linguistic acculturation, positive outcome expectations associated with smoking, as well as friends and family smoking behavior. RESULTS Overall 21% had tried cigarettes by 2008-2009. Consistently low levels of family cohesion (odds ratio [OR] = 3.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38-6.73) and decreases in family cohesion (OR = 2.36; 95% CI, 1.37-4.07), as well as consistently high levels of family conflict (OR = 1.74; 95% CI, 1.08-2.79) and increases in conflict (OR = 1.87; 95% CI, 1.19-2.94) were independent risk factors for smoking initiation among Mexican heritage youth. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that family cohesion protects against adolescent smoking, whereas family conflict increases the risk for smoking. Therefore, intervention programs for adolescents and parents could focus on enhancing family bonding and closeness, which is protective against smoking initiation.
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Jensen MR, Wong JJ, Gonzales NA, Dumka LE, Millsap R, Coxe S. Long-term effects of a universal family intervention: mediation through parent-adolescent conflict. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2014; 43:415-27. [PMID: 24730357 PMCID: PMC4008685 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2014.891228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This randomized trial of a family-focused preventive intervention for Mexican American middle schoolers examined internalizing, externalizing, and substance use outcomes in late adolescence, 5 years after completing the intervention. Parent-adolescent conflict was tested as a mediator of these effects. The role of parent and adolescent acculturation in these pathways was also examined. There were 494 seventh-grade adolescents and their primary female caregivers randomized to receive either a 9-week multicomponent intervention or a brief workshop control group. Assessments were conducted at pretest, 2-year follow-up (9th grade), and 5-year follow-up (when most participants were in the 12th grade). The Bridges program significantly reduced mother-adolescent conflict measured in the 9th grade, with conflict mediating program effects on internalizing and externalizing symptoms, adolescent substance use, and diagnosed internalizing disorder in late adolescence. Mother and child acculturation were both significantly predictive of late adolescence outcomes. Contrary to hypotheses, neither mother nor child acculturation emerged as a significant predictor of mother-adolescent conflict, and the interaction of mother and adolescent acculturation was similarly not related to mother-adolescent conflict. Intervention effects were largely consistent across different levels of acculturation. These findings provide support for the efficacy of family-focused intervention during early adolescence, both in reducing mental health problems and substance use in the long term and in impacting parent-adolescent conflict processes that appear to play an important role in the development of later adjustment problems.
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Schwartz SJ, Des Rosiers S, Huang S, Zamboanga BL, Unger JB, Knight GP, Pantin H, Szapocznik J. Developmental trajectories of acculturation in Hispanic adolescents: associations with family functioning and adolescent risk behavior. Child Dev 2013; 84:1355-72. [PMID: 23848416 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study examined longitudinal acculturation patterns, and their associations with family functioning and adolescent risk behaviors, in Hispanic immigrant families. A sample of 266 Hispanic adolescents (Mage = 13.4) and their primary parents completed measures of acculturation, family functioning, and adolescent conduct problems, substance use, and sexual behavior at five timepoints. Mixture models yielded three trajectory classes apiece for adolescent and parent acculturation. Assimilated adolescents reported the poorest family functioning, but adolescent assimilation negatively predicted adolescent cigarette smoking, sexual activity, and unprotected sex indirectly through family functioning. Follow-up analyses indicated that discrepancies between adolescent and parent family functioning reports predicted these adolescent outcomes. Results are discussed regarding acculturation trajectories, adolescent risk behavior, and the mediating role of family functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth J Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Gonzalez-Blanks AG, Lopez SG, Garza RT. Collectivism in Smoking Prevention Programs for Hispanic Preadolescents: Raising the Ante on Cultural Sensitivity. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2012.724283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Jones CJ, Trickett EJ, Birman D. Determinants and consequences of child culture brokering in families from the former Soviet Union. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2012; 50:182-196. [PMID: 22246563 DOI: 10.1007/s10464-012-9488-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Child culture brokering occurs when immigrant children help their families navigate the new culture and language. The present study develops a model of the child culture broker role that situates it within the family and community economic and acculturative contexts of 328 families from the former Soviet Union. Path analysis was utilized to explore the relationships of community and family economic and cultural contexts with child culture brokering, child emotional distress, and family disagreements. All children reported some culture brokering for their parents. Less English proficient parents with lower status jobs, and living in areas with more Russian speaking families tended to utilize their children as brokers more often. Further, community economic conditions also predicted brokering indirectly, mediated by parent job social status. Brokering was related to child emotional distress and family disagreements. Further, culture brokering was a mediator of the impact of parent job social status on both child emotional distress and family disagreements. These results add to our understanding of the culture broker role and emphasize the utility of approaching research on it from an ecological perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis J Jones
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1025 W. Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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The importance of family factors to protect against substance use related problems among Mexican heritage and White youth. Drug Alcohol Depend 2012; 124:34-41. [PMID: 22222253 PMCID: PMC3337392 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examined the ability of family cohesion, parental control, and parent-child attachment to prevent adolescents with a history of drug or alcohol use from experiencing subsequent problems related to their use. METHODS Data came from Wave I and Wave II of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health and included Mexican heritage and White adolescents who reported alcohol use (n = 4894, 25% prevalence) or any other drug use (n = 2875, 14% prevalence) in their lifetime. RESULTS Logistic regression results indicate greater parent-child attachment predicted lower risk of experiencing drug use problems (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.77-0.98) while stronger family cohesion predicted lower odds of experiencing drug- (OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.70-0.97) or alcohol-related (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.65-0.84) problems. Parental control was also negatively associated with odds of problems related to drug use (OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.86-0.99) or alcohol use (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.90-0.99). Results also indicated family cohesion was the only protective factor for Mexican heritage youth while family cohesion and parent-child attachment were protective among White youth. Parental control protected White female adolescents from drug use problems more than males. Mexican heritage male adolescents experienced more protection from drug problems compared to females. CONCLUSION Findings highlight the need for prevention interventions to emphasize parent-child attachment for White youth and family cohesion for both Mexican-heritage and White youth to decrease adolescent substance users' drug- and alcohol-related problems.
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Cruz-Santiago M, Ramírez García JI. "Hay que ponerse en los zapatos del joven": adaptive parenting of adolescent children among Mexican-American parents residing in a dangerous neighborhood. FAMILY PROCESS 2011; 50:92-114. [PMID: 21361926 DOI: 10.1111/j.1545-5300.2010.01348.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We examined parenting of adolescents with Consensual Qualitative Research analyses of five 90-minute focus groups with 45 Mexican immigrant parents residing in a high-crime and low-income neighborhood. Parents identified gangs as their major challenge in parenting. Relatedly, they endorsed control-oriented practices to ensure the safety of their adolescents. In addition, parents used practices that aimed to build strong, trusting relationships with their adolescents. The co-occurrence of parenting strategies that promote strong parent-adolescent bonds along with strict monitoring highlights the need to conceptualize parenting with both controlling as well as supportive dimensions. Moreover, the parents' narratives pertaining to the dangers in their neighborhood suggest that interventions for Latino families should be not only consistent with their cultural heritage, but also grounded in the families' local neighborhood contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Cruz-Santiago
- Psychology Department, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 603 E. Daniel Street, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
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