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Ginat-Frolich R, Gilboa-Schechtman E, Huppert JD, Aderka IM, Alden LE, Bar-Haim Y, Becker ES, Bernstein A, Geva R, Heimberg RG, Hofmann SG, Kashdan TB, Koster EHW, Lipsitz J, Maner JK, Moscovitch DA, Philippot P, Rapee RM, Roelofs K, Rodebaugh TL, Schneier FR, Schultheiss OC, Shahar B, Stangier U, Stein MB, Stopa L, Taylor CT, Weeks JW, Wieser MJ. Vulnerabilities in social anxiety: Integrating intra- and interpersonal perspectives. Clin Psychol Rev 2024; 109:102415. [PMID: 38493675 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
What are the major vulnerabilities in people with social anxiety? What are the most promising directions for translational research pertaining to this condition? The present paper provides an integrative summary of basic and applied translational research on social anxiety, emphasizing vulnerability factors. It is divided into two subsections: intrapersonal and interpersonal. The intrapersonal section synthesizes research relating to (a) self-representations and self-referential processes; (b) emotions and their regulation; and (c) cognitive biases: attention, interpretation and judgment, and memory. The interpersonal section summarizes findings regarding the systems of (a) approach and avoidance, (b) affiliation and social rank, and their implications for interpersonal impairments. Our review suggests that the science of social anxiety and, more generally, psychopathology may be advanced by examining processes and their underlying content within broad psychological systems. Increased interaction between basic and applied researchers to diversify and elaborate different perspectives on social anxiety is necessary for progress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Idan M Aderka
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Lynn E Alden
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yair Bar-Haim
- School of Psychological Sciences and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Eni S Becker
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Amit Bernstein
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Ronny Geva
- Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Israel
| | - Richard G Heimberg
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Stefan G Hofmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, United States of America
| | - Todd B Kashdan
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ernst H W Koster
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | | | - Jon K Maner
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Florida, United States of America
| | - David A Moscovitch
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Mental Health Research & Treatment, University of Waterloo, Canada
| | - Pierre Philippot
- Department of Psychology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium
| | - Ronald M Rapee
- Centre for Emotional Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia
| | - Karin Roelofs
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Netherlands; Donders Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Thomas L Rodebaugh
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Franklin R Schneier
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Ben Shahar
- The Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ulrich Stangier
- Department of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Murray B Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, United States of America
| | - Lusia Stopa
- Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Charles T Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry and School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, United States of America
| | - Justin W Weeks
- Department of Psychology, Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Matthias J Wieser
- Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Chu YC, Wang HH, Chou FH, Hsu YF, Liao KL. Outcomes of trauma-informed care on the psychological health of women experiencing intimate partner violence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2024; 31:203-214. [PMID: 37697899 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Women are more likely to experience intimate partner violence (IPV) than men; 19.2%-69.0% of women have experienced IPV, and the percentage is increasing. Survivors of IPV suffer from physical, psychological, social and reproductive health problems and numerous adverse health consequences such as post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety. These are considered IPV comorbidities, especially among women. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: This study reviews and reinforces existing scientific knowledge regarding the application of trauma-informed care (TIC), including intervention content or type, frequency, duration of session and length. This study focused on the effects of TIC. Furthermore, it examines short-term (3 months) and medium-term (6 months) outcome effects, which are more significant for clinical practice. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Development of a standardized protocol to address specific needs for TIC in IPV care settings. Among multidisciplinary teams, nurses are the ideal professionals to support women experiencing IPV. They can understand their traumatic experiences better, improve their therapeutic relationships and engage patients in collaborative care. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety are considered intimate partner violence (IPV) comorbidities, especially among women. Trauma-informed care (TIC) is the most common element of IPV care. AIM This study analysed the short-term (3 months) and medium-term (6 months) outcomes of TIC on PTSD, depression and anxiety in women experiencing IPV. METHOD The Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines were followed, and databases were searched from their inception to September 2022. RESULTS Thirteen randomized controlled trials included 850 women randomly assigned to the TIC and usual care groups. Overall, TIC showed a superior psychological health-improving effect. Depression and anxiety significantly improved after treatment and at three and 6 months. No difference was observed in PTSD between the two groups at 3 and 6 months. DISCUSSION The growing evidence demonstrates that the lack of IPV intervention effects reported by reviews may be due to the attributes of PTSD, heterogeneity of TIC intervention design and components of TIC. Therefore, its clinical efficacy remains inconclusive. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE We analysed studies by stratifying intervention frequencies of once or twice a week. Regardless of the intervention frequency, length and design, PTSD decreased immediately after the TIC intervention. However, a significant difference in depression was observed after a TIC intervention of above 9 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chin Chu
- Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Hung Wang
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Hao Chou
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fen Hsu
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Lin Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Schacter HL, Ehrhardt AD, Hoffman AJ. Daily Fluctuations in Adolescents' Perceived Friend Dominance and Friendship Clout: Associations with Mood and the Moderating Role of Anxiety. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:537-549. [PMID: 38055132 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01906-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that whereas occupying high peer status promotes adolescents' well-being, feeling dominated by friends confers psychological costs. However, little is known about day-to-day power dynamics of adolescents' friendships or their acute affective consequences. This 14-day intensive longitudinal study introduced novel daily assessments of friend dominance and friendship clout, examined their associations with mood, and tested anxiety as a moderator. Participants were 195 11th-graders (Mage = 16.48, SDage = 0.35; 66% female). Multilevel models revealed that adolescents experienced worse mood on days they felt dominated by friends and better mood on days they felt powerful and influential among friends. Associations with negative mood were strongest for adolescents higher in anxiety. The findings underscore the dynamic nature of power in adolescents' friendships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adam J Hoffman
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Bahlinger K, Lincoln TM, Clamor A. Do deficits in subjective stress recovery predict subsequent stress sensitivity and symptoms in schizophrenia spectrum disorders? Schizophr Res 2024; 264:170-177. [PMID: 38150849 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
High levels of stress play a crucial role in the development of psychotic symptoms, such as paranoia, and may stem in part from recovery deficits after stress exposure. However, it remains unclear whether deficient recovery causes a build-up of heightened stress levels that increases stress sensitivity and symptoms when exposed to another stressor. To test this, we investigated the effect of subjective stress recovery on the response to a subsequent stressor and paranoia. We applied two consecutive runs of the same combined physical and cognitive stressor separated by a recovery phase of 60 min in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (n = 49). We repeatedly assessed self-reported stress, negative affect, heart rate, heart rate variability, salivary cortisol, and paranoia. Recovery of self-reported stress was defined as the geometric mean of the percentage changes of self-reported stress during recovery after the first stressor, and was regressed on the response to the second stressor controlling for self-reported stress during the first stressor. Lower subjective stress recovery predicted higher levels of self-reported stress, negative affect, and paranoia in response to the second stressor. The subjective stress recovery was not predictive of the physiological stress response (heart rate, heart rate variability, or salivary cortisol). Taken together, the findings indicate that recovery deficits could contribute to high levels of self-reported stress, negative affect, and paranoia in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and that the improvement of stress recovery could be a promising approach for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Bahlinger
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Human Movement Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Tania M Lincoln
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Human Movement Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annika Clamor
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Human Movement Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Germany
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Prieto-Fidalgo Á, Calvete E. The role of interpretation biases and safety behaviours in social anxiety: an intensive longitudinal study. Behav Cogn Psychother 2024; 52:49-64. [PMID: 37643997 DOI: 10.1017/s1352465823000358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interpretation bias and safety behaviours (Safe-B) have been proposed as factors perpetuating social anxiety (SA). However, longitudinal research on how they contribute to SA in everyday life is scarce. AIM The aim was to examine whether interpretation bias predicts daily Safe-B and SA. A mediated moderation was hypothesized, where the relationship between daily social stressors and Safe-B would be moderated by interpretation bias, and Safe-B, in turn, would mediate the association between stressors and SA levels. In addition, it was hypothesized that prior levels of SA would predict higher Safe-B use, especially in co-occurrence with stressors. METHOD An intensive longitudinal design was employed, with 138 vocational training students (51% men, mean age 20.15 years). They completed initial measures of SA and interpretation bias and 7-day diaries with measures of social stressors, Safe-B, and SA. They reported SA levels two months later. RESULTS Both stressors and interpretation bias in ambiguous situations predicted Safe-B, which in turn predicted daily SA levels. However, neither interpretation bias nor Safe-B predicted SA levels at the follow-up, and interpretation bias did not moderate the association between stressors and daily SA. In addition, the relationship between stressors and Safe-B was stronger in people with higher initial SA levels. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that Safe-B are a mechanism through which earlier SA levels and interpretation bias contribute to higher SA levels in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Prieto-Fidalgo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Esther Calvete
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
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Oren-Yagoda R, Paz N, Aderka IM. Pride in social anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord 2023; 99:102759. [PMID: 37639972 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined differences in the experience of pride between individuals with and without social anxiety disorder (SAD), and is the first to examine both the effects of context on pride and the temporal relationship between pride and anxiety in participants' daily lives. Eighty-eight participants took part in the study, half (n = 44) met diagnostic criteria for SAD and half (n = 44) did not. Both groups completed an experience sampling measurement (ESM) to assess the levels of pride and anxiety and the nature of interpersonal contexts in which these emotions were experienced every day for 21 consecutive days. Using multilevel linear modeling, our findings suggest that pride is diminished among individuals with SAD, that situations percieved as highly neagative and positive, or as highly meaningful and positive are associated with the highest levels of pride, and that the experience of pride is associated with subsequent reductions in anxiety among individuals with SAD. These findings point to the role of pride in the disorder and can be used to inform and enhance therapeutic interventions for SAD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadav Paz
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Idan M Aderka
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel.
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Henning MAS, Didriksen M, Ibler KS, Ostrowski SR, Erikstrup C, Nielsen K, Sækmose SG, Hansen TF, Ullum H, Thørner LW, Kaspersen KA, Mikkelsen S, Jemec GBE, Pedersen OB. The differentiating effect of COVID-19-associated stress on the morbidity of blood donors with symptoms of hidradenitis suppurativa, hyperhidrosis, or psoriasis. Qual Life Res 2023; 32:2925-2937. [PMID: 37270451 PMCID: PMC10239219 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-023-03448-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The burden of different skin diseases may vary leading individuals to have different sensitivity to stress. Therefore, we compared the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and stress before and during the universal stress from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2-pandemic in individuals with and without hyperhidrosis, hidradenitis suppurativa, or psoriasis. METHODS The study cohort was the Danish Blood Donor Study. Overall, 12,798 participants completed a baseline questionnaire before the pandemic, in 2018-2019, and a follow-up questionnaire during the pandemic, in 2020. Regression determined the association between the skin diseases and outcomes. Outcomes were the physical and mental component summary (MCS, PCS, respectively), which assess the mental and physical HRQoL, and the perceived stress scale, which assesses stress in the past four weeks. RESULTS Overall, 1168 (9.1%) participants had hyperhidrosis, 363 (2.8%) had hidradenitis suppurativa, and 402 (3.1%) had psoriasis. At follow-up, the participants with hyperhidrosis had worse MCS (coefficient -0.59 [95% confidence interval (CI) -1.05, -0.13]) and higher odds of moderate-to-severe stress (odds ratio 1.37 [95% CI 1.13, 1.65]) and the participants with hidradenitis suppurativa worse PCS (coefficient -0.74 [95% CI -1.21, -0.27]) than the control groups. The associations were independent of baseline HRQoL, stress, the Connor-Davidson Resilience scale, and other covariables. Psoriasis was not associated with the outcomes. CONCLUSION Individuals with hyperhidrosis or hidradenitis suppurativa experienced worse mental or physical well-being and individuals with hyperhidrosis also had higher stress during the pandemic compared to healthy individuals. This suggests that individuals with these skin diseases are particularly susceptible to external stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A S Henning
- Department of Dermatology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - M Didriksen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K S Ibler
- Department of Dermatology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - S R Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - K Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - S G Sækmose
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - T F Hansen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Ullum
- Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L W Thørner
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K A Kaspersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Big Data Centre for Environment and Health (BERTHA), Aarhus University, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - S Mikkelsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - G B E Jemec
- Department of Dermatology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - O B Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
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Beltzer ML, Daniel KE, Daros AR, Teachman BA. Examining social reinforcement learning in social anxiety. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2023; 80:101810. [PMID: 37247976 PMCID: PMC10227359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Reinforcement learning biases have been empirically linked to anhedonia in depression and theoretically linked to social anhedonia in social anxiety disorder, but little work has directly assessed how socially anxious individuals learn from social reward and punishment. METHODS N = 157 individuals high and low in social anxiety symptoms completed a social probabilistic selection task that involved selecting between pairs of neutral faces with varying probabilities of changing to a happy or angry face. Computational modeling was performed to estimate learning rates. Accuracy in choosing the more rewarding face was also analyzed. RESULTS No significant group differences were found for learning rates. Contrary to hypotheses, participants high in social anxiety showed impaired punishment learning accuracy; they were more accurate at choosing the most rewarding face than they were at avoiding the most punishing face, and their punishment learning accuracy was lower than that of participants low in social anxiety. Secondary analyses found that high (vs. low) social anxiety participants were less accurate at selecting the more rewarding face on more (vs. less) punishing face pairs. LIMITATIONS Stimuli were static, White, facial images, which lack important social cues (e.g., movement, sound) and diversity, and participants were largely non-Hispanic, White undergraduates, whose social reinforcement learning may differ from individuals at different developmental stages and those holding more marginalized identities. CONCLUSIONS Socially anxious individuals may be less accurate at learning to avoid social punishment, which may maintain negative beliefs through an interpersonal stress generation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda L Beltzer
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, USA; Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA.
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Wei X, Lü W. Childhood trauma and internalizing and externalizing behavior problems among adolescents: Role of executive function and life events stress. J Adolesc 2023; 95:740-750. [PMID: 36751143 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to childhood trauma is found to increase internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in adolescents, however, the potential mechanism of this link remains underexplored. This study investigated the associations between childhood trauma and internalizing and externalizing behavior problems among adolescents, and tested the mediating role of executive function and the moderating role of life events stress in this relationship. METHODS Questionnaire data were collected from 952 junior students in Northwest China. Participants ranged in age from 11 to 15 years old (M = 12.88 years, SD = 0.72; 53% females). SPSS 26.0 was used to analyze the relationship between variables and examine the mediation model and the moderated mediation model. RESULTS Childhood trauma was positively associated with internalizing and externalizing behavior problems among adolescents. In addition, executive function partially mediated the relations between childhood trauma and internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Life events stress was observed to moderate the relations between childhood trauma and executive function, as well as executive function and internalizing and externalizing behavior problems, but the effect sizes were relatively small. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the role of executive function and life events stress in the association between childhood trauma and behavioral problems among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Wei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Shaanxi Key Research Center for Children Mental and Behavior Health, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, USA
| | - Wei Lü
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Shaanxi Key Research Center for Children Mental and Behavior Health, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, USA
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Goodman FR, Birg JA, Daniel KE, Kashdan TB. Stress generation in social anxiety and depression: A two-study community assessment. J Affect Disord 2023; 329:285-292. [PMID: 36801422 PMCID: PMC10062494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress generation theory suggests that people engage in certain behaviors that causally generate "dependent" stressful life events. Stress generation has primarily been studied in the context of depression with limited consideration of anxiety. People with social anxiety exhibit maladaptive social and regulatory behaviors that may uniquely generate stress. METHOD Across two studies, we examined if people with elevated social anxiety experienced more dependent stressful life events than those lower in social anxiety. On an exploratory basis, we examined differences in perceived intensity, chronicity, and self-blame of stressful life events. As a conservative test, we examined whether observed relationships held after covarying depression symptoms. Community adults (Ns = 303; 87) completed semi-structured interviews about recent stressful life events. RESULTS Participants with higher social anxiety symptoms (Study 1) and social anxiety disorder (SAD; Study 2) reported more dependent stressful life events than those with lower social anxiety. In Study 2, healthy controls rated dependent events as less impactful than independent events; those with SAD rated dependent and independent events as equally impactful. Regardless of social anxiety symptoms, participants placed greater blame on themselves for the occurrence of dependent than independent events. LIMITATIONS Life events interviews are retrospective and preclude conclusions about short-term changes. Mechanisms of stress generation were not assessed. CONCLUSIONS Results provide initial evidence for the role of stress generation in social anxiety that may be distinct from depression. Implications for assessing and treating unique and shared features of affective disorders are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fallon R Goodman
- George Washington University, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, United States of America.
| | - Jessica A Birg
- University of South Florida, Department of Psychology, United States of America
| | - Katharine E Daniel
- University of Virginia, Department of Psychology, United States of America
| | - Todd B Kashdan
- George Mason University, Department of Psychology, United States of America
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Lin J, Su Y, Lv X, Liu Q, Wang G, Wei J, Zhu G, Chen Q, Tian H, Zhang K, Wang X, Zhang N, Yan H, Wang Y, Yu X, Si T. Childhood adversity, adulthood adversity and suicidal ideation in Chinese patients with major depressive disorder: in line with stress sensitization. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:887-896. [PMID: 34985583 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01375-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The stress sensitization model indicates that early adversity (e.g., childhood stress) sensitizes individuals to subsequent proximal stress (e.g., stressful life events in adult life), thereby increasing their vulnerability to psychiatric disorders. However, the effect of stress sensitization on suicidality in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) has not been previously investigated. Data for the present study were derived from the Objective Diagnostic Markers and Personalized Intervention in MDD Patients (ODMPIM) study. The psychiatric diagnosis and suicidal ideation were evaluated by the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.). We used a multiple logistic analysis to examine the association among childhood adversity (CA), adulthood adversity (AA) and suicidal ideation. Among 1084 MDD patients, 48.6% had suicidal ideation and 65.6% experienced life adversity during their childhood or adulthood. Patients who reported suicidal ideation were more likely to report CA (46.7% vs. 38.7%, P = 0.008) or AA (49.5% vs. 40.9%, P = 0.004) than patients without suicidal ideation. Patients who experienced two waves of adversity (both CA and AA) were associated with higher rates of suicidal ideation (odds ratio = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.19-2.37, P = 0.003); however, neither CA nor AA alone was associated with suicidal ideation. This study first verifies the hypothesis of stress sensitization on suicidal ideation in patients with MDD. Focusing on stress sensitization may enhance the early identification of MDD patients at suicidal risk and the ability to provide timely and appropriate intervention. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02023567.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Lin
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yunai Su
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Xiaozhen Lv
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Gang Zhu
- First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | | | | | - Kerang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xueyi Wang
- First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Yan
- 306Th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ying Wang
- 984Th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Tianmei Si
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, 100101, China.
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12
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Felton JW, Collado A, Cinader M, Key K, Lejuez CW, Yi R. The Role of Delay Discounting in the Generation of Stressful Life Events Across Adolescence. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2022; 50:1529-1541. [DOI: 10.1007/s10802-022-00950-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Social anxiety is associated with greater peripheral oxytocin reactivity to psychosocial stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 140:105712. [PMID: 35306471 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To date, it has been difficult to establish reliable biomarkers associated with specific forms of psychopathology. Social anxiety, for example, is associated with inconsistent biological responses to psychosocial stress on markers including cortisol and salivary alpha-amylase. Thus, it is critical that studies identify more reliable biomarkers that index patterns associated with social anxiety. Two potential candidates are the neuropeptides oxytocin and vasopressin, which have been implicated in stress responsivity across species. Studies have demonstrated a reliable increase in oxytocin, and a surrogate marker for vasopressin, following engagement in the most widely used lab-based psychosocial stress paradigm: the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). However, no study has examined whether social anxiety moderates peripheral oxytocin or vasopressin reactivity to psychosocial stress. In 101 young adult participants, dimensionally assessed social anxiety was associated with greater plasma oxytocin, but not vasopressin, reactivity to the TSST. Results were maintained following the inclusion of depression as a covariate. Findings suggest that studying changes in peripheral oxytocin concentrations may be a method of differentiating individuals with higher levels of social anxiety.
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14
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Saulnier KG, Saulnier SJ, Allan NP. Cognitive risk factors and the experience of acute anxiety following social stressors: An ecological momentary assessment study. J Anxiety Disord 2022; 88:102571. [PMID: 35487044 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To better understand how social anxiety develops, it is crucial to identify mechanisms that influence anxiety following social stressors. Anxiety sensitivity social concerns (ASSC; fear of publicly observable anxiety symptoms) and fear of negative evaluation (FNE; distress arising from concerns about negative judgment) are constructs that amplify anxiety following social stressors. However, it is unclear how ASSC and FNE influence acute anxiety following stressors in naturalistic settings. In the current study, the impact of ASSC and FNE on anxious arousal and anxious apprehension following stressors was examined in community adults (N = 83; M age = 29.66 years, SD = 12.49, 59.0% female) who completed questionnaires five times per day for two-weeks. Dynamic structural equation modeling was used to examine predictors of overall levels of anxiety as well as anxiety following social and nonsocial stressors. ASSC interacted with the presence of social stressors, such that ASSC positively predicted anxious arousal following social stressors. FNE interacted with the presence of nonsocial stressors to predict both forms of anxiety, such that FNE positively predicted anxiety following nonsocial stressors. These findings suggest ASSC may specifically amplify anxious arousal following social stressors, whereas FNE may broadly amplify anxiety following nonsocial stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shelby J Saulnier
- Department of Adolescent Medicine, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, USA
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15
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Mehra LM, Meyer A. The relationship between stressful life events and the error-related negativity in children and adolescents. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 55:101110. [PMID: 35453078 PMCID: PMC9048088 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The error-related negativity (ERN) has been cited as a neural marker that indexes risk for anxiety in children and across development. Environmental factors, such as punishment in the lab and parenting styles, have been shown to impact the ERN. However, little is known about how other environmental factors may shape this neural risk marker. The current study examines how the environmental factor of stressful life events may relate to the ERN in children and adolescents. In a sample of 176 females, ages 8–15 years, we examined associations between the frequency of recent stressful life events and the ERN. We also investigated whether interpersonal dependent life events or non-interpersonal life events uniquely relate to the ERN. Finally, we explored whether recent stressors differentially relate to the ERN based on age. Results suggest that youth who have experienced more frequent stressful life events have an increased (i.e., more negative) ERN. Moreover, more frequent interpersonal dependent stressors uniquely predicted the magnitude of the ERN. Lastly, results supported a moderation model wherein the relationship between the frequency of interpersonal dependent stressors and the ERN was moderated by age, such that the relationship between stressors and the ERN was significant only for younger children.
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16
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Saul MA, He X, Black S, Charles F. A Two-Person Neuroscience Approach for Social Anxiety: A Paradigm With Interbrain Synchrony and Neurofeedback. Front Psychol 2022; 12:568921. [PMID: 35095625 PMCID: PMC8796854 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.568921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Social anxiety disorder has been widely recognised as one of the most commonly diagnosed mental disorders. Individuals with social anxiety disorder experience difficulties during social interactions that are essential in the regular functioning of daily routines; perpetually motivating research into the aetiology, maintenance and treatment methods. Traditionally, social and clinical neuroscience studies incorporated protocols testing one participant at a time. However, it has been recently suggested that such protocols are unable to directly assess social interaction performance, which can be revealed by testing multiple individuals simultaneously. The principle of two-person neuroscience highlights the interpersonal aspect of social interactions that observes behaviour and brain activity from both (or all) constituents of the interaction, rather than analysing on an individual level or an individual observation of a social situation. Therefore, two-person neuroscience could be a promising direction for assessment and intervention of the social anxiety disorder. In this paper, we propose a novel paradigm which integrates two-person neuroscience in a neurofeedback protocol. Neurofeedback and interbrain synchrony, a branch of two-person neuroscience, are discussed in their own capacities for their relationship with social anxiety disorder and relevance to the paradigm. The newly proposed paradigm sets out to assess the social interaction performance using interbrain synchrony between interacting individuals, and to employ a multi-user neurofeedback protocol for intervention of the social anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia A. Saul
- Faculty of Media and Communication, Centre for Digital Entertainment, Bournemouth University, Poole, United Kingdom
| | - Xun He
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Xun He
| | - Stuart Black
- Applied Neuroscience Solutions Ltd., Frimley Green, United Kingdom
| | - Fred Charles
- Department of Creative Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, United Kingdom
- Fred Charles
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17
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The Medium is the Message: Effects of Mediums of Communication on Perceptions and Emotions in Social Anxiety Disorder. J Anxiety Disord 2021; 83:102458. [PMID: 34343785 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We examined the use of voice/text and visual mediums and their effects on perceptions and emotions in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Our sample included 88 individuals: 44 individuals with SAD and 44 non-socially-anxious (NSA) individuals. We used an experience sampling methodology (ESM) in which participants received daily links to online measures at random times during the day, for 21 days and reported on social interactions, emotions and perceptions. Results indicated that individuals with SAD used voice/text mediums to a greater extent and used visual mediums to a lesser extent compared to NSA individuals. However, despite preferring voice/text mediums, use of visual mediums resulted in immediate increases in positive perceptions and emotions for individuals with SAD. These findings were above and beyond the effect of depressive symptoms and remained when social anxiety was represented as a continuum of severity. This has important implications for exposure interventions in the treatment of SAD.
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18
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Oren-Yagoda R, Schwartz M, Aderka IM. The grass is always greener: Envy in social anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord 2021; 82:102445. [PMID: 34271331 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we examined envy in social anxiety disorder (SAD) and its potential role in maintaining the disorder. In addition, we examined social contexts and modes of communication that may serve as moderators of envy in SAD, and the temporal relationship between envy and anxiety in the disorder. Our sample included 88 individuals (44 with SAD and 44 without SAD) who underwent an experience sampling procedure in which participants received daily measures of emotions for 21 days. Using multilevel linear modeling we found that individuals with SAD experienced elevated envy compared to individuals without SAD and this was enhanced in social (compared to non-social) contexts. For individuals with SAD, visual modes of communication were associated with elevated envy compared to voice/text communication. Finally, envy predicted subsequent anxiety above and beyond previous anxiety and additional negative emotions. The role of envy in the psychopathology and maintenance of SAD, as well as clinical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maya Schwartz
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Idan M Aderka
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel.
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19
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Exploring the Engaged Worker over Time-A Week-Level Study of How Positive and Negative Work Events Affect Work Engagement. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18136699. [PMID: 34206310 PMCID: PMC8297064 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although work events can be regarded as pivotal elements of organizational life, only a few studies have examined how positive and negative events relate to and combine to affect work engagement over time. Theory suggests that, to better understand how current events affect work engagement (WE), we have to account for recent events that have preceded these current events. We present competing theoretical views on how recent and current work events may affect employees (e.g., getting used to a high frequency of negative events or becoming more sensitive to negative events). Although the occurrence of events implies discrete changes in the experience of work, prior research has not considered whether work events actually accumulate to sustained mid-term changes in WE. To address these gaps in the literature, we conducted a week-level longitudinal study across a period of 15 consecutive weeks among 135 employees, which yielded 849 weekly observations. While positive events were associated with higher levels of WE within the same week, negative events were not. Our results support neither satiation nor sensitization processes. However, a high frequency of negative events in the preceding week amplified the beneficial effects of positive events on WE in the current week. Growth curve analyses show that the benefits of positive events accumulate to sustain high levels of WE. WE dissipates in the absence of a continuous experience of positive events. Our study adds a temporal component by highlighting that positive events affect work engagement, particularly in light of recent negative events. Our study informs research that has taken a feature-oriented perspective on the dynamic interplay of job demands and resources.
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20
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Levels and Instability of Daily Self-Esteem in Adolescents: Relations to Depressive and Anxious Symptoms. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2021; 49:1083-1095. [PMID: 33675492 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-021-00802-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined whether individual differences in depressive and anxious symptoms relate to level of daily self-esteem and instability of daily self-esteem in adolescence. Participants were a racially and ethnically diverse sample of adolescents (79 girls, 65 boys; M age = 13.53 years). Adolescents reported on their depressive and anxious symptoms during a baseline home visit. Then, adolescents reported on their daily self-esteem over the course of 12 consecutive days. Using hierarchical linear modeling analyses, level of daily self-esteem was negatively associated with depressive but not anxious symptoms. In addition, a positive relation emerged between instability of daily self-esteem and depressive symptoms when controlling for level of self-esteem; a similar relation did not emerge for anxious symptoms. The differential findings that emerged between both level and instability of daily self-esteem and depressive versus anxious symptoms may be linked to differences in the temporal orientation of these two types of internalizing symptoms; specifically, depressive symptoms result from backward-looking rumination over previous experiences, whereas anxious symptoms emerge from forward-looking worry about future events (Wenze et al., 2012).
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21
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Sympathetic nervous system dominance during stress recovery mediates associations between stress sensitivity and social anxiety symptoms in female adolescents. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 32:1914-1925. [PMID: 33427188 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420001261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is commonly diagnosed during adolescence and is associated with psychological stress reactivity and heightened physiological arousal. No study, however, has systematically examined which aspects of autonomic nervous system function mediate likely links between stress sensitivity and social anxiety symptoms in adolescents. Here, we assessed 163 adolescents (90 females; 12.29 ± 1.39 years) with respect to life stress and social anxiety symptoms, and measured respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and skin conductance levels (SCL) during a psychosocial stress paradigm. We operationalized stress sensitivity as the residual variance in subjective stress severity after accounting for objective severity and changes in autonomic regulation using standardized change scores in RSA and SCL. In females only, stress sensitivity and social anxiety symptoms were significantly correlated with each other (p < .001) and with autonomic regulation during both reactivity and recovery (all ps < 0.04). Further, sympathetic nervous system dominance during recovery specifically mediated associations between stress sensitivity and social anxiety symptoms (B = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.02-2.64). In contrast, in males, stress sensitivity, autonomic regulation during reactivity or recovery, and social anxiety symptoms were not significantly associated (all ps > 0.1). We interpret these results in the context of psychobiological models of SAD and discuss implications for interventions targeting autonomic processes.
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22
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Davies PT, Thompson MJ, Martin MJ, Cummings EM. The Vestiges of Childhood Interparental Conflict: Adolescent Sensitization to Recent Interparental Conflict. Child Dev 2020; 92:1154-1172. [PMID: 32852052 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether childhood interparental conflict moderated the mediational pathway involving adolescent exposure to interparental conflict, their negative emotional reactivity to family conflict, and their psychological problems in a sample of 235 children (Mage = 6 years). Significant moderated-mediation findings indicated that the mediational path among Wave 4 interparental conflict during adolescence, change in youth negative reactivity (Waves 4-5), and their psychological problems (Waves 4-6) was significant for teens who experienced low, rather than high, levels of childhood interparental conflict (Waves 1-3). Supporting the stress sensitization model, analyses showed that adolescents exposed to high interparental conflict during childhood evidenced greater increases in negative reactivity than their peers when recent parental conflicts were mild.
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23
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Banica I, Sandre A, Shields GS, Slavich GM, Weinberg A. The error-related negativity (ERN) moderates the association between interpersonal stress and anxiety symptoms six months later. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 153:27-36. [PMID: 32277956 PMCID: PMC7335004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are often preceded by interpersonal stress; however, most individuals who experience stress do not develop anxiety, making it difficult to predict who is most susceptible to stress. One proposed trans-diagnostic neural risk marker for anxiety is the error-related negativity (ERN), a negative deflection in the event-related potential waveform occurring within 100 ms of error commission. The present study sought to investigate whether interpersonal stress experienced over the course of a year interacts with ERN magnitude to prospectively predict anxiety symptoms. A sample of 57 emerging adults performed an arrow flanker task to elicit the ERN at the start of the academic school year (time one). Toward the end of the academic year (time two), participants reported on past-year interpersonal stress and anxiety symptoms. Stress interacted with ERN magnitude to predict anxiety symptoms, whereby, for individuals with an enhanced ERN at time one, greater interpersonal stress over the course of a year was significantly associated with increased anxiety symptoms at time two, even controlling for anxiety symptoms at time one. These findings suggest that enhanced performance monitoring may render individuals more susceptible to the adverse effects of interpersonal stress, thereby increasing risk for heightened anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Banica
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Aislinn Sandre
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Grant S Shields
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - George M Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anna Weinberg
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1G1, Canada.
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24
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Ahmadabadi Z, Najman JM, Williams GM, Clavarino AM, d'Abbs P, Tran N. Intimate partner violence and subsequent depression and anxiety disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2020; 55:611-620. [PMID: 31912167 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-019-01828-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The current longitudinal study examines the temporal association between different types of intimate partner violence (IPV) at early adulthood (21 years) and subsequent depression and anxiety disorders in young adulthood (30 years). METHODS Participants were from the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy. A cohort of 1529 was available for analysis. IPV was measured using the Composite Abuse Scale at 21 years. At the 21 and 30-year follow-ups, major depression disorder and anxiety disorders were measured using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. RESULTS We found a temporal relationship between almost all forms of IPV at 21 years and females' new cases of major depression disorder at 30 years. This association was not found for females who had previously been diagnosed with depression disorder. IPV did not predict the onset of new anxiety disorders, but it had a robust association with anxiety disorders in females with a previous anxiety diagnosis. We observed no significant link between IPV and males' subsequent major depression disorder. Interestingly, the experience of emotional abuse was a robust predictor of new cases of anxiety disorders but only for males. CONCLUSION Our results suggest the need for sex-specific and integrated interventions addressing both IPV and mental health problems simultaneously. IPV interventions should be informed by the extend to which pre-existing anxiety and depression may lead to different psychological responses to the IPV experience. Increased risk of anxiety disorders predicted by emotional abuse experienced by males challenges beliefs about invulnerability of men in the abusive relationships and demands further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Ahmadabadi
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia.
| | - Jackob M Najman
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia.,School of Social Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Gail M Williams
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Alexandra M Clavarino
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Peter d'Abbs
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia.,Menzies School of Health Research, Spring Hill, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Nam Tran
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD, 4068, Australia
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25
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Obeid S, Fares K, Haddad C, Lahoud N, Akel M, Zakhour M, Kheir N, Salameh P, Hallit S. Construction and validation of the Lebanese fear of relationship commitment scale among a representative sample of the Lebanese population. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2020; 56:280-289. [PMID: 31353477 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the generation and validation of the Lebanese fear of relationship commitment scale (LFRC) and factors associated with FRC in a representative sample of the Lebanese population. DESIGN AND METHODS This cross-sectional study, conducted between January and May 2018, enrolled 568 single community dwelling participants. RESULTS The scale items converged over a solution of four factors, explaining 50.46% of the variance (Cronbach's α = 0.789). Higher social phobia (β = 0.073) and higher general trust score (β = 0.393) were associated with higher FRC, whereas higher self-esteem (β = -0.275) was associated with lower FRC. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The LFRC-17 is a valid and reliable measure of fear of relationship commitment and a highly efficient tool both for research and clinical practice. It gathers social, physical, and psychological aspects related to gamophobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Obeid
- Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.,Faculty of Philosophy and Human Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.,Faculty of Pedagogy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,NSPECT-LB: Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Kassandra Fares
- Faculty of Science, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - Nathalie Lahoud
- NSPECT-LB: Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon.,School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- NSPECT-LB: Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon.,School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maha Zakhour
- Faculty of Science, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Nelly Kheir
- Faculty of Pedagogy, Université de la Sainte Famille, Batroun, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- NSPECT-LB: Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- NSPECT-LB: Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
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26
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Mlawer F, Hubbard JA, Bookhout MK, Moore CC, Docimo MA, Swift LE, Grassetti SN. Bidirectional relations between internalizing symptoms and peer victimization in late childhood. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Mlawer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences University of Delaware Newark DE USA
| | - Julie A. Hubbard
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences University of Delaware Newark DE USA
| | - Megan K. Bookhout
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences Temple University Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Christina C. Moore
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences University of Delaware Newark DE USA
| | - Marissa A. Docimo
- Clinical Practices of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA
| | | | - Stevie N. Grassetti
- Department of Psychology West Chester University of Pennsylvania West Chester PA USA
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27
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Siegel DM, Burke TA, Hamilton JL, Piccirillo ML, Scharff A, Alloy LB. Social anxiety and interpersonal stress generation: the moderating role of interpersonal distress. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2018; 31:526-538. [PMID: 29855206 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2018.1482723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Existing models of social anxiety scarcely account for interpersonal stress generation. These models also seldom include interpersonal factors that compound the effects of social anxiety. Given recent findings that two forms of interpersonal distress, perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness, intensify social anxiety and cause interpersonal stress generation, these two constructs may be especially relevant to examining social anxiety and interpersonal stress generation together. DESIGN The current study extended prior research by examining the role of social anxiety in the occurrence of negative and positive interpersonal events and evaluated whether interpersonal distress moderated these associations. METHODS Undergraduate students (N = 243; M = 20.46 years; 83% female) completed self-report measures of social anxiety, perceived burdensomeness, and thwarted belongingness, as well as a self-report measure and clinician-rated interview assessing negative and positive interpersonal events that occurred over the past six weeks. RESULTS Higher levels of social anxiety were associated only with a higher occurrence of negative interpersonal dependent events, after controlling for depressive symptoms. This relationship was stronger among individuals who also reported higher levels of perceived burdensomeness, but not thwarted belongingness. CONCLUSIONS It may be important to more strongly consider interpersonal stress generation in models of social anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Siegel
- a Department of Psychology , Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Taylor A Burke
- a Department of Psychology , Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Jessica L Hamilton
- a Department of Psychology , Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | | | - Adela Scharff
- a Department of Psychology , Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Lauren B Alloy
- a Department of Psychology , Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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28
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Attachment and psychopathology: a dynamic model of the insecure cycle. Curr Opin Psychol 2018; 25:76-80. [PMID: 29614483 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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29
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Meyer AE, Curry JF. Pathways from anxiety to stressful events: An expansion of the stress generation hypothesis. Clin Psychol Rev 2017; 57:93-116. [PMID: 28865244 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John F Curry
- Duke University, United States; Duke University Medical Center, United States
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30
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Yun JY, Kim JC, Ku J, Shin JE, Kim JJ, Choi SH. The left middle temporal gyrus in the middle of an impaired social-affective communication network in social anxiety disorder. J Affect Disord 2017; 214:53-59. [PMID: 28266321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies on patients diagnosed with social anxiety disorder (SAD) reported changed patterns of the resting-state functional connectivity network (rs-FCN) between the prefrontal cortices and other prefrontal, amygdalar or striatal regions. Using a graph theory approach, this study explored the modularity-based community profile and patterns of inter-/intra-modular communication for the rs-FCN in SAD. METHODS In total, for 28 SAD patients and 27 healthy controls (HC), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were acquired in resting-state and subjected to a graph theory analysis. RESULTS The within-module degree z-score for a hub region [out of a total of 10 hub regions ranked using the participation coefficient] named left middle temporal gyrus was impaired in SAD compared to HC, proportional to the severity of clinician-scored and patient-reported functional impairment in SAD. LIMITATIONS Most of participants included in this study were undergraduate students in their early-to-mid 20's. CONCLUSIONS This study showed the importance of functional communication from the left middle temporal gyrus with other opercular-insular-subcortical regions for better objective functioning and lesser subjective disability in SAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Yeon Yun
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Chang Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Ku
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hee Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Shackman AJ, Tromp DPM, Stockbridge MD, Kaplan CM, Tillman RM, Fox AS. Dispositional negativity: An integrative psychological and neurobiological perspective. Psychol Bull 2016; 142:1275-1314. [PMID: 27732016 PMCID: PMC5118170 DOI: 10.1037/bul0000073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dispositional negativity-the propensity to experience and express more frequent, intense, or enduring negative affect-is a fundamental dimension of childhood temperament and adult personality. Elevated levels of dispositional negativity can have profound consequences for health, wealth, and happiness, drawing the attention of clinicians, researchers, and policymakers. Here, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the psychological and neurobiological processes linking stable individual differences in dispositional negativity to momentary emotional states. Self-report data suggest that 3 key pathways-increased stressor reactivity, tonic increases in negative affect, and increased stressor exposure-explain most of the heightened negative affect that characterizes individuals with a more negative disposition. Of these 3 pathways, tonically elevated, indiscriminate negative affect appears to be most central to daily life and most relevant to the development of psychopathology. New behavioral and biological data provide insights into the neural systems underlying these 3 pathways and motivate the hypothesis that seemingly "tonic" increases in negative affect may actually reflect increased reactivity to stressors that are remote, uncertain, or diffuse. Research focused on humans, monkeys, and rodents suggests that this indiscriminate negative affect reflects trait-like variation in the activity and connectivity of several key brain regions, including the central extended amygdala and parts of the prefrontal cortex. Collectively, these observations provide an integrative psychobiological framework for understanding the dynamic cascade of processes that bind emotional traits to emotional states and, ultimately, to emotional disorders and other kinds of adverse outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Shackman
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
- Maryland Neuroimaging Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Do P. M. Tromp
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Melissa D. Stockbridge
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Claire M. Kaplan
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Rachael M. Tillman
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Andrew S. Fox
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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