1
|
Koppel PD, De Gagne JC, Docherty S, Smith SK, Prose NS, Thompson JA, Otero MC. Feasibility and acceptability of measuring positivity resonance in nurse-patient telehealth videoconferencing visits: A mixed-methods observational study. J Clin Nurs 2024; 33:2578-2592. [PMID: 38716789 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.17174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the feasibility and acceptability of the training process, procedures, measures and recruitment strategies necessary for a future investigation to test the reliability and validity of using positivity resonance measures in health care encounters. BACKGROUND Although the measurement of positivity resonance is promising, and non-participant observation is considered effective, their approaches to studying nurse-patient relationships have not been fully explored. DESIGN A mixed-methods observational study. METHODS Video recordings of 30 nurse-patient dyads completing telehealth video visit encounters were edited and coded using behavioural indicators of positivity resonance. A post-visit survey gathered data on the participants' perceptions of positivity resonance and the study procedures. The research team completed memos and procedural logs to provide narrative data on the study's training, coding, recruitment and operational procedures. The study included 33 persons with cancer and 13 oncology nurses engaging in telehealth video visit encounters at an academic oncology ambulatory care center located in the southeastern United States. RESULTS Study procedures were found to be feasible and acceptable to participants. An adequate sample of participants (N = 46) were enrolled and retained in the study. Interrater reliability, as evidenced by Cohen's weighted kappa, ranged from .575 to .752 and interclass correlation coefficients >.8 were attainable within a reasonable amount of time and with adequate training. Behavioural indicators of positivity resonance were observed in all telehealth visits and reported by the participants in the perceived positivity resonance survey. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist guided reporting. CONCLUSIONS Designing research around the concept of positivity resonance is an innovative and feasible approach to exploring how rapport is cultivated within nurse-patient relationships. RELEVANCE TO PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE Measuring positivity resonance may hold promise for exploring patient and nurse outcomes including trust, responsiveness, health-related behaviours, well-being, resilience and satisfaction. REPORTING METHOD The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist guided the reporting of results to ensure that adequate details of the study were provided to ensure an accurate and complete report. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Planning of the research design and study procedures was done in consultation with nurse clinicians with experience with telehealth and managers responsible within the practice setting where the study was conducted. This ensured the study procedures were ethical, safe, secure and did not create unnecessary burden to the study participants. The study included collecting data from nurse and patient participants about the acceptability of the study procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula D Koppel
- School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Sophia K Smith
- School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Health, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Neil S Prose
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Marcela C Otero
- Munich Research Institute on the Economics of Aging, Munich, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Social Law and Social Policy, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bartle-Haring S, Whiting R. Perceived overlap and therapy outcomes among couple clients. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2024. [PMID: 38886896 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
This article explores couples' perceptions and expectations of closeness in a clinical setting, and how relationship perceptions and expectations are associated with treatment outcomes. Bowen's theory of differentiation suggests that healthy relationships require a balance of autonomy and connection. However, some research suggests that contemporary societal expectations are pushing couples to expect greater degrees of closeness and less autonomy. Utilizing a clinical sample of 185 couples from an on-campus Couple and Family Therapy training clinic, this article explores couples' perceptions and expectations of relationship closeness utilizing graphics of overlapping circles. Latent profile analysis was conducted to identify three different profile groups based on perceptions and expectations. Wald tests for significant mean differences among the profiles were performed. Results identified significant differences between the three groups for satisfaction and separateness and connectedness variables, number of sessions and termination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Bartle-Haring
- Department of Human Sciences, Couple and Family Therapy Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Riley Whiting
- Department of Human Sciences, Couple and Family Therapy Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Koppel PD, Park HYK, Ledbetter LS, Wang EJ, Rink LC, De Gagne JC. Rapport between nurses and adult patients with cancer in ambulatory oncology care settings: A scoping review. Int J Nurs Stud 2024; 149:104611. [PMID: 37879272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the importance of the nurse-patient relationship in oncology is established, a consolidated body of research describing nurse-patient rapport, especially in ambulatory care, is lacking. OBJECTIVES This scoping review aimed to explore knowledge about rapport between adult patients with cancer and their nurses in ambulatory oncology care, including nurse, patient, nurse-patient dyad, and system-level factors that influence rapport. METHODS A scoping review was conducted to explore sources of evidence and gaps in knowledge pertinent to future research. The Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for Systematic Reviews was used with searches in MEDLINE, CINAHL, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global databases. Experimental, descriptive observational, and qualitative study designs that focused on patients with cancer and their nurses within an ambulatory care setting were included. Results were reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews. RESULTS The search strategy collected 4538 studies of which 10 met study criteria after screening. Forward and backward citation tracking of included articles resulted in 4 additional studies. In total, 14 studies were extracted and analyzed. Synthesis of results from the individual sources resulted in three key observations: (a) there is an absence of studies that focus directly on nurse-patient rapport; (b) the majority of extracted data on rapport-related factors described aspects of nurses' attitudes; and (c) there was minimal information on patient, nurse-patient dyad, and system-level factors reported in these studies. CONCLUSIONS The lack of studies focused specifically on nurse-patient rapport in oncology ambulatory care indicates a notable gap in our empirical understanding of relationship-based care, a hallmark of cancer care provision. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Nurse-patient rapport in oncology ambulatory care requires additional research @paula_koppel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emily J Wang
- School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Haase CM. Emotion Regulation in Couples Across Adulthood. ANNUAL REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 5:399-421. [PMID: 38939362 PMCID: PMC11210602 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-devpsych-120621-043836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Intimate relationships are hotbeds of emotion. This article presents key findings and current directions in research on couples' emotion regulation across adulthood as a critical context in which older adults not only maintain functioning but may also outshine younger adults. First, I introduce key concepts, defining qualities (i.e., dynamic, coregulatory, bidirectional, bivalent), and measures (i.e., self-report versus performance-based) of couples' emotion regulation. Second, I highlight a socioemotional turn in our understanding of adult development with the advent of socioemotional selectivity theory. Third, I offer a life-span developmental perspective on emotion regulation in couples (i.e., across infancy, adolescence and young adulthood, midlife, and late life). Finally, I present the idea that emotion regulation may shift from "me to us" across adulthood and discuss how emotion regulation in couples may become more important, better, and increasingly consequential (e.g., for relationship outcomes, well-being, and health) with age. Ideas for future research are then discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Haase
- School of Education and Social Policy and (by courtesy) Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dehnavi TG, Yousefi Z, Farhadi H. The effectiveness of imago therapy on marital satisfaction and emotional experience towards the spouse among the men with marital conflicts. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2023; 12:418. [PMID: 38333153 PMCID: PMC10852182 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_520_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marital satisfaction and positive emotional experience towards one's spouse has always been effective in preserving and surviving the family, therefore one of the concerns of family specialists is to improve these two structures in the family. This research was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of imago therapy on marital satisfaction and emotional experience towards spouse among married men with conflict in Isfahan city. MATERIALS AND METHODS The research was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with experimental and control groups. The statistical population was all married and conflicted men of Isfahan city in the year 1400, from whom a sample of 40 people was selected as available and non-randomly placed in an experimental group and a control group. The measurement tools were Inridge marital satisfaction scale with Cronbach's alpha above 0.80 and emotional experience towards spouse with Cronbach's alpha above 0.92 for each subscale). Both research groups were evaluated by research tools before and after training. While the control group was on the waiting list, the experimental group received Imago therapy. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (multivariate covariance analysis). RESULTS The results showed that imago therapy had a significant effect on the improvement of marital satisfaction and the dimensions of emotional experience towards the spouse (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION According to the present results, it can be said that this method can help family counselors to use this method to improve marital satisfaction and emotional experience towards the spouse and thereby reduce marital conflicts. He used this integrated method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tayebe Ghasemi Dehnavi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Yousefi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hadi Farhadi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhou J, Fredrickson BL. Listen to resonate: Better listening as a gateway to interpersonal positivity resonance through enhanced sensory connection and perceived safety. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 53:101669. [PMID: 37619451 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Although often experienced individually, emotions are at times co-experienced with others, collectively. One type of collective emotion, termed positivity resonance, refers to coexperienced positive affect accompanied by caring non-verbal behavioral synchrony and biological synchrony across persons. Growing evidence illustrates the contributions of positivity resonance to individual, relational, and community well-being. Two conditions theorized as conducive for the emergence of positivity resonance are real-time sensory connection and perceived safety. Here, we explore listening as an interpersonal process that can serve to enhance real-time sensory connection and perceived safety and thereby increase positivity resonance among conversation partners. Specifically, we present evidence that connects listening to direct gaze (i.e., real-time sensory connection) and psychological safety (i.e., perceived safety). We close by offering a framework to guide future research that can test whether and how conversational listening functions to create more moments of positivity resonance in interpersonal contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieni Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Barbara L Fredrickson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sasaki E, Overall NC. Constructive conflict resolution requires tailored responsiveness to specific needs. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 52:101638. [PMID: 37423040 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Conflict affords an opportunity for relationship partners to demonstrate that they can be responsive to each other's needs. Understanding what constitutes responsiveness during conflict requires taking a dyadic perspective to identify how partners can tailor responses to address actors' specific needs. The present article reviews recent evidence showing that perceived responsiveness emerges from dyadic patterns involving how both partners and actors behave, and that partners' responsiveness during conflict involves different kinds of behaviors depending on actors' behavior and needs. These dyadic patterns emphasize that building tailored responsiveness to promote conflict resolution requires couples being able and willing to identify, communicate, and respond to each other's specific needs.
Collapse
|
8
|
Raymond M, Poulin F. Satisfaction, Intimacy and Conflict in Canadian Couples: An Analysis of Change from Adolescence to Adulthood. EMERGING ADULTHOOD (PRINT) 2023; 11:959-971. [PMID: 37456136 PMCID: PMC10345994 DOI: 10.1177/21676968231160580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Romantic relationship qualities are likely to change from adolescence to adulthood. Therefore, we undertook a longitudinal study to examine changes in satisfaction, intimacy, and conflict over this period by simultaneously testing the effects of age, relationship length, and their interaction. These qualities were measured at nine-time points from ages 16 to 30 in a Canadian sample of 337 participants (62.9% women) who reported being in a romantic relationship at least once over this period. The results of multilevel analyses show that satisfaction, intimacy, and conflict decline with age but increase with relationship length. Moreover, age and relationship length were found to have a significant interactive effect on satisfaction and intimacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maude Raymond
- Université Du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Prinzing M, Le Nguyen K, Fredrickson BL. Does shared positivity make life more meaningful? Perceived positivity resonance is uniquely associated with perceived meaning in life. J Pers Soc Psychol 2023; 125:345-366. [PMID: 36780274 PMCID: PMC10329988 DOI: 10.1037/pspi0000418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Pleasantness and meaningfulness are sometimes seen as opposing pursuits. Yet past research has found that the pursuit of meaning often leads to pleasure. In four longitudinal studies-three observational, one experimental, ranging from 5 weeks to 18 months-we investigated an inverse process, whereby specific kinds of pleasant states can foster a sense of meaning in life. We hypothesized that perceptions of positivity resonance, a form of coexperienced positive affect characterized by mutual care and synchrony, are experienced as particularly meaningful in the moment and, over time, build social resources (e.g., supportive relationships and communities) that foster an enduring sense of meaning in life. Results indicate that perceived positivity resonance is associated with perceived meaning both between- and within-persons, links that emerge independently of overall pleasant emotion and social interaction quantity. Perceived social resources mediate between-persons links, and changes in perceived social resources mediate longitudinal links. Overall, these findings suggest that coexperienced, caring, and synchronous pleasant states may be uniquely suited to cultivating a person's sense that life is meaningful. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Prinzing
- Department of Philosophy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Flanagan JC, Leone RM, Melkonian AJ, Jarnecke AM, Hogan JN, Massa AA. Effects of alcohol problem discrepancy on relationship adjustment: The moderating role of conflict negotiation among couples with alcohol use disorder and intimate partner violence. FAMILY PROCESS 2023. [PMID: 37148131 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has well-known negative effects on romantic relationship functioning, including the occurrence of intimate partner violence (IPV). A separate literature focused on community couples indicates that relationship functioning is more likely to suffer when partners report greater discrepancies in alcohol consumption. It is important to expand this literature to couples with AUD and to examine the role of impactful AUD domains in dyadic functioning. Furthermore, few studies have examined adaptive, treatment-malleable factors that could potentially offset the negative impact of alcohol discrepancies on relationship functioning. This study examined the association between couples' alcohol problem discrepancies and relationship adjustment, as well as the moderating effect of self-reported adaptive conflict negotiation behaviors. Participants were 100 couples (N = 200 individual participants) with intimate partner violence wherein at least one partner met diagnostic criteria for AUD. Actor-Partner Interdependence Models indicated that greater alcohol problem discrepancy was associated with lower dyadic adjustment. Moderation analyses revealed that the highest level of relationship adjustment was observed among couples with lower alcohol problem discrepancy and greater negotiation behaviors, while relationship adjustment was similar for couples with larger alcohol problem discrepancy, regardless of negotiation behaviors. Although further study is needed to clarify under what specific conditions adaptive negotiation behaviors are most helpful, they appear to be beneficial for some couples in this sample. We found no evidence that negotiation behaviors may be harmful among these high-risk couples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julianne C Flanagan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ruschelle M Leone
- Department of Health Policy & Behavioral Sciences and Mark Chaffin Center for Healthy Development, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alexander J Melkonian
- Department of Family Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Amber M Jarnecke
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jasara N Hogan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Andrea A Massa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wells JL, Haase CM, Rothwell ES, Naugle KG, Otero MC, Brown CL, Lai J, Chen KH, Connelly DE, Grimm KJ, Levenson RW, Fredrickson BL. Positivity resonance in long-term married couples: Multimodal characteristics and consequences for health and longevity. J Pers Soc Psychol 2022; 123:983-1003. [PMID: 35099204 PMCID: PMC9339047 DOI: 10.1037/pspi0000385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Positivity Resonance Theory of coexperienced positive affect describes moments of interpersonal connection characterized by shared positive affect, caring nonverbal synchrony, and biological synchrony. The construct validity of positivity resonance and its longitudinal associations with health have not been tested. The current longitudinal study examined whether positivity resonance in conflict interactions between 154 married couples predicts health trajectories over 13 years and longevity over 30 years. We used couples' continuous ratings of affect during the interactions to capture coexperienced positive affect and continuous physiological responses to capture biological synchrony between spouses. Video recordings were behaviorally coded for coexpressed positive affect, synchronous nonverbal affiliation cues (SNAC), and behavioral indicators of positivity resonance (BIPR). To evaluate construct validity, we conducted a confirmatory factor analysis to test a latent factor of positivity resonance encompassing coexperienced positive affect, coexpressed positive affect, physiological linkage of interbeat heart intervals, SNAC, and BIPR. The model showed excellent fit. To evaluate associations with health and longevity, we used dyadic latent growth curve modeling and Cox proportional hazards modeling, respectively, and found that greater latent positivity resonance predicted less steep declines in health and increased longevity. Associations were robust when accounting for initial health symptoms, sociodemographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, and individually experienced positive affect. We repeated health and longevity analyses, replacing latent positivity resonance with BIPR, and found consistent results. Findings validate positivity resonance as a multimodal construct, support the utility of the BIPR measure, and provide initial evidence for the characterization of positivity resonance as a positive health behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L. Wells
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Claudia M. Haase
- School of Education and Social Policy and (by courtesy) Department of Psychology, Northwestern University
| | - Emily S. Rothwell
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
| | | | - Marcela C. Otero
- Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Centers, VA Palo Alto Healthcare System
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University
| | - Casey L. Brown
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Jocelyn Lai
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine
| | - Kuan-Hua Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
- Institute of Personality and Social Research, University of California, Berkeley
| | | | | | - Robert W. Levenson
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
- Institute of Personality and Social Research, University of California, Berkeley
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Brown CL, Chen KH, Wells JL, Otero MC, Connelly DE, Levenson RW, Fredrickson BL. Shared emotions in shared lives: Moments of co-experienced affect, more than individually experienced affect, linked to relationship quality. Emotion 2022; 22:1387-1393. [PMID: 33630622 PMCID: PMC9183170 DOI: 10.1037/emo0000939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Motivated by collective emotions theories that propose emotions shared between individuals predict group-level qualities, we hypothesized that co-experienced affect during interactions is associated with relationship quality, above and beyond the effects of individually experienced affect. Consistent with positivity resonance theory, we also hypothesized that co-experienced positive affect would have a stronger association with relationship quality than would co-experienced negative affect. We tested these hypotheses in 150 married couples across 3 conversational interactions: a conflict, a neutral topic, and a pleasant topic. Spouses continuously rated their individual affective experience during each conversation while watching video-recordings of their interactions. These individual affect ratings were used to determine, for positive and negative affect separately, the number of seconds of co-experienced affect and individually experienced affect during each conversation. In line with hypotheses, results from all 3 conversational topics suggest that more co-experienced positive affect is associated with greater marital quality, whereas more co-experienced negative affect is associated with worse marital quality. Individual level affect factors added little explanatory value beyond co-experienced affect. Comparing co-experienced positive affect and co-experienced negative affect, we found that co-experienced positive affect generally outperformed co-experienced negative affect, although co-experienced negative affect was especially diagnostic during the pleasant conversational topic. Findings suggest that co-experienced positive affect may be an integral component of high-quality relationships and highlight the power of co-experienced affect for individual perceptions of relationship quality. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Casey L. Brown
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Kuan-Hua Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Jenna L. Wells
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Marcela C. Otero
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lyubomirsky S. Toward a New Science of Psychedelic Social Psychology: The Effects of MDMA (Ecstasy) on Social Connection. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2022; 17:1234-1257. [PMID: 35536567 DOI: 10.1177/17456916211055369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Psychedelic science has generated hundreds of compelling published studies yet with relatively little impact on mainstream psychology. I propose that social psychologists have much to gain by incorporating psychoactive substances into their research programs. Here I use (±)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) as an example because of its documented ability in experiments and clinical trials to promote bonding, love, and warmth. Social connection is a fundamental human need, yet researchers still possess few tools to effectively and durably boost it. MDMA allows investigators to isolate the psychological mechanisms-as well as brain pathways-underlying felt social connection and thus reveal what should be targeted in future (nondrug) studies. Accordingly, I introduce a conceptual model that presents the proximal psychological mechanisms stimulated by MDMA (lowered fear, increased sociability, more chemistry), as well as its potential long-term impacts (improved relationships, reduced loneliness, stronger therapeutic alliances). Finally, I discuss further questions (e.g., whether using MDMA for enhancing connection can backfire) and promising research areas for building a new science of psychedelic social psychology. In sum, psychopharmacological methods can be a useful approach to illuminate commonly studied social-psychological processes, such as connectedness, prejudice, or self, as well as inform interventions to directly improve people's lives.
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen KH, Brown CL, Wells JL, Rothwell ES, Otero M, Levenson RW, Fredrickson BL. Physiological linkage during shared positive and shared negative emotion. J Pers Soc Psychol 2021; 121:1029-1056. [PMID: 32897091 PMCID: PMC8261768 DOI: 10.1037/pspi0000337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Physiological linkage refers to the degree to which peoples' physiological responses change in coordinated ways. Here, we examine whether and how physiological linkage relates to incidents of shared emotion, distinguished by valence. Past research has used an "overall average" approach and characterized how physiological linkage over relatively long time periods (e.g., 10-15 min) reflects psychological and social processes (e.g., marital satisfaction, empathy). Here, we used a "momentary" approach and characterized whether physiological linkage over relatively short time periods (i.e., 15 s) reflects shared positive emotion, shared negative emotion, or both, and whether linkage during shared emotions relates to relational functioning. Married couples (156 dyads) had a 15-min conflict conversation in the laboratory. Using behavioral coding, each second of conversation was classified into 1 of 4 emotion categories: shared positive emotion, shared negative emotion, shared neutral emotion, or unshared emotion. Using a composite of 3 peripheral physiological measures (i.e., heart rate, skin conductance, finger pulse amplitude), we computed momentary in-phase and antiphase linkage to represent coordinated changes in the same or opposite direction, respectively. We found that shared positive emotion was associated with higher in-phase and lower antiphase linkage, relative to the other 3 emotion categories. Greater in-phase physiological linkage during shared positive emotion was also consistently associated with higher-quality interactions and relationships, both concurrently and longitudinally (i.e., 5 to 6 years later). These findings advance our understanding of the nature of physiological linkage, the emotional conditions under which it occurs, and its possible associations with relational functioning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hua Chen
- Institute of Personality and Social Research, University of California, Berkeley
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Casey L. Brown
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Jenna L. Wells
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Emily S. Rothwell
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
| | - Marcela Otero
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
- Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Centers, VA Palo Alto Health Care System
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University
| | - Robert W. Levenson
- Institute of Personality and Social Research, University of California, Berkeley
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Reis HT, Regan A, Lyubomirsky S. Interpersonal Chemistry: What Is It, How Does It Emerge, and How Does It Operate? PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2021; 17:530-558. [PMID: 34436954 DOI: 10.1177/1745691621994241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although chemistry is a well-known, sought-after interpersonal phenomenon, it has remained relatively unexplored in the psychological literature. The purpose of this article is to begin articulating a theoretically grounded and precise definition of interpersonal chemistry. To that end, we propose a conceptual model of interpersonal chemistry centered around the notion that when two or more individuals experience chemistry with one another, they experience their interaction as something more than the sum of their separate contributions. Our model stipulates that chemistry encompasses both behavior (i.e., what chemistry "looks like") and its perception (i.e., what it "feels like"). The behavior involves interaction sequences in which synchronicity is high and in which people's goals are expressed and responded to in supportive and encouraging ways. The perception of chemistry includes cognitive (i.e., perception of shared identity), affective (i.e., positive affect and attraction), and behavioral (i.e., perceived goal-relevant coordination) components. We review existing research on chemistry as well as supporting evidence from relevant topics (e.g., attraction, similarity, perceived partner responsiveness, synchrony) that inform and support this model. We hope that this conceptual model stimulates research to identify the circumstances in which chemistry arises and the processes by which it affects individuals, their interactions, and their relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harry T Reis
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester
| | - Annie Regan
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Brown CL, Fredrickson BL. Characteristics and consequences of co-experienced positive affect: understanding the origins of social skills, social bonds, and caring, healthy communities. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
17
|
How the Affective Quality of Social Connections May Contribute to Public Health: Prosocial Tendencies Account for the Links Between Positivity Resonance and Behaviors that Reduce the Spread of COVID-19. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2:241-261. [PMID: 33870213 PMCID: PMC8041949 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-021-00035-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although behaviors such as handwashing, mask wearing, and social distancing are known to limit viral spread, early in the COVID-19 pandemic, many individuals in the United States did not adopt them. The positivity resonance theory of co-experienced positive affect (Fredrickson, 2016) holds that shared pleasant states that include the key features of mutual care and a sense of oneness through behavioral synchrony function to build prosocial tendencies (e.g., self-transcendent and other-oriented dispositions of felt unity, empathy, altruism, and general positivity toward humanity). We tested the theory-driven hypothesis that prosocial tendencies are associated with high-quality social connections characterized by the affective state of positivity resonance and, in turn, account for behaviors to slow the spread of COVID-19. We measured perceived positivity resonance at the level of social episodes either during the COVID-19 pandemic (study 1, N = 1059, April-May 2020) or before it (study 2, N = 227, March-November 2019). In both studies, cross-sectionally and prospectively, results suggest that perceived positivity resonance had a positive indirect effect on self-reported hygienic behaviors (e.g., handwashing and mask wearing), which was mediated by a latent measure of prosocial tendencies. Sensitivity analyses confirmed these mediation effects to be independent of competing predictors of prosocial tendencies (e.g., overall positive and negative affect, frequency of social interaction) and competing predictors of health behaviors (e.g., political orientation, high-risk status, illness symptoms). Effects for social distancing were mixed. Overall, findings are consistent with the view that positivity resonance builds self-transcendent prosocial tendencies that motivate behaviors to protect community health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42761-021-00035-z.
Collapse
|
18
|
Fotokian Z, Pourhabib A, Navabi N, Ghaffari F. Designing a structural equation model of marital satisfaction based on aging perception and demographic and clinical variables in Iranian elderly patients with coronary artery disease. ARYA ATHEROSCLEROSIS 2021; 16:161-169. [PMID: 33598036 PMCID: PMC7867309 DOI: 10.22122/arya.v16i4.2087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marital satisfaction is an important variable in maintaining or promoting elderly health. Therefore, identifying the effective factors can increase life expectancy and quality of life. This study aimed to determine the relationship between aging perception and demographic and clinical characteristics with marital satisfaction in the elderly patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS This was a descriptive-correlational study. The sample size was 480 elderly patients with CAD who were referred to the heart clinics of hospitals in the west of Mazandaran Province, Iran, who were recruited by convenience sampling. Data were collected by a demographic checklist, ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Inventory, and Aging Perceptions Questionnaire (APQ). The data were analyzed by structural equation model (SEM) using Goodness of Fit Index (GFI and chi-square test. P-value less than 0.050 was considered as significant level. RESULTS The mean and standard deviation (SD) of marital satisfaction was 145.16 ± 12.12, and the mean and SD of aging perception was 113.39 ± 12.74. The results of the Pearson's correlation coefficient indicated that the highest correlation was between aging perception and marital satisfaction (r = 0.68, P < 0.001). The model fit indices of the hypothesized model met the criteria, with the GFI = 0.91, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.93, Normed Fit Index (NFI) = 0.94, and non-Normed Fit Index (NNFI) = 0.91. CONCLUSION Considering the psychological risk factors affecting marital satisfaction such as aging perception and suitable measurement can lead to marital health and improve treatment outcomes by increasing elderly motivation in self-care. Therefore, the elderly patients with CAD need more serious and long-term educational, counseling, and supportive interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Fotokian
- Assistant Professor, Nursing Care Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Pourhabib
- PhD Candidate, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Navabi
- Lecturer, Nursing Care Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghaffari
- Associate Professor, Nursing Care Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Coffey JK, Xia M, Fosco GM. When do adolescents feel loved? A daily within-person study of parent-adolescent relations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 22:861-873. [PMID: 32658506 PMCID: PMC8366395 DOI: 10.1037/emo0000767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Feeling loved has many benefits, but research is limited on how daily behaviors of one person in a relationship shape why someone else feels more or less loved from day to day. The parent-adolescent relationship is a primary source of love. We expected parent-reported warmth and conflict would explain daily fluctuations in how loved adolescents reported feeling. In a sample of 151 families (adolescent MAge = 14.60; 61.6% female) over a 21-day period, we used multilevel models to disentangle within-family (daily variability) and between-family (average levels) parent-reported daily warmth and conflict in relation to adolescents' daily reports about how loved they were feeling. Findings indicated adolescents in families with higher parent-reported warmth across days and higher adolescent-reported closeness with parents felt more loved by their parents, on average. At a within-person level, we found considerable day-to-day variability in how loved adolescents reported feeling that was partially explained by meaningful variability in both parent-reported warmth and conflict across days. On days when parents reported more warmth than usual and less conflict than usual, adolescents reported feeling more loved. Further, a significant within-day interaction indicated that the importance of days' parent warmth was greater on high conflict days, but when parents directed more warmth toward their adolescents, the difference between high- and low-conflict days was negligible. Theoretical implications for studying daily emotional love in parent-youth relationships and suggestions for parenting interventions that focus on daily practices of parent warmth are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mengya Xia
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies
| | | |
Collapse
|