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Gou H, Liu L, Sun X. Causal effects of childhood obesity on neuroticism and subjective well-being: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. J Affect Disord 2024; 354:110-115. [PMID: 38479511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is linked to both neuroticism and subjective wellbeing (SWB); however, the causal relations between them remain unclear. METHODS Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was applied to determine the causal effects of childhood BMI (n = 39,620) on neuroticism (n = 366,301) and SWB (n = 298,420) using summary statistics from large scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Inverse-variance weighting (IVW), weighted mode, weighted median, and MR-Egger approaches were used to estimate the causal effects. Sensitivity analyses including the Cochran's Q statistics, MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO global test, and the leave-one-out (LOO) analysis were used to assess potential heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy. Two-step MR mediation analysis was employed to explore the potential mediation effects of neuroticism on the causal relationship between childhood BMI and SWB. RESULTS Our study revealed that genetically predicted higher childhood BMI was causally associated with increased neuroticism (beta = 0.045, 95%CI = 0.013,0.077, p = 6.066e-03) and reduced SWB (beta = -0.059, 95%CI = -0.093,-0.024, p = 9.585e-04). Sensitivity analyses didn't detect any significant heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy (all p > 0.05). Additionally, the two-step MR mediation analysis indicated that the causal relationship between childhood BMI and SWB was partially mediated by neuroticism (proportion of mediation effects in total effects: 21.3 %, 95%CI: 5.4 % to 37.2, p = 0.0088). CONCLUSION Genetically proxy for higher childhood BMI was associated with increased neuroticism and reduced SWB. Further studies were warranted to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms and potential use of weight management for improving personality and SWB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Gou
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Clinical Medical, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiangjuan Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China.
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2
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Zhao Y, Huebner ES, Liu W, Tian L. Longitudinal associations between childhood victimization and neuroticism from middle childhood to early adolescence. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 152:106797. [PMID: 38636154 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous cross-sectional and unidirectional longitudinal studies have identified positive associations between childhood victimization and neuroticism in children. However, these studies have not simultaneously examined multiple common sources of childhood victimization (family abuse, teacher abuse, and peer victimization) in relation to neuroticism nor have they distinguished between- and within-person effects. Moreover, the moderating role of child sex in their associations has yet to be fully evaluated. OBJECTIVE This study examined the within-person longitudinal associations between three common sources of childhood victimization and neuroticism in Chinese children and whether these effects differed between boys and girls. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The sample included 4315 children (55.1 % boys) with an average age of 9.93 (SD = 0.73) years from a large city in China. METHODS Participants completed self-report measures on five occasions across two years, employing six-month intervals. Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Models (RI-CLPMs) were used to distinguish between-person and within-person effects. RESULTS Results included: (a) Family abuse (excluding sexual abuse) and peer victimization directly predicted subsequent increases in neuroticism at the within-person level and vice versa, whereas teacher abuse and neuroticism did not reveal significant longitudinal relations at the within-person level; (b) The effect of family abuse on neuroticism at the within-person level was stronger in boys, while the effect of peer victimization on neuroticism at the within-person level was stronger in girls. CONCLUSIONS Prevention and intervention strategies targeting high neuroticism and childhood victimization should consider the roles of both family and peer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinqiu Zhao
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - E Scott Huebner
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Wang Liu
- School of Marxism, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lili Tian
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Yang C, Huebner ES, Tian L. Prediction of suicidal ideation among preadolescent children with machine learning models: A longitudinal study. J Affect Disord 2024; 352:403-409. [PMID: 38387673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Machine learning (ML) has been widely used to predict suicidal ideation (SI) in adolescents and adults. Nevertheless, studies of accurate and efficient models of SI prediction with preadolescent children are still needed because SI is surprisingly prevalent during the transition into adolescence. This study aimed to explore the potential of ML models to predict SI among preadolescent children. METHODS A total of 4691 Chinese children (54.89 % boys, Mage = 10.92 at baseline) and their parents completed relevant measures at baseline and the children provided 6-month follow-up data for SI. The current study compared four ML models: Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree (DT), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), to predict SI and to identify variables with predictive value based on the best-performing model among Chinese preadolescent children. RESULTS The RF model achieved the highest discriminant performance with an AUC of 0.92, accuracy of 0.93 (balanced accuracy = 0.88). The factors of internalizing problems, externalizing problems, neuroticism, childhood maltreatment, and subjective well-being in school demonstrated the highest values in predicting SI. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggested that ML models based on the observation and assessment of children's general characteristics and experiences in everyday life can serve as convenient screening and evaluation tools for suicide risk assessment among Chinese preadolescent children. The findings also provide insights for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Yang
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China
| | - E Scott Huebner
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Lili Tian
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China.
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Cojocaru CM, Popa CO, Schenk A, Jakab Z, Suciu BA, Olah P, Popoviciu H, Szasz S. A Single-Session Process-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention Combined with Multimodal Rehabilitation Treatment for Chronic Pain Associated with Emotional Disorders. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:327. [PMID: 38667123 PMCID: PMC11047417 DOI: 10.3390/bs14040327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Defined by chronic pain, rheumatic diseases are often co-occurring with anxiety and depression. Among the available psychological interventions, cognitive-behavioral therapies have an already-proven efficiency in these cases. However, the need to adjust their structure became ubiquitous during the post-pandemic period. Hence, the objective of this study was to investigate the impact of a single-session, process-based cognitive-behavioral intervention for patients with rheumatic conditions within an in-patient setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 31 participants (mean age 58.9 years) completed the single-session intervention. Assessments were conducted prior to the intervention, post-intervention and after one month. RESULTS Pearson's correlations, paired samples T tests and a covariance analysis based on the Linear Mixed Model were performed for exploring the relations between baseline variables and evaluating the impact of the SSI intervention. Immediately after the intervention, a significant reduction in cognitive fusion (p = 0.001, d = 1.78), experiential avoidance (p = 0.001, d = 1.4) and dysfunctional behavioral processes was observed. At the one-month evaluation, participants reported decreased pain (p = 0.001, d = 1.11), anxiety (p = 0.004, d = 0.55) and depression (p = 0.001, d = 0.72). CONCLUSIONS The single-session, process-based approach represents a promising intervention in healthcare contexts, as an integrative part of a multimodal rehabilitation treatment in patients with rheumatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana-Manuela Cojocaru
- The Doctoral School of George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu-Mures, Romania; (C.-M.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Cosmin Octavian Popa
- Department of Ethics and Social Sciences, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu-Mures, Romania
| | - Alina Schenk
- The Doctoral School of George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu-Mures, Romania; (C.-M.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Zsolt Jakab
- Department of Counseling, Career Guidance and Informing Students, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu-Mures, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Andrei Suciu
- Department of Anatomy and Morphological Sciences, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology, 540142 Targu-Mures, Romania;
| | - Peter Olah
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu-Mures, Romania;
| | - Horațiu Popoviciu
- Department of Rheumatology, Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu-Mures, Romania; (H.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Simona Szasz
- Department of Rheumatology, Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu-Mures, Romania; (H.P.); (S.S.)
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Lommen MJJ, Hoekstra S, van den Brink RHS, Lenaert B. Fear generalization predicts post-traumatic stress symptoms: A two-year follow-up study in Dutch fire fighters. J Anxiety Disord 2024; 103:102855. [PMID: 38484507 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2024.102855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Excessive fear generalization has been associated with pathological anxiety, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, studies investigating the longitudinal relationship between generalization and the development of anxiety symptomatology are scarce. This study aims to test the predictive value of fear generalization for PTSD symptoms in a high-risk profession sample and to explore the relationship between generalization and neuroticism, which are both linked to PTSD. METHOD Longitudinal data from a multi-wave study in 529 Dutch fire-fighters were used. Fear generalization, PTSD symptoms and neuroticism were assessed at baseline. PTSD symptoms were reevaluated at six, 12, 18, and 24 months. Generalization was assessed in a differential conditioning paradigm by measuring expectancies of an aversive outcome when presented with stimuli similar to previously conditioned stimuli. RESULTS Higher expectancy ratings towards stimuli most similar to safety signals predicted PTSD symptoms at follow-up after controlling for baseline PTSD symptoms, whereas higher expectancy ratings towards stimuli most similar to danger signals was associated with neuroticism. Neuroticism weakened the predictive power of fear generalization when considered simultaneously. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that heightened fear generalization is associated with the development of anxiety and trauma-related symptoms. Targeting problematic fear generalization may be a promising intervention approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam J J Lommen
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Rob H S van den Brink
- Department of Psychiatry, Rob Giel Research Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bert Lenaert
- Department of Life Span Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Open University, Heerlen, the Netherlands; Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Jiang H, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Yan H, Yu H, Tan HY, Zhang D, Yue W. Effects of parenting styles on adult personality traits, depressive trait, and brain structure. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 93:103939. [PMID: 38350178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.103939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
This study explored the complex triangular relationships between parenting styles, personality traits, and depressive trait in Chinese Han adults (N = 490; Mean age=24.25; 51.0% women), and examined the relationship between parenting styles and brain structure. The data indicated that depressive trait in adulthood were negatively correlated with a favorable parenting style (emotional warmth) and positively correlated with undesirable parenting styles (punishment, rejection, and overprotection/over-intervention). Additionally, depressive trait in adulthood were positively related to neuroticism and psychoticism, and negatively related to extraversion. Using a multiple parallel mediation analysis, we found that neuroticism could be worsened by undesirable parenting styles and ameliorated by favorable parenting styles, and it further mediated the relationship between parenting styles and depressive trait across all models. Psychoticism played a similar role in two models: 1) parental punishment and depressive trait and 2) parental rejection and depressive trait. Extraversion played a mediating role between the father's overprotection and depressive trait. Subgroup analysis showed that different mediating pathways existed between different sexes. In terms of brain structure, we found that gray matter volume of the right inferior frontal gyrus was negatively related to overprotection by the father and positively related to psychoticism. Our findings highlight the importance of parenting style on personality traits, depressive trait, and brain structure over the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Jiang
- School of Nursing, Peking University, 100191, China; Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, 100191, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 100191, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, 100191, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 100191, China.
| | - Yuyanan Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, 100191, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 100191, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, 100191, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 100191, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical University, 272067 Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Yang Tan
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Dai Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, 100191, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 100191, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Weihua Yue
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, 100191, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 100191, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Thomeczek ML, Negi S, Chen Y, Forbush KT. The impact of trauma-related symptoms and neuroticism on compensatory behaviors in a sample of adults with eating disorders. Eat Behav 2023; 51:101819. [PMID: 37778282 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inappropriate compensatory behaviors (ICBs), including purging, restricting, and excessive exercising, are key symptoms of several eating disorders (EDs). Studies have found positive associations between trauma and ICBs, although few studies have explored mechanisms that may explain these relationships. Emotion dysregulation has been posited as a mechanism that explains associations among ICBs and trauma. Given that individuals with high neuroticism may be particularly likely to use ICBs to regulate emotions following a trauma, the purpose of this study was to test whether neuroticism moderated the relationship between trauma-related symptoms and each type of ICB (purging, restricting, and excessive exercise). METHOD A community sample of adults with a DSM-5 ED (N = 263; 83.7 % female) completed measures of trauma-related symptoms, ED psychopathology, and personality. RESULTS Zero-inflated negative binomial models revealed that trauma-related symptoms alone predicted restricting and purging behavior. In addition, we found that neuroticism alone predicted the presence of excessive exercise. We found no significant interaction between trauma-symptoms and neuroticism. CONCLUSION Although past research has documented high rates of co-occurring ED and PTSD, the connections between trauma-related symptoms and ICBs are complex and may be unique to each type of ICB. Given that neuroticism may not influence the relationship between trauma-related symptoms and ICBs, more research should be done to establish an understanding of factors that could explain the relationship between ICBs and trauma-related symptoms. Novel interventions that simultaneously target restricting, purging, and trauma-related symptoms could be beneficial to explore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna L Thomeczek
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, 1415 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Sonakshi Negi
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, 1415 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Yiyang Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, 1415 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Kelsie T Forbush
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, 1415 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; Life Span Institute, Dole Human Development Center, Room 1052, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
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Chen IS. Using leisure crafting to reduce emotional exhaustion at home during the COVID-19 pandemic through better sleep and not thinking about the pandemic. Stress Health 2023; 39:1047-1057. [PMID: 36945897 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Drawing on conservation of resources (COR) theory, we aimed to investigate whether leisure crafting reduces emotional exhaustion by improving sleep quality and strengthening psychological detachment from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We posited that sleep quality and psychological detachment from the COVID-19 pandemic mediate the negative relationship between leisure crafting and emotional exhaustion. We carried out a two-wave longitudinal study among a group of individuals (N = 216) from Wuhan, China. We measured leisure crafting, sleep quality, and psychological detachment from the COVID-19 pandemic at Time 1 and emotional exhaustion two months later at Time 2. We discovered that leisure crafting reduced emotional exhaustion at home by improving sleep quality and increasing psychological detachment from the COVID-19 pandemic. At the end of this article, we discuss theoretical and practical implications, research limitations, and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Shuo Chen
- Faculty of Business and Law, School of Management, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
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Clausen BK, Shepherd JM, Rogers AH, Garey L, Redmond BY, Heggeness L, Zvolensky MJ. Anxiety sensitivity in terms of mental health among a racially and ethnically diverse sample of sexual minority college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-8. [PMID: 38015156 PMCID: PMC11130074 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2277191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Limited work has focused on understanding the function of individual difference factors in terms of mental health among sexual minority college students. Anxiety sensitivity is one individual difference factor which has received substantial empirical attention, but its role is presently understudied among racially/ethnically diverse sexual minority college students.Participants: Participants included a racially and ethnically diverse sample of sexual minority college students (N = 217; Mage = 20.82 years; SD = 3.06).Methods: The present investigation evaluated the role of anxiety sensitivity in relation to anxious arousal, social anxiety, depression, and suicidality.Results: Results indicated that anxiety sensitivity was significantly related to increased anxious arousal, social anxiety, depression, and suicidality after adjusting for age, sex, relationship status, subjective social status, and neuroticism.Conclusions: This investigation provides the first empirical evidence that anxiety sensitivity is related to poorer mental health outcomes for racially/ethnically diverse sexual minority college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce K. Clausen
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Andrew H. Rogers
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lorra Garey
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Brooke Y. Redmond
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Luke Heggeness
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael J. Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- HEALTH Institute, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Stieger M, Flückiger C, Allemand M. One year later: Longer-term maintenance effects of a digital intervention to change personality traits. J Pers 2023. [PMID: 37929333 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent research suggests that personality traits can be changed by psychological interventions. However, it is unclear whether these intended personality changes can be maintained or merely reflect ephemeral shifts. METHOD The present study reports 1-year follow-up effects of a 3-month digital intervention for personality trait change. Personality traits were measured before the intervention (pretest: N = 1523), directly after the intervention (posttest: n = 554), and 3 months (follow-up 1: n = 437) and 1 year (follow-up 2: n = 157) after the end of the intervention. RESULTS Attrition analyses suggest that participants who completed the 1-year follow-up were significantly more open to experience (d = 0.19), less neurotic (d = 0.20), more agreeable (d = 0.35) and more conscientious (d = 0.27) than participants who did not complete the 1-year follow-up. Also, until the 1-year follow-up, personality trait changes achieved remained stable (for those who wanted to increase in extraversion and conscientiousness) or even changed further in the desired direction (for those who wanted to decrease in neuroticism). CONCLUSION These results suggest that changes in personality traits due to a targeted intervention are not just ephemeral shifts and can even continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Stieger
- Institute of Communication and Marketing, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Zentralstrasse, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Flückiger
- Institut für Psychologie, University of Kassel, Holländische Straße, Kassel, Germany
| | - Mathias Allemand
- UFSP Dynamik Gesunden Alterns, University of Zurich, Stampfenbachstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
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So MM, Suen YN, Wong SMY, Cheung C, Chan SKW, Lee EHM, Hui CLM, Chen EYH. Resilient, undercontrolled, and overcontrolled personality types in Hong Kong youths and the association with mental health outcomes. J Pers 2023. [PMID: 37718647 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the relationship between RUO types and mental health in a youth sample in Hong Kong. BACKGROUND Previous research has found that Resilient, Undercontrolled, and Overcontrolled (RUO) personality types derived from Big Five personality traits are associated with mental health outcomes. Most studies, however, have predominantly been conducted in Western societies. METHOD Clinical diagnostic interviews and self-rated measures of psychological constructs, covering resilience, rumination, self-esteem and more, were administered to 860 youths aged 15 to 24 recruited from an ongoing epidemiological youth mental health study in Hong Kong. RESULTS Three personality clusters were identified. The first (mean age = 19.6, 63.3% female) and second (mean age = 19.5, 60.7% female) cluster both have characteristics of the under- and overcontrolled personalities. The third personality type resembled the resilient profile in RUO typology (mean age = 19.6, 50.5% female) and showed the lowest prevalence of poor mental health. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the replicability of the RUO profiles was only partial in a Hong Kong sample predominantly Chinese. The resilient profile was replicated but not the undercontrolled and overcontrolled profiles proposed by previous studies. The findings of the current study implicated that culturally contextual considerations are necessary when relating mental health to personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Miriam So
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi Nam Suen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Charlton Cheung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sherry Kit Wa Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Edwin Ho Ming Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Eric Yu Hai Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Niemeijer M, Reinholt N, Poulsen S, Bach B, Christensen AB, Eskildsen A, Hvenegaard M, Arendt M, Arnfred S. Trait and symptom change in group cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety and depression. Clin Psychol Psychother 2023; 30:1058-1070. [PMID: 37106559 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Personality traits underlying both anxiety disorders and depression are more malleable than previously presumed. This study examined associations between changes in personality traits (i.e. negative affectivity and detachment) and alleviation of anxiety and depression symptoms following cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT). We hypothesized that decreases in negative affectivity would predict alleviation of depression and anxiety symptoms and decreases in detachment would predict decreases in depression and, to a lesser degree, anxiety symptoms. Data (N = 156) were collected in a randomized controlled trial comparing transdiagnostic and diagnosis-specific group CBT for patients with major depressive disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder or agoraphobia. We assessed personality traits using the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) and symptoms with the Hopkins Symptom Checklist 25-item scale (SCL). Prediction was based on regression analyses. We found that decreases in negative affectivity predicted lower levels of depression and anxiety symptoms while decreases in detachment only predicted lower levels of depression symptoms. The findings substantiate current efforts to explicate the dynamic interplay between personality traits and symptoms and support the existing focus on targeting negative affectivity and detachment in therapy for anxiety disorders and depression. The trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (ID NCT02954731).
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Niemeijer
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Nina Reinholt
- Research Unit for Psychotherapy & Psychopathology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Psychiatry Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Psychotherapeutical Clinic, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Stig Poulsen
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Bo Bach
- Research Unit for Psychotherapy & Psychopathology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Psychiatry Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark
- Center for Personality Disorder Research, Psychiatric Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital-Psychiatry Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Anne Bryde Christensen
- Research Unit for Psychotherapy & Psychopathology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Psychiatry Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anita Eskildsen
- Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Morten Hvenegaard
- Research Unit for Psychotherapy & Psychopathology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Psychiatry Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Arendt
- Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sidse Arnfred
- Research Unit for Psychotherapy & Psychopathology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Psychiatry Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Fujimura Y, Shimura A, Morishita C, Tamada Y, Tanabe H, Kusumi I, Inoue T. Neuroticism mediates the association between childhood abuse and the well-being of community dwelling adult volunteers. Biopsychosoc Med 2023; 17:26. [PMID: 37488649 PMCID: PMC10364364 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-023-00282-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies reported that the experience of maltreatment in childhood reduces subjective well-being in adulthood and that neuroticism is negatively associated with subjective well-being. However, the interrelationship between childhood maltreatment, adult life events, neuroticism, and subjective well-being has not been analyzed to date. METHODS A total of 404 adult volunteers provided responses to the following questionnaires: 1) Childhood Abuse and Trauma Scale, 2) Life Experiences Survey, 3) Neuroticism Subscale of the Shortened Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised, and 4) Subjective Well-Being Inventory. The path model was used to analyze possible interrelationships among these parameters. RESULTS The effect of childhood abuse on subjective well-being was indirect and was mediated by neuroticism. The effect of neuroticism on the negative, but not positive, change score on the Life Experiences Survey was significant. The indirect effect of neuroticism on subjective well-being was not significant via either negative or positive change scores. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that age, subjective social status, neuroticism, and negative and positive life events were significantly associated with subjective well-being. Furthermore, using path analysis, we demonstrated the mediating role of neuroticism in the indirect effect of childhood abuse on subjective well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yota Fujimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, 1193 Tatemachi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 193-0998, Japan.
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
| | - Akiyoshi Shimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Chihiro Morishita
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yu Tamada
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, 1193 Tatemachi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 193-0998, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Hajime Tanabe
- Department of Clinical Human Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kusumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inoue
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
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14
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Shokrkon A, Nicoladis E. Mental health in Canadian children and adolescents during COVID-19 pandemic: the role of personality and, coping and stress responses. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1190375. [PMID: 37404585 PMCID: PMC10315680 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1190375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In December 2019, the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic first emerged in China and quickly spread to other countries. Previous studies have shown that the COVID-19 pandemic and the consequences have negatively impacted the mental health of adults. Individual differences such as personality could contribute to mental health. Furthermore, coping and responses to stress may affect an individual's response to the pandemic. In the past, studies have only investigated this relationship in adults. In the current study, we examine how personality traits (using the Five-Factor Model as our framework) and Coping and Response to COVID-19 stress are related to the mental health of Canadian children and adolescents during the pandemic. Using parent reports of 100 preschoolers and 607 6-18-year-old children, we performed multiple regression analysis to explore how personality traits predict the effects of COVID-19 on mental health. The results showed that personality traits are associated with the mental health of Canadian youth during the COVID-19 pandemic. In preschoolers, Neuroticism and Agreeableness predicted the most mental health problems, and in 6-18-year-old children, Extraversion negatively predicted the most mental health problems. Also, Openness to Experience was the weakest predictor of mental health status in Canadian youth. These findings could be useful in understanding children's responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and could assist public health services delivering mental health services specifically tailored to children's personalities during and after this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Shokrkon
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Elena Nicoladis
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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15
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Forthman KL, Kuplicki R, Yeh HW, Khalsa SS, Paulus MP, Guinjoan SM. Transdiagnostic behavioral and genetic contributors to repetitive negative thinking: A machine learning approach. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 162:207-213. [PMID: 37178517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a symptom that can negatively impact the treatment and course of common psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety. We aimed to characterize behavioral and genetic correlates of RNT to infer potential contributors to its genesis and maintenance. METHODS We applied a machine learning (ML) ensemble method to define the contribution of fear, interoceptive, reward, and cognitive variables to RNT, along with polygenic risk scores (PRS) for neuroticism, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), worry, insomnia, and headaches. We used the PRS and 20 principal components of the behavioral and cognitive variables to predict intensity of RNT. We employed the Tulsa-1000 study, a large database of deeply phenotyped individuals recruited between 2015 and 2018. RESULTS PRS for neuroticism was the main predictor of RNT intensity (R2=0.027,p<0.001). Behavioral variables indicative of faulty fear learning and processing, as well as aberrant interoceptive aversiveness, were significant contributors to RNT severity. Unexpectedly, we observed no contribution of reward behavior and diverse cognitive function variables. LIMITATIONS This study is an exploratory approach that must be validated with a second, independent cohort. Furthermore, this is an association study, limiting causal inference. CONCLUSIONS RNT is highly determined by genetic risk for neuroticism, a behavioral construct that confers risk to a variety of internalizing disorders, and by emotional processing and learning features, including interoceptive aversiveness. These results suggest that targeting emotional and interoceptive processing areas, which involve central autonomic network structures, could be useful in the modulation of RNT intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Forthman
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA
| | - Rayus Kuplicki
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA
| | - Hung-Wen Yeh
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA; Health Services & Outcomes Research, Children's Mercy Research Institute, 2401 Gilham Road, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA; School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Sahib S Khalsa
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA; Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, 1215 South Boulder Ave W, Tulsa, OK, 74119, USA
| | - Martin P Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA; Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, 1215 South Boulder Ave W, Tulsa, OK, 74119, USA
| | - Salvador M Guinjoan
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, The University of Oklahoma-Tulsa, Schusterman Center, 4502 E. 41st Street, Tulsa, OK, 74135, USA.
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16
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Bogaert L, Dunn BD, Walentynowicz M, Raes F. ‘It just doesn't feel right’ and other reasons why some people fear and avoid positive emotions. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 235:103901. [PMID: 37018932 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The need to further our understanding of positive affect dysregulation in depression has been widely acknowledged. Two related relevant concepts in this realm, are Avoidance Of Positivity (AOP; referring to avoidance behaviour towards positivity) and Fear Of Positivity (FOP; referring to anxious or unpleasant feelings related to positivity). However, traditionally manifestations of AOP and FOP are considered in isolation, and self-report scales used to measure both concepts show considerable content overlap. Therefore, the first study aim was to examine how AOP and FOP relate to one another, depressive symptomatology and anhedonia, through new clearly delineated scales. For exploratory purposes, general and state-specific versions were developed. The second aim was to uncover beliefs that underlie the tendency towards AOP/FOP. An adult community sample (n = 197) completed online measures of AOP, FOP, depressive symptoms and anhedonia, and answered open-ended questions about reasons for AOP and FOP. Cross-sectionally, preliminary evidence was found for AOP and FOP being positively associated with one another, depressive symptomatology and anhedonia. Even after controlling for depressive symptomatology, anhedonia remained positively associated with AOP and FOP. So, AOP and FOP may be viable candidate mechanisms maintaining anhedonia that are worth further investigation and may be appropriate to target during treatment. Answers to the open-ended questions (n = 77) reflected various beliefs underlying AOP/FOP, which were broader than simply anticipating negative consequences of feeling positive and also touched on themes of unworthiness and social inappropriateness of feeling positive. Some theoretical and clinical implications of different beliefs underlying AOP/FOP are discussed.
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17
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Chilver MR, Champaigne-Klassen E, Schofield PR, Williams LM, Gatt JM. Predicting wellbeing over one year using sociodemographic factors, personality, health behaviours, cognition, and life events. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5565. [PMID: 37019908 PMCID: PMC10076502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32588-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Various sociodemographic, psychosocial, cognitive, and life event factors are associated with mental wellbeing; however, it remains unclear which measures best explain variance in wellbeing in the context of related variables. This study uses data from 1017 healthy adults from the TWIN-E study of wellbeing to evaluate the sociodemographic, psychosocial, cognitive, and life event predictors of wellbeing using cross-sectional and repeated measures multiple regression models over one year. Sociodemographic (age, sex, education), psychosocial (personality, health behaviours, and lifestyle), emotion and cognitive processing, and life event (recent positive and negative life events) variables were considered. The results showed that while neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, and cognitive reappraisal were the strongest predictors of wellbeing in the cross-sectional model, while extraversion, conscientiousness, exercise, and specific life events (work related and traumatic life events) were the strongest predictors of wellbeing in the repeated measures model. These results were confirmed using tenfold cross-validation procedures. Together, the results indicate that the variables that best explain differences in wellbeing between individuals at baseline can vary from the variables that predict change in wellbeing over time. This suggests that different variables may need to be targeted to improve population-level compared to individual-level wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda R Chilver
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | | | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Leanne M Williams
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5717, USA
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Centers VISN21, Veterans Administration Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304-151-Y, USA
| | - Justine M Gatt
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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18
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Torgersen KS, Sverre ECB, Weedon-Fekjær H, Andreassen OA, Munkhaugen J, Dammen T. Risk of recurrent cardiovascular events in coronary artery disease patients with Type D personality. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1119146. [PMID: 37057178 PMCID: PMC10088369 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1119146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionData on the association between Type D personality, its traits negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI), and risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in coronary outpatients is sparse. Furthermore, the associations between Type D subgroups and cardiovascular risk factors are largely unknown.MethodsWe investigated i) Type D personality, NA and SI and risk of recurrent MACE, and ii) the relationship between Type D subgroups and risk factors in a coronary population. This prospective cohort study included 1083 patients` median 16 months after a myocardial infarction and/or a revascularization procedure who were followed-up for 4.2 (SD 0.4) years. Type D personality was assessed by DS14. Anxiety and depression, statin adherence, and risk factors were assessed by patients’ self-report and a clinical examination with blood samples. MACE, defined as cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, revascularization, stroke or heart failure, were obtained from hospital records from index event to end of study lasting 5.7 years. Data were analyzed by Cox proportional hazard regression.ResultsIn all, 352 MACE occurred in 230 patients after average 4.2 years follow-up. Higher NA score was associated with MACE after adjustment for age, risk factors and comorbidity (HR 1.02 per unit increase, 95% CI 1.00-1.05), whereas we found a weaker, not statistically significant estimated effect of higher SI score. After additional adjustment for symptoms of anxiety and depression, we found a weaker, not statistically significant association between NA and MACE (HR 1.01 per unit increase, 95% CI 0.98-1.05). Low statin adherence and smoking were more prevalent in the Type D and high NA group.DiscussionOur results indicate that the NA trait is related to worse prognosis in outpatients with coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Stensland Torgersen
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elise Christine Bjørkholen Sverre
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Drammen Hospital, Drammen, Norway
| | - Harald Weedon-Fekjær
- Oslo Center for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT: Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Munkhaugen
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Drammen Hospital, Drammen, Norway
| | - Toril Dammen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Psychiatric Treatment Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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19
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De Francesco S, Scaini S, Alessandri G, Medda E, Camoni L, Stazi MA, Fagnani C. Age-Related Variations of Genetic and Environmental Contributions to the Covariation of Fear, Distress and Externalizing Symptoms: A Twin Study in Childhood and Adolescence. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01498-w. [PMID: 36694087 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01498-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The frequency with which Internalizing and Externalizing symptoms co-occur suggests that, behind both domains, there may be a common susceptibility represented by a general psychopathology factor. However, it's still unclear whether this common susceptibility is affected by age-related variations. Internalizing (i.e., Fear and Distress) and Externalizing symptoms were evaluated in 803 twin pairs from the population-based Italian Twin Registry. Model-fitting analysis was performed separately in the 6-14 and 15-18 age groups to estimate genetic and environmental contributions to the covariance among symptoms. For the 6-14 group, a multivariate Cholesky model best fitted the data, while, for the 15-18 group, the best fit was provided by a Common Pathway model in which nearly 50% of total variance of each trait was mediated by common genetic factors. Our findings support a common susceptibility behind Internalizing and Externalizing symptoms, mainly genetic in origin, that becomes more evident at the beginning of puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simona Scaini
- Child and Youth Lab, Sigmund Freud University, Milan, Italy
| | - Guido Alessandri
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome "Sapienza", Via Dei Marsi 78, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Medda
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Camoni
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Stazi
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado Fagnani
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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20
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Zhang Y, Jia X. When fate hands you lemons: A moderated moderation model of bullying victimization and psychological distress among Chinese adolescents during floods and the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1010408. [PMID: 36935965 PMCID: PMC10020194 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1010408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bullying is a major problem worldwide and has numerous detrimental effects on the mental health of victims. The link between bullying and psychological distress in adolescents is well known. However, few studies have analyzed the impact of combined interpersonal, peer, and cultural factors on psychological distress using a social-ecological system framework in Eastern countries. Negotiable fate is a cultural belief common in Eastern societies that suggests that people can negotiate with fate for more control by exercising personal agency within the limits of what fate has determined. This study examined the moderating effects of neuroticism and negotiable fate on the relationship between bullying victimization and psychological distress among Chinese adolescents. Moreover, human society commonly suffers from multiple disasters that lead to severe mental health problems. There are few empirical studies on the effects of bullying among adolescents in multiple disaster contexts. This study included participants who experienced floods and COVID-19 simultaneously in 2021. Materials and methods We conducted a cross-sectional cluster sampling study from August 6 to 9, 2021, approximately 2 weeks after the start of the Zhengzhou City flooding and 7 days after the new wave of the COVID-19 outbreak in Zhengzhou City. The study included 1,207 participants (52.4% men, n = 633; M age = 14.36, SD = 0.94) from a middle school in Zhengzhou City, China. Results The results revealed that bullying was positively linked to psychological distress (β = 0.5.34, p < 0.001, [0.73, 9.95]). Neuroticism and negotiable fate significantly moderated the relationship between the effects of bullying and psychological distress (β = -3.58, p < 0.05, 95% CI [-6.12, -1.04]). Specifically, high neuroticism increased the risk of psychological distress in adolescents bullied before a disaster. High or low neuroticism and high negotiable fate buffered the link between bullying and psychological distress. Conclusion This study showed that neuroticism and negotiable fate moderated the relationship between bullying victimization and psychological distress in Chinese students with COVID-19 and flood disasters. High negotiable fate and high or low neuroticism could help adolescents bullied in school to be immune from psychological distress in catastrophe. The results highlight the importance of considering the interplay between bullying, neuroticism, and a sense of controllable destiny when examining adolescents' psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchi Zhang
- Department of Educational Technology, School of Smart Education, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Jia
- College of Teacher Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyu Jia,
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21
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Neuroticism and adverse life events are important determinants in functional somatic disorders: the DanFunD study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19604. [PMID: 36380136 PMCID: PMC9666664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24213-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several psychological factors have been proposed to be associated with functional somatic disorders (FSD). However, large population-based studies investigating the importance of both personality and adverse life events (ALE) are sparse. This study aimed to investigate the association between FSD and neuroticism and the accumulated number of ALE, respectively. This cross-sectional study included a random sample of the adult Danish population (N = 7493). FSD were established by means of self-reported questionnaires and diagnostic interviews. Neuroticism was measured with the Danish version of the short-form NEO Personality Inventory. ALE were measured with the Danish version of the Cumulative Lifetime Adversity Measure. Strong positive associations were found between neuroticism and FSD, and ALE and questionnaire-based FSD. For interview-based FSD, strong positive associations were found for FSD, multi-organ type, and for the subtype of the general symptoms. The level of self-efficacy did not modify these associations, and no moderating effect of neuroticism and ALE in combination on the probability of having FSD was found. FSD were strongly associated with both neuroticism and the accumulated number of ALE, and these associations were not modified by self-efficacy. In combination, neuroticism and ALE did not have a moderating effect on the probability of having FSD.
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22
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Vidal-Arenas V, Bravo AJ, Ortet-Walker J, Ortet G, Mezquita L, Ibáñez MI, Cross-cultural Addictions Study Team. Neuroticism, rumination, depression and suicidal ideation: A moderated serial mediation model across four countries. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2022; 22:100325. [PMID: 35950010 PMCID: PMC9343412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/objective Research has highlighted the role of neuroticism, rumination, and depression in predicting suicidal thoughts, but studies on how these variables interplay are scarce. The aims of the present study were to test a model in which emotional stability (i.e., low neuroticism) would act as an antecedent and moderator of rumination and depressed mood in the prediction of suicidal ideation (i.e., moderated serial-mediation), and to explore their replicability across four countries and sex, among college students as an at-risk-group for suicide. Method Participants were 3482 undergraduates from U.S, Spain, Argentina, and the Netherlands. Path analysis and multi-group analysis were conducted. Results Emotional stability was indirectly linked to suicidal ideation via rumination and depressed mood. Moreover, emotional stability moderated the associations between rumination and depressed mood, and between depressed mood and suicidal ideation. Findings were consistent in males and females, and across countries studied. Discussion Regardless of sex and country, people with low emotional stability reported higher levels of rumination, which in turn was associated with more depressed mood, and these were associated with higher reports of suicidal thoughts. This cascade of psychological risk factors for suicidal ideation seems to be more harmful in people who endorse low levels of emotional stability.
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23
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Yan K, Yusufi MH, Nazari N. Application of unified protocol as a transdiagnostic treatment for emotional disorders during COVID-19: An internet-delivered randomized controlled trial. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:8599-8614. [PMID: 36157826 PMCID: PMC9453349 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i24.8599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been an emotionally challenging time, especially for young adults. It is associated with a substantial increase in the prevalence of mental health problems, negative symptoms, and stressful experiences that compromise well-being. In low-income countries, internet-delivered psychological services could have a remarkable impact on the population’s mental health, given the lack of mental health professionals.
AIM To investigate the efficacy of internet-delivered cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)-transdiagnostic intervention for adults with emotional disorders.
METHODS In this internet-delivered randomized controlled trial, 102 students with an emotional disorder (mean age = 28.20 years, standard deviation = 5.07) were randomly allocated to receive unified protocol (UP) (n = 51) or treatment as the usual intervention. Following a semi-structured clinical interview, participants completed an online survey including the Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale, Overall Depression Severity and Impairment Scale, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and Emotional Style Questionnaire.
RESULTS The participants showed a high degree of adherence. In total, 78% (n = 40) of the experimental group participants completed the UP treatment. Considering the intention to treat procedure, the results of the analysis of covariance indicated that participants who received UP showed statistically significant changes in depression symptoms [Cohen’s d = -1.50 with 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.90 to -1.10], anxiety (Cohen’s d = -1.06 with 95%CI: -1.48 to -0.65), difficulties with emotion regulation (Cohen’s d = -0.33 with 95%CI: -0.7 to -0.06), positive affect (Cohen's d = 1.27 with 95%CI: 0.85 to 1.68), negative affect (Cohen’s d= -1.04 with 95%CI: -1.46 to -0.63), and healthy emotionality (Cohen’s d = 0.53 with 95%CI: 0.09 to 0.13) compared with the control group.
CONCLUSION This study’s findings highlight the potential value of transdiagnostic internet-delivered programs for young adults with an emotional disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic, and expand the research examining emotional well-being improvements resulting from CBT-transdiagnostic interventions. The findings suggest that UP, which generally concentrates on reducing negative effects, can increase positive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kou Yan
- School of Humanities and Education, Xi'an Eurasia University, Xi'an 710065, Shaanxi Province, China
| | | | - Nabi Nazari
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Lorestan, Iran
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24
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Sun Y, Yu Y, Zhang H, Wang B, Chen C, Wang Y, Tan X, Zhang J, Chen Y, Xia F, Lu Y, Wang N. Joint Exposure to Positive Affect, Life Satisfaction, Depressive Symptoms, and Neuroticism and Incident Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e3186-e3193. [PMID: 35552706 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Whether the psychological wellbeing status could be a risk factor for type 2 diabetes is unclear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to measure the association between combined psychological wellbeing factors and type 2 diabetes and investigate whether this association was modified by genetic predisposition. METHODS Prospective cohort study from the UK Biobank. In total, 127 496 participants who completed a psychological wellbeing questionnaire and did not have type 2 diabetes at baseline (2006-2010) were included; among them, 88 584 (69.5%) were analyzed to determine their genetic predisposition. The main outcome measure was incident type 2 diabetes. RESULTS During the median follow-up of 10.0 years, 2547 incident type 2 diabetes cases were documented. Moderate to extreme unhappiness, satisfaction score ≤3, presence of broad depression, and a neuroticism score ≥3 were all significantly and independently associated with an increased risk of diabetes. When considered as a combination indicator, compared with individuals in the highest quartile of the psychological wellbeing score, the fully adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) of type 2 diabetes were 1.41 (1.21-1.65) in the third quartile, 1.45 (1.24-1.69) in the second quartile, and 1.73 (1.48-2.01) in the lowest quartile. In the stratified analysis, we observed significant interactions between age and physical activity, and type 2 diabetes (Pinteraction < .001 and 0.049, respectively). However, there was no significant interaction between the psychological wellbeing score and genetic susceptibility to diabetes (Pinteraction = .980). CONCLUSION Worse overall psychological wellbeing was associated with a significantly increased risk of type 2 diabetes in a dose-response fashion regardless of genetic predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuefeng Yu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chi Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jihui Zhang
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangzhen Xia
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingli Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningjian Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Watson D, Levin-Aspenson HF, Waszczuk MA, Conway CC, Dalgleish T, Dretsch MN, Eaton NR, Forbes MK, Forbush KT, Hobbs KA, Michelini G, Nelson BD, Sellbom M, Slade T, South SC, Sunderland M, Waldman I, Witthöft M, Wright AGC, Kotov R, Krueger RF. Validity and utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): III. Emotional dysfunction superspectrum. World Psychiatry 2022; 21:26-54. [PMID: 35015357 PMCID: PMC8751579 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is a quantitative nosological system that addresses shortcomings of traditional mental disorder diagnoses, including arbitrary boundaries between psychopathology and normality, frequent disorder co-occurrence, substantial heterogeneity within disorders, and diagnostic unreliability over time and across clinicians. This paper reviews evidence on the validity and utility of the internalizing and somatoform spectra of HiTOP, which together provide support for an emotional dysfunction superspectrum. These spectra are composed of homogeneous symptom and maladaptive trait dimensions currently subsumed within multiple diagnostic classes, including depressive, anxiety, trauma-related, eating, bipolar, and somatic symptom disorders, as well as sexual dysfunction and aspects of personality disorders. Dimensions falling within the emotional dysfunction superspectrum are broadly linked to individual differences in negative affect/neuroticism. Extensive evidence establishes that dimensions falling within the superspectrum share genetic diatheses, environmental risk factors, cognitive and affective difficulties, neural substrates and biomarkers, childhood temperamental antecedents, and treatment response. The structure of these validators mirrors the quantitative structure of the superspectrum, with some correlates more specific to internalizing or somatoform conditions, and others common to both, thereby underlining the hierarchical structure of the domain. Compared to traditional diagnoses, the internalizing and somatoform spectra demonstrated substantially improved utility: greater reliability, larger explanatory and predictive power, and greater clinical applicability. Validated measures are currently available to implement the HiTOP system in practice, which can make diagnostic classification more useful, both in research and in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Watson
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA
| | | | - Monika A Waszczuk
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Tim Dalgleish
- Medical Research Council, Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael N Dretsch
- US Army Medical Research Directorate - West, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas R Eaton
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Miriam K Forbes
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kelsie T Forbush
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Kelsey A Hobbs
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Giorgia Michelini
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brady D Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Martin Sellbom
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tim Slade
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan C South
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Irwin Waldman
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael Witthöft
- Department for Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy, and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Aidan G C Wright
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Robert F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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26
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Caltabiano ML. Personality, weight loss and obesity-related well-being post-bariatric surgery. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:199-206. [PMID: 33723740 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-01086-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to examine the associations between personality, weight loss and obesity-related well-being post-bariatric surgery. It was hypothesised that persons who had undergone bariatric surgery who exhibit Extraversion, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness and Intellect/Imagination will have greater obesity-related well-being; whereas, those low on Emotional stability will have poorer obesity well-being. METHOD The cross-sectional sample comprised 127 females who had received bariatric surgery. The average age of participants was 45 years. Quality of life was measured using the Obesity-Related Well-Being scale (ORWELL 97). Personality was assessed with the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) 50-item measure of the Five-Factor Model. RESULTS The mean BMI for the sample was 34.13 (SD = 7.8). Females with a larger BMI who had undergone bariatric surgery had lower obesity-related well-being. Conscientiousness was negatively associated with BMI. Separate Hierarchical regression analyses found that Emotional stability (Beta = - .43, - .47, - .36) and Agreeableness (Beta = .27, .29, .25) predicted overall well-being, symptom occurrence and subjective relevance of distress, respectively. BMI predicted occurrence of symptoms (Beta = .23). CONCLUSIONS The findings have implications for the development of personality-informed interventions for bariatric patients in enhancing well-being and weight-loss maintenance following surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III: Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Louise Caltabiano
- Psychology, College of Healthcare Sciences, Division of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook University, McGregor Road, Smithfield, Cairns, Qld, 4878, Australia.
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27
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Allemand M, Flückiger C. Personality Change Through Digital-Coaching Interventions. CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09637214211067782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A highly relevant but provocative research question is whether and how one can intentionally change personality traits through psychological interventions, given that traits are relatively stable by definition. Recently, research has begun to investigate personality change through intervention in nonclinical populations. One attractive and innovative interventional avenue may lie in using digital applications to guide and support people in their desire to change their personality and trigger change processes. This article provides a rationale for nonclinical personality-change interventions and discusses motivations to change, the potential of using digital applications for intervention efforts, key studies that illustrate this emerging field of research, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Allemand
- Department of Psychology
- University Research Priority Program (URPP), Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich
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28
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Pichler T, Marten-Mittag B, Hermelink K, Telzerow E, Frank T, Ackermann U, Belka C, Combs SE, Gratzke C, Gschwend J, Harbeck N, Heinemann V, Herkommer K, Kiechle M, Mahner S, Pigorsch S, Rauch J, Stief C, Mumm F, Heußner P, Herschbach P, Dinkel A. Distress in hospitalized cancer patients: Associations with personality traits, clinical and psychosocial characteristics. Psychooncology 2021; 31:770-778. [PMID: 34894364 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To improve allocation of psychosocial care and to provide patient-oriented support offers, identification of determinants of elevated distress is needed. So far, there is a lack of evidence investigating the interplay between individual disposition and current clinical and psychosocial determinants of distress in the inpatient setting. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we investigated 879 inpatients with different cancer sites treated in a German Comprehensive Cancer Center. Assessment of determinants of elevated distress included sociodemographic, clinical and psychosocial characteristics as well as dimensions of personality. Multiple linear regression was applied to identify determinants of psychosocial distress. RESULTS Mean age of the patients was M = 61.9 (SD = 11.8), 48.1% were women. In the multiple linear regression model younger age (β = -0.061, p = 0.033), higher neuroticism (β = 0.178, p = <0.001), having metastases (β = 0.091, p = 0.002), being in a worse physical condition (β = 0.380, p = <0.001), depressive symptoms (β = 0.270, p = <0.001), not feeling well informed about psychological support (β = 0.054, p = 0.046) and previous uptake of psychological treatment (β = 0.067, p = 0.020) showed significant associations with higher psychosocial distress. The adjusted R2 of the overall model was 0.464. CONCLUSION Controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and dispositional vulnerability, that is neuroticism, current clinical and psychosocial characteristics were still associated with hospitalized patients' psychosocial distress. Psycho-oncologists should address both, the more transient emotional responses, such as depressive symptoms, as well as more enduring patient characteristics, like neuroticism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresia Pichler
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich (CCC Munich), Munich, Germany.,Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Birgitt Marten-Mittag
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hermelink
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Telzerow
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tamara Frank
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich (CCC Munich), Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Ackermann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claus Belka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie E Combs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München (HMGU), Oberschleißheim, Germany.,Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTZ), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Gratzke
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Gschwend
- Department of Urology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nadia Harbeck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Breast Center, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Volker Heinemann
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich (CCC Munich), Munich, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathleen Herkommer
- Department of Urology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Kiechle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffi Pigorsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Josefine Rauch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Stief
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Friederike Mumm
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich (CCC Munich), Munich, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Pia Heußner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Cancer Center Oberland, Garmisch-Partenkirchen General Hospital, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Peter Herschbach
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Dinkel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Prevalence, predictors and types of unpleasant and adverse effects of meditation in regular meditators: international cross-sectional study. BJPsych Open 2021. [PMCID: PMC8693904 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2021.1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Meditation is commonly implemented in psychological therapies since the ‘third wave’ of cognitive–behavioural therapy has increased the focus on mindfulness-based interventions. Although extensive research literature demonstrates its benefits, little is known about potential adverse effects. Aims The aim of this study is to report the prevalence, type and severity of particularly unpleasant meditation-related experiences in the largest cross-sectional study on this topic to date, with 1370 regular meditators. Method The participants were asked whether they ever encountered particularly unpleasant experiences as a result of their meditation experience. For the first time, the type and severity of those experiences were assessed and the association with several predictors, such as pre-existing mental disorders, were explored via logistic and linear regression. Results Similar to previous studies, 22% of participants (95% CI 20–24) reported having encountered unpleasant meditation-related experiences, and 13% of participants (95% CI 3–5) reported experiences that were categorised as adverse. Those were mostly of affective, somatic and cognitive nature. Unpleasant meditation-related experiences were more likely to occur in participants with pre-existing mental illnesses (P = 0.000, 95% CI 1.25–2.12). Conclusions This study demonstrates that unpleasant meditation-related experiences are prevalent among meditators and, to a relevant extent, severe enough to warrant further scientific inquiry. Longitudinal studies are needed to examine whether the unpleasant meditation-related experiences are merely negative and thus should be avoided, or are an inherent part of the contemplative path.
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Benacek J, Martin-Key NA, Barton-Owen G, Metcalfe T, Schei TS, Sarah Han SY, Olmert T, Cooper JD, Eljasz P, Farrag LP, Friend LV, Bell E, Cowell D, Tomasik J, Bahn S. Personality, symptom, and demographic correlates of perceived efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor monotherapy among current users with low mood: A data-driven approach. J Affect Disord 2021; 295:1122-1130. [PMID: 34706424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are often the first-line treatment option for depressive symptoms, however their efficacy varies across patients. Identifying predictors of response to SSRIs could facilitate personalised treatment of depression and improve treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to develop a data-driven formulation of demographic, personality, and symptom-level factors associated with subjective response to SSRI treatment. METHODS Participants were recruited online and data were collected retrospectively through an extensive digital mental health questionnaire. Extreme gradient boosting classification with nested cross-validation was used to identify factors distinguishing between individuals with low (n=37) and high (n=111) perceived benefit from SSRI treatment. RESULTS The algorithm demonstrated a good predictive performance (test AUC=.88±.07). Positive affectivity was the strongest predictor of response to SSRIs and a major confounder of the remaining associations. After controlling for positive affectivity, as well as current wellbeing, severity of current depressive symptoms, and multicollinearity, only low positive affectivity, chronic pain, sleep problems, and unemployment remained significantly associated with diminished subjective response to SSRIs. LIMITATIONS This was an exploratory analysis of data collected at a single time point, for a study which had a different primary aim. Therefore, the results may not reflect causal relationships, and require validation in future prospective studies. Furthermore, the data were self-reported by internet users, which could affect integrity of the dataset and limit generalisability of the results. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that demographic, personality, and symptom data may offer a potential cost-effective and efficient framework for SSRI treatment outcome prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Benacek
- Cambridge Centre for Neuropsychiatric Research, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nayra A Martin-Key
- Cambridge Centre for Neuropsychiatric Research, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Sung Yeon Sarah Han
- Cambridge Centre for Neuropsychiatric Research, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tony Olmert
- Cambridge Centre for Neuropsychiatric Research, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jason D Cooper
- Cambridge Centre for Neuropsychiatric Research, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pawel Eljasz
- Cambridge Centre for Neuropsychiatric Research, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Jakub Tomasik
- Cambridge Centre for Neuropsychiatric Research, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK.
| | - Sabine Bahn
- Cambridge Centre for Neuropsychiatric Research, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Psyomics Ltd., Cambridge, UK; Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK.
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31
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Császár N, Scholkmann F, Bókkon I. Implications on hypnotherapy: Neuroplasticity, epigenetics and pain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:755-764. [PMID: 34619172 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We provide a brief review about the significance of hypnosis with respect to applications and physiological processes in hypnotherapy. Our review concludes that hypnosis is a promising method to manage acute and chronic pain. In addition, we discuss indications pointing toward the view that hypnosis can induce changes in neuroplasticity possibly involving epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Császár
- National University of Public Services, Budapest, Hungary; Psychosomatic Outpatient Clinics, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - F Scholkmann
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - I Bókkon
- Psychosomatic Outpatient Clinics, Budapest, Hungary; Vision Research Institute, Neuroscience and Consciousness Research Department, Lowell, MA, USA.
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32
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Stein DJ, Craske MG, Rothbaum BO, Chamberlain SR, Fineberg NA, Choi KW, de Jonge P, Baldwin DS, Maj M. The clinical characterization of the adult patient with an anxiety or related disorder aimed at personalization of management. World Psychiatry 2021; 20:336-356. [PMID: 34505377 PMCID: PMC8429350 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical construct of "anxiety neurosis" was broad and poorly defined, so that the delineation of specific anxiety disorders in the DSM-III was an important advance. However, anxiety and related disorders are not only frequently comorbid, but each is also quite heterogeneous; thus diagnostic manuals provide only a first step towards formulating a management plan, and the development of additional decision support tools for the treatment of anxiety conditions is needed. This paper aims to describe systematically important domains that are relevant to the personalization of management of anxiety and related disorders in adults. For each domain, we summarize the available research evidence and review the relevant assessment instruments, paying special attention to their suitability for use in routine clinical practice. We emphasize areas where the available evidence allows the clinician to personalize the management of anxiety conditions, and we point out key unmet needs. Overall, the evidence suggests that we are becoming able to move from simply recommending that anxiety and related disorders be treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, cognitive-behavioral therapy, or their combination, to a more complex approach which emphasizes that the clinician has a broadening array of management modalities available, and that the treatment of anxiety and related disorders can already be personalized in a number of important respects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan J Stein
- South African Medical Research Council Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michelle G Craske
- Department of Psychology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Samuel R Chamberlain
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, and Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Naomi A Fineberg
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, and Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Hatfield, UK
- University of Cambridge Clinical Medical School, Cambridge, UK
| | - Karmel W Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter de Jonge
- Developmental Psychology, Department of Psychology, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - David S Baldwin
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, and Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Mario Maj
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Altinok DCA, Rajkumar R, Nießen D, Sbaihat H, Kersey M, Shah NJ, Veselinović T, Neuner I. Common neurobiological correlates of resilience and personality traits within the triple resting-state brain networks assessed by 7-Tesla ultra-high field MRI. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11564. [PMID: 34079001 PMCID: PMC8172832 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91056-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous studies investigating resilience and personality trials, a paucity of information regarding their neurobiological commonalities at the level of the large resting-state networks (rsNWs) remains. Here we address this topic using the advantages of ultra-high-field (UHF) 7T-MRI, characterized by higher signal-to-noise ratio and increased sensitivity. The association between resilience, personality traits and three fMRI measures (fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF), degree centrality (DC) and regional homogeneity (ReHo)) determined for three core rsNWs (default mode (DMN), salience (SN), and central executive network (CEN)) were examined in 32 healthy volunteers. The investigation revealed a significant role of SN in both resilience and personality traits and a tight association of the DMN with resilience. DC in CEN emerged as a significant moderator for the correlations of resilience with the personality traits of neuroticism and extraversion. Our results indicate that the common neurobiological basis of resilience and the Big Five personality traits may be reflected at the level of the core rsNWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilsa Cemre Akkoc Altinok
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ravichandran Rajkumar
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- JARA - BRAIN - Translational Medicine, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dominik Nießen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Hasan Sbaihat
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Medical Imaging, Arab-American University Palestine, AAUP, Jenin, Palestine
| | - Margo Kersey
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - N Jon Shah
- JARA - BRAIN - Translational Medicine, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 11, INM-11, JARA, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tanja Veselinović
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Irene Neuner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- JARA - BRAIN - Translational Medicine, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany.
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Sui W, Gong X, Zhuang Y. The mediating role of regulatory emotional self-efficacy on negative emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2021; 30:759-771. [PMID: 33586868 PMCID: PMC8013741 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nurses exposed to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are psychologically stressed. This study examines the characteristics and distribution of negative emotions among Chinese nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic and explores regulatory emotional self-efficacy (RESE) as the underlying mechanism in the relationship between nurses' personalities and negative emotions. A cross-sectional design with convenience sampling was utilized. Three comprehensive tertiary hospitals located in China were selected. Nurses (n = 339) who cared for COVID-19 patients were enrolled. Recruitment was conducted between 14 February 2020 and 1 March 2020. Self-reported questionnaires about personality, RESE, and epidemic-related negative emotions were completed online. A correlation analysis, structural equation modelling, and the bootstrapping method were used to analyse the data. This study identified a 24.9% incidence of negative emotions in nurses. RESE was a significant mediator explaining the effect of personality on epidemic-related negative emotions. RESE mediated the effect of introversion-extroversion on depression (β = -0.151, P = 0.015), neuroticism (β = -0.182, P = 0.007), fear (β = -0.142, P = 0.006), anxiety (β = -0.189, P = 0.015), and hypochondria (β = -0.118, P = 0.010); it also mediated the effect of neuroticism on depression (β = 0.313, P = 0.002), neuroticism (β = 0.394, P = 0.003), fear (β = 0.345, P = 0.005), anxiety (β = 0.384, P = 0.003), and hypochondria (β = 0.259, P = 0.004). Nurses caring for COVID-19 patients displayed negative emotions, particularly emotionally unstable and introverted nurses with a low RESE level. RESE is often essential for interventions because it significantly influences the relationship between personality and negative emotions. In the event of a major outbreak, tailored psychological well-being education, which includes emotional self-efficacy strategies, should be provided by organizations to help nurses manage stress related to the outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Sui
- Nursing Department, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gong
- Nursing Department, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China, China
| | - Yiyu Zhuang
- Nursing Department, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China, China
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35
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Zhu Z, Guo M, Dong T, Han S, Hu Y, Wu B. Assessing psychological symptom networks related to HIV-positive duration among people living with HIV: a network analysis. AIDS Care 2021; 34:725-733. [PMID: 34043459 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2021.1929815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to explore and visualize relationships among multiple psychological symptoms among people living with HIV (PLWH) with different HIV-positive durations and to compare centrality indices and densities of psychological symptom networks. We used subsets of data collected from five designated HIV/AIDS hospitals in China. Networks were constructed among 16 psychological symptoms. Centrality properties, including strength and closeness, were adopted to describe relationships among symptoms. The results showed that PLWH with longer HIV-positive durations had denser emotional networks, which indicated that they had more emotional neuroticism than their newly diagnosed counterparts. Sadness, self-abasement, and self-loathing were the most central psychological symptoms across different HIV-positive durations. Our study suggests the need to provide psychosocial support services targeting PLWH according to changing symptom severity and neuroticism trajectories. Interventions should focus on increasing empathy for PLWH and enhancing the ability to consider the situation from different perspectives to avoid the development of neuroticism in long-term survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhu
- School of Nursing, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Fudan University Centre for Evidence-based Nursing: A Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengdi Guo
- School of Government and Public Affairs, Communication University of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingyue Dong
- Beijing Administration Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyu Han
- School of Nursing, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Fudan University Centre for Evidence-based Nursing: A Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Hu
- School of Nursing, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Fudan University Centre for Evidence-based Nursing: A Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Wu
- NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York City, New York, USA
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36
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Satchell LP, Kaaronen RO, Latzman RD. An ecological approach to personality: Psychological traits as drivers and consequences of active perception. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roope Oskari Kaaronen
- Faculty of Social Sciences Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Robert D. Latzman
- Department of Psychology Georgia State University Atlanta Georgia USA
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37
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Zemestani M, Babamiri M, Griffiths MD, Didehban R. DSM-5 pathological personality domains as vulnerability factors in predicting COVID-19-related anxiety symptoms. J Addict Dis 2021; 39:450-458. [PMID: 33691610 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2021.1889752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, individuals worldwide have shown different anxiety-related reactions. Several vulnerability factors may play a role in individuals' psychological reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic. Such factors include pathological personality traits which have been shown to contribute to the development of anxiety-related conditions. Consequently, the present study investigated the relationships between DSM-5 pathological personality domains and COVID-19-related anxiety symptoms. Using an online data portal, the relationships between DSM-5 pathological personality domains and COVID-19-related anxiety symptoms among a mixed university student and community sample (N = 612) were studied. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between all DSM-5 pathological personality domains and COVID-19-related anxiety. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that DSM-5 pathological personality domains explained 21% of COVID-19-related anxiety variance. Based on standardized coefficients, the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) negative affect domain had the main role in COVID-19-related anxiety. The findings suggest that pathological personality domains can be predictors in the symptoms of anxiety in a viral outbreak. The novel findings add to the literature on individual differences in domains of personality in response to pandemic situations. Implications for future clinical applications and research investigations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Zemestani
- Department of Psychology, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Babamiri
- Health Sciences Research Center, Department of Ergonomics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Reza Didehban
- Department of Psychology, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
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38
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Zhang D, Huebner ES, Tian L. Neuroticism and cyberbullying among elementary school students: A latent growth curve modeling approach. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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39
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Petkus AJ, Wang X, Beavers DP, Chui HC, Espeland MA, Gatz M, Gruenewald T, Kaufman JD, Manson JE, Resnick SM, Stewart JD, Wellenius GA, Whitsel EA, Widaman K, Younan D, Chen JC. Outdoor air pollution exposure and inter-relation of global cognitive performance and emotional distress in older women. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 271:116282. [PMID: 33385889 PMCID: PMC8017598 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The interrelationships among long-term ambient air pollution exposure, emotional distress and cognitive decline in older adulthood remain unclear. Long-term exposure may impact cognitive performance and subsequently impact emotional health. Conversely, exposure may initially be associated with emotional distress followed by declines in cognitive performance. Here we tested the inter-relationship between global cognitive ability, emotional distress, and exposure to PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm) and NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) in 6118 older women (aged 70.6 ± 3.8 years) from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. Annual exposure to PM2.5 (interquartile range [IQR] = 3.37 μg/m3) and NO2 (IQR = 9.00 ppb) was estimated at the participant's residence using regionalized national universal kriging models and averaged over the 3-year period before the baseline assessment. Using structural equation mediation models, a latent factor capturing emotional distress was constructed using item-level data from the 6-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale and the Short Form Health Survey Emotional Well-Being scale at baseline and one-year follow-up. Trajectories of global cognitive performance, assessed by the Modified-Mini Mental State Examination (3MS) annually up to 12 years, were estimated. All effects reported were adjusted for important confounders. Increases in PM2.5 (β = -0.144 per IQR; 95% CI = -0.261; -0.028) and NO2 (β = -0.157 per IQR; 95% CI = -0.291; -0.022) were associated with lower initial 3MS performance. Lower 3MS performance was associated with increased emotional distress (β = -0.008; 95% CI = -0.015; -0.002) over the subsequent year. Significant indirect effect of both exposures on increases in emotional distress mediated by exposure effects on worse global cognitive performance were present. No statistically significant indirect associations were found between exposures and 3MS trajectories putatively mediated by baseline emotional distress. Our study findings support cognitive aging processes as a mediator of the association between PM2.5 and NO2 exposure and emotional distress in later-life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xinhui Wang
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | | | - Helena C Chui
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | | | - Margaret Gatz
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | | | | | - JoAnn E Manson
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Keith Widaman
- University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
| | - Diana Younan
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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40
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Kotov R, Krueger RF, Watson D, Cicero DC, Conway CC, DeYoung CG, Eaton NR, Forbes MK, Hallquist MN, Latzman RD, Mullins-Sweatt SN, Ruggero CJ, Simms LJ, Waldman ID, Waszczuk MA, Wright AGC. The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): A Quantitative Nosology Based on Consensus of Evidence. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2021; 17:83-108. [PMID: 33577350 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-093304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Traditional diagnostic systems went beyond empirical evidence on the structure of mental health. Consequently, these diagnoses do not depict psychopathology accurately, and their validity in research and utility in clinicalpractice are therefore limited. The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) consortium proposed a model based on structural evidence. It addresses problems of diagnostic heterogeneity, comorbidity, and unreliability. We review the HiTOP model, supporting evidence, and conceptualization of psychopathology in this hierarchical dimensional framework. The system is not yet comprehensive, and we describe the processes for improving and expanding it. We summarize data on the ability of HiTOP to predict and explain etiology (genetic, environmental, and neurobiological), risk factors, outcomes, and treatment response. We describe progress in the development of HiTOP-based measures and in clinical implementation of the system. Finally, we review outstanding challenges and the research agenda. HiTOP is of practical utility already, and its ongoing development will produce a transformative map of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Kotov
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA;
| | - Robert F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - David Watson
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - David C Cicero
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, USA
| | | | - Colin G DeYoung
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Nicholas R Eaton
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA;
| | - Miriam K Forbes
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Michael N Hallquist
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Robert D Latzman
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | | | - Camilo J Ruggero
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, USA
| | - Leonard J Simms
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - Irwin D Waldman
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Monika A Waszczuk
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, USA
| | - Aidan G C Wright
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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41
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Osma J, Peris-Baquero O, Suso-Ribera C, Sauer-Zavala S, Barlow DH. Predicting and Moderating the Response to the Unified Protocol: Do Baseline Personality and Affective Profiles Matter? COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-021-10208-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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42
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Blonigen DM, Macia KS. Personality change during substance use disorder treatment is associated with improvements in abstinence self-efficacy post-treatment among U.S. military veterans. J Subst Abuse Treat 2020; 120:108187. [PMID: 33298306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Prior research suggests that personality traits change during substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. However, the extent to which changes in traits during SUD treatment are associated with subsequent improvements in treatment outcomes remains untested. Among U.S. military veterans (n = 200) enrolled in SUD residential treatment, we examined whether changes in the personality factors of positive emotionality (PEM), negative emotionality (NEM), and constraint (CON) during treatment were associated with subsequent changes in abstinence self-efficacy and SUD symptoms. We analyzed data at treatment entry, discharge, and 12-months post-discharge via univariate and bivariate latent change score models. During treatment, PEM, CON, and abstinence self-efficacy increased, while NEM decreased, on average. Changes in NEM and CON were largely sustained, whereas PEM and abstinence self-efficacy significantly decreased post-treatment. SUD symptoms decreased from pre- to post-treatment. In bivariate models, higher levels of NEM at baseline were associated with less improvement in both abstinence self-efficacy during treatment and SUD symptoms pre- to post-treatment. Higher levels of CON at baseline were associated with greater improvement in SUD symptoms pre- to post-treatment, and increases in CON during treatment were associated with greater retention of treatment gains in abstinence self-efficacy post-treatment. Greater improvements in CON during treatment were also associated with greater improvements in SUD symptoms pre- to post-treatment in unadjusted (p = 0.041) but not adjusted models (p = 0.089). Our findings suggest that personality changes marked by improvements in impulse control over the course of SUD treatment may be linked to subsequent improvements in treatment outcomes and may have value as a proximal treatment target among SUD patients during residential care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Blonigen
- HSR&D Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 795 Willow Road (152-MPD), Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; Stanford University School of Medicine, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Palo Alto University, 1791 Arastradero Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Kathryn S Macia
- Stanford University School of Medicine, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; National Center for PTSD, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 795 Willow Road (334-NCPTSD), Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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43
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Zhang D, Huebner ES, Tian L. Longitudinal associations among neuroticism, depression, and cyberbullying in early adolescents. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Van den Bergh O, Brosschot J, Critchley H, Thayer JF, Ottaviani C. Better Safe Than Sorry: A Common Signature of General Vulnerability for Psychopathology. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2020; 16:225-246. [DOI: 10.1177/1745691620950690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several labels, such as neuroticism, negative emotionality, and dispositional negativity, indicate a broad dimension of psychopathology. However, largely separate, often disorder-specific research lines have developed that focus on different cognitive and affective characteristics that are associated with this dimension, such as perseverative cognition (worry, rumination), reduced autobiographical memory specificity, compromised fear learning, and enhanced somatic-symptom reporting. In this article, we present a theoretical perspective within a predictive-processing framework in which we trace these phenotypically different characteristics back to a common underlying “better-safe-than-sorry” processing strategy. This implies information processing that tends to be low in sensory-perceptual detail, which allows threat-related categorical priors to dominate conscious experience and for chronic uncertainty/surprise because of a stagnated error-reduction process. This common information-processing strategy has beneficial effects in the short term but important costs in the long term. From this perspective, we suggest that the phenomenally distinct cognitive and affective psychopathological characteristics mentioned above represent the same basic processing heuristic of the brain and are only different in relation to the particular type of information involved (e.g., in working memory, in autobiographical memory, in the external and internal world). Clinical implications of this view are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jos Brosschot
- Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University
| | - Hugo Critchley
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex
| | - Julian F. Thayer
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine
| | - Cristina Ottaviani
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome
- Laboratorio di Neuroimmagini Funzionali, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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Maj M, Stein DJ, Parker G, Zimmerman M, Fava GA, De Hert M, Demyttenaere K, McIntyre RS, Widiger T, Wittchen HU. The clinical characterization of the adult patient with depression aimed at personalization of management. World Psychiatry 2020; 19:269-293. [PMID: 32931110 PMCID: PMC7491646 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is widely acknowledged to be a heterogeneous entity, and the need to further characterize the individual patient who has received this diagnosis in order to personalize the management plan has been repeatedly emphasized. However, the research evidence that should guide this personalization is at present fragmentary, and the selection of treatment is usually based on the clinician's and/or the patient's preference and on safety issues, in a trial-and-error fashion, paying little attention to the particular features of the specific case. This may be one of the reasons why the majority of patients with a diagnosis of depression do not achieve remission with the first treatment they receive. The predominant pessimism about the actual feasibility of the personalization of treatment of depression in routine clinical practice has recently been tempered by some secondary analyses of databases from clinical trials, using approaches such as individual patient data meta-analysis and machine learning, which indicate that some variables may indeed contribute to the identification of patients who are likely to respond differently to various antidepressant drugs or to antidepressant medication vs. specific psychotherapies. The need to develop decision support tools guiding the personalization of treatment of depression has been recently reaffirmed, and the point made that these tools should be developed through large observational studies using a comprehensive battery of self-report and clinical measures. The present paper aims to describe systematically the salient domains that should be considered in this effort to personalize depression treatment. For each domain, the available research evidence is summarized, and the relevant assessment instruments are reviewed, with special attention to their suitability for use in routine clinical practice, also in view of their possible inclusion in the above-mentioned comprehensive battery of measures. The main unmet needs that research should address in this area are emphasized. Where the available evidence allows providing the clinician with specific advice that can already be used today to make the management of depression more personalized, this advice is highlighted. Indeed, some sections of the paper, such as those on neurocognition and on physical comorbidities, indicate that the modern management of depression is becoming increasingly complex, with several components other than simply the choice of an antidepressant and/or a psychotherapy, some of which can already be reliably personalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Maj
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Dan J Stein
- South African Medical Research Council Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gordon Parker
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Zimmerman
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University School of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Giovanni A Fava
- Department of Psychiatry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Marc De Hert
- University Psychiatric Centre KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
- KU Leuven Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Demyttenaere
- University Psychiatric Centre, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Thomas Widiger
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Hans-Ulrich Wittchen
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilans Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
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46
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Abstract
An important advance in understanding and defining mental disorders has been the development of empirical approaches to mapping dimensions of dysfunction and their interrelatedness. Such empirical approaches have consistently observed intercorrelations among the many forms of psychopathology, leading to the identification of a general factor of psychopathology (the p factor). In this article, we review empirical support for p, including evidence for the stability and criterion validity of p. Further, we discuss the strong relationship between p and both the general factor of personality and the general factor of personality disorder, substantive interpretations of p, and the potential clinical utility of p. We posit that proposed substantive interpretations of p do not explain the full range of symptomatology typically included in p. The most plausible explanation is that p represents an index of impairment that has the potential to inform the duration and intensity of a client's mental health treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory T Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA; , , , ,
| | - Emily A Atkinson
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA; , , , ,
| | - Heather A Davis
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA; , , , ,
| | - Elizabeth N Riley
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA; , , , ,
| | - Joshua R Oltmanns
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA; , , , ,
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Mullins-Sweatt SN, Hopwood CJ, Chmielewski M, Meyer NA, Min J, Helle AC, Walgren MD. Treatment of personality pathology through the lens of the hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology: Developing a research agenda. Personal Ment Health 2020; 14:123-141. [PMID: 31364820 PMCID: PMC7053295 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the emphasis on evidence-based treatment for psychological disorders, to date, there has been limited research examining treatment for nine of the 10 categorical personality disorders in DSM-5 Section 2. This is perhaps not surprising given the complex heterogeneity and co-morbidity within personality pathology. The hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology (HiTOP) was proposed to address limitations within the traditional categorical model of the diagnostic system. Within this system are five spectra: detachment, antagonistic externalizing, disinhibited externalizing, thought disorder and internalizing. These foundational personality traits potentially have direct and specific treatment implications. The purpose of this paper is to highlight potential psychotherapeutic and pharmacological treatment recommendations within the personality spectra. Additionally, we outline the advantages of considering the personality science found within dimensional models of psychopathology in clinical assessment and intervention to aid in treatment planning. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Neil A Meyer
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Jiwon Min
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Ashley C Helle
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Maggie D Walgren
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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Southward MW, Sauer-Zavala S. Experimental Manipulations to Test Theory-Driven Mechanisms of Cognitive Behavior Therapy. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:603009. [PMID: 33391056 PMCID: PMC7773689 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.603009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of randomized-controlled trials demonstrating the efficacy of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT), the mechanisms by which CBT achieves its effects remain unclear. Here, we describe how one adaptive intervention, the sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART), can be used to randomize patients at multiple decision points in treatment to draw stronger causal claims about mechanisms unfolding in the course of CBT. We illustrate this design using preliminary data and case examples from an ongoing SMART in which we are testing the role of aversive reactions to negative emotions as a hypothesized mechanism of change in the Unified Protocol. Finally, we address common concerns with SMARTs and highlight how mechanistic research serves to personalize and optimize the delivery of CBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Southward
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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Atkinson EA, Ortiz AML, Smith GT. Affective Risk for Problem Drinking: Reciprocal Influences Among Negative Urgency, Affective Lability, and Rumination. Curr Drug Res Rev 2020; 12:42-51. [PMID: 31736451 DOI: 10.2174/2589977511666191021105154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Affective disturbances have long been implicated in the onset and maintenance of problematic alcohol use. Affective risk theory for problem drinking has moved beyond early documentation that negative affect broadly confers risk to models specifying specific affectbased risk processes. OBJECTIVE This paper provides a theory-driven review of recent literature on the role of affect-based factors in the etiology of problematic alcohol use. First, we review recent advances in the understanding of affect-based risk for problem drinking. Second, we highlight the importance of three specific affect-based risk factors: urgency, affective lability, and rumination. Third, we offer hypotheses regarding the reciprocal relationships between specific risk factors and drinking problems. Finally, we suggest possible avenues for future research. CONCLUSION Recent advances in the understanding of reciprocal prediction between affect-based risk factors and problem drinking have set the stage for important new avenues of investigation into the risk process. Affect-based risk processes appear to influence each otherover time, and they influence and are influenced by problem drinking. Further understanding of these processes will pave the way for a new generation of intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Atkinson
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY, 40506, Kentucky, United States
| | - Anna M L Ortiz
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY, 40506, Kentucky, United States
| | - Gregory T Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY, 40506, Kentucky, United States
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Crego
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
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