1
|
Sirotiak Z, Thomas EBK, Wade NG, Brellenthin AG. Associations between forgiveness and physical and mental health in the context of long COVID. J Psychosom Res 2024; 178:111612. [PMID: 38367371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Forgiveness has been positively associated with health in those with functional disorders. This cross-sectional study examined the relationships among dimensions of forgiveness and physical and mental health in individuals with and without long COVID. METHODS Adults (N = 4316) in the United States took part in an online survey study detailing long COVID presence, physical and mental health, and trait forgiveness. T-tests were performed to assess differences in types of trait forgiveness between individuals with and without long COVID. Linear regression models assessed the contribution of demographic covariates and forgiveness subscales to the physical and mental health of individuals with and without long COVID. RESULTS Of 4316 participants, 379 (8.8%) reported current long COVID. Participants were an average age of 43.7, and most identified as female (51.9%), white (87.8%), and non-Hispanic/Latino (86.6%). Individuals with long COVID reported significantly less forgiveness of self (p < 0.001, d = 0.33), forgiveness of others (p = 0.004, d = 0.16), and forgiveness of situations (p < 0.001, d = 0.34) than those without long COVID. Among the long COVID sample, forgiveness of self and situations were positively associated with mental health (p < 0.05), but not physical health (p > 0.05). Forgiveness of others was negatively associated with both physical and mental health (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Forgiveness may be an important consideration in understanding health among individuals with long COVID, emphasizing the importance of developing a multifaceted understanding of the condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Sirotiak
- Iowa State University, Department of Kinesiology, USA; University of Iowa, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, USA
| | - Emily B K Thomas
- University of Iowa, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tsur N, Talmon A, Shemesh N. Peritraumatic Pain in Child Maltreatment: A Systematic Literature Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023:15248380231194069. [PMID: 37655587 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231194069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Extensive research has been conducted on the link between trauma, child maltreatment (CM), and chronic pain. Although the risk of suffering from chronic pain among CM survivors has been established, much less is known about the experience of pain during CM incidents or whether such peritraumatic pain sensations are associated with later chronic pain. This scoping review was conducted to synthesize the existing literature on pain during and a short time following CM (i.e., peritraumatic pain). Utilizing the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines, the current review included 11 manuscripts, which met the following criteria: (a) refer to physical pain experienced during or a short time after CM, (b) were published in peer-reviewed journals, and (c) were written in English. The review demonstrated that most of the included studies were not intentionally focused on peritraumatic pain, the majority used qualitative research methods, and all were cross-sectional. Furthermore, although validated questionnaires are available, most of the studies did not utilize such measures. Those that intentionally reported pain demonstrated its high intensity and prevalence in CM incidents, indicating that pain is inherently embedded in the experience of maltreatment. The findings spotlight an underdeveloped research realm on a phenomenon that may hold significant empirical, clinical, and legal implications. Research endeavors should initiate interdisciplinary bodies of knowledge to establish well-validated research methodologies that properly quantify peritraumatic pain in trauma and CM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noga Tsur
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dikmen HA, Çankaya S. The effects of exposure to physical and emotional violence from partners on psychological resilience, forgiveness, happiness, life satisfaction, and depression level in Turkish women. Dev Psychobiol 2023; 65:e22389. [PMID: 37073585 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
The data of this descriptive and correlational study were collected from 583 women between October 2021 and December 2021 with information form, Brief Resilience Scale, Oxford Happiness Scale-Short Form, Epidemiological Research Center Depression Scale, Heartland Forgiveness Scale, and Life Satisfaction Scale. There is a statistically significant difference between the resilience, happiness, and life satisfaction levels of women exposed to physical violence from their partners and the presence of depression (p < .001). A statistically significant difference was found between the presence of depression and resilience, happiness, and life satisfaction (p < .001) and forgiveness (p = .004) in women who were exposed to emotional violence from their partners. While resilience, happiness, and life satisfaction levels decreased in women who were exposed to physical violence from their partners, the incidence of depression increased. While the presence of depression increased in women who were exposed to emotional violence from their partners, the level of resilience, happiness, life satisfaction, and forgiveness decreased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hacer Alan Dikmen
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences Selcuk University Konya Turkey
| | - Seyhan Çankaya
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences Selcuk University Konya Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Winterstein TB, Avieli H, Gichaz M. Recovering the Lost Soul: Older Women's Reflections on Past Intrafamilial Child Sexual Abuse. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 33:426-439. [PMID: 36882288 DOI: 10.1177/10497323231159802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Intrafamilial child sexual abuse (IFCSA) is a social problem with longstanding effects on victims' lives. While scholarly literature has focused on the adverse aftermath of sexual abuse, only a few studies have acknowledged older women's perspectives on their experience of IFCSA and their journey of healing and recovery. The aim of the present study was to explore how older survivors of IFCSA construct and shape their experience of healing in later life and the meaning they assign to this process. Narrative inquiry was selected to explore the narratives of 11 older women survivors of IFCSA. Participants were interviewed using a biographical narrative interviewing method. The narratives were then transcribed and analyzed using thematic, structural, and performance analyses. Four major themes emerged from the participants' narratives: Achieving closure; Spiritual framing of IFCSA as a platform for self-growth; Becoming whole in old age; and Looking to the future after IFCSA. During the aging years, IFCSA survivors may redefine their identity and their place in the world. Using life review processes, older women in this study were striving to heal and reconcile with their past.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hila Avieli
- Department of Criminology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Mili Gichaz
- Department of Gerontogy, University of Haifa, Ariel, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim JJ, Payne ES, Tracy EL. Indirect Effects of Forgiveness on Psychological Health Through Anger and Hope: A Parallel Mediation Analysis. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2022; 61:3729-3746. [PMID: 35190955 PMCID: PMC10120569 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-022-01518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Forgiveness often discussed as a religious idea is also a popular topic in psychology. Empirical studies have shown that forgiveness decreases anger, anxiety, and depression and increases self-esteem and hopefulness for the future. However, research on the relationship between various outcomes of forgiveness is scarce. Thus, we aimed at examining the mediating roles of anger and hope in the relationship between forgiveness and psychological health outcomes. A sample of college students from a large non-profit university (N = 202) filled out self-report measures on forgiveness, anger, anxiety, depression, hope, and self-esteem. A parallel mediation analysis examining the role of anger and hope in the forgiveness-psychological health link was conducted. Results supported the indirect effect of forgiveness on psychological health through anger and hope, and the two mediators had a comparable size of magnitude. Implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jichan J Kim
- Department of Psychology, Liberty University, Lynchburg, USA.
| | - Erika S Payne
- Department of Counselor Education and Family Studies, Liberty University, Lynchburg, USA
| | - Eunjin Lee Tracy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Stone BM. The Pathogenesis of Borderline Personality Disorder: Evolution of Evidence and Treatment Implications for Two Prominent Models. Psychol Rep 2022:332941221127618. [PMID: 36112891 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221127618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Since Stern first started his work in 1938, the field has recognized several empirically supported models of the etiology of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Two such models are the Tripartite Model of the Development of BPD and the Biosocial Development Model of BPD. The Tripartite Model of the Development of BPD suggests that it is a combination of a hyperbolic temperament, traumatic childhood experiences, and an event or series of events that trigger the onset of BPD. Whereas the Biosocial Development Model of BPD elaborates on the work of Linehan's Biosocial Theory. This model suggests a combination of an emotionally vulnerable temperament and an invalidating environment cause BPD. Over 70 years of research support these models. This article covers a detailed description of each of these models, the decades of research supporting these models, similarities, differences, treatment implications, the latest research, and future directions.
Collapse
|
7
|
Braunwalder C, Müller R, Glisic M, Fekete C. Are positive psychology interventions efficacious in chronic pain treatment? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PAIN MEDICINE 2021; 23:122-136. [PMID: 34347095 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnab247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although positive psychology interventions are increasingly popular in chronic pain treatment their efficacy is still unclear. The objective is to summarize evidence on the effect of positive psychology interventions (PPIs) on pain, physical functioning, and emotional functioning in adults with chronic pain. METHODS Four electronic databases and additional references were searched for randomized controlled trials published between 1990 and 2020. Findings from included studies were qualitatively and quantitatively synthesized, and study quality was assessed for risk of bias. A random effects meta-analysis model was applied for outcomes with more than four findings. RESULTS Of 16 included randomized controlled trials, almost half delivered positive psychology interventions as self-help online interventions, and half conducted guided face-to-face interventions which lasted mostly eight weeks. Results from meta-analysis showed beneficial effects of positive psychology interventions compared to the control group on pain intensity and emotional functioning (i.e., less depressive symptoms, pain catastrophizing, negative affect; more positive affect) post-intervention. At 3-month follow-up, beneficial effects were maintained for depressive symptoms and positive and negative affect, but not for pain catastrophizing. However, the evidence on the long-term efficacy of PPIs and the efficacy of PPIs on physical functioning remains limited. CONCLUSION This review supports the notion that positive psychology interventions are beneficial to chronic pain treatment, although further, high quality research is needed to support this conclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Braunwalder
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland.,Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Müller
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland.,Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Marija Glisic
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland.,Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christine Fekete
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland.,Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yu L, Gambaro M, Song JY, Teslik M, Song M, Komoski MC, Wollner B, Enright RD. Forgiveness therapy in a maximum-security correctional institution: A randomized clinical trial. Clin Psychol Psychother 2021; 28:1457-1471. [PMID: 33709484 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Forgiveness Therapy is proposed as a novel approach to rehabilitation for men in a maximum-security correctional institution to alleviate psychological compromises. METHOD In a two-tiered study, volunteer participants within a correctional institution (N = 103) were asked to report past experiences of abuse and unjust treatment prior to their first crime and were measured on anger, anxiety, depression, hope and forgiveness. Twenty four of the most clinically compromised participants were selected from this initial assessment, with pairs first matched on certain characteristics and then randomly assigned to either experimental or control group interventions followed by a cross-over design (N = 9 in each group at the study's end). Experimental participants received 24 weeks of Forgiveness Therapy. Control group participants received 24 weeks of an alternative treatment followed by Forgiveness Therapy. Dependent variables included anger, anxiety, depression, forgiveness, hope, self-esteem and empathy. RESULTS Ninety percent of 103 participants reported moderate to severe abuse in childhood or adolescence. Data showed an inverse relationship between forgiveness and anger, anxiety and depression. In the Forgiveness Therapy, anger, anxiety, depression, empathy and forgiveness were statistically significant favouring both experimental groups. These results remained at the 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Forgiveness Therapy is shown to be effective for correctional rehabilitation in healing clinical psychological compromise and in promoting positive psychological well-being in men within a maximum-security facility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lifan Yu
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mengjiao Song
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mary Cate Komoski
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Brooke Wollner
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Robert D Enright
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,International Forgiveness Institute, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Prieto-Ursúa M. Is It Possible to Forgive Child Sexual Abuse? Front Psychol 2021; 11:619597. [PMID: 33551932 PMCID: PMC7859423 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.619597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- María Prieto-Ursúa
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Pontificia Comillas de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Haroon Z, Iftikhar R, Kim JJ, Volk F, Enright RD. A randomized controlled trial of a forgiveness intervention program with female acid attack survivors in Pakistan. Clin Psychol Psychother 2021; 28:917-928. [PMID: 33386619 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Despite the traumatic effects of acid violence on its victims, treatment options are very limited. The present study was aimed at examining the efficacy of a forgiveness intervention with female survivors of acid attack violence in Pakistan. Female acid attack victims in Pakistan were randomized to either a forgiveness group (n = 8) or a treatment-as-usual (TAU; n = 8) control group. The forgiveness group received twice-a-week forgiveness sessions for 4 months, whereas the TAU group either received typical psychological treatment sessions for acid attack victims or no treatment. All participants were assessed on their levels of forgiveness, anger, anxiety, depression, and hope four times prior to the 4-month intervention period, twice after the intervention period, and once at the 1-year follow-up. Posttreatment, the forgiveness intervention group showed greater improvement in hope, anger, anxiety, and depression when compared with the TAU group. Upon further examinations, both groups improved on forgiveness from pretreatment to posttreatment, but the forgiveness group had a higher baseline. From pretreatment to the 12-month follow-up, the forgiveness group, when compared with the TAU group, showed greater improvement in all areas except for depression. This is the first study that examined the effects of a forgiveness intervention for acid attack victims in Pakistan. Results showing the improvement posttreatment as well as over a 1-year period posttreatment are encouraging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaineb Haroon
- Department of Psychology, Government College University, Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Iftikhar
- Department of Psychology, Government College University, Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jichan J Kim
- Department of Psychology, Liberty University, Lynchburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Fred Volk
- Department of Counselor Education and Family Studies, Liberty University, Virginia, USA
| | - Robert D Enright
- Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,International Forgiveness Institute, Inc, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Song MJ, Yu L, Enright RD. Trauma and healing in the underserved populations of homelessness and corrections: Forgiveness Therapy as an added component to intervention. Clin Psychol Psychother 2020; 28:694-714. [PMID: 33179387 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to begin applying the principles of the psychology of forgiveness to people who are without homes and people who are in prisons. A review of the literature shows trauma for both groups. When the trauma is caused by unjust treatment by others, then excessive anger can result, compromising one's psychological and physical health. We review the interventions that have been offered for those without homes and the imprisoned to examine which existing programmes address such anger. Forgiveness Therapy, although untried in these two settings, may be one beneficial approach for substantially reducing unhealthy anger. Forgiveness interventions have shown a cause-and-effect relationship between learning to forgive and overcoming psychological compromise such as strong resentment and clinical levels of anxiety and depression. The literature review here suggests that forgiveness therapy for those without homes and the imprisoned may be a new and important consideration for ameliorating anger and aiding in a changed life pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lifan Yu
- Department of Psychology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Robert D Enright
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
O'Beirne S, Katsimigos AM, Harmon D. Forgiveness and chronic pain: a systematic review. Ir J Med Sci 2020; 189:1359-1364. [PMID: 32125628 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-020-02200-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forgiveness is becoming increasingly recognized for its role in healthcare, having shown promising effects in patients suffering myriad diseases, from coronary artery disease to HIV to breast cancer. AIMS To review the current literature examining forgiveness and its relationship specifically to chronic pain. METHOD In July 2019, a search was carried out of electronic databases (Academic Search Complete, AMED, Biomedical Reference Collection, General Science, Medline, PsycArticles, PsycInfo, Social Sciences Full Text and SPORTDiscus). Further results were obtained from reference lists. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied using PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. RESULTS The initial search yielded 354 results, and after duplicates were removed and inclusion and exclusion criteria applied, the final result was seven papers to be reviewed. Of the seven papers reviewed, five showed a relationship between lower levels of forgiveness and either increased experience or decreased tolerance for pain. One paper showed higher levels of empathy improving pain levels and suggests that forgiveness could enhance this experience of empathy. One study resulted in a higher level of pain among patients with higher forgiveness scores, although it was qualified that this particular patient population had a higher attachment anxiety, which may have impeded their ability to utilize forgiveness therapy. CONCLUSIONS There is an association between the capacity to forgive and the experience of chronic pain. Further research should examine forgiveness as an intervention in a population of chronic pain patients to explore this relationship further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheena O'Beirne
- Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - Dominic Harmon
- Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland. .,Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Limerick University Hospital, Dooradoyle, Limerick, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kirlic N, Cohen ZP, Singh MK. Is There an Ace Up Our Sleeve? A Review of Interventions and Strategies for Addressing Behavioral and Neurobiological Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences in Youth. ADVERSITY AND RESILIENCE SCIENCE 2020; 1:5-28. [PMID: 34278327 PMCID: PMC8281391 DOI: 10.1007/s42844-020-00001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to early life adversity (ELA) is a major public health crisis posing as a significant risk of immediate and sustained mental and physical health consequences. While a remarkable body of knowledge has been amassed showing psychological, cognitive, social, developmental, and neurobiological consequences of ELA exposure, little has been done to improve the long-term mental and physical health outcomes for youth exposed to ELA. Furthermore, neurobiological processes underlying poor outcomes in this population have been largely left out of prevention and intervention target efforts. In this review, we first describe ELA-related alterations across psychological and neurobiological systems in children and adolescents. Next, we describe existing evidence-based interventions targeting ELA-related outcomes. We then turn to experimental studies examining individual differences in mechanistic functioning consequent to ELA exposure, and strategies that target these mechanisms and modulate disrupted functioning. Finally, we highlight areas of future research that may be promising in engaging behavioral and neurobiological targets through novel preventive interventions or augmentation of existing interventions, thereby reducing negative mental and physical health outcomes later in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Namik Kirlic
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK 74136, USA
| | - Zsofia P. Cohen
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 South Yale Ave., Tulsa, OK 74136, USA
| | - Manpreet K. Singh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tracy EL, Tracy CT, Kim JJ, Yang R, Kim E. Cascading effects of childhood abuse on physical health issues in later adulthood through trait anxiety and poor daily sleep quality. J Health Psychol 2020; 26:2342-2348. [PMID: 32114830 DOI: 10.1177/1359105320909876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating roles of trait anxiety and daily sleep quality between childhood abuse and physical health issues later in adulthood by utilizing the Midlife in the United States Study (n = 281; Mage = 56.38 in wave 2 and Mage = 62.57 in wave 3). Individuals who reported a higher level of childhood abuse reported a higher level of trait anxiety and a lower level of daily sleep quality, leading to an increase in physical health issues. The results highlight the cascading effects of childhood abuse on serious health consequences over the life span.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rumei Yang
- University of Utah, USA.,Nanjing Medical University, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Toussaint L, Sirois F, Hirsch J, Kohls N, Weber A, Schelling J, Vajda C, Offenbäecher M. Anger rumination mediates differences between fibromyalgia patients and healthy controls on mental health and quality of life. Personal Ment Health 2019; 13:119-133. [PMID: 31169367 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined differences between fibromyalgia patients and healthy controls on anger rumination, mental health and quality of life and tested anger rumination as a mediator of patient-control differences in mental health and quality of life. Participants were a propensity score-matched sample of 58 fibromyalgia patients and 58 healthy controls. Participants completed measures of anger rumination, depression and anxiety and quality of life. Patients were higher than controls on all anger rumination scales and depression and anxiety and lower on quality of life. All anger rumination scales were related to poorer mental health and quality of life. Patient-control differences on mental health and quality of life were mediated by anger rumination. In multiple mediator models, the only subscale with unique mediating effects was anger memories. Anger rumination has potent associations with mental health and quality of life, and differences between patients and controls on mental health and quality of life are partially mediated by differences in anger rumination. Addressing tendencies to ruminate on anger experiences in the care of fibromyalgia patients may offer an important avenue to improved health and quality of life. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fuschia Sirois
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jameson Hirsch
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Niko Kohls
- Department of Health Promotion, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Coburg, Coburg, Germany
| | - Annemarie Weber
- Department of Health Promotion, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Coburg, Coburg, Germany
| | - Joerg Schelling
- Institute for General Practice, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Vajda
- Department of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Offenbäecher
- Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, University Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany and Gasteiner Heilstollen Hospital, Bad Gastein-Böckstein, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lee YR, Enright RD. A meta-analysis of the association between forgiveness of others and physical health. Psychol Health 2019; 34:626-643. [PMID: 30669877 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2018.1554185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis tested the relation between forgiveness of others and physical health (PH) with age, gender, race, education level, employment status, sample type, research design, type of PH variables, and publication status as the potential moderators. DESIGN Eligible studies had participants with or without physical or mental health problems and had quantitative data on forgiveness of others and PH. The random-effects model was used to aggregate Fisher's z effect sizes, which were converted back to correlation coefficients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES State forgiveness (forgiving an offense or offender) measures, trait forgiveness (a disposition to forgive) measures and physical health measures were included in the meta-analysis. RESULTS A hundred and twenty-eight studies (N = 58,531) were retrieved, in which the mean effect sizes showed a significant positive relationship between forgiveness of others and PH (r = 0.14, p < 0.001, 95% CI [0.11, 0.17]). Further, no moderators showed a significant relation between forgiveness of others and PH. CONCLUSIONS The positive relation between forgiveness of others and PH was not affected by potential moderators. Because the results are correlational, more forgiveness interventions may be needed to examine the causal effect of the relation between forgiveness of others and PH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Rim Lee
- a Department of Teacher Education , Konkuk University , Seoul , Korea.,b Department of Education , Kookmin University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Robert D Enright
- c Department of Educational Psychology , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , WI , USA.,d International Forgiveness Institute, Inc. , Madison , Wisconsin , USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Forgiveness. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35868-2.00099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
18
|
|