1
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Wolf N. The role of the concept of solidarity for just distribution of bioethical goods in the international area. Bioethics 2024; 38:344-350. [PMID: 38367213 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
This analysis investigates whether solidarity is an appropriate concept for thinking about justifications for a just distribution of bioethical goods in the international arena. This will be explored by looking at the national origins of the idea of justifying solidarity in the form of the health care that welfare states offer. Following that, 'life' and 'health' will be placed within a philosophical context by focusing on the main arguments of John Rawls and Amartya Sen and the role of solidarity in these two theories of justice will be analysed. It will be shown that these theories assume that solidarity is not a prerequisite for just international structures. Finally, the possibility will be discussed, that there is a degree of uncertainty surrounding justifications for fair distribution in the international context that can result when the concepts of solidarity and justice are handled imprecisely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Wolf
- Hochschule Fresenius München-University of Applied Sciences, Munich, Germany
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2
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Schnitter JM, Hauser J. The Value of Screening for a History of Incarceration in the Palliative Care Setting. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2024; 41:468-470. [PMID: 38556759 DOI: 10.1177/10499091231186400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The United States (US) has one of the highest rates of incarceration in the world. Due to the aging of the US population as a whole and limited opportunities for early release, the proportion of older people in prison continues to rise. Some correctional health systems have adopted geriatric and palliative care principles to better care for this aging population, many of whom die in prison. However, not everyone who grows old in prison will die behind bars. In this article, we explore existing literature that highlights the unique physical, cognitive, and psychosocial challenges that formerly incarcerated patients face. We proceed to argue that palliative care providers should screen for a history of incarceration to identify and address the needs of this patient population. We also offer strategies to create a safe, welcoming environment to discuss past traumas related to these patients' time in prison.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua Hauser
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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3
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Ferreira A, Gotschall JW, Grant-Kels JM. Ethical concerns of direct-to-consumer genetic testing. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024; 90:1117-1118. [PMID: 37024050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alana Ferreira
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeromy W Gotschall
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut; Department of Dermatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
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4
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Correia I, Carvalho H, Otto K, Nudelman G. Justice perceptions and well-being: Belief in a just world is a personal resource and a coping resource. Br J Psychol 2024; 115:324-344. [PMID: 38049953 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Although the perception of justice is a core need of all individuals, the adaptive value of belief in a just world (BJW)-in everyday life and when facing severe distress-has been typically investigated in separate studies. In this article, we tested, in only one study, the possibility that BJW can be a personal resource and a coping resource. We analysed data from the European Social Survey comprised of random representative samples of 27 European countries (N = 24,776 participants). We considered distressing circumstances both at an individual level (health impairment and financial difficulty) and at a macroeconomic contextual level. The results showed that for people both facing and not facing financial or health-related distress, BJW was positively associated with well-being, supporting BJW as a personal resource. Furthermore, we found that the decrease of well-being of people facing distress, both at an individual level and at a contextual level, compared to people not facing distress, was lower for individuals with higher BJW than for individuals with lower BJW, supporting BJW as a coping resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Correia
- Iscte - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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5
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Räsänen J, Bengtson A, Cossette-Lefebvre H, Lippert-Rasmussen K. A critical take on procreative justice. Bioethics 2024; 38:367-374. [PMID: 38384173 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Herjeet Kaur Marway recently proposed the Principle of Procreative Justice, which says that reproducers have a strong moral obligation to avoid completing race and colour injustices through their selection choices. In this article, we analyze this principle and argue, appealing to a series of counterexamples, that some of the implications of Marway's Principle of Procreative Justice are difficult to accept. This casts doubt on whether the principle should be adopted. Also, we show that there are some more principled worries regarding Marway's idea of a strong pro tanto duty not to complete injustices through one's procreative choices. Nonetheless, we believe Marway's arguments point in the right general direction regarding duties and structural injustice. Thus, in the final part, we suggest a positive proposal on how it would be possible to respond to the cases we raise. More specifically, we explore the suggestion that agents have a pro tanto duty to participate in eliminating structural injustice. Importantly, this duty can be satisfied, not only in procreation choices but in multiple ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joona Räsänen
- Department of Philosophy, Contemporary History and Political Science, and Turku Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Andreas Bengtson
- CEPDISC-Centre for the Experimental-Philosophical Study of Discrimination, Department of Political Science, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hugo Cossette-Lefebvre
- CEPDISC-Centre for the Experimental-Philosophical Study of Discrimination, Department of Political Science, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen
- CEPDISC-Centre for the Experimental-Philosophical Study of Discrimination, Department of Political Science, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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6
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Abimbola S, van de Kamp J, Lariat J, Rathod L, Klipstein-Grobusch K, van der Graaf R, Bhakuni H. Unfair knowledge practices in global health: a realist synthesis. Health Policy Plan 2024:czae030. [PMID: 38642401 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czae030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Unfair knowledge practices easily beset our efforts to achieve health equity within and between countries. Enacted by people from a distance and from a position of power ('the centre') on behalf of and alongside people with less power ('the periphery'), these unfair practices have generated a complex literature of complaints across various axes of inequity. We identified a sample of this literature from 12 journals, and systematised it using the realist approach to explanation. We framed the outcome to be explained as 'manifestations of unfair knowledge practices'; their generative mechanisms as 'the reasoning of individuals or rationale of institutions'; and context that enable them as 'conditions that give knowledge practices their structure'. We identified four categories of unfair knowledge practices, each triggered by three mechanisms: 1. credibility deficit related to pose (mechanisms: 'the periphery's cultural knowledge, technical knowledge, and 'articulation' of knowledge do not matter); 2. credibility deficit related to gaze (mechanisms: 'the centre's learning needs, knowledge platforms, and scholarly standards must drive collective knowledge-making'); 3.interpretive marginalisation related to pose (mechanisms: 'the periphery's sensemaking of partnerships, problems, and social reality do not matter'); and 4. interpretive marginalisation related to gaze (mechanisms: 'the centre's learning needs, social sensitivities and status-preservation must drive collective sensemaking'). Together, six mutually overlapping, reinforcing and dependent categories of context influence all 12 mechanisms: mislabelling (the periphery as inferior); miseducation (on structural origins of disadvantage); under-representation (of the periphery on knowledge platforms); compounded spoils (enjoyed by the centre); under-governance (in making, changing, monitoring, enforcing, and applying rules for fair engagement); and colonial mentality (of/at the periphery). These context-mechanism-outcome links can inform efforts to redress unfair knowledge practices; investigations of unfair knowledge practices across disciplines and axes of inequity; and ethics guidelines for health system research and practice when working at a social or physical distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seye Abimbola
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Judith van de Kamp
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joni Lariat
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lekha Rathod
- Luxembourg Operational Research Unit, Médecins Sans Frontières, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rieke van der Graaf
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Himani Bhakuni
- York Law School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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7
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Hudson S, Muspratt-Tucker N, Kudsk-Iversen S. On the ethics of removing Entonox® from labour ward: beyond carbon dioxide equivalents and seeking justice for patients and the planet. Anaesthesia 2024. [PMID: 38606766 DOI: 10.1111/anae.16296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hudson
- Nuffield Department of Anaesthesia, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Nadia Muspratt-Tucker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Søren Kudsk-Iversen
- Nuffield Department of Anaesthesia, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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8
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Rudolfsson L, Hammond L, Björklund C. Rape Victims' Perceptions of Quality of Encounters With the Swedish Police. Violence Against Women 2024:10778012241243055. [PMID: 38584425 DOI: 10.1177/10778012241243055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
This study focused on raped women's perceptions of their encounters with Swedish police, with a specific focus on quality of encounters, trust, questions asked during police interviews, and perceptions of justice. One hundred and six rape victims, 74 of whom had reported to the police, answered a web-based questionnaire. Results show that where officers explained their line of questioning the perceived intrusiveness of the questioning was lower, as was the level of perceived victim-blaming. Higher quality police encounters were associated with higher trust in the legal system and in police work, and with higher levels of received justice. Findings highlight the importance of trauma-informed policing as a response to sexual assault and provide insights which might help inform policy and practice developments, both in Sweden and more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Rudolfsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Hammond
- Faculty of Business, Law, and Social Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Christina Björklund
- Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Beltrami EJ, Grant-Kels JM. Consulting ChatGPT: Ethical dilemmas in language model artificial intelligence. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024; 90:879-880. [PMID: 36907556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Beltrami
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Jane Margaret Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT; Department of Dermatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
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10
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Sierck A. On Theoretical Edges and Exclusionary Borders: Towards a Genealogy of "Analyzability" in Jungian Psychoanalysis 1. J Anal Psychol 2024; 69:270-280. [PMID: 38454867 DOI: 10.1111/1468-5922.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
An oft-repeated and largely unexamined assumption in Jungian psychoanalysis is the notion of "analyzability", that is, of an individual's ability or present capacity to think symbolically. It is often taught that if someone is unable to think symbolically, a depth analysis is not possible. Such an individual may be more aptly suited for supportive psychotherapy, the argument goes, an experience that may very well lead to the development of the ego's capacity for symbolic thought but is not, in and of itself, a Jungian analysis. While this sort of categorical thinking has, at times, crossed over into ontological claims about individuals and groups, the notion of analyzability encountered in psychoanalytic theory and praxis is often cloaked in facially neutral language. The impact, however, has been anything but neutral in effect. In this paper, I propose a softening of our theoretical edges through a genealogy of the category of analyzability within the broader history of psychoanalysis. Through this excavation, I explore the contingent nature of the category of analyzability, how it has constricted knowledge, perpetuated inequality, and, more broadly, obscured ways of knowing. In so doing, I recover the radically democratic potential that lies at the heart of Jungian psychoanalysis.
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11
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Fletcher JR. Transport digitalisation: Navigating futures of hypercognitive disablement. Br J Sociol 2024. [PMID: 38561892 DOI: 10.1111/1468-4446.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
People living with cognitive impairments face new forms of disablement in the context of transport digitalisation, an issue recently catalysed by controversies regarding rail ticket office closures. Transport can dramatically impact the lives of people diagnosed with dementia, who often find their mobility suddenly and dramatically impaired. Unfortunately, sociological analysis of cognitive disability has traditionally been undermined by under-theorisation. One solution can be found in classic bioethical work on hypercognitivism-the veneration of cognitive acuity-and its disabling consequences. A hypercognitive approach can nurture an attentiveness to the specificities of digital disablement. Here, disability does not emerge from digitalisation inherently, but is instead intensified by the implementation of digitalisation in line with value commitments. A more robust sociology of cognitive disability could better represent the interests of people with cognitive impairments and resist the new forms of disability that current digitalisation risks spreading.
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12
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Rau A, Grant-Kels JM. Dear Dr. Dermatoethics: Why is diversity in clinical trials important? J Am Acad Dermatol 2024; 90:875-876. [PMID: 36754088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akash Rau
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut; Department of Dermatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.
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13
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Fix RL. Racism and violence in policing: Perspectives from a juvenile prison. J Community Psychol 2024; 52:459-474. [PMID: 38356270 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.23104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Following recent events involving racism and violence in policing, the current study sought to understand factors associated with support for related social movements and worries about personal, family, and peer safety. Data were from 78 currently incarcerated young people (M = 16.5 years; 31% Black) and 20 juvenile prison staff (M = 40.3 years; 72% Black) via online surveys. A comparable proportion of young people (47.3%) and staff (47.4%) reported participating in the Black Lives Matter movement. Among young people, prior experiences with police were significantly associated with support for social movements and worries about safety concerning racism and violence in policing. Among staff, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and racial and ethnic identity were significantly associated with social movement support and worries about safety. Civic education and interventions to promote racial and ethnic identity may promote support for systemic change and buffer against worries about racism and violence in policing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Fix
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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14
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Kerry J, Tan GKY, Panton KR, Mutch R, Freeman J, Passmore H, Pestell CF. Neuropsychological profiles of adolescents sentenced to detention in Western Australia with and without prenatal alcohol exposure. Crim Behav Ment Health 2024; 34:163-181. [PMID: 38268129 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Youth with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) are under-recognised in the justice system, warranting improved identification. This study aimed to compare neuropsychological profiles of adolescents, with and without PAE and identify neuropsychological tasks predictive of PAE-group membership. It was hypothesised that participants with PAE would score significantly lower on neuropsychological tests. METHODS Participants included 85 young people sentenced to detention (mean 15.7 years, 78 males), 46 with PAE. A one-way-multivariate analysis of variance tested differences in neuropsychological functioning between PAE/No-PAE groups, while logistic regression determined tests predictive of PAE. RESULTS No statistically significant difference in test scores emerged between groups, and regression was not indicative of any models predictive of PAE-group membership. Neuropsychological profiles were characterised by both strengths and weaknesses, with lower verbal and mathematical skills. CONCLUSION(S) While no statistically significant differences were found between the groups, the results provided a unique insight into the neurocognitive profile of Australian youth in detention. Routine screening assessments were recommended for young people sentenced to detention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed Kerry
- School of Psychological Science, University of WA, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Grace Kuen Yee Tan
- School of Psychological Science, University of WA, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kirsten R Panton
- School of Psychological Science, University of WA, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Raewyn Mutch
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of General Paediatrics, Child and Adolescent Health Service, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Health, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Medical School, University of WA, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Invited Faculty, Harvard Program for Refugee Trauma, Harvard Medical School and School of Public Health and Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacinta Freeman
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hayley Passmore
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Law, University of WA, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Carmela F Pestell
- School of Psychological Science, University of WA, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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15
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Bian H, Jain NP, Grant-Kels JM, Feng H. Ethical implications of dermatology trainees proposing alternative procedures for educational purposes. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024:S0190-9622(24)00531-0. [PMID: 38552907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Bian
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Neelesh Patrick Jain
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut; Department of Dermatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut.
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16
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Aydin Er R, Çevik Nasirlier G. A survey of the allocation of scarce resources in Türkiye during the COVID-19 pandemic: Which criteria did healthcare professionals prioritize? Dev World Bioeth 2024. [PMID: 38507281 DOI: 10.1111/dewb.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 caused an imbalance between medical resources and the number of patients in Türkiye like in many countries. There was not pandemic-triage system, and this situation led to decision making based on experience, intuition, and judgment of allocation of scarce resources. The research explains the guiding criteria that healthcare professionals used to prioritize the distribution of scarce medical resources during the COVID-19 pandemic. The criteria preferred by 928 healthcare professionals were evaluated when preventive measures for COVID-19 were reduced and so the number of cases increased rapidly. The results indicate that Turkish healthcare professionals largely support the utilitarian approach, which focuses on medical benefit in pandemic. The main problem was that some criteria not approved in COVID-19 triage guidelines were considered important by healthcare professionals. These criteria, which cause discrimination by preventing the provision of fair and equal medical care to patients, are a prominent issue in the study.
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17
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Wyatt-Nash B, Wondwossen Y, Lutgendorf MA, Highland KB. Opportunity to Integrate the American Medical Association's Inclusive Language Guidance. Health Equity 2024; 8:177-188. [PMID: 38559848 PMCID: PMC10979659 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2023.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Inclusive language is a cornerstone for inclusive, just, and equitable health care. While the American Medical Association released inclusive language guidance in 2021, it was unclear the extent to which physician practice organizations and their affiliated journals have adopted and promoted inclusive language. In our analysis, we found a lack of inclusive language resources across many physician practice organizations and their affiliated journals. Moreover, when guidance was provided by such entities, it was sometimes limited or not reflective of the American Medical Association recommendations. As such, many practice organizations and their journals have the opportunity to promote inclusive language.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monica A. Lutgendorf
- Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Krista B. Highland
- Department of Anesthesiology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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18
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Beltrami EJ, Grant-Kels JM. The doctor will see (all of) you now: Ethical dilemmas in double-booking patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024; 90:673-674. [PMID: 36462632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Beltrami
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut; Department of Dermatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
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19
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Bethea M, Silvers S, Franklin L, Robinson RAS, Brady LJ, Vue N, Beasley HK, Kirabo A, Wanjalla CN, Shuler HD, Hinton A, McReynolds MR. A guide to establishing, implementing, and optimizing diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility (DEIA) committees. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H786-H796. [PMID: 38276949 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00583.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility (DEIA) efforts are increasingly recognized as critical for the success of academic institutions. These efforts are facilitated mainly through the formation of dedicated DEIA committees. DEIA committees enhance professional development and create a more inclusive environment, which benefits all members of the institution. Although leadership and faculty membership have recognized the importance and necessity of DEIA, the roles of DEIA committees may be more ambiguous. Although leadership and faculty may seek to support DEIA at their institutions, they may not always fully understand the necessity of these committees or how to successfully create a committee, foster and promote its success, and sustain its impact. Thus, here, we offer a background rationale and guide for strategically setting up DEIA committees for success and impact within an academic institution with applicability to scientific societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maigen Bethea
- Department of Pediatrics, Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Sophielle Silvers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Latisha Franklin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Renã A S Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Lillian J Brady
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Neng Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Heather K Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Celestine N Wanjalla
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Haysetta D Shuler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
- Shuler Consulting, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Melanie R McReynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
- The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
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20
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Sarin YK, Banerjee C. Ethical Considerations in Pediatric Surgery. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2024; 29:93-97. [PMID: 38616841 PMCID: PMC11014172 DOI: 10.4103/jiaps.jiaps_223_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Pediatric surgeons need to learn to give as much importance to the ethical approach as they have been giving to the systemic methodology in their clinical approach all along. The law of the land and the governmental rules also need to be kept in mind before deciding the final solution. They need to always put medical problems in the background of ethical context, reach a few solutions keeping in mind the available resources, and apply the best solution in the interest of their pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Kumar Sarin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Chandrima Banerjee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Western Health Social Care Trust, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
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21
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Azria E, Haaser T, Schmitz T, Froeliger A, Bouchghoul H, Madar H, Pineles BL, Sentilhes L. The ethics of induction of labor at 39 weeks in low-risk nulliparas in research and clinical practice. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 230:S775-S782. [PMID: 37633577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The "A Randomized Trial of Induction Versus Expectant Management" trial (ARRIVE trial) published in 2018 suggested that induction of labor can be considered a "reasonable option" for low-risk nulliparous women at ≥39 weeks of gestation. The study results led some professional societies to endorse the option for elective induction of labor at 39 weeks of gestation in low-risk nulliparas, and this has begun to change obstetrical practice. The ARRIVE trial provided valuable information supporting the benefits of induction of labor; however, the trial is insufficient to serve as the primary justification for widespread elective induction of labor at 39 weeks of gestation in low-risk nulliparas because of concerns about external validity. Thus, the French ARRIVE trial was designed to test the hypothesis in a different setting that elective induction of labor at 39 weeks of gestation in low-risk nulliparas leads to a lower cesarean delivery rate than expectant management. This ongoing trial has been criticized as "pseudoscientific" and telling "women where, when, and how to give birth." We reject these allegations and extensively examine the ethical framework that should govern clinical and research interventions, including elective induction of labor at 39 weeks of gestation in low-risk nulliparas. This study aimed to discuss the ethical issues that emerge from randomized trials of elective induction of labor at 39 weeks of gestation in low-risk nulliparas and the ethics of the clinical practice itself. The analysis of existing evidence shows the importance of further research on induction of labor at 39 weeks of gestation in low-risk women. Certain aspects of research ethics in this area, particularly the consent of pregnant women in a context where autonomy remains fragile, call for vigilance. In addition, we emphasize that childbirth is not only a medical object but also a social phenomenon that cannot be regarded only from the perspective of a health risk to be managed by clinical research. Further research on this issue is needed to allow pregnant women to make informed decisions, and the results should be integrated with social issues. The perspective of women is required in constructing, evaluating, and implementing medical interventions in childbirth, such as induction of labor at 39 weeks of gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Azria
- Maternity Unit, Hospital Paris Saint-Joseph, FHU PREMA, Paris, France; Obstetrical Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, CRESS, EPOPé, INSERM, INRA, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thibaud Haaser
- Health and Research Ethics Centre, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Sciences, Philosophie, Humanités, Université de Bordeaux-Université Bordeaux-Montaigne, Domaine Universitaire, Pessac, France
| | - Thomas Schmitz
- Obstetrical Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team, CRESS, EPOPé, INSERM, INRA, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Alizée Froeliger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hanane Bouchghoul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hugo Madar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Beth L Pineles
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Loïc Sentilhes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
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22
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Zhou AE, Chen M, Grant-Kels JM. Cons of noncompete clauses. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024:S0190-9622(24)00428-6. [PMID: 38431100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert E Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Maggie Chen
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut; Department of Dermatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
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23
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Gronbeck C, Aiudi D. Pros of noncompete clauses. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024:S0190-9622(24)00425-0. [PMID: 38431097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gronbeck
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Donna Aiudi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut.
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24
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Afvari S, Grant-Kels JM. Ethical impact of physician voices in the arena of societal discourse. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024:S0190-9622(24)00371-2. [PMID: 38368950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Afvari
- New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, New York
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut; Department of Dermatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.
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25
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Zhou AE, Grant-Kels JM. Ethics of patient requests to amend medical records. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024:S0190-9622(24)00208-1. [PMID: 38311240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert E Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut; Department of Dermatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
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26
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Abstract
The idea of dignity is pervasive in political discourse. It is central to human rights theory and practice, and it features regularly in conceptions of social justice as well as in the social movements they seek to understand or orient. However, dignity talk has been criticized for leading to problematic exclusion. Critics challenge it for undermining our recognition of the rights of non-human animals and of many human individuals (such as children, the elderly, and people with disabilities). I argue that, on a plausible articulation of it, the idea of dignity does not lead to these exclusions and that it in fact helps defend an appropriately inclusive moral and political treatment of all individuals. Difficult issues about equality and diversity indeed arise, but a dignitarian approach can provide good answers to them or at least help make them clearer and more tractable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Gilabert
- Pablo Gilabert, Philosophy Department, Concordia University, 1455 Maisonneuve West, Montreal, QC H3G1M8, Canada.
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27
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Rau A, Grant-Kels JM. The ethics of depigmentation for vitiligo. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024:S0190-9622(24)00131-2. [PMID: 38296198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Akash Rau
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut; Department of Dermatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.
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28
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Jain NP, Gronbeck C, Zhou AE, Grant-Kels JM, Feng H. Ethical dilemma of billing for pathology of cosmetically removed skin lesions. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024:S0190-9622(24)00124-5. [PMID: 38286274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Neelesh P Jain
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Christian Gronbeck
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Albert E Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut; Department of Dermatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut.
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29
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Aravind Paleri V, Hens K. Beyond the Organism versus Machine Dichotomy: A Review of Ethical Concerns in Synthetic Biology. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:3-14. [PMID: 38070167 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic Biology (SynBio) is a technology that brings new possibilities and benefits, as well as new ethical concerns. We have performed a systematic review and thematic analysis of papers that deal with the possible ethical and social issues surrounding SynBio. We found that articles mention deontological concerns related to tinkering with life and more consequentialist matters related to biosafety and biosecurity. At the same time, justice aspects, such as socioeconomic and environmental impacts, are far less mentioned. Moreover, there is a lack of systematic study of the ethical issues that SynBio researchers in the lab encounter on a day-to-day basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Aravind Paleri
- Centre for Ethics, Department of Philosophy, Universiteit Antwerpen-Stadscampus, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Kristien Hens
- Centre for Ethics, Department of Philosophy, Universiteit Antwerpen-Stadscampus, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
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30
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Goghari VM, Kusi M. An introduction to the basic elements of the caste system of India. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1210577. [PMID: 38179495 PMCID: PMC10764522 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1210577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Oppression, systemic bias, and racism have unfortunately long been part of the human experience. This paper is a review of basic elements of the Indian caste system, understanding its impact on the daily lives of different caste members, the role of colonialism in perpetuating the caste system, the Indian reservation system for mitigating disadvantages created by the caste system, and how categorization and labels can affect individual identity. This paper then discusses the global relevance of the caste system and its impact on mental health and psychological functioning. In India, the caste system is a comprehensive, systematized, and institutionalized form of oppression of members of the lower castes, particularly the Dalits. Formalized during the British colonial period, the caste system brings together two related Indian concepts of varna and jāti to create four social orders and multiple subunits. Sitting outside the traditional four orders are the Dalits, who experience social, economic, and religious discrimination due to an inherited status related to traditionally polluting occupations. Since the caste system extends beyond India to other South Asian countries, as well as to communities around the world that are home to the Indian diaspora, the inequities created by the caste system are a global issue. India's affirmative action system provides important insights to policy makers, as well as researchers in the social sciences for how to counteract the effects of systematized oppression. Collectively, this can aid in a better understanding of the effects of discrimination and oppression on identity, self-esteem, and mental health, and how we can develop more targeted policies and procedures in our own local contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vina M. Goghari
- Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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31
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González-Márquez C. Neuromodulation and memory: exploring ethical ramifications in memory modification treatment via implantable neurotechnologies. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1282634. [PMID: 38179489 PMCID: PMC10764565 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1282634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Invasive implantable neurotechnologies capable of simultaneously altering and recording neural activity are no longer the exclusive province of science fiction but a looming reality that will revolutionize medical practice. These advancements, particularly in their memory-altering capabilities, herald a vast array of opportunities for addressing the complex landscape of neurodegenerative and psychiatric conditions linked to memory impairments. However, the panoply of ethical implications arising from such a novel neurotechnology remains relatively unexplored by the neuroethics literature. This study examines and contrasts the potential ethical implications of memory modification treatment via implantable neurotechnologies. The study contends that undesired side effects resulting from memory modulation can lead to significant identity harms, disrupting the coherence of self-narratives and impinging on our authenticity. To evince the practical impact of this moral argument, the study conducts a practical ethical assessment of how employing implantable neurotechnologies to modulate memory may jeopardize (i) our moral responsiveness to events and core system of values and (ii) the emotional component associated with the altered memory. From a first-person standpoint, changes to the way we reasonably feel and react to past events and future intentions may be deemed ethically problematic as these profound changes can yield significant moral disruptions and negatively impact our personal lives and interpersonal relationships. In addition, the study discusses further ethical conundrums from a third-person perspective as these disruptions can inhibit social activism against structural injustices, thereby hindering societal progress. Thus, taking into account this societal dimension is paramount when evaluating the ethical permissibility of memory modification procedures.
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Johnson SK, Thomas K. Racial ideology, system justification, and just world belief in African Americans. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1193278. [PMID: 38144984 PMCID: PMC10739316 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1193278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Just world belief and system justification have previously been proposed to explain actions and beliefs of disadvantaged groups, but rarely together and never simultaneously in participants of color. A necessary expansion of work in this area is among African-American participants with differing views of race and how those views influence justice perceptions. Racial ideologies, used in African-American racial identity research, were studied as possible predictors of belief in a just world and system justification scores. The four racial ideologies examined in this study are assimilationist, humanist, nationalist, and oppressed minority. The current study examines belief in a just world and system justification as predicted by racial ideology. Participants (n = 261) responded to an online survey containing racial ideology items from the Multidimensional Model of Racial Identity (MMRI), the General and Personal Just World Scales, and the General System Justification Survey. Hierarchical linear regression was conducted, finding that nationalist ideology significantly predicted system justification and general just world belief.
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33
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Rau A, Grant-Kels JM. Ethics of declining to provide cosmetic care. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023:S0190-9622(23)03273-5. [PMID: 38065320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akash Rau
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut; Department of Dermatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.
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34
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Zhou AE, Chen M, Grant-Kels JM. Ethics surrounding health care providers who administer neuromodulators and other injectables for aesthetic purposes. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023:S0190-9622(23)03261-9. [PMID: 38049070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert E Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Maggie Chen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut; Department of Dermatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
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35
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Maboloc CR, Cutillas A. An Ethics of Justice in Elderly Care: Ageism and the Covid-19 Pandemic. Community Health Equity Res Policy 2023:2752535X231219017. [PMID: 38016043 DOI: 10.1177/2752535x231219017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study looks into the condition of elderly Covid-19 patients regarding the kind of attention they received during the pandemic given the scarcity of medical resouces in the countries mentioned in this investigation. In this case, we apply the bioethical principle of justice on the age-based criteria in determining which patient must receive treatment The argument is that the same is a form of discimination against the elderly. PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to emphasize that the age-based criteria in deciding whether to treat elderly Covid-19 patients or not is violative of the bioethical principle of justice since it discriminates against them. METHOD This study uses the interpretive method. The authors analyzed the literature and the arguments pertaining to the issue of ageism at the height of the Covid-19 Pandemic. We mentioned the countries where the issue of prioritization was a big concern. The qualitative analysis in this paper is meant to respond to such medical dilemma. ANALYSIS In our analysis, we determined that when age is used as a criterion, it violates the bioethical principle of justice. The principle is meant to ensure that physicians are fair in dealing with patients. Using age in deciding whether a life is worth saving or not is a prejudice against old people who require care and attention. DISCUSSION Medical doctors must treat patients equally and without bias. The challenge, however, is that due to the unprecedented nature of the pandemic, a triage is put in place to be able to manage the overwhelming influx of Covid-19 patients. Some age-based medical treatment criteria that recommend age-based cutoffs for specific treatments are morally untenable. This is because the same is bereft of any acceptable justification that warrants the judgment that the elderly must have less priority when medical resources are scarce. CONCLUSION In conclusion, doctors must not discriminate patients on the basis of age. All lives are equal in moral worth. We argue that governments must promulgate non-discriminatory policies when it comes to medical treatment during a global public health emergency.
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36
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Chicmana-Zapata V, Arotoma-Rojas I, Anza-Ramírez C, Ford J, Galappaththi EK, Pickering K, Sacks E, Togarepi C, Perera CD, van Bavel B, Hyams K, Akugre FA, Nkalubo J, Dharmasiri I, Nakwafila O, Mensah A, Miranda JJ, Zavaleta-Cortijo C. Justice implications of health and food security policies for Indigenous peoples facing COVID-19: a qualitative study and policy analysis in Peru. Health Policy Plan 2023; 38:ii36-ii50. [PMID: 37995268 PMCID: PMC10680992 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czad051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The spread of COVID-19 in Peru resulted in the declaration of a national health emergency, in which Indigenous peoples were identified as being particularly vulnerable due to their pre-existing poor health indicators and disadvantaged social conditions. The aim of this paper is to examine how the Peruvian government responded to the health and food needs of the Shawi and Ashaninka Indigenous peoples of Peru during the first 18 months of the pandemic (March 2020-August 2021). This study uses both official policy documents and real-world experiences to evaluate policy responses in terms of their immediate impact and their longer-term sustainability and contribution to the improvement of health, well-being and justice for Indigenous communities. Four health and food security responses were evaluated: the Amazon Health Plan and Indigenous Command; food aid; cash aid; and COVID-19 vaccination. We employed the Multidimensional Injustice Framework to analyse the justice implications of the design and implementation of responses. Data collection included 71 interviews with government officials (n = 7), Indigenous leaders (n = 31) and community members (n = 33). The results show how national and regional governments released policies to address the health and food needs of Indigenous peoples directly or indirectly, as part of a broader focus on vulnerable people. However, justice implications were not sufficiently addressed in the design or implementation of the responses. On the distributive dimension, Indigenous communities were prioritized to receive health goods and services, nevertheless, the distribution had shortcomings that impeded their collection and Indigenous food systems and livelihoods were largely overlooked. On the procedural dimension, Indigenous representatives were included to provide culturally sensitive feedback on health interventions, but without funding, and furthermore, the community members had only passive participation. This paper points out the importance of considering and addressing justice implications for more effective and fairer health and food policy responses to current and future health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Chicmana-Zapata
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, San Martín de Porres, Lima 15102, Perú
| | - Ingrid Arotoma-Rojas
- Priestley International Centre for Climate, University of Leeds, Woodhouse, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Cecilia Anza-Ramírez
- CRONICAS-Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Armendáriz 445, Miraflores, Lima, 15074, Perú
| | - James Ford
- Priestley International Centre for Climate, University of Leeds, Woodhouse, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Eranga K Galappaththi
- Department of Geography, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 238 Wallace Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Kerrie Pickering
- Environmental Sustainability Research Centre, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Emma Sacks
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Cecil Togarepi
- University of Namibia, Ogongo Campus, Private Bag X5507, Eliander Mwatale Street, Oshakati, Namibia
| | - Chrishma D Perera
- Department of Geography, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 238 Wallace Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | | | - Keith Hyams
- University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Francis A Akugre
- Institute for Environment and Sanitation Studies, University of Ghana, MR39+C4X, Annie Jiagge Rd, Accra, Ghana
| | - Jonathan Nkalubo
- Mulago National Referral Hospital and Uganda National Health Research Organization, Mulago Hospital Complex, Mulago Hill, P.O. Box 7051, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Indunil Dharmasiri
- Department of Geography, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 238 Wallace Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Olivia Nakwafila
- University of Namibia, 340 Mandume Ndemufayo Avenue, Pioneerspark, Namibia
| | - Adelina Mensah
- Institute for Environment and Sanitation Studies, University of Ghana, MR39+C4X, Annie Jiagge Rd, Accra, Ghana
| | - Jaime J Miranda
- CRONICAS-Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, San Martín de Porres, Lima 15102, Perú
| | - Carol Zavaleta-Cortijo
- Unidad de Ciudadania Intercultural y Salud Indígena (UCISI), Facultad de Salud Pública y Administración, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, San Martín de Porres, Lima 15102, Perú
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Rau A, Grant-Kels JM. Ethics of caring for angry and rude patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023:S0190-9622(23)03112-2. [PMID: 37924951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akash Rau
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut; Department of Dermatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.
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Steele L, Swaffer K, Siciliano H, Rose E, Mitchell WJ, Kobier K, Bailey B. Reparations for people living with dementia: Recognition, accountability, change, now! Dementia (London) 2023; 22:1738-1756. [PMID: 37542425 DOI: 10.1177/14713012231190832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a significant and longstanding problem of harm to people living with dementia in long term care institutions ('LTC institutions', referred to by others as 'care homes', 'nursing homes', 'long term care', 'residential aged care facilities'), along with a failure to redress the harm or hold people accountable for this harm. This article reports on an Australian project that found reparations must be a response to harm to people living with dementia in residential aged care. Using a disability human rights methodology, focus groups were conducted with people living with dementia, care partners and family members, advocates and lawyers to explore perspectives on why and how to redress harm to people living with dementia in Australian LTC institutions. Researchers found four key themes provide the basis for the necessity and design of a reparative approach to redress - recognition, accountability, change, now. The article calls for further attention to reparations in dementia scholarship, with a particular focus on the role that can be played in the delivery of reparations by the LTC industry, dementia practitioners, and dementia scholars. Ultimately, this article provides a new understanding of responses to violence, abuse, neglect and other harms experienced by people living with dementia in LTC institutions, which centres justice, rights, and transformative change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Steele
- Faculty of Law, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate Swaffer
- School of Justice and Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Hope Siciliano
- Faculty of Law, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia
| | - Evelyn Rose
- School of Social and Political Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - William John Mitchell
- College of Business, Law and Governance, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Karen Kobier
- People with Disability Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Dale PR, Meurk C, Williams M, Watson M, Steele ML, Wittenhagen L, Harden S, Stathis S, Scott JG, Kinner S, Heffernan E. Our Ways, Your Ways, Both Ways - a multi-disciplinary collaboration to develop, embed and evaluate a model of social and emotional wellbeing care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander young people who experience detention - Phase 1. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1207103. [PMID: 37928913 PMCID: PMC10625451 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1207103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The National Strategic Framework for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples' Mental Health and Social and Emotional Wellbeing identifies building a strong Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander led evidence-base to inform care as a key priority. Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander adolescents in contact with the criminal justice system are a highly vulnerable group of Australians, with substantial unmet needs. There is limited evidence to inform culturally appropriate models of care that meet the social and emotional wellbeing needs of justice-involved Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander adolescents. This project aims to develop, implement and evaluate an in-reach and community transitional model of social and emotional wellbeing care for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander adolescents (10-17 years old) who experience detention through close engagement with Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander youth, Elders, researchers, practitioners and community members, and by drawing on culturally informed practice and knowledge systems. The project is based on a multi-level mixed methods design, with a strong focus on ongoing project evaluation (based on the Ngaa-bi-nya framework) and co-design. Co-design is facilitated through culturally safe and trauma informed participatory processes based on development of strong partnerships from project initiative, design, implementation and evaluation. Application of the landscape domain of the Ngaa-bi-nya framework for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander program evaluation will be explored in Phase one. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adolescents with experience in detention will be engaged through one-on-one interviews with data collection through the Growth and Empowerment Measure (GEM) Youth (which will be adapted from the adult version and validated as part of this study), the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10), questions around alcohol and drug use, and narrative interviews exploring experience. Qualitative data will be analyzed using an inductive thematic approach, structured within the framework of the Ngaa-bi-nya landscape prompts. Quantitative data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics to provide a profile of the cohort. Findings from Phase one will be used to inform the development of a model of social and emotional wellbeing care that will be implemented and evaluated in Phase two.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny R. Dale
- Queensland Forensic Mental Health Service, Queensland Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Carla Meurk
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Forensic Mental Health Group, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD, Australia
| | - Megan Williams
- Girra Maa Indigenous Health Discipline, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Megan L. Steele
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Forensic Mental Health Group, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD, Australia
| | - Lisa Wittenhagen
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Forensic Mental Health Group, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD, Australia
| | - Scott Harden
- Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Queensland Children’s Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephen Stathis
- Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Queensland Children’s Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - James G. Scott
- Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Queensland Children’s Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stuart Kinner
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Justice Health Group, Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ed Heffernan
- Queensland Forensic Mental Health Service, Queensland Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Forensic Mental Health Group, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD, Australia
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40
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Jiang C, Jain NP, Grant-Kels JM. Ethical implications of limiting Medicaid patients to advanced practice providers. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023:S0190-9622(23)03015-3. [PMID: 37844690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Jiang
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Neelesh Patrick Jain
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut; Department of Dermatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.
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Bobier C, Rodger D. Xenotransplantation Clinical Trials and Equitable Patient Selection. Camb Q Healthc Ethics 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37795637 DOI: 10.1017/s096318012300052x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Xenotransplant patient selection recommendations restrict clinical trial participation to seriously ill patients for whom alternative therapies are unavailable or who will likely die while waiting for an allotransplant. Despite a scholarly consensus that this is advisable, we propose to examine this restriction. We offer three lines of criticism: (1) The risk-benefit calculation may well be unfavorable for seriously ill patients and society; (2) the guidelines conflict with criteria for equitable patient selection; and (3) the selection of seriously ill patients may compromise informed consent. We conclude by highlighting how the current guidance reveals a tension between the societal values of justice and beneficence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Bobier
- Department of Theology and Philosophy, Hendrickson Institute for Ethical Leadership, St. Mary's University of Minnesota, Winona, MN, USA
| | - Daniel Rodger
- Operating Department Practice, Institute of Health and Social Care, School of Allied and Community Health, London South Bank University, London, UK
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
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Moen LJ. How Do You Like Your Justice, Bent or Unbent? Moral Philos Politics 2023; 10:285-297. [PMID: 38014360 PMCID: PMC10568981 DOI: 10.1515/mopp-2021-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Principles of justice, David Estlund argues, cannot be falsified by people's unwillingness to satisfy them. In his Utopophobia, Estlund rejects the view that justice must bend to human motivation to deliver practical implications for how institutions ought to function. In this paper, I argue that a substantive argument against such bending of justice principles must challenge the reasons for making these principles sensitive to motivational limitations. Estlund, however, provides no such challenge. His dispute with benders of justice is therefore a verbal one over the true meaning of justice, which need not worry those with the intuition that justice should perform a function that requires bending. By focusing on John Rawls's reasons for bending his justice principles, I point towards a substantive critique of bent justice.
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Tavares SM, Pimentel CE, Paiva TT, Pereira CR. Development and Validation of the Secondary Victimization Scale. Psychol Rep 2023; 126:2594-2615. [PMID: 35469486 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221092652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sexual violence is ubiquitous in the history of human relationships, with the victim being perceived as responsible for their own misfortune. This phenomenon is labelled secondary victimization and is manifested in blaming, minimizing the suffering, and avoiding the victim. This article presents evidence of the validity of a scale that measures individual differences in these three types of secondary victimization of rape victims. In Study 1, we developed the scale items and analyzed their content validity. In Study 2, we carried out an exploratory analysis of its factorial structure and verified the set-up of the items in three theoretically predicted factors (blaming, minimizing the suffering, and avoiding the victim), which had convergent validity with the Rape Myth Acceptance Scale, and discriminant validity with the Big Five Personality Traits, in addition to having concurrent validity with the Belief in a Just World Scale (BJWS). In Study 3, we confirmed this tri-factor structure using confirmatory analysis. In Study 4, we analyzed the predictive validity of the Secondary Victimization Scale (SVS), proposing the hypothesis that secondary victimization mediates the effect of BJWS on the participants' behavior towards a rape victim. The summary of the results shows consistent evidence of the SVS's validity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tamyres T Paiva
- Federal University of Paraiba University, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Cicero R Pereira
- Federal University of Paraiba University, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
- Institute of Social Sciences of the University of Lisbon University, Lisboa, Portugal
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Beltrami EJ, Grant-Kels JM. Dermatology in the wake of an AI revolution: Who gets a say? J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 89:e159-e160. [PMID: 37268021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Beltrami
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut; Department of Dermatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
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45
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Lorimer K, Greco G, Lorgelly P. A new sexual wellbeing paradigm grounded in capability approach concepts of human flourishing and social justice. Cult Health Sex 2023; 25:1402-1417. [PMID: 36565149 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2022.2158236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Over the last twenty years, there has been a growing interest in measuring sexual wellbeing, including by a WHO/UNFPA working group in 2007, which sought clarity on key dimensions and asked for indicators of these to be devised. However, there remains a lack of conceptual clarity surrounding the concept of sexual wellbeing, which may create variation in what is being assessed and to what we are referring. This paper proposes one way in which to achieve conceptual clarity might be through the utilisation of a Capability Approach, thereby posing a new set of normative questions about what sexual wellbeing is. The central argument in this paper is for researchers, theorists and practitioners to focus more fully on a person's freedom to achieve sexual wellbeing within a particular social and cultural context. We suggest the kinds of data that might need to be captured to operationalise and measure such an understanding. By offering new critical insights, we hope to drive forward empirical and methodological development in the evaluation of sexual wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Lorimer
- School of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Giulia Greco
- Department for Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Paula Lorgelly
- Department of Economics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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46
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Tschirgi ML, Liaquat K, Mahey Kumar M, Wilson KL. Abandoning the word Caucasian. J Genet Couns 2023; 32:930-936. [PMID: 37237433 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, the field of genetics has used patient-reported genetic ancestry to assist in risk assessment, calculate detection rates, and understand residual risks for recessive or X-linked genetic diseases. Patient-reported genetic ancestry is useful for variant curation, based on practice guidelines from medical societies. Words used to describe a person's race, ethnicity, and genetic ancestry have changed over the last few centuries, especially in the last few decades. The origin and use of Caucasian to describe people of European ancestry have come into question. With recommendations from the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), among other organizations, the medical and genetics communities are moving away from using this term altogether. The purpose of this article is to review the history of the word Caucasian and to provide evidence that it should be avoided when documenting genetic ancestry in medical records, laboratory forms, and medical research.
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Herington J, McCradden MD, Creel K, Boellaard R, Jones EC, Jha AK, Rahmim A, Scott PJH, Sunderland JJ, Wahl RL, Zuehlsdorff S, Saboury B. Ethical Considerations for Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging: Deployment and Governance. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:1509-1515. [PMID: 37620051 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.266110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to make nuclear medicine and medical imaging faster, cheaper, and both more effective and more accessible. This is possible, however, only if clinicians and patients feel that these AI medical devices (AIMDs) are trustworthy. Highlighting the need to ensure health justice by fairly distributing benefits and burdens while respecting individual patients' rights, the AI Task Force of the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging has identified 4 major ethical risks that arise during the deployment of AIMD: autonomy of patients and clinicians, transparency of clinical performance and limitations, fairness toward marginalized populations, and accountability of physicians and developers. We provide preliminary recommendations for governing these ethical risks to realize the promise of AIMD for patients and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Herington
- Department of Health Humanities and Bioethics and Department of Philosophy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Melissa D McCradden
- Department of Bioethics, Hospital for Sick Children, and Dana Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathleen Creel
- Department of Philosophy and Religion and Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth C Jones
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Abhinav K Jha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Arman Rahmim
- Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - John J Sunderland
- Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Richard L Wahl
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | | | - Babak Saboury
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland;
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48
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Ferreira AL, Lipoff JB. The complex ethics of applying ChatGPT and language model artificial intelligence in dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 89:e157-e158. [PMID: 37263382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alana Luna Ferreira
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jules B Lipoff
- Department of Dermatology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Chen M, Zhou AE, Grant-Kels JM. Ethics of free sample of biologics and prior authorization. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023:S0190-9622(23)02869-4. [PMID: 37769900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Chen
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Albert E Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut; Department of Dermatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
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50
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Zhou AE, Grant-Kels JM. Ethics of using the Honorific Title "Doctor". J Am Acad Dermatol 2023:S0190-9622(23)02863-3. [PMID: 37751780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert E Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut; Department of Dermatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
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