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Akintunde TY, Chen S, Isangha SO, Di Q. Adverse childhood experiences, emotional distress and dissatisfaction with motherhood among first-time mothers: Mediations and child differences. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2024; 11:e18. [PMID: 38414725 PMCID: PMC10897492 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2024.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the challenges associated with motherhood, studies have not consistently identified factors contributing to first-time mothers' dissatisfaction with motherhood in resource-limited regions. To fill this research gap, this study investigates how adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) result in first-time mothers' dissatisfaction with motherhood through emotional distress in Nigeria. Results from the partial least square structural equation model suggests that ACEs are associated with dissatisfaction with motherhood ( = 0.092; p < 0.01) and emotional distress ( = 0.367; p < 0.001). There is also a significant association between emotional distress and dissatisfaction with motherhood ( = 0.728; p < 0.001). Indirect path from first-time mothers' ACEs to dissatisfaction with motherhood through emotional distress shows significance ( = 0.267; 95% CI (0.213, 0.323); p < 0.001). In addition, the indirect path from first-time mothers' ACEs to dissatisfaction with motherhood through child emotional closeness showed significant dampening effects ( = 0.044; 95% CI (0.025, 0.066); p < 0.001). No serial impact of emotional distress and child emotional closeness was found in the study. The findings based on child gender indicated that only among first-time mothers of female children are ACEs predictors of dissatisfaction with motherhood. Trauma-informed interventions should be introduced in primary care settings to screen for ACEs and emotional dysfunctions among first-time mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosin Yinka Akintunde
- Department of Sociology, School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaojun Chen
- Department of Sociology, School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Stanley Oloji Isangha
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Qi Di
- Department of Sociology, School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
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2
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Crouch MC, Miller-Roenigk BD, Schrader SW, Griffith F, Simmons S, Gordon DM. Potentially Traumatic Events of Women of Color in an Urban Adult Basic Education Program. JOURNAL OF AGGRESSION, MALTREATMENT & TRAUMA 2023; 33:432-450. [PMID: 38798799 PMCID: PMC11114608 DOI: 10.1080/10926771.2023.2231384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Adult Basic Education (ABE) in the United States is an important tool for underrepresented and underserved communities to achieve the goal of high school graduation following noncompletion of K-12 education. Largely in urban settings, ABE centers serve millions of students annually, especially historically and contemporarily marginalized groups. ABE provides critical resources and skills to meet the educational needs of diverse peoples seeking to advance their station in life. ABE centers may serve students with potentially traumatic events (PTE), diagnosable trauma, and related poorer outcomes. Alarmingly, a paucity of research exists that examines the presence of PTEs for ABE students, particularly people and women of color. In the present research, the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item measures were used to weigh depression and anxiety scores across the Life Events Checklist for the DSM-5 (LEC-5) trauma types in a sample (N=170) of predominantly women of color. We examined three respondent groups based on proximity and frequency of PTEs: (1) denied; (2) witnessed/learned about; and (3) experienced. Results indicate that those experiencing higher levels of PTEs (namely, sexual assault, unwanted/uncomfortable sexual experience, and sudden accidental death) also experienced higher ratings of depression and anxiety. More research is indicated, as women of color within ABE settings could benefit from tailored resources for prevention, intervention, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Crouch
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | | | - Frances Griffith
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Sydney Simmons
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Derrick M Gordon
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Bowen ME, McDevitt-Murphy ME, Olin CC, Buckley BE. The Utility of Assessing Alexithymia, in Addition to Coping, in the Context of Posttraumatic Stress. J Nerv Ment Dis 2023; 211:17-22. [PMID: 35944258 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The distinction between alexithymia and coping in relation to posttraumatic stress has not been fully explored. The present study examined the extent to which alexithymia explained unique variance in posttraumatic stress, beyond the variance explained by coping, in a sample of trauma-exposed adults ( N = 706; M age = 19.41 years, SD = 1.5; 77.1% female). Then, we explored the effect of race on these associations, comparing participants who identified as Black ( n = 275) to those who identified as White ( n = 337). Avoidant-emotional coping showed stronger correlations (compared with problem-focused and active-emotional coping) with total alexithymia, difficulty identifying feelings, and difficulty describing feelings. In regression analyses, we found alexithymia explained unique variance in posttraumatic stress severity beyond the effect of coping. Results did not differ by racial identity. These findings suggest that despite some overlap between alexithymia and coping, each shows unique relations with posttraumatic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mya E Bowen
- Department of Psychology, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
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Garfin DR, Amador A, Osorio J, Ruivivar KS, Torres A, Nyamathi AM. A multi-method exploration of mindfulness as a coping tool: Perspectives from trauma-exposed, unhoused women residing at a drug treatment facility. Stress Health 2022; 39:347-360. [PMID: 35933124 PMCID: PMC9899869 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This multi-method study examined perspectives on mindfulness and coping strategies used by trauma-exposed women experiencing homelessness (WEH), residing in a state-funded residential drug treatment site in Southern California (United States). Questionnaires and in-depth focus group interviews were utilised to examine traumatic experiences over the lifespan, probable-posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and coping strategies. Mindfulness was explored as a potential way to improve coping; potential benefits and challenges associated with implementing a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) with trauma-exposed WEH were also investigated. A Community Advisory Board (CAB) was formed to identify key issues experienced by WEH and to develop a semi structured interview guide (SSIG). Using the SSIG, women participated in one of four focus groups (total N = 28; n = 7 per group). Quantitative data on demographic indicators, probable-PTSD, and trauma exposure were collected. Almost 90% of women met criteria for probable-PTSD; trauma exposure was exceedingly high; most women had experienced multiple traumas throughout their lives. Four main themes emerged from qualitative analyses, which drew from Grounded Theory and used open, selective, and axial coding: (1) ways of coping with trauma; (2) perspectives on mindfulness; (3) prior experiences with mindfulness; and (4) challenges for conducting a mindfulness programme. Overall, WEH used a variety of coping techniques to deal with their trauma, had some familiarity with mindfulness, and were optimistic an MBI would be helpful, despite identifying several challenges to implementation. MBIs may be helpful adjuncts to traditional care for trauma-exposed, WEH, recovering from substance use disorder. Population-specific considerations may improve implementation and participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Rose Garfin
- Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Alexandra Amador
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine
| | - Jessica Osorio
- Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine
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Maiya S, Dotterer AM, Whiteman SD. Longitudinal Changes in Adolescents' School Bonding During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Individual, Parenting, and Family Correlates. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2021; 31:808-819. [PMID: 34448299 PMCID: PMC8646314 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined changes in adolescents' school bonding from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic and its individual, parenting, and family-level correlates. Participants were two adolescents (50% male; Mage = 14 years) and one parent (85% female; Mage = 45 years) from 682 families (N = 2046) from an ongoing longitudinal study. Adolescents reported on their school bonding, stress, and coping, while parents reported on their involvement in adolescents' education and pandemic-related financial need. A two-wave latent change score model suggested that adolescents' school bonding decreased from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic. Stress and pandemic-related financial need served as risk factors, whereas coping and parental involvement served as protective factors against declines in adolescents' school bonding.
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Liu H, Li TW, Liang L, Hou WK. Trauma exposure and mental health of prisoners and ex-prisoners: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2021; 89:102069. [PMID: 34454322 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present meta-analytic review examined the associations between different forms of trauma and mental disorders among prisoners and ex-prisoners. Studies published from 1998 to March 31 2021 were identified by searching PsycINFO, PubMed, Medline and Web of Science. Data were meta-analyzed using a random-effect model. Moderator and mediator analyses were conducted. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020181587). We identified 62 studies (50 non-duplicated samples) with 15,115 (97.86%) prisoners and 330 (2.14%) ex-prisoners in 16 countries. A multi-level meta-analysis found that overall trauma was positively associated with more diagnoses or symptoms of mental disorders (Zr = 0.198, 95% CI = [0.167, 0.229], p < 0.001). Stronger effect sizes were found between childhood trauma (Zr = 0.357, 95% CI = [0.147, 0.568], p < 0.01) and sexual trauma (Zr = 0.326, 95% CI = [0.216, 0.435], p < 0.001) and stress-related disorders. Multilevel moderator analysis showed that effect size was stronger in imprisonment trauma (β = 0.247, 95% CI = [0.177, 0.316], p < 0.01), mixed trauma (β = 0.234, 95% CI = [0.196, 0.272], p < 0.001), and stress-related disorders (β = 0.261, 95% CI = [0.214, 0.307], p < 0.01). Associations between trauma and mental disorders were mediated by social support but not coping. Our findings provide an evidence base for future research on the impact of trauma and inform assessments and interventions in correctional settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huinan Liu
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China; Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Tsz Wai Li
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Li Liang
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China; Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Wai Kai Hou
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China; Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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Acar B, Acar İH, Alhiraki OA, Fahham O, Erim Y, Acarturk C. The Role of Coping Strategies in Post-Traumatic Growth among Syrian Refugees: A Structural Equation Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8829. [PMID: 34444576 PMCID: PMC8394351 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Syrian conflict has led to a mass migration of Syrians to other countries and exposed them to many possible traumatic events and stressors in their country of origin and in the resettlement process. The possibility of positive psychological effects of adverse life events is less documented among Syrian refugees. Thus, the current study aimed to develop preliminary evidence for the identifying factors: traumatic experiences, post-migration stressors and coping strategies that are associated with post-traumatic growth (PTG) of Syrian refugees residing in Turkey. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used in the current study to assess the associations among these factors. Data were obtained from Syrian refugees residing in the governorates of Hatay and Mardin. A total of 528 Syrians, aged between 18-77 years (M = 35.60, SD = 11.65) participated in this cross-sectional study. Results from the SEM indicated that past traumatic experiences and post-migration stressors were indirectly related to PTG. The results from the current study provide support for that the association between refugees' traumatic experiences, post-migration stressors and PTG appear to be explained through the presence of coping strategies which could be addressed in the psychotherapies and psychosocial interventions for refugees to promote positive psychological change. Future studies should address the effects of post-migration stressors on PTG in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busra Acar
- Department of Psychology, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey;
- Department of Psychology, Ozyegin University, 34794 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - İbrahim H. Acar
- Department of Psychology, Ozyegin University, 34794 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Omar A. Alhiraki
- Department of Surgery, Bab Al-Hawa Hospital, Idlib, Syria; (O.A.A.); (O.F.)
| | - Ola Fahham
- Department of Surgery, Bab Al-Hawa Hospital, Idlib, Syria; (O.A.A.); (O.F.)
| | - Yesim Erim
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Ceren Acarturk
- Department of Psychology, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey;
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Chew QH, Chia FLA, Ng WK, Lee WCI, Tan PLL, Wong CS, Puah SH, Shelat VG, Seah EJD, Huey CWT, Phua EJ, Sim K. Perceived Stress, Stigma, Traumatic Stress Levels and Coping Responses amongst Residents in Training across Multiple Specialties during COVID-19 Pandemic-A Longitudinal Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186572. [PMID: 32916996 PMCID: PMC7559162 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore changes in psychological responses (perceived stress, traumatic stress, stigma, coping) over time in residents, as well as their predictors. The level of perceived stress, traumatic stress, stigma, and coping responses were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale, Impact of Event-Revised, Healthcare Workers Stigma Scale, and Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) Inventory, respectively. We collected responses from 274 residents at baseline and 221 residents at 3 months follow-up (timepoint 2) from the National Healthcare Group (NHG) residency programs in Singapore. All residents reported lower perceived stress and lower perceived stigma compared to baseline. Use of avoidance coping was associated with all three psychological responses (perceived stress, traumatic stress, and stigma) across the two timepoints. Compared to baseline, specific factors associated with perceived stress and traumatic stress at timepoint 2 were living alone, less problem solving, and seeking social support. Residency programs should encourage active coping strategies (e.g., seeking social support, positive thinking, problem solving) among residents, and proactively identify residents who may be at higher risk of psychological sequelae due to circumstances that contribute to isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hui Chew
- Department of Research, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore 539747, Singapore;
| | - Faith Li-Ann Chia
- National Healthcare Group Residency, Singapore 138543, Singapore; (F.L.-A.C.); (E.J.P.)
- Department of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Wee Khoon Ng
- National Healthcare Group Internal Medicine Residency Program, Singapore 138543, Singapore;
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | | | | | - Chen Seong Wong
- National Healthcare Group Infectious Diseases Residency Program, Singapore 138543, Singapore;
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Ser Hon Puah
- National Healthcare Group Respiratory Medicine Residency Program, Singapore 138543, Singapore;
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Vishalkumar G. Shelat
- National Healthcare Group Post-Graduate Year 1 Training Program, Singapore 138543, Singapore;
- Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore;
| | - Ee-Jin Darren Seah
- National Healthcare Group Family Medicine Residency Program, Singapore 138543, Singapore;
- National Healthcare Group Polyclinics, Singapore 138543, Singapore
| | - Cheong Wei Terence Huey
- Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore;
- National Healthcare Group General Surgery Residency Program, Singapore 138543, Singapore
| | - Eng Joo Phua
- National Healthcare Group Residency, Singapore 138543, Singapore; (F.L.-A.C.); (E.J.P.)
- Department of General Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore 768828, Singapore
| | - Kang Sim
- National Healthcare Group National Psychiatry Residency Program, Singapore 138543, Singapore
- West Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore 539747, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6389-2000
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