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OHKOUCHI N, KURODA J, TAIRA A. The origin of Cretaceous black shales: a change in the surface ocean ecosystem and its triggers. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2015; 91:273-91. [PMID: 26194853 PMCID: PMC4631894 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.91.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Black shale is dark-colored, organic-rich sediment, and there have been many episodes of black shale deposition over the history of the Earth. Black shales are source rocks for petroleum and natural gas, and thus are both geologically and economically important. Here, we review our recent progress in understanding of the surface ocean ecosystem during periods of carbonaceous sediment deposition, and the factors triggering black shale deposition. The stable nitrogen isotopic composition of geoporphyrins (geological derivatives of chlorophylls) strongly suggests that N2-fixation was a major process for nourishing the photoautotrophs. A symbiotic association between diatoms and cyanobacteria may have been a major primary producer during episodes of black shale deposition. The timing of black shale formation in the Cretaceous is strongly correlated with the emplacement of large igneous provinces such as the Ontong Java Plateau, suggesting that black shale deposition was ultimately induced by massive volcanic events. However, the process that connects these events remains to be solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiko OHKOUCHI
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Junichiro KURODA
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Asahiko TAIRA
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan
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The Cenomanian/Turonian Boundary Event in the Indian Ocean: a Key to Understand the Global Picture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm070p0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Jödicke H, Jording A, Ferrari L, Arzate J, Mezger K, Rüpke L. Fluid release from the subducted Cocos plate and partial melting of the crust deduced from magnetotelluric studies in southern Mexico: Implications for the generation of volcanism and subduction dynamics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jb003739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bertrand P, Pedersen TF, Schneider R, Shimmield G, Lallier-Verges E, Disnar JR, Massias D, Villanueva J, Tribovillard N, Huc AY, Giraud X, Pierre C, Vénec-Peyré MT. Organic-rich sediments in ventilated deep-sea environments: Relationship to climate, sea level, and trophic changes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jc000327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Bertrand
- Departement de Géologie et Océanographie, UMR-CNRS; Université de Bordeaux I; Talence France
| | - T. F. Pedersen
- Oceanography, Earth and Ocean Sciences; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - R. Schneider
- Fachbereicht Geowissenschaften; Universität Bremen; Bremen Germany
| | | | - E. Lallier-Verges
- Sédimentologie et Diagenèse de la Matière Organique, UMR; Université d'Orléans; Orléans France
| | - J. R. Disnar
- Sédimentologie et Diagenèse de la Matière Organique, UMR; Université d'Orléans; Orléans France
| | - D. Massias
- Departement de Géologie et Océanographie, UMR-CNRS; Université de Bordeaux I; Talence France
| | - J. Villanueva
- Departement de Géologie et Océanographie, UMR-CNRS; Université de Bordeaux I; Talence France
| | - N. Tribovillard
- Sédimentologie et Géodynamique, UMR-CNRS; Université de Lille 1; Villeneuve d'Ascq ce France
| | - A. Y. Huc
- Institut Français du Pétrole; Rueil Malmaison France
| | - X. Giraud
- Departement de Géologie et Océanographie, UMR-CNRS; Université de Bordeaux I; Talence France
| | - C. Pierre
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie Dynamique et de Climatologie; Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Paris France
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Glasby GP, Kunzendorf H. Multiple factors in the origin of the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary: the role of environmental stress and Deccan Trap volcanism. GEOLOGISCHE RUNDSCHAU : ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ALLGEMEINE GEOLOGIE 1996; 85:191-210. [PMID: 11543126 DOI: 10.1007/bf02422228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A review of the scenarios for the Cretaceous/ Tertiary (K/T) boundary event is presented and a coherent hypothesis for the origin of the event is formulated. Many scientists now accept that the event was caused by a meteorite impact at Chicxulub in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Our investigations show that the oceans were already stressed by the end of the Late Cretaceous as a result of the long-term drop in atmospheric CO2, the long-term drop in sea level and the frequent development of oceanic anoxia. Extinction of some marine species was already occurring several million years prior to the K/T boundary. The biota were therefore susceptible to change. The eruption of the Deccan Traps, which began at 66.2 Ma, coincides with the K/T boundary events. It erupted huge quantities of H2SO4, HCl, CO2, dust and soot into the atmosphere and led to a significant drop in sea level and marked changes in ocean temperature. The result was a major reduction in oceanic productivity and the creation of an almost dead ocean. The volcanism lasted almost 0.7 m.y. Extinction of biological species was graded and appeared to correlate with the main eruptive events. Elements such as Ir were incorporated into the volcanic ash, possibly on soot particles. This horizon accumulated under anoxic conditions in local depressions and became the marker horizon for the K/T boundary. An oxidation front penetrated this horizon leading to the redistribution of elements. The eruption of the Deccan Traps is the largest volcanic event since the Permian-Triassic event at 245 Ma. It followed a period of 36 m.y. in which the earth's magnetic field failed to reverse. Instabilities in the mantle are thought to be responsible for this eruption and therefore for the K/T event. We therefore believe that the K/T event can be explained in terms of the effects of the Deccan volcanism on an already stressed biosphere. The meteorite impact at Chicxulub took place after the onset of Deccan volcanism. It probably played a regional, rather than global, role in the K/T extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Glasby
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Sheffield, England
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Knoll AH. Biological and Biogeochemical Preludes to the Ediacaran Radiation. TOPICS IN GEOBIOLOGY 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-2427-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Ten Haven HL, Eglinton G, Farrimond P, Kohnen MEL, Poynter JG, Rullkötter J, Welte DH. Variations in the content and composition of organic matter in sediments underlying active upwelling regimes: a study from ODP Legs 108, 112, and 117. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1144/gsl.sp.1992.064.01.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Paleoceanography and Changes in the Biological Cycling of Phosphorus across the Precambrian—Cambrian Boundary. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-2427-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Changes in paleoenvironments in the Atlantic Ocean during Cretaceous times: results from black shales studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01829328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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McMenamin MAS, McMenamin DS. Late Cretaceous Atmospheric Oxygen. Science 1987. [DOI: 10.1126/science.235.4796.1561-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. S. McMenamin
- Department of Geology and Geography, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075-1484
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George DG, Hunt LT, Barker WC. Nucleic Acid Database Management. Science 1987. [DOI: 10.1126/science.235.4796.1562-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David G. George
- Protein Identification Resource, National Biomedical Research Foundation, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007
| | - Lois T. Hunt
- Protein Identification Resource, National Biomedical Research Foundation, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007
| | - Winona C. Barker
- Protein Identification Resource, National Biomedical Research Foundation, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007
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Erratum: From Gene to Embryo:
Gene Activity in Early Development. Science 1987. [DOI: 10.1126/science.235.4796.1562-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Correction: Bacterial Domestication: Underlying Assumptions. Science 1987. [DOI: 10.1126/science.235.4796.1562-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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de Graciansky PC, Brosse E, Deroo G, Herbin JP, Müller C, Sigal J, Schaaf A, Montadert L. Organic-rich sediments and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions of the Cretaceous North Atlantic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1144/gsl.sp.1987.026.01.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Zimmerman HB, Boersma A, McCoy FW. Carbonaceous sediments and palaeoenvironment of the Cretaceous South Atlantic Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1144/gsl.sp.1987.026.01.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Tyson RV. The genesis and palynofacies characteristics of marine petroleum source rocks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1144/gsl.sp.1987.026.01.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Herbin JP, Montadert L, Müller C, Gomez R, Thurow J, Wiedmann J. Organic-rich sedimentation at the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary in oceanic and coastal basins in the North Atlantic and Tethys. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1144/gsl.sp.1986.021.01.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Meyers PA, Dunham KW, Dunham PL. Organic geochemistry of Cretaceous organic-carbon-rich shales and limestones from the western North Atlantic Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1144/gsl.sp.1986.021.01.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Brumsack HJ. The inorganic geochemistry of Cretaceous black shales (DSDP Leg 41) in comparison to modern upwelling sediments from the Gulf of California. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1144/gsl.sp.1986.021.01.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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de Graciansky PC, Wylie Poag C, Hailwood EA, Knox RWO, Masson DG, Montadert L, Ravenne C, Müller C, Sibuet JC, Sigal J, Snyder SW, Waples DW, Cunningham R. Evidence for changes in Mesozoic and Cenozoic oceanic circulation on the south-western continental margin of Ireland: DSDP/IPOD Leg 80. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1144/gsl.sp.1986.021.01.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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The early Toarcian and Cenomanian-Turonian anoxic events in Europe: comparisons and contrasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01821208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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