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Qiu Z, Chu C, Wang K, Shen J, Zhu X, Kamran MA, Chen B. Sequential anodic oxidation and cathodic electro-Fenton in the Janus electrified membrane for reagent-free degradation of pollutants. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 246:120674. [PMID: 37857008 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Electrified membrane technologies have recently demonstrated high potential in tackling water pollution, yet their practical applications are challenged by relying on large precursor doses. Here, we developed a Janus porous membrane (JPEM) with synergic direct oxidation by Magnéli phase Ti4O7 anode and electro-Fenton reactions by CuFe2O4 cathode. Organic pollutants were first directly oxidized on the Ti4O7 anode, where the extracted electrons from pollutants were transported to the cathode for electro-Fenton production of hydroxyl radical (·OH). The cathodic ·OH further enhanced the mineralization of organic pollutant degradation intermediates. With the sequential anodic and cathodic oxidation processes, the reagent-free JPEM showed competitive performance in rapid degradation (removal rate of 0.417 mg L-1 s-1) and mineralization (68.7 % decrease in TOC) of sulfamethoxazole. The JPEM system displayed general performance to remove phenol, carbamazepine, and perfluorooctanoic acid. The JPEM runs solely on electricity and oxygen that is comparable to that of PEM relies on large precursor doses and, therefore, operation friendly and environmental sustainability. The high pollutant removal and mineralization achieved by rational design of the reaction processes sheds light on a new approach for constructing an efficient electrified membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qiu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chiheng Chu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianjian Shen
- Dqchance. Science and Technology co Ltd, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Aqeel Kamran
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Baoliang Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China; Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 311400, China.
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2
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Zheng N, Tang X, Lian Y, Ou Z, Zhou Q, Wang R, Hu Z. Low-valent copper on molybdenum triggers molecular oxygen activation to selectively generate singlet oxygen for advanced oxidation processes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131210. [PMID: 36958162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1O2), which is difficult to generate, plays an important role in chemosynthesis, biomedicine and environment. Molecular oxygen (O2) is a green oxidant to produce 1O2 cost-effectively. However, O2 activation is difficult due to its spin-forbidden nature. Moreover, the main products of O2 activation are basically hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radical (•OH), but rarely 1O2. Herein, we innovatively realize the selective generation of 1O2 via O2 activation by a facile molybdenum (Mo)/Cu2+ system. In this system, Mo firstly reduces Cu2+ in solution to low-valence Cu0/Cu+ on its surface. Cu0/Cu+ activates O2 to generate superoxide radical (O2•-). Importantly, O2•- can be captured immediately and oxidized to 1O2 by surface-bound Mo6+ rather than reduced to H2O2. As a result, the Mo/Cu2+ system can selectively produce 1O2. Under air and O2 conditions, the degradation efficiency of ibuprofen by Mo/Cu2+ system is 67.2 % and 76.6 %, respectively. The degradation efficiencies of bisphenol A, rhodamine B and furfuryl alcohol are 77.1 %, 87.7 % and 91.1 %, respectively. The dosages of Mo and Cu2+ are 0.4 g/L and 3 mM, respectively, and the reaction time is 2 h. Interestingly, the activity of Mo decreased by only 4.2 % after 4 cycles. Therefore, this study provides a green pathway to selectively generate 1O2 for advanced oxidation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningchao Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xinhui Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yekai Lian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zheshun Ou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruilin Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhuofeng Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Zhao Y, Sun M, Wang X, Wang C, Lu D, Ma W, Kube SA, Ma J, Elimelech M. Janus electrocatalytic flow-through membrane enables highly selective singlet oxygen production. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6228. [PMID: 33277500 PMCID: PMC7718259 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20071-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of singlet oxygen (1O2) in the environmental and biomedical fields has motivated research for effective 1O2 production. Electrocatalytic processes hold great potential for highly-automated and scalable 1O2 synthesis, but they are energy- and chemical-intensive. Herein, we present a Janus electrocatalytic membrane realizing ultra-efficient 1O2 production (6.9 mmol per m3 of permeate) and very low energy consumption (13.3 Wh per m3 of permeate) via a fast, flow-through electro-filtration process without the addition of chemical precursors. We confirm that a superoxide-mediated chain reaction, initiated by electrocatalytic oxygen reduction on the cathodic membrane side and subsequently terminated by H2O2 oxidation on the anodic membrane side, is crucial for 1O2 generation. We further demonstrate that the high 1O2 production efficiency is mainly attributable to the enhanced mass and charge transfer imparted by nano- and micro-confinement effects within the porous membrane structure. Our findings highlight a new electro-filtration strategy and an innovative reactive membrane design for synthesizing 1O2 for a broad range of potential applications including environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8286, USA
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8286, USA.
| | - Xiaoxiong Wang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8286, USA
| | - Chi Wang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8286, USA
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Dongwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Wen Ma
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8286, USA
| | - Sebastian A Kube
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Menachem Elimelech
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8286, USA.
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Qu X, Bian Y, Chen Y, Wei X. A sensitive BODIPY-based fluorescent probe for detecting endogenous hydroxyl radicals in living cells. RSC Adv 2020; 10:28705-28710. [PMID: 35520039 PMCID: PMC9055842 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05378c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel “turn-on” NIR fluorescent probe was designed and used for monitoring endogenous hydroxyl radical in living cells, which also showed higher selectivity toward hydroxyl radical over other reactive oxygen/nitrogen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Qu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jinzhong University
- Yuci 030619
- China
| | - Yongjun Bian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jinzhong University
- Yuci 030619
- China
| | - Yongqiang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jinzhong University
- Yuci 030619
- China
| | - Xiaoqing Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jinzhong University
- Yuci 030619
- China
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5
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Xuan W, Xia Y, Li T, Wang L, Liu Y, Tan W. Molecular Self-Assembly of Bioorthogonal Aptamer-Prodrug Conjugate Micelles for Hydrogen Peroxide and pH-Independent Cancer Chemodynamic Therapy. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:937-944. [PMID: 31858794 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has demonstrated new possibilities for selective and logical cancer intervention by specific manipulation of dysregulated tumorous free radical homeostasis. Current CDT methods largely rely on conversion of endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into highly toxic hydroxyl radicals via classical Fenton or Haber-Weiss chemistry. However, their anticancer efficacies are greatly limited by the requirement of strong acidity for efficient chemical reactions, insufficient tumorous H2O2, and upregulated antioxidant defense to counteract free radical-caused oxidative damage. Here, we present a new concept whereby bioorthogonal chemistry and prodrug are combined to create a new type of aptamer drug conjugate (ApDC): aptamer-prodrug conjugate (ApPdC) micelle for improved and cancer-targeted CDT. The hydrophobic prodrug bases can not only promote self-assembly of aptamers but also act as free radical generators via bioorthogonal chemistry. In depth mechanistic studies reveal that, unlike traditional CDT systems, ApPdC micelles enable in situ activation and self-cycling generation of toxic C-centered free radicals in cancer cells through cascading bioorthogonal reactions, with no dependence on either H2O2 or pH, yet concurrently with diminished cancerous antioxidation by GSH depletion for a synergistic CDT effect. We expect this work to provide new insights into the design of targeted cancer therapies and studies of free radical-related molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Xuan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , China
| | - Yinghao Xia
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , China
| | - Ting Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , China
| | - Yanlan Liu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , China.,Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences , The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310022 , China.,Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution , 13709 Progress Boulevard , Alachua , Florida 32615 , United States
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6
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Qu X, Song W, Shen Z. A Highly Selective NIR Fluorescent Turn-on Probe for Hydroxyl Radical and Its Application in Living Cell Images. Front Chem 2019; 7:598. [PMID: 31555638 PMCID: PMC6724658 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly selective NIR fluorescent turn-on probe for hydroxyl radical (·OH) has been built up using triphenylphosphine as a reactive-site for ·OH in an energy transfer cassette 2b consisting of 8-2'-(thiophen-2-yl) quinoline (TQ) as a donor and 3,5-diphenylphosphinostyryl-substituted BODIPY as an acceptor, which exhibits ca. 317 nm pseudo Stokes' shift due to efficient through-bond energy transfer (up to 169%). The triphenylphosphine substituent of 2b selectively oxidized by ·OH over the other reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the reactive nitrogen species (RNS) resulting in fluorescence enhancement in aqueous solution and in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Wenting Song
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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7
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Breed D, Meyer LCR, Steyl JCA, Goddard A, Burroughs R, Kohn TA. Conserving wildlife in a changing world: Understanding capture myopathy-a malignant outcome of stress during capture and translocation. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 7:coz027. [PMID: 31304016 PMCID: PMC6612673 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coz027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The number of species that merit conservation interventions is increasing daily with ongoing habitat destruction, increased fragmentation and loss of population connectivity. Desertification and climate change reduce suitable conservation areas. Physiological stress is an inevitable part of the capture and translocation process of wild animals. Globally, capture myopathy-a malignant outcome of stress during capture operations-accounts for the highest number of deaths associated with wildlife translocation. These deaths may not only have considerable impacts on conservation efforts but also have direct and indirect financial implications. Such deaths usually are indicative of how well animal welfare was considered and addressed during a translocation exercise. Importantly, devastating consequences on the continued existence of threatened and endangered species succumbing to this known risk during capture and movement may result. Since first recorded in 1964 in Kenya, many cases of capture myopathy have been described, but the exact causes, pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment for this condition remain to be adequately studied and fully elucidated. Capture myopathy is a condition with marked morbidity and mortality that occur predominantly in wild animals around the globe. It arises from inflicted stress and physical exertion that would typically occur with prolonged or short intense pursuit, capture, restraint or transportation of wild animals. The condition carries a grave prognosis, and despite intensive extended and largely non-specific supportive treatment, the success rate is poor. Although not as common as in wildlife, domestic animals and humans are also affected by conditions with similar pathophysiology. This review aims to highlight the current state of knowledge related to the clinical and pathophysiological presentation, potential treatments, preventative measures and, importantly, the hypothetical causes and proposed pathomechanisms by comparing conditions found in domestic animals and humans. Future comparative strategies and research directions are proposed to help better understand the pathophysiology of capture myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy Breed
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Biodiversity Management Branch, Environmental Management Department, City of Cape Town, Maitland, South Africa
| | - Leith C R Meyer
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
- Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Studies, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Johan C A Steyl
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
- Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Studies, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Amelia Goddard
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
- Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Studies, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Richard Burroughs
- Department of Production Animal Studies, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
- Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Studies, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
- Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Tertius A Kohn
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
- Corresponding author: Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Boundary Road, Cape Town 7725, South Africa. Tel.: +27 21 406 6235;
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8
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Bai X, Huang Y, Lu M, Yang D. HKOH-1: A Highly Sensitive and Selective Fluorescent Probe for Detecting Endogenous Hydroxyl Radicals in Living Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Bai
- Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology; Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Yueyang Huang
- Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology; Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Mingyang Lu
- Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology; Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Dan Yang
- Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology; Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
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9
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Bai X, Huang Y, Lu M, Yang D. HKOH-1: A Highly Sensitive and Selective Fluorescent Probe for Detecting Endogenous Hydroxyl Radicals in Living Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12873-12877. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Bai
- Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology; Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Yueyang Huang
- Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology; Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Mingyang Lu
- Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology; Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Dan Yang
- Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology; Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
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Li J, Zhao Q, Tang Y. Label-Free Fluorescence Assay of S1 Nuclease and Hydroxyl Radicals Based on Water-Soluble Conjugated Polymers and WS₂ Nanosheets. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 16:E865. [PMID: 27304956 PMCID: PMC4934291 DOI: 10.3390/s16060865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We developed a new method for detecting S1 nuclease and hydroxyl radicals based on the use of water-soluble conjugated poly[9,9-bis(6,6-(N,N,N-trimethylammonium)-fluorene)-2,7-ylenevinylene-co-alt-2,5-dicyano-1,4-phenylene)] (PFVCN) and tungsten disulfide (WS₂) nanosheets. Cationic PFVCN is used as a signal reporter, and single-layer WS₂ is used as a quencher with a negatively charged surface. The ssDNA forms complexes with PFVCN due to much stronger electrostatic interactions between cationic PFVCN and anionic ssDNA, whereas PFVCN emits yellow fluorescence. When ssDNA is hydrolyzed by S1 nuclease or hydroxyl radicals into small fragments, the interactions between the fragmented DNA and PFVCN become weaker, resulting in PFVCN being adsorbed on the surface of WS₂ and the fluorescence being quenched through fluorescence resonance energy transfer. The new method based on PFVCN and WS₂ can sense S1 nuclease with a low detection limit of 5 × 10(-6) U/mL. Additionally, this method is cost-effective by using affordable WS₂ as an energy acceptor without the need for dye-labeled ssDNA. Furthermore, the method provides a new platform for the nuclease assay and reactive oxygen species, and provides promising applications for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junting Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Qi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Yanli Tang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
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11
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Venugopal R, Mahesh V, Ekambaram G, Aadithya A, Sakthisekaran D. Protective role of Solanum trilobatum (Solanaeace) against benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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12
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Ali F, Rahul, Naz F, Jyoti S, Siddique YH. Protective effect of apigenin against N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 767:13-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Kwak JY. Fucoidan as a marine anticancer agent in preclinical development. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:851-70. [PMID: 24477286 PMCID: PMC3944519 DOI: 10.3390/md12020851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan is a fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharide derived from brown seaweeds, crude extracts of which are commercially available as nutritional supplements. Recent studies have demonstrated antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, and anticancer properties of fucoidan in vitro. Accordingly, the anticancer effects of fucoidan have been shown to vary depending on its structure, while it can target multiple receptors or signaling molecules in various cell types, including tumor cells and immune cells. Low toxicity and the in vitro effects of fucoidan mentioned above make it a suitable agent for cancer prevention or treatment. However, preclinical development of natural marine products requires in vivo examination of purified compounds in animal tumor models. This review discusses the effects of systemic and local administration of fucoidan on tumor growth, angiogenesis, and immune reaction and whether in vivo and in vitro results are likely applicable to the development of fucoidan as a marine anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Young Kwak
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Immune-Network Pioneer Research Center, Dong-A University, 32, Daesingongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 602-714, Korea.
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Suresh V, Anbazhagan C, Thangam R, Senthilkumar D, Senthilkumar N, Kannan S, Rengasamy R, Palani P. Stabilization of mitochondrial and microsomal function of fucoidan from Sargassum plagiophyllum in diethylnitrosamine induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 92:1377-85. [PMID: 23399167 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Crude fucoidan from Sargassum plagiophyllum extracted from blade and purified by Q-Sepharose fast flow anion-exchange chromatography and three fucoidan fractions were obtained. Maximum sulphate containing fucoidan fraction was considered as purified fucoidan and purity was checked with agarose gel electrophoresis. The monosaccharides of purified fucoidan analysed by HPLC revealed the presence of the sugars such as fucose as a major sugar were 70.8 mol%. The percentages of other sugars were galactose (13.5%), xylose (2.5%) and mannose (11.2%). GPC was used to analyse molecular weight of purified fucoidan and it was found to be 35 kDa. The levels of ICDH, SDH, MDH, a-KGDH, Phase-I biotransformation enzymes, and Phase-II biotransformation enzymes were decreased in cancer bearing animals which may be due to oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage and fucoidan restored these enzyme activities. The inhibition of carcinogen metabolic activation indicates the anticancer activity of fucoidan in DEN induced liver cancer.
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Uncaria tomentosa-Adjuvant Treatment for Breast Cancer: Clinical Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:676984. [PMID: 22811748 PMCID: PMC3395261 DOI: 10.1155/2012/676984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent neoplasm affecting women worldwide. Some of the recommended treatments involve chemotherapy whose toxic effects include leukopenia and neutropenia. This study assessed the effectiveness of Uncaria tomentosa (Ut) in reducing the adverse effects of chemotherapy through a randomized clinical trial. Patients with Invasive Ductal Carcinoma—Stage II, who underwent a treatment regimen known as FAC (Fluorouracil, Doxorubicin, Cyclophosphamide), were divided into two groups: the UtCa received chemotherapy plus 300 mg dry Ut extract per day and the Ca group that only received chemotherapy and served as the control experiment. Blood samples were collected before each one of the six chemotherapy cycles and blood counts, immunological parameters, antioxidant enzymes, and oxidative stress were analyzed. Uncaria tomentosa reduced the neutropenia caused by chemotherapy and was also able to restore cellular DNA damage. We concluded that Ut is an effective adjuvant treatment for breast cancer.
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Filomeni G, Piccirillo S, Rotilio G, Ciriolo MR. p38(MAPK) and ERK1/2 dictate cell death/survival response to different pro-oxidant stimuli via p53 and Nrf2 in neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 83:1349-57. [PMID: 22342995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Redox changes are often reported as causative of neoplastic transformation and chemoresistance, but are also exploited as clinical tools to selectively kill tumor cells. We previously demonstrated that gastrointestinal-derived tumor histotypes are resistant to ROS-based treatments by means of the redox activation of Nrf2, but highly sensitive to disulfide stressors triggering apoptosis via the redox induction of Trx1/p38(MAPK)/p53 signaling pathway. Here, we provide evidence that neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y has a complete opposite behavior, being sensitive to H₂O₂, but resistant to the glutathione (GSH)-oxidizing molecule diamide. Consistent with these observations, the apoptotic pathway activated upon H₂O₂ treatment relies upon Trx1 oxidation, and is mediated by the p38(MAPK)/p53 signaling axis. Pre-treatment with different antioxidants, pharmacological inhibitor of p38(MAPK), or small interfering RNA against p53 rescue cell viability. On the contrary, cell survival to diamide relies upon redox activation of Nrf2, in a way independent on Keap1 oxidation, but responsive to ERK1/2 activation. Chemical inhibition of GSH neo-synthesis or ERK1/2 phosphorylation, as well as overexpression of the dominant-negative form of Nrf2 sensitizes cells to diamide toxicity. In the searching for the molecular determinant(s) unifying these phenomena, we found that SH-SY5Y cells show high GSH levels, but exhibit very low GPx activity. This feature allows to efficiently buffer disulfide stress, but leaves them being vulnerable to H₂O₂-mediated insult. The increase of GPx activity by means of selenium supplementation or GPx1 ectopic expression completely reverses death phenotype, indicating that the response of tumor cells to diverse oxidative stimuli deeply involves the entire GSH redox system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Filomeni
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
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17
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Song IS, Kim HK, Jeong SH, Lee SR, Kim N, Rhee BD, Ko KS, Han J. Mitochondrial peroxiredoxin III is a potential target for cancer therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:7163-85. [PMID: 22072940 PMCID: PMC3211031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12107163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are involved either directly or indirectly in oncogenesis and the alteration of metabolism in cancer cells. Cancer cells contain large numbers of abnormal mitochondria and produce large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the production of ROS and the antioxidant capacity of the cell. Several cancer therapies, such as chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation, disrupt mitochondrial homeostasis and release cytochrome c, leading to apoptosome formation, which activates the intrinsic pathway. This is modulated by the extent of mitochondrial oxidative stress. The peroxiredoxin (Prx) system is a cellular defense system against oxidative stress, and mitochondria in cancer cells are known to contain high levels of Prx III. Here, we review accumulating evidence suggesting that mitochondrial oxidative stress is involved in cancer, and discuss the role of the mitochondrial Prx III antioxidant system as a potential target for cancer therapy. We hope that this review will provide the basis for new strategic approaches in the development of effective cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Sung Song
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 614-7-5, Korea; E-Mails: (I.-S.S.); (H.-K.K.); (S.-H.J.); (S.-R.L.); (N.K.); (B.D.R.); (K.S.K.)
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Uvarani C, Chandraprakash K, Sankaran M, Ata A, Mohan PS. Antioxidant and structure-activity relationships of five tetraoxygenated xanthones from Swertia minor (Griscb.) Knobl. Nat Prod Res 2011; 26:1265-70. [PMID: 21985404 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2011.561494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant activity-guided fractionations of chloroform extract of Swertia minor yielded five known tetraoxygenated xanthones (1-5), of which compound 3 was isolated for the first time from plant sources. Compounds 1-5 were identified with the aid of extensive NMR spectroscopic studies. A relationship between the structural features of 1-5 and their antioxidant activity was also determined. Among these bioactive isolates (1-5), compound 4 exhibited strong scavenging effect in DPPH (IC(50) = 10.31 µg mL(-1)), FRAP (8536.32 ± 34.1 Mmol Fe (II) g(-1)) and metal chelating (17.2 ± 0.88 mg EDTA g(-1)) assays. Compound 5 was potently active in secondary antioxidant assay (i.e. binding to metal ions strongly); however, its primary antioxidant capacity was found to be feeble.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chokkalingam Uvarani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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19
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Das UN. Essential fatty acids enhance free radical generation and lipid peroxidation to induce apoptosis of tumor cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.11.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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20
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Singh PP, Chandra A, Mahdi F, Roy A, Sharma P. Reconvene and reconnect the antioxidant hypothesis in human health and disease. Indian J Clin Biochem 2010; 25:225-43. [PMID: 21731194 PMCID: PMC3001844 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-010-0078-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidants are essential molecules in human system but are not miracle molecules. They are neither performance enhancers nor can prevent or cure diseases when taken in excess. Their supplemental value is debateable. In fact, many high quality clinical trials on antioxidant supplement have shown no effect or adverse outcomes ranging from morbidity to all cause mortality. Several Chochrane Meta-analysis and Markov Model techniques, which are presently best available statistical models to derive conclusive answers for comparing large number of trials, support these claims. Nevertheless none of these statistical techniques are flawless. Hence, more efforts are needed to develop perfect statistical model to analyze the pooled data and further double blind, placebo controlled interventional clinical trials, which are gold standard, should be implicitly conducted to get explicit answers. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase are termed as primary antioxidants as these scavenge superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide. All these three enzymes are inducible enzymes, thereby inherently meaning that body increases or decreases their activity as per requirement. Hence there is no need to attempt to manipulate their activity nor have such efforts been clinically useful. SOD administration has been tried in some conditions especially in cancer and myocardial infarction but has largely failed, probably because SOD is a large molecule and can not cross cell membrane. The dietary antioxidants, including nutrient antioxidants are chain breaking antioxidants and in tandem with enzyme antioxidants temper the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) within physiological limits. Since body is able to regulate its own requirements of enzyme antioxidants, the diet must provide adequate quantity of non-enzymic antioxidants to meet the normal requirements and provide protection in exigent condition. So far, there is no evidence that human tissues ever experience the torrent of reactive species and that in chronic conditions with mildly enhanced generation of reactive species, the body can meet them squarely if antioxidants defense system in tissues is biochemically optimized. We are not yet certain about optimal levels of antioxidants in tissues. Two ways have been used to assess them: first by dietary intake and second by measuring plasma levels. Lately determination of plasma/serum level of antioxidants is considered better index for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. The recommended levels for vitamin A, E and C and beta carotene are 2.2-2.8 μmol/l; 27.5-30 μmol/l; 40-50 μmol/l and 0.4-0.5 μmol/l, respectively. The requirement and recommended blood levels of other dietary antioxidants are not established. The resolved issues are (1) essential to scavenge excess of radical species (2) participants in redox homeostasis (3) selective antioxidants activity against radical species (4) there is no universal antioxidant and 5) therapeutic value in case of deficiency. The overarching issues are (1) therapeutic value as adjuvant therapy in management of diseases (2) supplemental value in developing population (3) selective interactivity of antioxidant in different tissues and on different substrates (4) quantitative contribution in redox balance (5) mechanisms of adverse action on excess supplementation (6) advantages and disadvantages of prooxidant behavior of antioxidants (7) behavior in cohorts with polymorphic differences (8) interaction and intervention in radiotherapy, diabetes and diabetic complications and cardiovascular diseases (9) preventive behavior in neurological disorders (10) benefits of non-nutrient dietary antioxidants (11) markers to assess optimized antioxidants status (12) assessment of benefits of supplementation in alcoholics and heavy smokers. The unresolved and intriguing issues are (1) many compounds such as vitamin A and many others possessing both antioxidant and non-antioxidant properties contribute to both the activities in vivo or exclusively only to non-antioxidant activity and (2) since human tissues do not experience the surge of FR, whether there is any need to develop stronger synthetic antioxidants. Theoretically such antioxidants may do more harm than good.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. P. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow, UP India
| | - Anu Chandra
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow, UP India
| | - Farzana Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow, UP India
| | - Ajanta Roy
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow, UP India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow, UP India
- Department of Biochemistry, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, India
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Hofmann J, Easmon J, Puerstinger G, Heinisch G, Jenny M, Shtil AA, Hermann M, Condorelli DF, Sciré S, Musumarra G. N-benzoxazol-2-yl-N′-1-(isoquinolin-3-yl-ethylidene)-hydrazine, a novel compound with antitumor activity, induces radicals and dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential. Invest New Drugs 2008; 27:189-202. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-008-9156-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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22
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Chow JM, Liu CR, Lin CP, Lee CN, Cheng YC, Lin S, Liu HE. Downregulation of c-Myc determines sensitivity to 2-methoxyestradiol–induced apoptosis in human acute myeloid leukemia. Exp Hematol 2008; 36:140-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2007.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2007] [Revised: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 10/25/2007] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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23
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de Bem AF, de Lima Portella R, Farina M, Perottoni J, Paixão MW, Nogueira CW, Teixeira Rocha JB. Low Toxicity of Diphenyl Diselenide in Rabbits: A Long-Term Study. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2007; 101:47-55. [PMID: 17577316 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00073.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Selenium compounds, like diphenyl diselenide (Ph(2)Se(2)), possess glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx)-like activities and other antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a long-term oral supplementation with Ph(2)Se(2) on various toxicological parameters in rabbits. Adult New Zealand male rabbits were divided into four groups: Group I served as control; Groups II, III and IV received 0.3, 3.0 and 30 p.p.m. of Ph(2)Se(2) pulverized in the chow for 8 months. A number of toxicological parameters were examined in liver, kidney, cerebral cortex and hippocampus, such as delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase (delta-ALA-D), catalase (CAT), GSHPx activities, non-protein thiol (-SH), lipid peroxidation and ascorbic acid levels. The results indicated that supplementation 30 p.p.m. Ph(2)Se(2 )significantly increased delta-ALA-D activity in liver and in cerebral cortex. Non-protein -SH levels were significantly increased in liver but not in kidney, cerebral cortex and hippocampus of rabbits. Ascorbic acid content was significantly lower in the liver and cerebral cortex after supplementation with 30 p.p.m. Ph(2)Se(2). Conversely, no alterations in GSHPx and CAT activities, nor in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels were observed in rabbit tissues. These results indicate that oral supplementation with Ph(2)Se(2) is relatively secure in rabbits after 8 months of exposure. The findings encourage further experiments on the potential therapeutic effects of such compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreza Fabro de Bem
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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24
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Filomeni G, Cerchiaro G, Da Costa Ferreira AM, De Martino A, Pedersen JZ, Rotilio G, Ciriolo MR. Pro-apoptotic activity of novel Isatin-Schiff base copper(II) complexes depends on oxidative stress induction and organelle-selective damage. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:12010-21. [PMID: 17327230 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m610927200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We characterized the pro-apoptotic activity of two new synthesized isatin-Schiff base copper(II) complexes, obtained from isatin and 1,3-diaminopropane or 2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine: (Cu(isapn)) and (Cu(isaepy)(2)), respectively. We demonstrated that these compounds trigger apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. The early induction of the p53/p21 system indicates a role for p53 in cell death, however, experiments carried out with small interfering RNA against p53, or with cells lacking p53, support that a p53-independent mechanism can also occur. The extent of apoptosis mirrors the kinetics of intracellular copper uptake. Particularly, Cu(isaepy)(2) enters the cells more efficiently and specifically damages nuclei and mitochondria, as evidenced by atomic absorption analysis of copper content and by the extent of nuclear and mitochondrial integrity. Conversely, Cu(isapn), although less permeable, induces a wide-spread oxidative stress, as demonstrated by analyses of reactive oxygen species concentration, and oxidation of proteins and lipids. The increase of the antioxidant defense, through the overexpression of Cu,Zn-SOD, partially counteracts cell death; whereas retinoic acid-mediated differentiation completely rescues cells from apoptosis induced by both compounds. The activation of JNK- and Akt-mediated phosphorylative pathways has been found to be not functional for apoptosis induction. On the contrary, apoptosis significantly decreased when the analogous zinc complex was used or when Cu(isaepy)(2) was incubated in the presence of a copper chelator. Altogether, our data provide evidence for a dual role of these copper(II) complexes: they are able to vehicle copper into the cell, thus producing reactive oxygen species, and could behave as delocalized lipophilic cation-like molecules, thus specifically targeting organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Filomeni
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
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25
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Rana VS, Rawat MSM. A New Xanthone Glycoside and Antioxidant Constituents from the Rhizomes ofSwertia speciosa. Chem Biodivers 2005; 2:1310-5. [PMID: 17191931 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200590102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
From the rhizomes of Swertia speciosa, a traditional medicinal plant from the Himalayan region of Uttaranchal (North India), a new constituent, 6-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-1-[(6-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-9H-xanthen-9-one (8), was isolated, together with nine known compounds. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical, physical, and spectroscopic evidence. Both the acetone and MeOH extracts, as well as the known constituents ursolic acid (5) and 1,5,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-9H-xanthen-9-one (6) exhibited potent antioxidant activities in different biological assays (Table 2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Virendra S Rana
- Department of Chemistry, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar (Garhwal)-246174, Uttaranchal, India.
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26
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Iqbal J, Minhajuddin M, Beg ZH. Suppression of diethylnitrosamine and 2-acetylaminofluorene-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats by tocotrienol-rich fraction isolated from rice bran oil. Eur J Cancer Prev 2005; 13:515-20. [PMID: 15548946 DOI: 10.1097/00008469-200412000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The anticancer efficacy of tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) was evaluated during diethylnitrosamine (DEN)/2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in male Sprague-Dawley rats. TRF treatment was carried out for 6 months, and was started 2 weeks before initiation phase of hepatocarcinogenesis. Morphological examination of the livers from DEN/AAF rats showed numerous off-white patches and few small nodules, which were significantly reduced by TRF treatment. Cytotoxic damage by DEN/AAF was estimated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) release into the plasma from the cell membranes. DEN/AAF caused a twofold increase in the activity of ALP in plasma as compared with normal control rats, and this increase was prevented significantly by TRF treatment. We observed an increase of 79% in liver ALP activity in DEN/AAF rats, which was further increased by another 48% after the administration of TRF. Hepatic activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) was also increased (3.5-fold) during the induction of hepatic carcinogenesis. Lipid peroxidation and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation increased threefold following initiation by DEN/AAF as compared with normal control rats. However, TRF treatment to DEN/AAF-treated rats substantially decreased (62-66%) the above parameters and thus limited the action of DEN/AAF. We conclude that long-term intake of TRF could reduce cancer risk by preventing hepatic lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation damage due to its antioxidant actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Iqbal
- Anatomy & Cell Biology, Box #5, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY-11203, USA.
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27
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Ambrosone CB, Ahn J, Singh KK, Rezaishiraz H, Furberg H, Sweeney C, Coles B, Trovato A. Polymorphisms in Genes Related to Oxidative Stress ( MPO, MnSOD, CAT) and Survival After Treatment for Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.1105.65.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The proximate cause of cancer cell death by radiation therapy and a number of therapeutic agents is through generation of reactive oxygen species, resulting in DNA damage as well as mitochondrial membrane disruption, triggering the apoptotic cascade. Because mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase catalyzes conversion of superoxide radicals to H2O2, with catalase neutralizing H2O2 and myeloperoxidase converting H2O2 to highly reactive hypochlorous acid, we hypothesized that gene variants could impact the efficacy of treatment for breast cancer and improve survival. Women who were treated with radiation and/or chemotherapy for incident breast cancer at the Arkansas Cancer Research Center from 1985 to 1996 were identified. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded normal tissue (n = 279), and MnSOD, CAT, and MPO genotypes were determined using mass spectrometry. Cox proportional hazards models were adjusted for age, race, stage with node status, and estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status. Women who were homozygous for MPO G alleles, associated with increased transcription, had better survival (hazard ratio, 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.38-0.95; P = 0.03) than those with common alleles. Both CAT TT and MnSOD CC genotypes were associated with nonsignificant reduced hazard of death. When we combined genotypes associated with higher levels of reactive oxygen species for MnSOD and MPO, women with MnSOD CC and MPO GG genotypes had a 3-fold decrease in hazard of death (hazard ratio, 0.33; 95% confidence interval, 0.13-0.80; P = 0.01). These data indicate that gene variants that impact oxidative stress modify prognosis after treatment for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiyoung Ahn
- 1Epidemiology, Departments of
- 4Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | | | | | - Helena Furberg
- 5Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Carol Sweeney
- 6Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Health Research Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Brian Coles
- 7Division of Molecular Epidemiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas; and
| | - Andrew Trovato
- 8Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
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Hayashi M, Kim SW, Imanaka-Yoshida K, Yoshida T, Abel ED, Eliceiri B, Yang Y, Ulevitch RJ, Lee JD. Targeted deletion of BMK1/ERK5 in adult mice perturbs vascular integrity and leads to endothelial failure. J Clin Invest 2004; 113:1138-48. [PMID: 15085193 PMCID: PMC385403 DOI: 10.1172/jci19890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2003] [Accepted: 01/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Big mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (BMK1), also known as ERK5, is a member of the MAPK family. Genetic ablation of BMK1 in mice leads to embryonic lethality, precluding the exploration of pathophysiological roles of BMK1 in adult mice. We generated a BMK1 conditional mutation in mice in which disruption of the BMK1 gene is under the control of the inducible Mx1-Cre transgene. Ablation of BMK1 in adult mice led to lethality within 2-4 weeks after the induction of Cre recombinase. Physiological analysis showed that the blood vessels became abnormally leaky after deletion of the BMK1 gene. Histological analysis revealed that, after BMK1 ablation, hemorrhages occurred in multiple organs in which endothelial cells lining the blood vessels became round, irregularly aligned, and, eventually, apoptotic. In vitro removal of BMK1 protein also led to the death of endothelial cells partially due to the deregulation of transcriptional factor MEF2C, which is a direct substrate of BMK1. Additionally, endothelial-specific BMK1-KO leads to cardiovascular defects identical to that of global BMK1-KO mutants, whereas, surprisingly, mice lacking BMK1 in cardiomyocytes developed to term without any apparent defects. Taken together, the data provide direct genetic evidence that the BMK1 pathway is critical for endothelial function and for maintaining blood vessel integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Hayashi
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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29
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Hayashi M, Kim SW, Imanaka-Yoshida K, Yoshida T, Abel ED, Eliceiri B, Yang Y, Ulevitch RJ, Lee JD. Targeted deletion of BMK1/ERK5 in adult mice perturbs vascular integrity and leads to endothelial failure. J Clin Invest 2004. [DOI: 10.1172/jci200419890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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30
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Singh JPV, Selvendiran K, Banu SM, Padmavathi R, Sakthisekaran D. Protective role of Apigenin on the status of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense against hepatocarcinogenesis in Wistar albino rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2004; 11:309-14. [PMID: 15185843 DOI: 10.1078/0944711041495254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Apigenin, a dietary plant derived flavone subclass of flavonoid is expected to play a role in cancer chemoprevention and cancer chemotherapy. Here we designed our experiment to establish whether treatment of apigenin (25 mg/kg body weight) for 14 consecutive days to (N-nitrosodiethylamine) DEN induced (200 mg/kg body weight; by single ip. injection) and phenobarbital promoted (0.05% through drinking water for 14 successive weeks) rats provide protection against the oxidative stress caused by the carcinogen. The level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) markedly increased in carcinogen administered animals, which was brought back to near normal by apigenin treatment. In contrast the activities/levels of the antioxidant status both in liver and kidney were decreased in carcinogen administered animals, which was recouped back to near normal upon apigenin administration. From our findings we concluded that apigenin prevents LPO and protects antioxidant system in DEN induced and phenobarbital promoted hepatocellular carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Prince Vijeya Singh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr.ALM.Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani campus, Chennai, India.
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31
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Filomeni G, Rotilio G, Ciriolo MR. Glutathione disulfide induces apoptosis in U937 cells by a redox-mediated p38 MAP kinase pathway. FASEB J 2003; 17:64-6. [PMID: 12424221 DOI: 10.1096/fj.02-0105fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the intracellular reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG) are crucial reduction-oxidation (redox) events that trigger downstream proliferation or death responses. We investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying redox-mediated cell signaling upon an oxidative insult by treating U937 cells with exogenous nonpermeable GSSG. This treatment results in a significant decrease of exofacial cell membrane thiol groups and intracellular decrement of GSH content, owing to its engagement in the formation of mixed disulfides. Changes in thioredoxin redox state were also observed, and they may be related to the activation of upstream ASK1 and selective induction of downstream p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, detectable by phosphorylation of MKK3/6 and p38 MAPK. Moreover, an increase in reactive oxygen species production was detected, and cells were committed to apoptosis along the mitochondrial pathway, evidenced by Bcl-2 down-regulation, cytochome c release from mitochondria, caspase-9 cleavage, and caspase-3 activation. GSH ethyl ester, a precursor of GSH, by counteracting intracellular mixed disulfide formation, canceled both p38 MAPK activation and GSSG-mediated apoptosis via inhibition of thioredoxin oxidation and stabilization of thioredoxin/ASK1 complex, whereas, blockage of p38 MAPK by specific inhibitor SB 203580 allowed apoptosis at a very reduced extent. Results suggest that kinase cascade may serve as a primary transducer of cytoplasmic oxidative signals to the nucleus before apoptosis-inducing signals are activated.
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Cuda G, Paternò R, Ceravolo R, Candigliota M, Perrotti N, Perticone F, Faniello MC, Schepis F, Ruocco A, Mele E, Cassano S, Bifulco M, Santillo M, Avvedimento EV. Protection of human endothelial cells from oxidative stress: role of Ras-ERK1/2 signaling. Circulation 2002; 105:968-74. [PMID: 11864927 DOI: 10.1161/hc0802.104324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species play a critical role in inducing apoptosis. The small GTPase p21 Ras and the ERK1/2 MAPK have been proposed as key regulators of the signaling cascade triggered by oxidative stress (H2O2). Harvey-Ras (Ha-Ras) and Kirsten-Ras (Ki-Ras) isoforms are so far functionally indistinguishable, because they activate the same downstream effectors, including ERK1/2. Moreover, ERK1/2 signaling has been involved in both protection and induction of apoptosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were subjected to H2O2, and apoptosis was detected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, fluorescence microscopy, and caspase-3 activation. Transfection of Ha-Ras and Ki-Ras genes in HUVECs was performed to evaluate the response to H2O2. We have found that, whereas Ha-Ras decreases tolerance to oxidative stress, Ki-Ras has a potent antiapoptotic activity. Both effects are mediated by ERK1/2. Tolerance to H2O2 is encoded by a unique stretch of lysines at the COOH terminus of the Ki-Ras, lacking in Ha-Ras, and it is relatively independent of the farnesylated anchor. Inhibition of p21 Ras signaling by farnesylation inhibitors increased the resistance to apoptosis in Ha-Ras-expressing cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings explain the opposite effects of ERK1/2 stimulation on apoptosis found in different cell types and suggest that local activation of ERK1/2 signaling may account for the opposing response to oxidative stress by Ha-Ras or Ki-Ras-expressing cells. Modulation of cell reactivity to oxidative stress by p21 Ras points to the specific and predictive effects of Ras inhibitors in vivo as potential therapeutic drugs in disorders produced by increase of reactive oxygen species inside the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Cuda
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica G. Salvatore, Università di Catanzaro Magna Graecia, Napoli, Italy
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Fang Y, Hu M, Liu K. Interplays between genetic and environmental mechanisms trigger tumorigenic VEGF signalling in human HCC cell lines: pilot study. Biomed Pharmacother 2002; 56:50-5. [PMID: 11905510 DOI: 10.1016/s0753-3322(01)00148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The 'angiogenic switch' concept has been used to discover various pro- and anti-angiogenic molecules as pharmacotherapeutic strategies for cancers and other ischemic and inflammatory diseases; however, surprisingly little is known about the 'tumor angiogenic switch' in response to complex interplay between environmental and genetic mechanisms that are most importantly, hypothesis-driven, largely unsolved at the postgenomic level. The present study's aim is to identify those interplays between the expressing green fluorescence protein (EGFP) transcript and redox-driven vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) upstream mechanisms that influence tumorigenic VEGF signalling, by using multifactorial orthogonal statistical analyses, the non-transfected and transfected human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines, and quantitative 'sandwich' Elisa immunoassays. The unique results indicate valuable findings on the postgenomic level as follows. Fusion of the EGFP significantly triggers tumorigenic VEGF signalling in three E3-, F11- and A(3-1)-transfected human HCC cell lines, compared with the parental EGFP-free malignant hepatocellular carcinoma (MHCC)1 cell line; Redox-regulated VEGF upstream mechanism interplays dramatically mediate dual responses, either down- or upregulating tumorigenic VEGF signalling, which depends on individual post-transcriptional regulation or upstream modification of the VEGF promoter in the three MHCC1, SMCC7721 and doxorubicin-resistance 7402/D+ non-transfected human HCC cell lines; and mechanism-based strategies for stimulating beta-adrenergic and P2-purinergic signal transduction and counteracting O2 and Ca2+-inflow significantly trigger tumorigenic VEGF signalling in ATRA/ATRP-driven networks, compared with controls of the non-transfected cell types examined. The contrast data offer first pilot paradigms of searching for hypothesis-driven multifactorial interplays on tumorigenic VEGF signalling, which are valuable for further deciphering postgenome-wide VEGF upstream regulatory networks of switching on the tumor angiogenesis, and developing mechanism-based novel pharmacotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Experimental Research Center, Zhong Shan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Wang LI, Miller DP, Sai Y, Liu G, Su L, Wain JC, Lynch TJ, Christiani DC. Manganese superoxide dismutase alanine-to-valine polymorphism at codon 16 and lung cancer risk. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001; 93:1818-21. [PMID: 11734599 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/93.23.1818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L I Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Bldg. 1 Rm. 1402, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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