1
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Martirossyan MM, Spellings M, Pan H, Dshemuchadse J. Local Structural Features Elucidate Crystallization of Complex Structures. ACS NANO 2024; 18:14989-15002. [PMID: 38815007 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Complex crystal structures are composed of multiple local environments, and how this type of order emerges spontaneously during crystal growth has yet to be fully understood. We study crystal growth across various structures and along different crystallization pathways, using self-assembly simulations of identical particles that interact via multiwell isotropic pair potentials. We apply an unsupervised machine learning method to features from bond-orientational order metrics to identify different local motifs present during a given structure's crystallization process. In this manner, we distinguish different crystallographic sites in highly complex structures. Tailoring this order parameter to structures of varying complexity and coordination number, we study the emergence of local order along a multistep crystal growth pathway─from a low-density fluid to a high-density, supercooled amorphous liquid droplet and to a bulk crystal. We find a consistent under-coordination of the liquid relative to the average coordination number in the bulk crystal. We use our order parameter to analyze the geometrically frustrated growth of a Frank-Kasper phase and discover how structural defects compete with the formation of crystallographic sites that are more high-coordinated than the liquid environments. The method presented here for classifying order on a particle-by-particle level has broad applicability to future studies of structural self-assembly and crystal growth, and they can aid in the design of building blocks and for targeting pathways of formation of soft-matter structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya M Martirossyan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Matthew Spellings
- Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Hillary Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Julia Dshemuchadse
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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2
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Stones AE, Aarts DGAL. Measuring many-body distribution functions in fluids using test-particle insertion. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:194502. [PMID: 37975484 DOI: 10.1063/5.0172664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We derive a hierarchy of equations, which allow a general n-body distribution function to be measured by test-particle insertion of between 1 and n particles. We apply it to measure the pair and three-body distribution functions in a simple fluid using snapshots from Monte Carlo simulations in the grand canonical ensemble. The resulting distribution functions obtained from insertion methods are compared with the conventional distance-histogram method: the insertion approach is shown to overcome the drawbacks of the histogram method, offering enhanced structural resolution and a more straightforward normalization. At high particle densities, the insertion method starts breaking down, which can be delayed by utilizing the underlying hierarchical structure of the insertion method. Our method will be especially useful in characterizing the structure of inhomogeneous fluids and investigating closure approximations in liquid state theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Edward Stones
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk G A L Aarts
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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3
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Chu W, Yu J, Ren N, Wang Z, Hu L. A fractal structural feature related to dynamic crossover in metallic glass-forming liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:4151-4160. [PMID: 36655679 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04840j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic crossover in supercooled liquids initially predicted by model coupling theory has been widely accepted, but its underlying structural origin is still an open issue for glass-forming liquids. By molecular dynamics simulations of binary CuZr liquids, the present work verifies that high pressure could enhance this crossover, facilitating the studies on the structural features at the crossover temperature Tc. We discover that the topological connectivity of icosahedral clusters is responsible for this dynamic crossover, rather than all clusters. Tc is the temperature at which the connectivity degree between these clusters reaches a maximum and the dynamic heterogeneity begins to keep stable. Below Tc, the fractal topological structures appear in the medium-range order scale. The icosahedral clusters with a certain connectivity pattern can be regarded as a fractal structural unit. By employing the established fractal analysis method, the fractal dimension D of the icosahedral network is calculated. Our results indicate that the D value increases monotonically with increasing pressure and the fractal behavior of the icosahedral network is an inherent feature of metallic glasses. We also find similar fractal behavior in clusters with high local five-fold symmetry. Our findings shed light on the origin of a dynamic crossover in the deep supercooled region of metallic glasses and also demonstrate the important role of icosahedral clusters in uncovering the fractal behavior of metallic glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Jinhua Yu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Nannan Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243032, Anhui Provence, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Lina Hu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
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4
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Song X, Zhang X, Chang Q, Yao X, Li M, Zhang R, Liu X, Song C, Ng YXA, Ang EH, Ou Z. High-Resolution Electron Tomography of Ultrathin Boerdijk-Coxeter-Bernal Nanowire Enabled by Superthin Metal Surface Coating. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203310. [PMID: 36084232 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rapid advancement of transmission electron microscopy has resulted in revolutions in a variety of fields, including physics, chemistry, and materials science. With single-atom resolution, 3D information of each atom in nanoparticles is revealed, while 4D electron tomography is shown to capture the atomic structural kinetics in metal nanoparticles after phase transformation. Quantitative measurements of physical and chemical properties such as chemical coordination, defects, dislocation, and local strain have been made. However, due to the incompatibility of high dose rate with other ultrathin morphologies, such as nanowires, atomic electron tomography has been primarily limited to quasi-spherical nanoparticles. Herein, the 3D atomic structure of a complex core-shell nanowire composed of an ultrathin Boerdijk-Coxeter-Bernal (BCB) core nanowire and a noble metal thin layer shell deposited on the BCB nanowire surface is discovered. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that a new superthin noble metal layer deposition on an ultrathin BCB nanowire could mitigate electron beam damage using an in situ transmission electron microscope and atomic resolution electron tomography. The colloidal coating method developed for electron tomography can be broadly applied to protect the ultrathin nanomaterials from electron beam damage, benefiting both the advanced material characterizations and enabling fundamental in situ mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230009, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley & The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Xingyu Zhang
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacting, Beijing University of Technology, Pingleyuan 100, Beijng, 100124, China
| | - Qiang Chang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230009, China
| | - Xin Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230009, China
| | - Mufan Li
- Chemistry Department, University of California at Berkeley & Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ruopeng Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley & The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Xiaotao Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley & The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Chengyu Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley & The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yun Xin Angel Ng
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637616, Singapore
| | - Edison Huixiang Ang
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637616, Singapore
| | - Zihao Ou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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5
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Yuan Y, Kim DS, Zhou J, Chang DJ, Zhu F, Nagaoka Y, Yang Y, Pham M, Osher SJ, Chen O, Ercius P, Schmid AK, Miao J. Three-dimensional atomic packing in amorphous solids with liquid-like structure. NATURE MATERIALS 2022; 21:95-102. [PMID: 34663951 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-01114-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Liquids and solids are two fundamental states of matter. However, our understanding of their three-dimensional atomic structure is mostly based on physical models. Here we use atomic electron tomography to experimentally determine the three-dimensional atomic positions of monatomic amorphous solids, namely a Ta thin film and two Pd nanoparticles. We observe that pentagonal bipyramids are the most abundant atomic motifs in these amorphous materials. Instead of forming icosahedra, the majority of pentagonal bipyramids arrange into pentagonal bipyramid networks with medium-range order. Molecular dynamics simulations further reveal that pentagonal bipyramid networks are prevalent in monatomic metallic liquids, which rapidly grow in size and form more icosahedra during the quench from the liquid to the glass state. These results expand our understanding of the atomic structures of amorphous solids and will encourage future studies on amorphous-crystalline phase and glass transitions in non-crystalline materials with three-dimensional atomic resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Yuan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dennis S Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jihan Zhou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dillan J Chang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fan Zhu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Yao Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Minh Pham
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stanley J Osher
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ou Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Peter Ercius
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Andreas K Schmid
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jianwei Miao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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6
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Zhan N, Kitchin JR. Origin of the Stokes–Einstein deviation in liquid Al–Si. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2021.2012572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ni Zhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John R. Kitchin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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7
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Yu CH, Lo CC, Chen KH, Chang YR, Chen CW, Wen CY. Self-assembly nuclei with a preferred orientation at the extended hydrophobic surface toward textured growth of ZnO nanorods in aqueous chemical bath deposition. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:175603. [PMID: 33455957 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abdc8c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Textured growth of ZnO nanorods with no restriction of the substrate material is beneficial to their applications. The approaches to grow ZnO nanorods with texture are based on preparing suitable surface structure on the growth substrate, e.g. using a crystalline substrate with a specific surface structures or pre-depositing seed layers by high-temperature annealing of precursors. In the aqueous nutrient solution of the chemical bath deposition (CBD) process for ZnO growth, the concentration of Zn2+ ions at the extended hydrophobic surface is sufficiently high for forming self-assembly nuclei with a preferred orientation, resulting in the subsequent textured growth of ZnO nanorods. In this research, the hydrophobic surface is prepared by modifying Si surface with a self-assembly octadecyltrimethoxysilane (OTMS) monolayer. The formation mechanism of the nuclei on this hydrophobic surface for the textured growth of ZnO nanorods is investigated. It is shown that the nuclei form at the beginning of the CBD process and later transform into the Wurtzite structure to seed ZnO growth. An alternative approach to prepare seed layers is therefore involved in the aqueous CBD process, which is applicable to a range of hydrophobic substrates for textured growth of ZnO nanorods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chen Lo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hung Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Ren Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yen Wen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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8
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Moniri S, Bale H, Volkenandt T, Wang Y, Gao J, Lu T, Sun K, Ritchie RO, Shahani AJ. Multi-Step Crystallization of Self-Organized Spiral Eutectics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1906146. [PMID: 31970892 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201906146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A method for the solidification of metallic alloys involving spiral self-organization is presented as a new strategy for producing large-area chiral patterns with emergent structural and optical properties, with attention to the underlying mechanism and dynamics. This study reports the discovery of a new growth mode for metastable, two-phase spiral patterns from a liquid metal. Crystallization proceeds via a non-classical, two-step pathway consisting of the initial formation of a polytetrahedral seed crystal, followed by ordering of two solid phases that nucleate heterogeneously on the seed and grow in a strongly coupled fashion. Crystallographic defects within the seed provide a template for spiral self-organization. These observations demonstrate the ubiquity of defect-mediated growth in multi-phase materials and establish a pathway toward bottom-up synthesis of chiral materials with an inter-phase spacing comparable to the wavelength of infrared light. Given that liquids often possess polytetrahedral short-range order, our results are applicable to many systems undergoing multi-step crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Moniri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | | | | | - Yeqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jianrong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Tianxiang Lu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Robert O Ritchie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ashwin J Shahani
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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9
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Pingua N, Apte PA. Topological Identification Criteria, Stability, and Relevance of Pentagonal Nanochannels in Amorphous Ice. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:10301-10310. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b08877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nandlal Pingua
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Pankaj A. Apte
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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10
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Zhang Q, Wang J, Tang S, Wang Y, Li J, Zhou W, Wang Z. Molecular dynamics investigation of the local structure in iron melts and its role in crystal nucleation during rapid solidification. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:4122-4135. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05654d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nucleation process of a bcc crystal after the formation of an MRO cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi’an 710072
- P. R. China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi’an 710072
- P. R. China
| | - Sai Tang
- Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
| | - Yujian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi’an 710072
- P. R. China
| | - Junjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi’an 710072
- P. R. China
| | - Wenquan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi’an 710072
- P. R. China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi’an 710072
- P. R. China
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11
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Xie L, An H, Peng Q, Qin Q, Zhang Y. Sensitive Five-Fold Local Symmetry to Kinetic Energy of Depositing Atoms in Cu-Zr Thin Film Growth. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11122548. [PMID: 30558167 PMCID: PMC6315649 DOI: 10.3390/ma11122548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the glass formation ability of Cu-Zr alloy by molecular dynamics simulation of the deposition process. The atomistic structures of ZrxCu100−x metallic glass films have been systematically examined under the growth conditions of hypereutectic-eutectic, near-eutectic, and hypoeutectic regions by the radial distribution function and simulated X-ray diffraction. The structure analysis using Voronoi polyhedron index method demonstrates the variations of short-range order and five-fold local symmetry in ZrxCu100−x metallic glass films with respect to the growth conditions. We manifest that the five-fold local symmetry is sensitive to the kinetic energy of the depositing atoms. There is positive correlation between the degree of five-fold local symmetry and glass forming ability. Our results suggest that sputtering conditions greatly affect the local atomic structures and consequential properties. The glass forming ability could be scaled by the degree of five-fold local symmetry. Our study might be useful in optimizing sputtering conditions in real experiments, as well as promising implications in material design of advanced glassy materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xie
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Haojie An
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Qing Peng
- Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA.
| | - Qin Qin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
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12
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Dhiman I, Kimber SAJ, Mehta A, Chatterji T. A neutron tomography study: probing the spontaneous crystallization of randomly packed granular assemblies. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17637. [PMID: 30518966 PMCID: PMC6281579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36331-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the spontaneous crystallization of an assembly of highly monodisperse steel spheres under shaking, as it evolves from localized icosahedral ordering towards a packing reaching crystalline ordering. Towards this end, real space neutron tomography measurements on the granular assembly are carried out, as it is systematically subjected to a variation of frequency and amplitude. As expected, we see a presence of localized icosahedral ordering in the disordered initial state (packing fraction ≈ 0.62). As the frequency is increased for both the shaking amplitudes (0.2 and 0.6 mm) studied here, there is a rise in packing fraction, accompanied by an evolution to crystallinity. The extent of crystallinity is found to depend on both the amplitude and frequency of shaking. We find that the icosahedral ordering remains localized and its extent does not grow significantly, while the crystalline ordering grows rapidly as an ordering transition point is approached. In the ordered state, crystalline clusters of both face centered cubic (FCC) and hexagonal close packed (HCP) types are identified, the latter of which grows from stacking faults. Our study shows that an earlier domination of FCC gives way to HCP ordering at higher shaking frequencies, suggesting that despite their coexistence, there is a subtle dynamical competition at play. This competition depends on both shaking amplitude and frequency, as our results as well as those of earlier theoretical simulations demonstrate. It is likely that this involves the very small free energy difference between the two structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Dhiman
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831, USA.
| | - Simon A J Kimber
- Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Université de Bourgogne, ICB-Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, Bâtiment Sciences Mirande, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, B-P. 47870, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Anita Mehta
- Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, Inselstrasse 22, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tapan Chatterji
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France.
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13
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Das T, Douglas JF. Quantifying structural dynamic heterogeneity in a dense two-dimensional equilibrium liquid. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:144504. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5037282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tamoghna Das
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA and Maryland Nanocenter, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Jack F. Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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14
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Tian ZA, Dong KJ, Yu AB. Local rotational symmetry in the packing of uniform spheres. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:14588-14595. [PMID: 28537304 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01152k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Local rotational symmetry (LRS) of a particulate system is important for understanding its structure and phase transition. However, how to properly characterize LRS for this system is still a challenge as the system normally includes both ordered and disordered local structures. Herein, based on the so-called common neighbour subcluster (CNS), we proposed a method to characterize the LRS of uniform spheres packings with the packing fraction ρ ranging within 0.20 and 0.74. It was found that different fold LRSs coexist in most packings, and their maximum degree increases at ρ < 0.64, except for the 2-fold LRS held by 6-sphere CNS that continuously increases to form the fcc crystal at ρ = 0.74. The overall LRS involving all the CNSs monotonically increases with two critical changes at ρ = (0.35-0.40) and 0.64; the evolution of individual LRSs held by specific CNS groups critically changes at ρ ≈ (0.35-0.40), 0.50, 0.55-0.60, and 0.64. The physics corresponding to these critical changes has also been discussed. The findings will significantly enrich the understanding of the structural symmetry of materials including atoms and particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z A Tian
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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15
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Filipponi A, Di Cicco A, Iesari F, Trapananti A. The structure of liquid metals probed by XAS. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201715101001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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16
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Structural evolution and strength change of a metallic glass at different temperatures. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30876. [PMID: 27484873 PMCID: PMC4971481 DOI: 10.1038/srep30876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural evolution of a Zr64.13Cu15.75Ni10.12Al10 metallic glass is investigated in-situ by high-energy synchrotron X-ray radiation upon heating up to crystallization. The structural rearrangements on the atomic scale during the heating process are analysed as a function of temperature, focusing on shift of the peaks of the structure factor in reciprocal space and the pair distribution function and radial distribution function in real space which are correlated with atomic rearrangements and progressing nanocrystallization. Thermal expansion and contraction of the coordination shells is measured and correlated with the bulk coefficient of thermal expansion. The characteristics of the microstructure and the yield strength of the metallic glass at high temperature are discussed aiming to elucidate the correlation between the atomic arrangement and the mechanical properties.
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17
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Van Hoang V, Teboul V, Odagaki T. New Scenario of Dynamical Heterogeneity in Supercooled Liquid and Glassy States of 2D Monatomic System. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:15752-7. [PMID: 26630541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b08912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vo Van Hoang
- Computational Physics Lab,
Institute of Technology, Vietnam National University - HCM City, Vietnam
| | - Victor Teboul
- Department of Physics, Angers University, Angers, France
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18
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Raza Z, Alling B, Abrikosov IA. Computer simulations of glasses: the potential energy landscape. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:293201. [PMID: 26139691 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/29/293201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We review the current state of research on glasses, discussing the theoretical background and computational models employed to describe them. This article focuses on the use of the potential energy landscape (PEL) paradigm to account for the phenomenology of glassy systems, and the way in which it can be applied in simulations and the interpretation of their results. This article provides a broad overview of the rich phenomenology of glasses, followed by a summary of the theoretical frameworks developed to describe this phenomonology. We discuss the background of the PEL in detail, the onerous task of how to generate computer models of glasses, various methods of analysing numerical simulations, and the literature on the most commonly used model systems. Finally, we tackle the problem of how to distinguish a good glass former from a good crystal former from an analysis of the PEL. In summarising the state of the potential energy landscape picture, we develop the foundations for new theoretical methods that allow the ab initio prediction of the glass-forming ability of new materials by analysis of the PEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zamaan Raza
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
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19
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Temperature-Induced Liquid-Liquid Transition in Metallic Melts: A Brief Review on the New Physical Phenomenon. METALS 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/met5010395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Hermann H, Kühn U, Wendrock H, Kokotin V, Schwarz B. Evidence for cooling-rate-dependent icosahedral short-range order in a Cu–Zr–Al metallic glass. J Appl Crystallogr 2014. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576714021232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Samples of Cu47.5Zr47.5Al5metallic glass were prepared at different cooling rate,R. The dependence of the X-ray diffraction patterns onRwas analysed by comparing them with corresponding patterns of computer-simulated models generated at different cooling rates as well. The observed changes in the experimental diffraction patterns are reproduced by the simulations, showing an increasing fraction of icosahedral clusters with decreasing cooling rate. The difference of the fractions of icosahedrally coordinated atoms in mould-cast and rapidly quenched Cu47.5Zr47.5Al5averages to 3 (1)%. Different frozen-in thermal displacements and different density are ruled out as a possible origin for the experimental observations.
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21
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Structural signatures of dynamic heterogeneities in monolayers of colloidal ellipsoids. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3829. [PMID: 24807069 PMCID: PMC4024749 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
When a liquid is supercooled towards the glass transition, its dynamics drastically slows down, whereas its static structure remains relatively unchanged. Finding a structural signature of the dynamic slowing down is a major challenge, yet it is often too subtle to be uncovered. Here we discover the structural signatures for both translational and rotational dynamics in monolayers of colloidal ellipsoids by video microscopy experiments and computer simulations. The correlation lengths of the dynamic slowest-moving clusters, the static glassy clusters, the static local structural entropy and the dynamic heterogeneity follow the same power-law divergence, suggesting that the kinetic slowing down is caused by a decrease in the structural entropy and an increase in the size of the glassy cluster. Ellipsoids with different aspect ratios exhibit single- or double-step glass transitions with distinct dynamic heterogeneities. These findings demonstrate that the particle shape anisotropy has important effects on the structure and dynamics of the glass. To establish a structural signature of slow dynamics as a system approaches the glass transition is challenging. Here, the authors identify, by performing video microscopy experiments and simulations, two structural signatures for the rotational and translational dynamics in monolayers of colloidal ellipsoids.
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22
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23
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Ryltsev RE, Chtchelkatchev NM. Multistage structural evolution in simple monatomic supercritical fluids: superstable tetrahedral local order. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2013; 88:052101. [PMID: 24329208 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.88.052101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The local order units of dense simple liquid are typically three-dimensional (close packed) clusters: hcp, fcc, and icosahedrons. We show that the fluid demonstrates the superstable tetrahedral local order up to temperatures several orders of magnitude higher than the melting temperature and down to critical density. While the solid-like local order (hcp, fcc) disappears in the fluid at much lower temperatures and far above critical density. We conclude that the supercritical fluid shows the temperature (density)-driven two-stage "melting" of the three-dimensional local order. We also find that the structure relaxation times in the supercritical fluid are much larger than ones estimated for weakly interactive gas even far above the melting line.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Ryltsev
- Institute of Metallurgy, Ural Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, 620016 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - N M Chtchelkatchev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Moscow, Russia and L. D. Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432, Moscow Region, Chernogolovka, Russia and Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California 91330, USA and Institute for High Pressure Physics RAS, 142190, Moscow, Russia
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24
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Leocmach M, Tanaka H. Roles of icosahedral and crystal-like order in the hard spheres glass transition. Nat Commun 2012; 3:974. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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25
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Stachurski ZH. On Structure and Properties of Amorphous Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2011; 4:1564-1598. [PMID: 28824158 PMCID: PMC5448858 DOI: 10.3390/ma4091564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 08/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical, optical, magnetic and electronic properties of amorphous materials hold great promise towards current and emergent technologies. We distinguish at least four categories of amorphous (glassy) materials: (i) metallic; (ii) thin films; (iii) organic and inorganic thermoplastics; and (iv) amorphous permanent networks. Some fundamental questions about the atomic arrangements remain unresolved. This paper focuses on the models of atomic arrangements in amorphous materials. The earliest ideas of Bernal on the structure of liquids were followed by experiments and computer models for the packing of spheres. Modern approach is to carry out computer simulations with prediction that can be tested by experiments. A geometrical concept of an ideal amorphous solid is presented as a novel contribution to the understanding of atomic arrangements in amorphous solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew H Stachurski
- Research School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Information Technology, Australian National University, Ellery Crescent, Acton ACT 2601, Australia.
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26
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ZHANG J, YAN J, HAN F, LIANG W, XU C, ZHOU C. Investigation on the icosahedral quasicrystal phase in Mg70.8Zn28Nd1.2 alloy. J RARE EARTH 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1002-0721(08)60232-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Anikeenko AV, Medvedev NN, Aste T. Structural and entropic insights into the nature of the random-close-packing limit. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2008; 77:031101. [PMID: 18517323 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.77.031101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2007] [Revised: 11/27/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Disordered packings of equal sized spheres cannot be generated above the limiting density (fraction of volume occupied by the spheres) of rho approximately 0.64 without introducing some partial crystallization. The nature of this "random-close-packing" limit (RCP) is investigated by using both geometrical and statistical mechanics tools applied to a large set of experiments and numerical simulations of equal-sized sphere packings. The study of the Delaunay simplexes decomposition reveals that the fraction of "quasiperfect tetrahedra" grows with the density up to a saturation fraction of approximately 30% reached at the RCP limit. At this limit the fraction of aggregate "polytetrahedral" structures (made of quasiperfect tetrahedra which share a common triangular face) reaches it maximal extension involving all the spheres. Above the RCP limit the polytetrahedral structure gets rapidly disassembled. The entropy of the disordered packings, calculated from the study of the local volume fluctuations, decreases uniformly and vanishes at the (extrapolated) limit rho(Kappa) approximately 0.66 . Before such limit, and precisely in the range of densities between 0.646 and 0.66, a phase separated mixture of disordered and crystalline phases is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Anikeenko
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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28
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Walker BG, Marzari N, Molteni C. In-plane structure and ordering at liquid sodium surfaces and interfaces from ab initio molecular dynamics. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:134703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2781388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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30
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Anikeenko AV, Medvedev NN. Polytetrahedral nature of the dense disordered packings of hard spheres. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:235504. [PMID: 17677918 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.235504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We study the structure of numerically simulated hard sphere packings at different densities by investigating local tetrahedral configurations of the spheres. Clusters of tetrahedra adjacent by faces present relatively dense aggregates of spheres atypical for crystals. The number of spheres participating in such polytetrahedral configurations increases with densification of the packing, and at the Bernal's limiting density (the packing fraction around 0.64) all spheres of the packing become involved in such tetrahedra. Thus the polytetrahedral packing cannot provide further increase in the density, and alternative structural change (formation of crystalline nuclei) begins henceforth.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Anikeenko
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya str. 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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Anikeenko AV, Medvedev NN. Homogeneous crystallization of the Lennard-Jones liquid. Structural analysis based on Delaunay simplices method. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10947-006-0296-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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33
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Jakse N, Pasturel A. Molecular-dynamics study of liquid nickel above and below the melting point. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:244512. [PMID: 16396554 DOI: 10.1063/1.2145759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the structural and dynamic properties of liquid nickel by means of large-scale molecular-dynamics simulations, using an effective-pair potential derived from the second-order pseudopotential perturbation theory. The model of interactions is assessed on the single-atom as well as collective dynamic properties. The short-range order in the stable and undercooled liquids is also examined. We show that the present model potential gives a description of the local structure in both states in close agreement with first-principles molecular-dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noël Jakse
- Laboratoire de Physique des Milieux Denses, Université de Metz, 1 Boulevard FD Arago, 57078 Metz Cedex 3, France.
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34
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Sheng HW, Ma E. Atomic packing of the inherent structure of simple liquids. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2004; 69:062202. [PMID: 15244642 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.69.062202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report a universal inherent packing structure underlying the simple liquids, the normalized distribution functions of which are independent of temperature and density. The inherent packing state, carrying the maximized configurational entropy, has intrinsic connections with the maximally random jammed state of hard spheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Sheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.
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35
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Luo WK, Sheng HW, Alamgir FM, Bai JM, He JH, Ma E. Icosahedral short-range order in amorphous alloys. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 92:145502. [PMID: 15089549 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.145502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have characterized the icosahedral short-range order in amorphous solids using local environment probes. Such topological local order is pronounced even in an amorphous alloy that does not form quasicrystalline phases upon crystallization, as demonstrated by the extended x-ray absorption fine structure and x-ray absorption near-edge structure of a Ni-Ag amorphous alloy analyzed through reverse Monte Carlo simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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36
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Manoharan VN, Elsesser MT, Pine DJ. Dense packing and symmetry in small clusters of microspheres. Science 2003; 301:483-7. [PMID: 12881563 DOI: 10.1126/science.1086189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 693] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
When small numbers of colloidal microspheres are attached to the surfaces of liquid emulsion droplets, removing fluid from the droplets leads to packings of spheres that minimize the second moment of the mass distribution. The structures of the packings range from sphere doublets, triangles, and tetrahedra to exotic polyhedra not found in infinite lattice packings, molecules, or minimum-potential energy clusters. The emulsion system presents a route to produce new colloidal structures and a means to study how different physical constraints affect symmetry in small parcels of matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinothan N Manoharan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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37
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Heni M, Löwen H. Do liquids exhibit local fivefold symmetry at interfaces? PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2002; 65:021501. [PMID: 11863524 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.65.021501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We calculate the layer-resolved local fivefold symmetry of liquids near interfaces using computer simulation of hard sphere fluids on structured substrates. In the first few adjacent liquid layers, the presence of a surface suppresses local icosahedral packing while the magnitude of local fivefold symmetry in the next layers depends on details of the particle-substrate interaction. For a strong particle-substrate attraction, the local fivefold symmetry in these layers is higher than in the bulk liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Heni
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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