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Bates JN, Getsy PM, Coffee GA, Baby SM, MacFarlane PM, Hsieh YH, Knauss ZT, Bubier JA, Mueller D, Lewis SJ. Lipophilic analogues of D-cysteine prevent and reverse physical dependence to fentanyl in male rats. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1336440. [PMID: 38645835 PMCID: PMC11026688 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1336440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
We examined whether co-injections of the cell-permeant D-cysteine analogues, D-cysteine ethyl ester (D-CYSee) and D-cysteine ethyl amide (D-CYSea), prevent acquisition of physical dependence induced by twice-daily injections of fentanyl, and reverse acquired dependence to these injections in freely-moving male Sprague Dawley rats. Injection of the opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone HCl (NLX, 1.5 mg/kg, IV), elicited a series of withdrawal phenomena that included cardiorespiratory and behavioral responses, and falls in body weight and body temperature, in rats that received 5 or 10 injections of fentanyl (125 μg/kg, IV), and the same number of vehicle co-injections. Regarding the development of physical dependence, the NLX-precipitated withdrawal phenomena were markedly reduced in fentanyl-injected rats that had received co-injections of D-CYSee (250 μmol/kg, IV) or D-CYSea (100 μmol/kg, IV), but not D-cysteine (250 μmol/kg, IV). Regarding reversal of established dependence to fentanyl, the NLX-precipitated withdrawal phenomena in rats that had received 10 injections of fentanyl (125 μg/kg, IV) was markedly reduced in rats that received co-injections of D-CYSee (250 μmol/kg, IV) or D-CYSea (100 μmol/kg, IV), but not D-cysteine (250 μmol/kg, IV), starting with injection 6 of fentanyl. This study provides evidence that co-injections of D-CYSee and D-CYSea prevent the acquisition of physical dependence, and reverse acquired dependence to fentanyl in male rats. The lack of effect of D-cysteine suggests that the enhanced cell-penetrability of D-CYSee and D-CYSea into cells, particularly within the brain, is key to their ability to interact with intracellular signaling events involved in acquisition to physical dependence to fentanyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N. Bates
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Paulina M. Getsy
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Gregory A. Coffee
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Santhosh M. Baby
- Section of Biology, Galleon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Horsham, PA, United States
| | - Peter M. MacFarlane
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Yee-Hsee Hsieh
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Zackery T. Knauss
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | | | - Devin Mueller
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Stephen J. Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Functional Electrical Stimulation Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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2
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Weinrauch AM, Dumar ZJ, Overduin SL, Goss GG, Leys SP, Blewett TA. Evidence for transporter-mediated uptake of environmental L-glutamate in a freshwater sponge, Ephydatia muelleri. J Comp Physiol B 2024; 194:121-130. [PMID: 38553641 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-024-01544-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The freshwater sponge, Ephydatia muelleri, lacks a nervous or endocrine system and yet it exhibits a coordinated whole-body action known as a "sneeze" that can be triggered by exposure to L-glutamate. It is not known how L-glutamate is obtained by E. muelleri in sufficient quantities (i.e., 70 µM) to mediate this response endogenously. The present study tested the hypothesis that L-glutamate can be directly acquired from the environment across the body surface of E. muelleri. We demonstrate carrier mediated uptake of two distinct saturable systems with maximal transport rates (Jmax) of 64.27 ± 4.98 and 25.12 ± 1.87 pmols mg-1 min-1, respectively. The latter system has a higher calculated substrate affinity (Km) of 2.87 ± 0.38 µM compared to the former (8.75 ± 1.00 µM), indicative of distinct systems that can acquire L-glutamate at variable environmental concentrations. Further characterization revealed potential shared pathways of L-glutamate uptake with other negatively charged amino acids, namely D-glutamate and L-aspartate, as well as the neutral amino acid L-alanine. We demonstrate that L-glutamate uptake does not appear to rely on exogenous sodium or proton concentrations as removal of these ions from the bathing media did not significantly alter uptake. Likewise, L-glutamate uptake does not seem to rely on internal proton motive forces driven by VHA as application of 100 nM of the VHA inhibitor bafilomycin did not alter uptake rates within E. muelleri tissues. Whether the acquired amino acid is used to supplement feeding or is stored and accumulated to mediate the sneeze response remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M Weinrauch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Zachary J Dumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Sienna L Overduin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Greg G Goss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Sally P Leys
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Tamzin A Blewett
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada.
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3
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Zhang W, Miura A, Abu Saleh MM, Shimizu K, Mita Y, Tanida R, Hirako S, Shioda S, Gmyr V, Kerr-Conte J, Pattou F, Jin C, Kanai Y, Sasaki K, Minamino N, Sakoda H, Nakazato M. The NERP-4-SNAT2 axis regulates pancreatic β-cell maintenance and function. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8158. [PMID: 38071217 PMCID: PMC10710447 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43976-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells is regulated by multiple stimuli, including nutrients, hormones, neuronal inputs, and local signalling. Amino acids modulate insulin secretion via amino acid transporters expressed on β cells. The granin protein VGF has dual roles in β cells: regulating secretory granule formation and functioning as a multiple peptide precursor. A VGF-derived peptide, neuroendocrine regulatory peptide-4 (NERP-4), increases Ca2+ influx in the pancreata of transgenic mice expressing apoaequorin, a Ca2+-induced bioluminescent protein complex. NERP-4 enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from isolated human and mouse islets and β-cell-derived MIN6-K8 cells. NERP-4 administration reverses the impairment of β-cell maintenance and function in db/db mice by enhancing mitochondrial function and reducing metabolic stress. NERP-4 acts on sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNAT2), thereby increasing glutamine, alanine, and proline uptake into β cells and stimulating insulin secretion. SNAT2 deletion and inhibition abolish the protective effects of NERP-4 on β-cell maintenance. These findings demonstrate a novel autocrine mechanism of β-cell maintenance and function that is mediated by the peptide-amino acid transporter axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Zhang
- Department of Bioregulatory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ayako Miura
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Md Moin Abu Saleh
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Department of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain
| | - Koichiro Shimizu
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Mita
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Systems Life Sciences Laboratory, Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryota Tanida
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirako
- Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Human Arts and Sciences, Saitama, Japan
| | - Seiji Shioda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Valery Gmyr
- Université de Lille, Inserm, Campus Hospitalo-Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1190-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Julie Kerr-Conte
- Université de Lille, Inserm, Campus Hospitalo-Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1190-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Francois Pattou
- Université de Lille, Inserm, Campus Hospitalo-Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1190-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Chunhuan Jin
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sasaki
- Department of Peptidomics, Sasaki Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Minamino
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research, Suita, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sakoda
- Department of Bioregulatory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Nakazato
- Department of Bioregulatory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
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4
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Bates JN, Getsy PM, Coffee GA, Baby SM, MacFarlane PM, Hsieh YH, Knauss ZT, Bubier JA, Mueller D, Lewis SJ. L-cysteine ethyl ester prevents and reverses acquired physical dependence on morphine in male Sprague Dawley rats. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1303207. [PMID: 38111383 PMCID: PMC10726967 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1303207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the acquisition of addiction/dependence on morphine may result from the ability of the opioid to diminish the transport of L-cysteine into neurons via inhibition of excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAA3). The objective of this study was to determine whether the co-administration of the cell-penetrant L-thiol ester, L-cysteine ethyl ester (L-CYSee), would reduce physical dependence on morphine in male Sprague Dawley rats. Injection of the opioid-receptor antagonist, naloxone HCl (NLX; 1.5 mg/kg, IP), elicited pronounced withdrawal phenomena in rats which received a subcutaneous depot of morphine (150 mg/kg) for 36 h and were receiving a continuous infusion of saline (20 μL/h, IV) via osmotic minipumps for the same 36 h period. The withdrawal phenomena included wet-dog shakes, jumping, rearing, fore-paw licking, 360° circling, writhing, apneas, cardiovascular (pressor and tachycardia) responses, hypothermia, and body weight loss. NLX elicited substantially reduced withdrawal syndrome in rats that received an infusion of L-CYSee (20.8 μmol/kg/h, IV) for 36 h. NLX precipitated a marked withdrawal syndrome in rats that had received subcutaneous depots of morphine (150 mg/kg) for 48 h) and a co-infusion of vehicle. However, the NLX-precipitated withdrawal signs were markedly reduced in morphine (150 mg/kg for 48 h)-treated rats that began receiving an infusion of L-CYSee (20.8 μmol/kg/h, IV) at 36 h. In similar studies to those described previously, neither L-cysteine nor L-serine ethyl ester (both at 20.8 μmol/kg/h, IV) mimicked the effects of L-CYSee. This study demonstrates that 1) L-CYSee attenuates the development of physical dependence on morphine in male rats and 2) prior administration of L-CYSee reverses morphine dependence, most likely by intracellular actions within the brain. The lack of the effect of L-serine ethyl ester (oxygen atom instead of sulfur atom) strongly implicates thiol biochemistry in the efficacy of L-CYSee. Accordingly, L-CYSee and analogs may be a novel class of therapeutics that ameliorate the development of physical dependence on opioids in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N. Bates
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Paulina M. Getsy
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Gregory A. Coffee
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Santhosh M. Baby
- Section of Biology, Galleon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Horsham, PA, United States
| | - Peter M. MacFarlane
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Yee-Hsee Hsieh
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Zackery T. Knauss
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | | | - Devin Mueller
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Stephen J. Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Functional Electrical Stimulation Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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5
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Siddique I, Kamble K, Gupta S, Solanki K, Bhola S, Ahsan N, Gupta S. ARL6IP5 Ameliorates α-Synuclein Burden by Inducing Autophagy via Preventing Ubiquitination and Degradation of ATG12. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10499. [PMID: 37445677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advanced studies in neurodegenerative diseases have revealed several links connecting autophagy and neurodegeneration. Autophagy is the major cellular degradation process for the removal of toxic protein aggregates responsible for neurodegenerative diseases. More than 30 autophagy-related proteins have been identified as directly participating in the autophagy process. Proteins regulating the process of autophagy are much more numerous and unknown. To address this, in our present study, we identified a novel regulator (ARL6IP5) of neuronal autophagy and showed that the level of ARL6IP5 decreases in the brain with age and in Parkinson's disease in mice and humans. Moreover, a cellular model of PD (Wild type and A53T mutant α-synuclein overexpression) has also shown decreased levels of ARL6IP5. ARL6IP5 overexpression reduces α-synuclein aggregate burden and improves cell survival in an A53T model of Parkinson's disease. Interestingly, detailed mechanistic studies revealed that ARL6IP5 is an autophagy inducer. ARL6IP5 enhances Rab1-dependent autophagosome initiation and elongation by stabilizing free ATG12. We report for the first time that α-synuclein downregulates ARL6IP5 to inhibit autophagy-dependent clearance of toxic aggregates that exacerbate neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrar Siddique
- Molecular Science Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Kajal Kamble
- Molecular Science Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sakshi Gupta
- Molecular Science Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Kavita Solanki
- Molecular Science Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sumnil Bhola
- Molecular Science Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Nuzhat Ahsan
- Molecular Science Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sarika Gupta
- Molecular Science Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India
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6
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Targeting JWA for Cancer Therapy: Functions, Mechanisms and Drug Discovery. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194655. [PMID: 36230577 PMCID: PMC9564207 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary JWA has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for several cancers. In this review, we summarize the tumor suppressive functions of the JWA gene and its role in anti-cancer drug development. The focus is on elucidating the key regulatory proteins up and downstream of JWA and their signaling networks. We also discuss current strategies for targeting JWA (JWA peptides, small molecule agonists, and JWA-targeted Pt (IV) prodrugs). Abstract Tumor heterogeneity limits the precision treatment of targeted drugs. It is important to find new tumor targets. JWA, also known as ADP ribosylation factor-like GTPase 6 interacting protein 5 (ARL6IP5, GenBank: AF070523, 1998), is a microtubule-associated protein and an environmental response gene. Substantial evidence shows that JWA is low expressed in a variety of malignancies and is correlated with overall survival. As a tumor suppressor, JWA inhibits tumor progression by suppressing multiple oncogenes or activating tumor suppressor genes. Low levels of JWA expression in tumors have been reported to be associated with multiple aspects of cancer progression, including angiogenesis, proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance. In this review, we will discuss the structure and biological functions of JWA in tumors, examine the potential therapeutic strategies for targeting JWA and explore the directions for future investigation.
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7
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Angelotti T. Exploring the eukaryotic Yip and REEP/Yop superfamily of membrane-shaping adapter proteins (MSAPs): A cacophony or harmony of structure and function? Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:912848. [PMID: 36060263 PMCID: PMC9437294 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.912848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polytopic cargo proteins are synthesized and exported along the secretory pathway from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), through the Golgi apparatus, with eventual insertion into the plasma membrane (PM). While searching for proteins that could enhance cell surface expression of olfactory receptors, a new family of proteins termed “receptor expression-enhancing proteins” or REEPs were identified. These membrane-shaping hairpin proteins serve as adapters, interacting with intracellular transport machinery, to regulate cargo protein trafficking. However, REEPs belong to a larger family of proteins, the Yip (Ypt-interacting protein) family, conserved in yeast and higher eukaryotes. To date, eighteen mammalian Yip family members, divided into four subfamilies (Yipf, REEP, Yif, and PRAF), have been identified. Yeast research has revealed many intriguing aspects of yeast Yip function, functions that have not completely been explored with mammalian Yip family members. This review and analysis will clarify the different Yip family nomenclature that have encumbered prior comparisons between yeast, plants, and eukaryotic family members, to provide a more complete understanding of their interacting proteins, membrane topology, organelle localization, and role as regulators of cargo trafficking and localization. In addition, the biological role of membrane shaping and sensing hairpin and amphipathic helical domains of various Yip proteins and their potential cellular functions will be described. Lastly, this review will discuss the concept of Yip proteins as members of a larger superfamily of membrane-shaping adapter proteins (MSAPs), proteins that both shape membranes via membrane-sensing and hairpin insertion, and well as act as adapters for protein-protein interactions. MSAPs are defined by their localization to specific membranes, ability to alter membrane structure, interactions with other proteins via specific domains, and specific interactions/effects on cargo proteins.
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8
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Lithopoulos MA, Strueby L, O'Reilly M, Zhong S, Möbius MA, Eaton F, Fung M, Hurskainen M, Cyr-Depauw C, Suen C, Xu L, Collins JJP, Vadivel A, Stewart DJ, Burger D, Thébaud B. Pulmonary and Neurologic Effects of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Extracellular Vesicles in a Multifactorial Lung Injury Model. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 205:1186-1201. [PMID: 35286238 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202012-4520oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, a chronic respiratory condition originating from preterm birth, is associated with abnormal neurodevelopment. Currently, there is an absence of effective therapies for bronchopulmonary dysplasia and its associated brain injury. In preclinical trials mesenchymal stromal cell therapies demonstrate promise as a therapeutic for bronchopulmonary dysplasia. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether a multifactorial neonatal mouse model of lung injury perturbs neural progenitor cell function and to assess the ability of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cell extracellular vesicles to mitigate pulmonary and neurologic injury. METHODS Mice at postnatal day 7/8 were injected intraperitoneally with lipopolysaccharide and ventilated with 40% oxygen at postnatal day 9/10 for 8 hours. Treated animals received umbilical cord-mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles intratracheally preceding ventilation. Lung morphology, vascularity, and inflammation were quantified. Neural progenitor cells were isolated from the subventricular zone/hippocampus and assessed for self-renewal, in vitro differentiation ability, and transcriptional profiles. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The multifactorial lung injury model produced alveolar and vascular rarefaction mimicking bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Neural progenitor cells from lung injury mice showed reduced neurosphere and oligodendrocyte formation, as well as inflammatory transcriptional signatures. Mice treated with mesenchymal stromal cell extracellular vesicles showed significant improvement in lung architecture, vessel formation, and inflammatory modulation. Additionally, we observed significantly increased in vitro neurosphere formation and altered neural progenitor cell transcriptional signatures. CONCLUSIONS Our multifactorial lung injury model impairs neural progenitor cell function. Observed pulmonary and neurologic alterations are mitigated by intratracheal treatment with mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa A Lithopoulos
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 10055, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,University of Ottawa, 6363, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lannae Strueby
- University of Saskatchewan, 7235, Department of Pediatrics, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Megan O'Reilly
- University of Alberta, 3158, Department of Pediatrics, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shumei Zhong
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 10055, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marius A Möbius
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, 39063, Department of Neonatalogy and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Farah Eaton
- University of Alberta, 3158, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Moses Fung
- University of Alberta, 3158, Department of Pediatrics, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maria Hurskainen
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, 159841, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Helsinki, Finland.,University of Helsinki, 3835, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Chanèle Cyr-Depauw
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 10055, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,University of Ottawa, 6363, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colin Suen
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 10055, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa, Canada.,University of Ottawa, 6363, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liqun Xu
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 10055, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer J P Collins
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 10055, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,University of Ottawa, 6363, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arul Vadivel
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 10055, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Duncan J Stewart
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 10055, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,University of Ottawa, 6363, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dylan Burger
- University of Ottawa, 6363, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 10055, Kidney Research Centre, Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernard Thébaud
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 10055, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,University of Ottawa, 6363, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 274065, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada;
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9
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Yeni Y, Cakir Z, Hacimuftuoglu A, Taghizadehghalehjoughi A, Okkay U, Genc S, Yildirim S, Saglam YS, Calina D, Tsatsakis A, Docea AO. A Selective Histamine H4 Receptor Antagonist, JNJ7777120, Role on Glutamate Transporter Activity in Chronic Depression. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020246. [PMID: 35207733 PMCID: PMC8880293 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate release and reuptake play a key role in the pathophysiology of depression. glutamatergic nerves in the hippocampus region are modulated by histaminergic afferents. Excessive accumulation of glutamate in the synaptic area causes degeneration of neuron cells. The H4 receptor is defined as the main immune system histamine receptor with a pro-inflammatory role. To understand the role of this receptor, the drug JNJ7777120 was used to reveal the chronic depression-glutamate relationship. We have important findings showing that the H4 antagonist increases the glutamate transporters’ instantaneous activity. In our experiment, it has been shown that blocking the H4 receptor leads to increased neuron cell viability and improvement in behavioral ability due to glutamate. Therefore, JNJ can be used to prevent neurotoxicity, inhibit membrane phospholipase activation and free radical formation, and minimize membrane disruption. In line with our findings, results have been obtained that indicate that JNJ will contribute to the effective prevention and treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesim Yeni
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey; (Y.Y.); (U.O.); (S.G.)
| | - Zeynep Cakir
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (A.H.); (A.T.); (D.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey; (Y.Y.); (U.O.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (A.H.); (A.T.); (D.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Ali Taghizadehghalehjoughi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (A.H.); (A.T.); (D.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Ufuk Okkay
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey; (Y.Y.); (U.O.); (S.G.)
| | - Sidika Genc
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey; (Y.Y.); (U.O.); (S.G.)
| | - Serkan Yildirim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey; (S.Y.); (Y.S.S.)
| | - Yavuz Selim Saglam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey; (S.Y.); (Y.S.S.)
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (A.H.); (A.T.); (D.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Analytical and Forensic Medical Toxicology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (A.H.); (A.T.); (D.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
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10
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Rapid Regulation of Glutamate Transport: Where Do We Go from Here? Neurochem Res 2022; 47:61-84. [PMID: 33893911 PMCID: PMC8542062 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate is the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). A family of five Na+-dependent transporters maintain low levels of extracellular glutamate and shape excitatory signaling. Shortly after the research group of the person being honored in this special issue (Dr. Baruch Kanner) cloned one of these transporters, his group and several others showed that their activity can be acutely (within minutes to hours) regulated. Since this time, several different signals and post-translational modifications have been implicated in the regulation of these transporters. In this review, we will provide a brief introduction to the distribution and function of this family of glutamate transporters. This will be followed by a discussion of the signals that rapidly control the activity and/or localization of these transporters, including protein kinase C, ubiquitination, glutamate transporter substrates, nitrosylation, and palmitoylation. We also include the results of our attempts to define the role of palmitoylation in the regulation of GLT-1 in crude synaptosomes. In some cases, the mechanisms have been fairly well-defined, but in others, the mechanisms are not understood. In several cases, contradictory phenomena have been observed by more than one group; we describe these studies with the goal of identifying the opportunities for advancing the field. Abnormal glutamatergic signaling has been implicated in a wide variety of psychiatric and neurologic disorders. Although recent studies have begun to link regulation of glutamate transporters to the pathogenesis of these disorders, it will be difficult to determine how regulation influences signaling or pathophysiology of glutamate without a better understanding of the mechanisms involved.
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11
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Wu Y, Bai Y, McEwan DG, Bentley L, Aravani D, Cox RD. Palmitoylated small GTPase ARL15 is translocated within Golgi network during adipogenesis. Biol Open 2021; 10:273707. [PMID: 34779483 PMCID: PMC8689486 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase ARF family member ARL15 gene locus is associated in population studies with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, lower adiponectin and higher fasting insulin levels. Previously, loss of ARL15 was shown to reduce insulin secretion in a human β-cell line and loss-of-function mutations are found in some lipodystrophy patients. We set out to understand the role of ARL15 in adipogenesis and showed that endogenous ARL15 palmitoylated and localised in the Golgi of mouse liver. Adipocyte overexpression of palmitoylation-deficient ARL15 resulted in redistribution to the cytoplasm and a mild reduction in expression of some adipogenesis-related genes. Further investigation of the localisation of ARL15 during differentiation of a human white adipocyte cell line showed that ARL15 was predominantly co-localised with a marker of the cis face of Golgi at the preadipocyte stage and then translocated to other Golgi compartments after differentiation was induced. Finally, co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry identified potential interacting partners of ARL15, including the ER-localised protein ARL6IP5. Together, these results suggest a palmitoylation dependent trafficking-related role of ARL15 as a regulator of adipocyte differentiation via ARL6IP5 interaction. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: ARL15 (GTPase ARF family) is associated with adipose traits. ARL15 is palmitoylated, localised to Golgi in preadipocytes and translocated to other Golgi compartments during differentiation. ARL15 interacts with ER-localised ARL6IP5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixing Wu
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Ying Bai
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - David G McEwan
- Division of Cell Signalling & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.,Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Liz Bentley
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Dimitra Aravani
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Roger D Cox
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
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12
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Pradhan LK, Das SK. The Regulatory Role of Reticulons in Neurodegeneration: Insights Underpinning Therapeutic Potential for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:1157-1174. [PMID: 32504327 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00893-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last few decades, cytoplasmic organellar dysfunction, such as that of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), has created a new area of research interest towards the development of serious health maladies including neurodegenerative diseases. In this context, the extensively dispersed family of ER-localized proteins, i.e. reticulons (RTNs), is gaining interest because of its regulative control over neural regeneration. As most neurodegenerative diseases are pathologically manifested with the accretion of misfolded proteins with subsequent induction of ER stress, the regulatory role of RTNs in neural dysfunction cannot be ignored. With the limited information available in the literature, delineation of the functional connection between rising consequences of neurodegenerative diseases and RTNs need to be elucidated. In this review, we provide a broad overview on the recently revealed regulatory roles of reticulons in the pathophysiology of several health maladies, with special emphasis on neurodegeneration. Additionally, we have also recapitulated the decisive role of RTN4 in neurite regeneration and highlighted how neurodegeneration and proteinopathies are mechanistically linked with each other through specific RTN paralogues. With the recent findings advocating zebrafish Rtn4b (a mammalian Nogo-A homologue) downregulation following central nervous system (CNS) lesion, RTNs provides new insight into the CNS regeneration. However, there are controversies with respect to the role of Rtn4b in zebrafish CNS regeneration. Given these controversies, the connection between the unique regenerative capabilities of zebrafish CNS by distinct compensatory mechanisms and Rtn4b signalling pathway could shed light on the development of new therapeutic strategies against serious neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilesh Kumar Pradhan
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed To Be University), Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
| | - Saroj Kumar Das
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed To Be University), Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India.
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13
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Saha K, Yang JW, Hofmaier T, Venkatesan S, Steinkellner T, Kudlacek O, Sucic S, Freissmuth M, Sitte HH. Constitutive Endocytosis of the Neuronal Glutamate Transporter Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter-3 Requires ARFGAP1. Front Physiol 2021; 12:671034. [PMID: 34040545 PMCID: PMC8141794 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.671034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic endocytic pathway regulates protein levels available at the plasma membrane by recycling them into specific endosomal compartments. ARFGAP1 is a component of the coat protein I (COPI) complex but it also plays a role in promoting adapter protein-2 (AP-2) mediated endocytosis. The excitatory amino acid transporter-3 (EAAT3) mediates the reuptake of glutamate from the synaptic cleft to achieve rapid termination of synaptic transmission at glutamatergic synapses. In this study, we identified two interacting proteins of EAAT3 by mass spectrometry (MS) ARFGAP1 and ARF6. We explored the role of ARFGAP1 and ARF6 in the endocytosis of EAAT3. Our data revealed that ARFGAP1 plays a role in the recycling of EAAT3, by utilizing its GTPase activating protein (GAP) activity and ARF6 acting as the substrate. ARFGAP1 promotes cargo sorting of EAAT3 via a single phenylalanine residue (F508) located at the C-terminus of the transporter. ARFGAP1-promoted AP-2 dependent endocytosis is abolished upon neutralizing F508. We utilized a heterologous expression system to identify an additional motif in the C-terminus of EAAT3 that regulates its endocytosis. Impairment in endocytosis did not affect somatodendritic targeting in cultured hippocampal neurons. Our findings support a model where endocytosis of EAAT3 is a multifactorial event regulated by ARFGAP1, occurring via the C-terminus of the transporter, and is the first study to examine the role of ARFGAP1 in the endocytosis of a transport protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusumika Saha
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jae-Won Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tina Hofmaier
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - SanthoshKannan Venkatesan
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Steinkellner
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Kudlacek
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Sucic
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Freissmuth
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald H Sitte
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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14
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Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant non-protein thiol, and plays crucial roles in the antioxidant defense system and the maintenance of redox homeostasis in neurons. GSH depletion in the brain is a common finding in patients with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, and can cause neurodegeneration prior to disease onset. Excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1), a sodium-dependent glutamate/cysteine transporter that is selectively present in neurons, plays a central role in the regulation of neuronal GSH production. The expression of EAAC1 is posttranslationally controlled by the glutamate transporter-associated protein 3–18 (GTRAP3-18) or miR-96-5p in neurons. The regulatory mechanism of neuronal GSH production mediated by EAAC1 may be a new target in therapeutic strategies for these neurodegenerative diseases. This review describes the regulatory mechanism of neuronal GSH production and its potential therapeutic application in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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15
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Yeon GB, Shin WH, Yoo SH, Kim D, Jeon BM, Park WU, Bae Y, Park JY, You S, Na D, Kim DS. NFIB induces functional astrocytes from human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural precursor cells mimicking in vivo astrogliogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7625-7641. [PMID: 33949692 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The ability to generate astrocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offers a promising cellular model to study the development and physiology of human astrocytes. The extant methods for generating functional astrocytes required long culture periods and there remained much ambiguity on whether such paradigms follow the innate developmental program. In this report, we provided an efficient and rapid method for generating physiologically functional astrocytes from hPSCs. Overexpressing the nuclear factor IB in hPSC-derived neural precursor cells induced a highly enriched astrocyte population in 2 weeks. RNA sequencing and functional analyses demonstrated progressive transcriptomic and physiological changes in the cells, resembling in vivo astrocyte development. Further analyses substantiated previous results and established the MAPK pathway necessary for astrocyte differentiation. Hence, this differentiation paradigm provides a prospective in vitro model for human astrogliogenesis studies and the pathophysiology of neurological diseases concerning astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu-Bum Yeon
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Ho Shin
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seo Hyun Yoo
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Won-Ung Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeonju Bae
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Park
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungkwon You
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dokyun Na
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae-Sung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Bonova P, Jachova J, Nemethova M, Bona M, Kollarova P, Gottlieb M. Accelerated capacity of glutamate uptake via blood elements as a possible tool of rapid remote conditioning mediated tissue protection. Neurochem Int 2020; 142:104927. [PMID: 33259861 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the function of blood cells in remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) mediated neuroprotection was undoubtedly confirmed. In the present paper, we have focused on the role of blood elements in glutamate homeostasis. The blood of remote conditioned (tolerant) animals was incubated ex vivo with 100 μM glutamate, and the quantitative and qualitative changes of excitatory amino acid transporters (EAAT 1, 2, and 3) were determined. We confirmed RIC mediated accelerated sequestration of extracellular glutamate via EAATs and altered distribution of that amino acid between plasma and cell elements compared to non-tolerant counterparts. The activity of EAATs was elevated in erythrocytes and monocytes, while the density of transporters was not affected. Quantitative changes of EAAT1 density were detected solely in platelets where the forced scavenging was independent of EAATs inhibition. Surprisingly, the trafficking of immunovisualised EAAT2 and 3 raised at tolerant erythrocytes and monocytes. We have found that protein synthesis underlined this process. On the other hand, depletion of protein synthesis did not significantly affect the scavenging capacity of those cell populations. Our work has demonstrated that the elevated blood scavenging of glutamate overdose could be one of the potential mechanisms underlying RIC mediated tissue protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Bonova
- Institute of Neurobiology of Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovak Republic.
| | - Jana Jachova
- Institute of Neurobiology of Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Miroslava Nemethova
- Institute of Neurobiology of Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Martin Bona
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pavol Jozef Safarik, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Patricia Kollarova
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pavol Jozef Safarik, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Miroslav Gottlieb
- Institute of Neurobiology of Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovak Republic
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17
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Role of Excitatory Amino Acid Carrier 1 ( EAAC1) in Neuronal Death and Neurogenesis After Ischemic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165676. [PMID: 32784778 PMCID: PMC7460875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there have been substantial advances in knowledge regarding the mechanisms of neuron death after stroke, effective therapeutic measures for stroke are still insufficient. Excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1) is a type of neuronal glutamate transporter and considered to have an additional action involving the neuronal uptake of cysteine, which acts as a crucial substrate for glutathione synthesis. Previously, our lab demonstrated that genetic deletion of EAAC1 leads to decreased neuronal glutathione synthesis, increased oxidative stress, and subsequent cognitive impairment. Therefore, we hypothesized that reduced neuronal transport of cysteine due to deletion of the EAAC1 gene might exacerbate neuronal injury and impair adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus after transient cerebral ischemia. EAAC1 gene deletion profoundly increased ischemia-induced neuronal death by decreasing the antioxidant capacity. In addition, genetic deletion of EAAC1 also decreased the overall neurogenesis processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival, after cerebral ischemia. These studies strongly support our hypothesis that EAAC1 is crucial for the survival of newly generated neurons, as well as mature neurons, in both physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the role of EAAC1 in neuronal death and neurogenesis induced by ischemic stroke, focusing on its potential cellular and molecular mechanisms.
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18
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Malik AR, Szydlowska K, Nizinska K, Asaro A, van Vliet EA, Popp O, Dittmar G, Fritsche-Guenther R, Kirwan JA, Nykjaer A, Lukasiuk K, Aronica E, Willnow TE. SorCS2 Controls Functional Expression of Amino Acid Transporter EAAT3 and Protects Neurons from Oxidative Stress and Epilepsy-Induced Pathology. Cell Rep 2020; 26:2792-2804.e6. [PMID: 30840898 PMCID: PMC6410498 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
VPS10P domain receptors emerge as central regulators of intracellular protein sorting in neurons with relevance for various brain pathologies. Here, we identified a role for the family member SorCS2 in protection of neurons from oxidative stress and epilepsy-induced cell death. We show that SorCS2 acts as sorting receptor that sustains cell surface expression of the neuronal amino acid transporter EAAT3 to facilitate import of cysteine, required for synthesis of the reactive oxygen species scavenger glutathione. Lack of SorCS2 causes depletion of EAAT3 from the plasma membrane and impairs neuronal cysteine uptake. As a consequence, SorCS2-deficient mice exhibit oxidative brain damage that coincides with enhanced neuronal cell death and increased mortality during epilepsy. Our findings highlight a protective role for SorCS2 in neuronal stress response and provide a possible explanation for upregulation of this receptor seen in surviving neurons of the human epileptic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Malik
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Kinga Szydlowska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Nizinska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Antonino Asaro
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Erwin A van Vliet
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Oliver Popp
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Raphaela Fritsche-Guenther
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health Metabolomics Platform, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jennifer A Kirwan
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health Metabolomics Platform, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anders Nykjaer
- MIND Center, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, The Danish Research Foundation Center PROMEMO, Departments of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, and Neurosurgery, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000C Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Katarzyna Lukasiuk
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), 2103 SW Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas E Willnow
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
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19
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Escobar AP, Wendland JR, Chávez AE, Moya PR. The Neuronal Glutamate Transporter EAAT3 in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1362. [PMID: 31803055 PMCID: PMC6872633 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a heterogeneous psychiatric disorder affecting 1%–3% of the population worldwide. About half of OCD afflicted individuals do not respond to currently available pharmacotherapy, which is mainly based on serotonin reuptake inhibition. Therefore, there is a critical need to search novel and improved therapeutic targets to treat this devastating disorder. In recent years, accumulating evidence has supported the glutamatergic hypothesis of OCD, and particularly pointing a potential role for the neuronal glutamate transporter EAAT3. This mini-review summarizes recent findings regarding the neurobiological basis of OCD, with an emphasis on the glutamatergic neurotransmission and EAAT3 as a key player in OCD etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica P Escobar
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso CINV, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Jens R Wendland
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso CINV, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Andrés E Chávez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso CINV, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Pablo R Moya
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso CINV, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
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20
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He W, Tang J, Li W, Li Y, Mei Y, He L, Zhong K, Xu R. Mutual regulation of JAG2 and PRAF2 promotes migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells uncoupled from epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:160. [PMID: 31198409 PMCID: PMC6558914 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0871-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous studies revealed that Jagged 2 (JAG2) is involved in the regulation of migration and invasion of colon cancer cells without affecting cell proliferation. This study further explored the specific mechanism by which JAG2 promotes migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. Methods JAG2 mRNA expression in different clinical stages of colorectal cancer and normal intestinal tissues was detected by quantitative PCR (QPCR). QPCR and Western Blot were used to analyze the differential expression of JAG2 mRNA and protein between normal human colon tissue cells and various colorectal cancer cells. Co-expression status of JAG2 and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in colon cancer tissues and cells was analyzed. The difference between TGF-β-induced EMT model and the JAG2 overexpression model were compared in promoting migration and invasion of HT29 cells. HT29 cells were treated with EMT pathway inhibitors (LY2157299 and Slug siRNA) to identify a cross-talk between the JAG2 effect and the Notch pathway. Co-expressed genes of JAG2 in colorectal cancer cells were identified using siRNA and transcriptome microarray technology. The mutual regulation of JAG2 and the co-expressed gene PRAF2 and the regulation of the paracrine effect of exosomes were analyzed. Results JAG2 was abnormally expressed in colorectal cancer tissues and directly related to clinical stages. Similar to the findings in tissues, the expression of both JAG2 mRNA and protein was significantly increased in the colorectal cancer cell lines compared with that of normal colorectal cell line CCD18-Co. It was shown in our cell model that JAG2 was involved in the regulation of migration and invasion independent of the canonical Notch signaling pathway. More interestingly, JAG2 also promoted the migration and invasion of colon cancer cells in a non-EMT pathway. Further analysis revealed the co-expression of JAG2 with PRAF2 in colorectal cancer cells. JAG2-rich exosomes were released from colorectal cancer cells in a PRAF2-dependent way, while these exosomes regulated the metastasis of colorectal cancer cells in a paracrine manner. Conclusions This is the evidence supporting the biological function of JAG2 through non-canonical Notch and non-EMT-dependent pathways and also the first demonstration of the functions of PRAF2 in colorectal cancer cells. These findings also provide theoretical basis for the development of small molecules or biological agents for therapeutic intervention targeting JAG2/PRAF2. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12935-019-0871-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan He
- 1Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong China
| | - Jun Tang
- 1Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong China
| | - Wenwen Li
- 1Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong China
| | - Yong Li
- 2Department of Interventional Radiology, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong China
| | - Yi Mei
- 3Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong China
| | - Lisheng He
- 4Department of Pathology, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong China
| | - Keli Zhong
- 5Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong China
| | - Ruilian Xu
- 1Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020 Guangdong China
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21
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Deng HS, Xu LS, Ni HD, Wang TT, Liu MJ, Yang MX, Shen H, Pan H, Yao M. Proteomic profiling reveals Arl6ip-1 as a candidate target in cancer-induced bone pain rat model after oxycodone treatment. Neurosci Lett 2019; 699:151-159. [PMID: 30708128 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) is challenging in clinics. Oxycodone is used to treat CIBP. However, the lack of understanding of the mechanism of CIBP limits the application of oxycodone. In this study, proteomic profiling of oxycodone-treated spinal dorsal cord of rats with CIBP was performed. Briefly, a total of 3519 proteins were identified in the Sham group; 3505 proteins in the CIBP group; and 3530 proteins in the CIBP-OXY treatment group. The 2-fold cut-off value was used as the differential protein standard for abundance reduction or increase (p < 0.05). Significant differences were found in the abundance of 16 proteins between Sham and CIBP group; 11 proteins in the CIBP group had increased abundance while 5 proteins had reduced abundance. Furthermore, fifteen proteins with differential abundance were identified between the CIBP group and the OXY group. Compared with the CIBP group, there were six increased abundances and nine reduced abundances in the OXY group. In addition, a reduced expression of ADP-ribosylation factor-like 6 binding factor 1 (Arl6ip-1), an endoplasmic reticulum protein that has an important role in cell conduction and material transport, was found in the CIBP group compared with the Sham group. Its expression increased after the administration of OXY. Proteomics results were further verified by Western-blot. Fluorescent staining revealed that Arl6ip-1 co-localized with spinal dorsal horn neurons, but not with astrocytes or microglia. Based on the observed results, we believe that Arl6ip-1 may be a potential drug target for OXY treatment of CIBP rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Sheng Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Long-Sheng Xu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Hua-Dong Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Ting-Ting Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Ming-Juan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Mao-Xian Yang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Huan Pan
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Ming Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China.
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22
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Olivares-Bañuelos TN, Chí-Castañeda D, Ortega A. Glutamate transporters: Gene expression regulation and signaling properties. Neuropharmacology 2019; 161:107550. [PMID: 30822498 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate central nervous system. During synaptic activity, glutamate is released and binds to specific membrane receptors and transporters activating, in the one hand, a wide variety of signal transduction cascades, while in the other hand, its removal from the synaptic cleft. Extracellular glutamate concentrations are maintained within physiological levels mainly by glia glutamate transporters. Inefficient clearance of this amino acid is neurotoxic due to a prolonged hyperactivation of its postsynaptic receptors, exacerbating a wide array of intracellular events linked to an ionic imbalance, that results in neuronal cell death. This process is known as excitotoxicity and is the underlying mechanisms of an important number of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, it is important to understand the regulation of glutamate transporters function. The transporter activity can be regulated at different levels: gene expression, transporter protein targeting and trafficking, and post-translational modifications of the transporter protein. The identification of these mechanisms has paved the way to our current understanding the role of glutamate transporters in brain physiology and will certainly provide the needed biochemical information for the development of therapeutic strategies towards the establishment of novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment and/or prevention of pathologies associated with excitotoxicity insults. This article is part of the issue entitled 'Special Issue on Neurotransmitter Transporters'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana N Olivares-Bañuelos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada No. 3917, Fraccionamiento Playitas, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Donají Chí-Castañeda
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado Postal 14-740, Ciudad de México, 07000, Mexico
| | - Arturo Ortega
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado Postal 14-740, Ciudad de México, 07000, Mexico.
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23
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Huang J, Jia Y, Li Q, Son K, Hamilton C, Burris WR, Bridges PJ, Stromberg AJ, Matthews JC. Glutathione content and expression of proteins involved with glutathione metabolism differs in longissimus dorsi, subcutaneous adipose, and liver tissues of finished vs. growing beef steers. J Anim Sci 2019; 96:5152-5165. [PMID: 30204884 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased tissue redox state may result in sub-optimal growth. Our goal was to determine if glutathione (GSH) content and expression of proteins involved with GSH metabolism change in longissimus dorsi (LD), subcutaneous adipose (SA), and liver tissues of growing vs. finishing steer phenotypes. Tissues were taken from 16 Angus steers (BW = 209 ± 29.4 kg) randomly assigned (n = 8) to develop through Growing (final BW = 301 ± 7.06 kg) vs. Finished (final BW = 576 ± 36.9 kg) growth phases, and at slaughter had achieved different rib-eye area (REA) (53.2, 76.8 cm2), marbling scores (296, 668), and 12th rib adipose thickness (0.54, 1.73 cm), respectively (Amino Acids, doi:10.1007/s00726-018-2540-8). GSH content (mg/g wet tissue) was determined by a commercial assay and the relative content of target protein and mRNA in tissue homogenates was determined by Western blot and reverse-transcribed PCR analyses, respectively. The effect of growth phase (Finished vs. Growing) was assessed by ANOVA using the GLM procedure of SAS. The LD of Finished steers had more (P < 0.04) GSH (42%) and GSH synthesizing (GCLC, 61%; GCLM, 21%) and metabolizing (GPX1, 42%; GPX3, 73%; GGT1, 56%) enzymes, and less (P < 0.02) GPX2 (46%), EAAC1 (30%) and glutamine synthetase (GS) (28%), whereas GTRAP3-18 and ARL6IP1 did not differ (P > 0.57). Principal component analysis found that GSH content of LD was associated with REA and marbling score. The SA of Finished steers had less (P < 0.04) GSH (38%), GSH metabolizing (GPX4, 52%; GGT1, 71%) enzyme mRNA, and GTRAP3-18 (123%) and ARL6IP1 (43%), whereas the mRNA content of GSH-synthesizing enzymes and content of EAAC1 and GS did not differ (P > 0.32). The liver of Finished steers had less (P < 0.02) mRNA content of GSH synthesizing (GCLC, 39%; GSS 29%) and metabolizing (GPX1, 30%) enzymes, and more (P < 0.01) GSTM1 metabolizing enzyme (114%). The change in GSH content as steers fattened indicate an increased antioxidant capacity in the LD of Finished steers, and a decreased antioxidant capacity in SA, consistent with changes in enzyme and transporter expression. Changes in liver enzyme and transporter expression were consistent with no change in GSH content. The relationship of EAAC1 regulatory proteins (GTRAP3-18, ARL6IP1) to GSH, EAAC1, and GS content differs and changes as Growing steers develop into Finished phenotypes. These findings provide mechanistic insight into how antioxidant capacity occurs in tissues of economic and metabolic importance as cattle fatten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Yang Jia
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Kwangwon Son
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Charles Hamilton
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Walter R Burris
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Phillip J Bridges
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | | | - James C Matthews
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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24
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Oshikane H, Watabe M, Nakaki T. Facilitation of yeast-lethal membrane protein production by detoxifying with GFP tagging. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 148:40-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Oshikane H, Watabe M, Kikuchi-Utsumi K, Nakaki T. Rab1a rescues the toxicity of PRAF3. Biochem Biophys Rep 2018; 14:16-19. [PMID: 29872729 PMCID: PMC5986628 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The PRA1-superfamily member PRAF3 plays pivotal roles in membrane traffic as a GDI displacement factor via physical interaction with a variety of Rab proteins, as well as in the modulation of antioxidant glutathione through its interaction with EAAC1 (SLC1A1). Overproduction of PRAF3 is known to be toxic to the host cells, although the factors capable of cancelling the toxicity remained unknown. We here show that Rab1a can rescue the cytotoxicity caused by PRAF3 possibly by “positively” regulating ER-Golgi trafficking, cancelling the “negative” modulation by PRAF3. Our results illuminate the close physiological relationship between PRAF3 and Rab proteins. PRAF3 exhibits cytotoxicity both in yeast and human cells. Among Rabs, only Rab1a can rescue the toxicity of PRAF3. PRAF3 expression may be strictly regulated in accordance with Rab1a expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Oshikane
- Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Kaga 2-11-1, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Kaga 2-11-1, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan.,General Medical Education and Research Center (G-MEC), Teikyo University, Kaga 2-11-1, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Kazue Kikuchi-Utsumi
- Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Kaga 2-11-1, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Toshio Nakaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Kaga 2-11-1, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
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26
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Huang J, Jia Y, Li Q, Burris WR, Bridges PJ, Matthews JC. Hepatic glutamate transport and glutamine synthesis capacities are decreased in finished vs. growing beef steers, concomitant with increased GTRAP3-18 content. Amino Acids 2018; 50:513-525. [PMID: 29392419 PMCID: PMC5917004 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2540-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic glutamate uptake and conversion to glutamine is critical for whole-body N metabolism, but how this process is regulated during growth is poorly described. The hepatic glutamate uptake activities, protein content of system [Formula: see text] transporters (EAAC1, GLT-1) and regulatory proteins (GTRAP3-18, ARL6IP1), glutamine synthetase (GS) activity and content, and glutathione (GSH) content, were compared in liver tissue of weaned Angus steers randomly assigned (n = 8) to predominantly lean (growing) or predominantly lipid (finished) growth regimens. Steers were fed a cotton seed hull-based diet to achieve final body weights of 301 or 576 kg, respectively, at a constant rate of growth. Liver tissue was collected at slaughter and hepatic membranes fractionated. Total (75%), Na+-dependent (90%), system [Formula: see text]-dependent (abolished) glutamate uptake activity, and EAAC1 content (36%) in canalicular membrane-enriched vesicles decreased as steers developed from growing (n = 6) to finished (n = 4) stages, whereas Na+-independent uptake did not change. In basolateral membrane-enriched vesicles, total (60%), Na+-dependent (60%), and Na+-independent (56%) activities decreased, whereas neither system [Formula: see text]-dependent uptake nor protein content changed. EAAC1 protein content in liver homogenates (n = 8) decreased in finished vs. growing steers, whereas GTRAP3-18 and ARL6IP1 content increased and GLT-1 content did not change. Concomitantly, hepatic GS activity decreased (32%) as steers fattened, whereas GS and GSH contents did not differ. We conclude that hepatic glutamate uptake and GS synthesis capacities are reduced in livers of finished versus growing beef steers, and that hepatic system [Formula: see text] transporter activity/EAAC1 content is inversely proportional to GTRAP3-18 content.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Huang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40546, USA
| | - Y Jia
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40546, USA
| | - Q Li
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40546, USA
| | - W R Burris
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40546, USA
| | - P J Bridges
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40546, USA
| | - J C Matthews
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40546, USA.
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27
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Hayashi MK. Structure-Function Relationship of Transporters in the Glutamate-Glutamine Cycle of the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041177. [PMID: 29649168 PMCID: PMC5979278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many kinds of transporters contribute to glutamatergic excitatory synaptic transmission. Glutamate is loaded into synaptic vesicles by vesicular glutamate transporters to be released from presynaptic terminals. After synaptic vesicle release, glutamate is taken up by neurons or astrocytes to terminate the signal and to prepare for the next signal. Glutamate transporters on the plasma membrane are responsible for transporting glutamate from extracellular fluid to cytoplasm. Glutamate taken up by astrocyte is converted to glutamine by glutamine synthetase and transported back to neurons through glutamine transporters on the plasma membranes of the astrocytes and then on neurons. Glutamine is converted back to glutamate by glutaminase in the neuronal cytoplasm and then loaded into synaptic vesicles again. Here, the structures of glutamate transporters and glutamine transporters, their conformational changes, and how they use electrochemical gradients of various ions for substrate transport are summarized. Pharmacological regulations of these transporters are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Kato Hayashi
- School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita, Chiba 286-8686, Japan.
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28
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Astrocytic JWA deletion exacerbates dopaminergic neurodegeneration by decreasing glutamate transporters in mice. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:352. [PMID: 29500411 PMCID: PMC5834463 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0381-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytic JWA exerts neuroprotective roles by alleviating oxidative stress and inhibiting inflammation. However, the molecular mechanisms of how astrocytic JWA is involved in dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that astrocyte-specific JWA knockout mice (JWA CKO) exacerbated dopamine (DA) neuronal loss and motor dysfunction, and reduced the levels of DA and its metabolites in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine/probenecid (MPTP/p)-induced PD model. Astrocytic JWA deficiency repressed expression of excitatory amino-acid transporter 2 (GLT-1) and glutamate uptake both in vivo and in vitro. Further, the regulation of GLT-1 expression was involved in JWA-triggered activation of the MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways. JWA-increased GLT-1 expression was abolished by inhibitors of MEK and PI3K. Silencing CREB also abrogated JWA-increased GLT-1 expression and glutamate uptake. Additionally, JWA deficiency activated glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and increased the expression of STAT3. Similarly to the MPTP model, paraquat (PQ) exposure produced PD-like phenotypes in JWA CKO mice. Taken together, our findings provide novel insights into astrocytic JWA function in the pathogenesis of neurotoxin mouse models of PD.
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29
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Ikemoto MJ, Murasawa Y, Wang PC. Pentylenetetrazol modulates redox system by inducing addicsin translocation from endoplasmic reticulum to plasma membrane in NG108-15 cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 11:72-78. [PMID: 28955770 PMCID: PMC5614697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Addicsin (Arl6ip5) is a multifunctional physiological and pathophysiological regulator that exerts its effects by readily forming homo- and hetero-complexes with various functional factors. In particular, addicsin acts as a negative modulator of neural glutamate transporter excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1) and participates in the regulation of intracellular glutathione (GSH) content by negatively modulating EAAC1-mediated cysteine and glutamate uptake. Addicsin is considered to play a crucial role in the onset of neurodegenerative diseases including epilepsy. However, the molecular dynamics of addicsin remains largely unknown. Here, we report the dynamics of addicsin in NG108-15 cells upon exposure to pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), a representative epileptogenic agent acting on the gamma-Aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor. Fluorescent immunostaining analysis demonstrated that addicsin drastically changed its localization from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the plasma membrane within 1 h of PTZ exposure in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, addicsin was co-localized with the plasma membrane markers EAAC1 and Na+/K+ ATPase alpha-3 upon PTZ stimulation. This translocation was significantly inhibited by a non-competitive GABAA receptor antagonist, picrotoxin, but not by a competitive GABAA receptor antagonist, bicuculline. Furthermore, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging assay showed that PTZ-induced addicsin translocation was accompanied by a decrease of radical-scavenging activity and an increase of cytotoxicity in a PTZ dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that PTZ induces the translocation of addicsin from the ER to the plasma membrane and modulates the redox system by regulating EAAC1-mediated GSH synthesis, which leads to the activation of cell death signaling.
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Key Words
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- Addicsin (Arl6ip5/GTRAP3-18/JWA/PRAF3)
- Arl6ip1/ARMER, ADP-ribosylation-like factor 6- interacting protein 1
- Cytotoxicity
- DMEM, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium
- DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
- EEAC1, excitatory amino acid carrier 1
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- GABA, gamma-Aminobutyric acid
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GSH, glutathione
- IC, immunocytochemistry
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PTZ, pentylenetetrazol
- PVDF, polyvinylidene fluoride
- Pentylenetetrazol
- Plasma membrane
- RT, room temperature
- Radical-scavenging activity
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- TMEFF1, tomoregulin-1
- Translocation
- WB, western blotting
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsushi J Ikemoto
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Murasawa
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-851, Japan
| | - Pi-Chao Wang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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30
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Aoyama K, Bhadhprasit W, Watabe M, Wang F, Matsumura N, Nakaki T. GTRAP3-18 regulates food intake and body weight by interacting with pro-opiomelanocortin. FASEB J 2017; 32:330-341. [PMID: 28904020 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700421r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-expressing neurons provide α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), which stimulates melanocortin 4 receptor to induce hypophagia by AMPK inhibition in the hypothalamus. α-MSH is produced by POMC cleavage in secretory granules and released. However, it is not known yet whether any posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism of POMC signaling exists upstream of the secretory granules in neurons. Here we show that glutamate transporter-associated protein 3-18 (GTRAP3-18), an anchor protein that retains interacting proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, is a critical regulator of food intake and body weight by interacting with POMC. GTRAP3-18-deficient mice showed hypophagia, lean bodies, and lower blood glucose, insulin, and leptin levels with increased serum and brain α-MSH levels, leading to AMPK inhibition. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests revealed significantly decreased blood glucose levels and areas under the curve in GTRAP3-18-deficient mice compared to wild-type mice. An intracerebroventricular infusion of a selective melanocortin 4 receptor antagonist to GTRAP3-18-deficient mice significantly increased their food intake and body weight. A fluorescence resonance energy transfer study showed an interaction between GTRAP3-18 and POMC in vitro These findings suggest that activation of the melanocortin pathway by modulating GTRAP3-18/POMC interaction could be an alternative strategy for obesity and/or type 2 diabetes.-Aoyama, K., Bhadhprasit, W., Watabe, M., Wang, F., Matsumura, N., Nakaki, T. GTRAP3-18 regulates food intake and body weight by interacting with pro-opiomelanocortin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Aoyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masahiko Watabe
- General Medical Education Center (G-MEC), Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuko Matsumura
- Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Nakaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan;
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31
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Afshari P, Yao WD, Middleton FA. Reduced Slc1a1 expression is associated with neuroinflammation and impaired sensorimotor gating and cognitive performance in mice: Implications for schizophrenia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183854. [PMID: 28886095 PMCID: PMC5590851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported a 84-Kb hemi-deletion copy number variant at the SLC1A1 gene locus that reduces its expression and appeared causally linked to schizophrenia. In this report, we characterize the in vivo and in vitro consequences of reduced expression of Slc1a1 in mice. Heterozygous (HET) Slc1a1+/- mice, which more closely model the hemi-deletion we found in human subjects, were examined in a series of behavioral, anatomical and biochemical assays. Knockout (KO) mice were also included in the behavioral studies for comparative purposes. Both HET and KO mice exhibited evidence of increased anxiety-like behavior, impaired working memory, decreased exploratory activity and impaired sensorimotor gating, but no changes in overall locomotor activity. The magnitude of changes was approximately equivalent in the HET and KO mice suggesting a dominant effect of the haploinsufficiency. Behavioral changes in the HET mice were accompanied by reduced thickness of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. Whole transcriptome RNA-Seq analysis detected expression changes of genes and pathways involved in cytokine signaling and synaptic functions in both brain and blood. Moreover, the brains of Slc1a1+/- mice displayed elevated levels of oxidized glutathione, a trend for increased oxidative DNA damage, and significantly increased levels of cytokines. This latter finding was further supported by SLC1A1 knockdown and overexpression studies in differentiated human neuroblastoma cells, which led to decreased or increased cytokine expression, respectively. Taken together, our results suggest that partial loss of the Slc1a1 gene in mice causes haploinsufficiency associated with behavioral, histological and biochemical changes that reflect an altered redox state and may promote the expression of behavioral features and inflammatory states consistent with those observed in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Afshari
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY United States of America
| | - Wei-Dong Yao
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY United States of America.,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
| | - Frank A Middleton
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY United States of America.,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
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32
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Wang QJ, Cui YZ, Zhang XY, Su J. Effect of early weaning on the expression of excitatory amino acid transporter 1 in the jejunum and ileum of piglets. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6518-6525. [PMID: 28901430 PMCID: PMC5865820 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to compare the expression levels of excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) and growth status of piglets weaned at 10–20 days after birth with suckling piglets. A total of 40 hybrid piglets (Landrace × Large White × Duroc) born to 40 different sows, with similar body weight were selected for the present study. They were randomly divided into two groups (n=20 per group): Control group (suckling piglets) and experimental group (weaned piglets, reared in isolation). The experiment lasted for 10 days. At the end of the experiment, 12 piglets were randomly selected from each group and the jejunum and the ileum were collected in order to determine excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1) expression levels and free amino acid content. The present study determined that early weaning significantly reduced EAAC1 gene and protein (57 and 73 kDa) expression levels and glutamate transporter associate protein 3–18 (GTRAP3-18; 50 kDa) in the jejunum and the ileum compared with the suckling group (P<0.05). Weaning led to an increased content of free glutamic acid (Glu) and total amino acids in the jejunum; however, content of free Glu and total amino acids in the ileum was significantly reduced (P<0.05). Early weaning reduced the expression of EAAC1 and GTRAP3-18, which was possibly due to the amino acid absorption and transport disorder in the small intestine due to the Glu deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Ju Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Zhe Cui
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Ying Zhang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, P.R. China
| | - Jing Su
- Heilongjiang Province Animal Epidemic Prevention and Control Center, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150069, P.R. China
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Rives ML, Javitch JA, Wickenden AD. Potentiating SLC transporter activity: Emerging drug discovery opportunities. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 135:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Karan KR, Satishchandra P, Sinha S, Anand A. Rare SLC1A1 variants in hot water epilepsy. Hum Genet 2017; 136:693-703. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-017-1778-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Murphy-Royal C, Dupuis J, Groc L, Oliet SHR. Astroglial glutamate transporters in the brain: Regulating neurotransmitter homeostasis and synaptic transmission. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:2140-2151. [PMID: 28150867 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes, the major glial cell type in the central nervous system (CNS), are critical for brain function and have been implicated in various disorders of the central nervous system. These cells are involved in a wide range of cerebral processes including brain metabolism, control of central blood flow, ionic homeostasis, fine-tuning synaptic transmission, and neurotransmitter clearance. Such varied roles can be efficiently carried out due to the intimate interactions astrocytes maintain with neurons, the vasculature, as well as with other glial cells. Arguably, one of the most important functions of astrocytes in the brain is their control of neurotransmitter clearance. This is particularly true for glutamate whose timecourse in the synaptic cleft needs to be controlled tightly under physiological conditions to maintain point-to-point excitatory transmission, thereby limiting spillover and activation of more receptors. Most importantly, accumulation of glutamate in the extracellular space can trigger excessive activation of glutamatergic receptors and lead to excitotoxicity, a trademark of many neurodegenerative diseases. It is thus of utmost importance for both physiological and pathophysiological reasons to understand the processes that control glutamate time course within the synaptic cleft and regulate its concentrations in the extracellular space. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciaran Murphy-Royal
- Neurocentre Magendie, Inserm U1215, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julien Dupuis
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Groc
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphane H R Oliet
- Neurocentre Magendie, Inserm U1215, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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Regulation of Glutamate Transporter Expression in Glial Cells. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 16:199-224. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55769-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Cellular compartmentation of energy metabolism: creatine kinase microcompartments and recruitment of B-type creatine kinase to specific subcellular sites. Amino Acids 2016; 48:1751-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2267-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Bjørn-Yoshimoto WE, Underhill SM. The importance of the excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3). Neurochem Int 2016; 98:4-18. [PMID: 27233497 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The neuronal excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3) is fairly ubiquitously expressed in the brain, though it does not necessarily maintain the same function everywhere. It is important in maintaining low local concentrations of glutamate, where its predominant post-synaptic localization can buffer nearby glutamate receptors and modulate excitatory neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. It is also the main neuronal cysteine uptake system acting as the rate-limiting factor for the synthesis of glutathione, a potent antioxidant, in EAAT3 expressing neurons, while on GABAergic neurons, it is important in supplying glutamate as a precursor for GABA synthesis. Several diseases implicate EAAT3, and modulation of this transporter could prove a useful therapeutic approach. Regulation of EAAT3 could be targeted at several points for functional modulation, including the level of transcription, trafficking and direct pharmacological modulation, and indeed, compounds and experimental treatments have been identified that regulate EAAT3 function at different stages, which together with observations of EAAT3 regulation in patients is giving us insight into the endogenous function of this transporter, as well as the consequences of altered function. This review summarizes work done on elucidating the role and regulation of EAAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walden E Bjørn-Yoshimoto
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Suzanne M Underhill
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive Room 3A: 210 MSC3742, Bethesda, MD 20892-3742, USA.
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Miles ED, McBride BW, Jia Y, Liao SF, Boling JA, Bridges PJ, Matthews JC. Glutamine synthetase and alanine transaminase expression are decreased in livers of aged vs. young beef cows and GS can be upregulated by 17β-estradiol implants. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:4500-9. [PMID: 26440349 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aged beef cows (≥ 8 yr of age) produce calves with lower birth and weaning weights. In mammals, aging is associated with reduced hepatic expression of glutamine synthetase (GS) and alanine transaminase (ALT), thus impaired hepatic Gln-Glu cycle function. To determine if the relative protein content of GS, ALT, aspartate transaminase (AST), glutamate transporters (EAAC1, GLT-1), and their regulating protein (GTRAP3-18) differed in biopsied liver tissue of (a) aged vs. young (3 to 4 yr old) nonlactating, nongestating Angus cows (Exp. 1 and 2) and (b) aged mixed-breed cows with and without COMPUDOSE (17β-estradiol) ear implants (Exp. 3), Western blot analyses were performed. In Exp. 1, 12 young (3.62 ± 0.01 yr) and 13 aged (10.08 ± 0.42 yr) cows grazed the same mixed forage for 42 d (August-October). In Exp. 2, 12 young (3.36 ± 0.01 yr) and 12 aged (10.38 ± 0.47 yr) cows were individually fed (1.03% of BW) a corn-silage-based diet to maintain BW for 20 d. For both Exp. 1 and 2, the effect of cow age was assessed by ANOVA using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Cow BW did not change ( ≥ 0.17). Hepatic ALT (78% and 61%) and GS (52% and 71%) protein content (Exp. 1 and 2, respectively) was decreased ( ≤ 0.01), whereas GTRAP3-18 (an inhibitor of EAAC1 activity) increased ( ≤ 0.01; 170% and 136%) and AST, GLT-1, and EAAC1 contents did not differ ( ≥ 0.17) in aged vs. young cows. In Exp. 2, free concentrations (nmol/g) of Glu, Ala, Gln, Arg, and Orn in liver homogenates were determined. Aged cows tended to have less ( = 0.10) free Gln (15.0%) than young cows, whereas other AA concentrations did not differ ( 0.26). In Exp. 3, 14 aged (> 10 yr) cows were randomly allotted ( = 7) to sham or COMPUDOSE (25.7 mg of 17β-estradiol) implant treatment (TRT), and had ad libitum access to alfalfa hay for 28 d. Blood and liver biopsies were collected 14 and 28 d after implant treatment. Treatment, time after implant (DAY), and TRT × DAY effects were assessed by ANOVA using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Cow BW was not affected ( ≥ 0.96). Implant increased ( ≤ 0.02) total plasma estradiol by 220% (5.07 vs. 1.58 pg/mL) and GS protein by 300%, whereas the relative content of other proteins was not altered ( ≥ 0.16). We conclude that hepatic expression of ALT and GS are reduced in aged vs. young cows, and administration of 17β-estradiol to aged cows increases plasma estradiol and hepatic GS, but not that of other proteins that support hepatic Glu metabolism.
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Doly S, Marullo S. Gatekeepers Controlling GPCR Export and Function. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 36:636-644. [PMID: 26435209 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Regulated export of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) from intracellular stores involves chaperones and escort proteins, which promote their progression to the cell surface, and gatekeepers, which retain them in intracellular compartments. Functional γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)B receptors, the paradigm of this phenomenon, comprise GB1 and GB2 subunits forming a heterodimer. GB1 is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the absence of GB2. A specific ER-resident gatekeeper, prenylated Rab acceptor family 2 (PRAF2), is involved in GB1 retention and prevents its progression into the biosynthetic pathway. GB1 can be released from PRAF2 only on competitive interaction with GB2. PRAF2 is ubiquitous and belongs to a subgroup of the mammalian Ypt-interacting protein (Yip) family. Several other GPCRs are likely to be regulated by Yip proteins, which might be involved in the pathophysiology of human diseases that are associated with impaired receptor targeting to the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Doly
- Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Stefano Marullo
- Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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Doly S, Shirvani H, Gäta G, Meye F, Emerit MB, Enslen H, Achour L, Pardo-Lopez L, Kwon YS, Armand V, Gardette R, Giros B, Gassmann M, Bettler B, Mameli M, Darmon M, Marullo S. GABAB receptor cell-surface export is controlled by an endoplasmic reticulum gatekeeper. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:480-90. [PMID: 26033241 PMCID: PMC4828513 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) release and cell-surface export of many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are tightly regulated. For gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)B receptors of GABA, the major mammalian inhibitory neurotransmitter, the ligand-binding GB1 subunit is maintained in the ER by unknown mechanisms in the absence of hetero-dimerization with the GB2 subunit. We report that GB1 retention is regulated by a specific gatekeeper, PRAF2. This ER resident transmembrane protein binds to GB1, preventing its progression in the biosynthetic pathway. GB1 release occurs upon competitive displacement from PRAF2 by GB2. PRAF2 concentration, relative to that of GB1 and GB2, tightly controls cell-surface receptor density and controls GABAB function in neurons. Experimental perturbation of PRAF2 levels in vivo caused marked hyperactivity disorders in mice. These data reveal an unanticipated major impact of specific ER gatekeepers on GPCR function and identify PRAF2 as a new molecular target with therapeutic potential for psychiatric and neurological diseases involving GABAB function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Doly
- Institut Cochin
INSERMCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUniversité Paris Descartes - Paris 5Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines22 Rue Méchain, 75014 Paris
| | - Hamasseh Shirvani
- Institut Cochin
INSERMCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUniversité Paris Descartes - Paris 5Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines22 Rue Méchain, 75014 Paris
| | - Gabriel Gäta
- Institut Cochin
INSERMCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUniversité Paris Descartes - Paris 5Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines22 Rue Méchain, 75014 Paris
| | - Frank Meye
- Institut du Fer à Moulin
Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6INSERM17 Rue du fer à moulin 75005 Paris
| | - Michel-Boris Emerit
- CPN, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences
INSERMUniversité Paris Descartes - Paris 5Groupe Hospitalier BrocaSite Broca - Sainte Anne 2 ter Rue d'Alésia75014 Paris
| | - Hervé Enslen
- Institut Cochin
INSERMCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUniversité Paris Descartes - Paris 5Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines22 Rue Méchain, 75014 Paris
| | - Lamia Achour
- Institut Cochin
INSERMCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUniversité Paris Descartes - Paris 5Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines22 Rue Méchain, 75014 Paris
| | - Liliana Pardo-Lopez
- Institut Cochin
INSERMCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUniversité Paris Descartes - Paris 5Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines22 Rue Méchain, 75014 Paris
| | - Yang Seung Kwon
- CPN, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences
INSERMUniversité Paris Descartes - Paris 5Groupe Hospitalier BrocaSite Broca - Sainte Anne 2 ter Rue d'Alésia75014 Paris
| | - Vincent Armand
- CPN, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences
INSERMUniversité Paris Descartes - Paris 5Groupe Hospitalier BrocaSite Broca - Sainte Anne 2 ter Rue d'Alésia75014 Paris
| | - Robert Gardette
- CPN, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences
INSERMUniversité Paris Descartes - Paris 5Groupe Hospitalier BrocaSite Broca - Sainte Anne 2 ter Rue d'Alésia75014 Paris
| | - Bruno Giros
- Physiopathologie des Maladies du Système Nerveux Central
Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6INSERMCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueBâtiment B, 4ème étage, case courrier 37 9 Quai Saint Bernard 75252 Paris Cedex 05
- Service Psychiatrie
McGill University [Montréal]Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale Douglas6875 Boulevard Lasalle, Montréal, QC H4H 1R2
| | - Martin Gassmann
- Department of Biomedicine
University of Basel Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel
| | - Bernhard Bettler
- Department of Biomedicine
University of Basel Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel
| | - Manuel Mameli
- Institut du Fer à Moulin
Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6INSERM17 Rue du fer à moulin 75005 Paris
| | - Michèle Darmon
- Institut Cochin
INSERMCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUniversité Paris Descartes - Paris 5Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines22 Rue Méchain, 75014 Paris
| | - Stefano Marullo
- Institut Cochin
INSERMCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUniversité Paris Descartes - Paris 5Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines22 Rue Méchain, 75014 Paris
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Astroglial glutamate transporters coordinate excitatory signaling and brain energetics. Neurochem Int 2016; 98:56-71. [PMID: 27013346 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the mammalian brain, a family of sodium-dependent transporters maintains low extracellular glutamate and shapes excitatory signaling. The bulk of this activity is mediated by the astroglial glutamate transporters GLT-1 and GLAST (also called EAAT2 and EAAT1). In this review, we will discuss evidence that these transporters co-localize with, form physical (co-immunoprecipitable) interactions with, and functionally couple to various 'energy-generating' systems, including the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger, glycogen metabolizing enzymes, glycolytic enzymes, and mitochondria/mitochondrial proteins. This functional coupling is bi-directional with many of these systems both being regulated by glutamate transport and providing the 'fuel' to support glutamate uptake. Given the importance of glutamate uptake to maintaining synaptic signaling and preventing excitotoxicity, it should not be surprising that some of these systems appear to 'redundantly' support the energetic costs of glutamate uptake. Although the glutamate-glutamine cycle contributes to recycling of neurotransmitter pools of glutamate, this is an over-simplification. The ramifications of co-compartmentalization of glutamate transporters with mitochondria for glutamate metabolism are discussed. Energy consumption in the brain accounts for ∼20% of the basal metabolic rate and relies almost exclusively on glucose for the production of ATP. However, the brain does not possess substantial reserves of glucose or other fuels. To ensure adequate energetic supply, increases in neuronal activity are matched by increases in cerebral blood flow via a process known as 'neurovascular coupling'. While the mechanisms for this coupling are not completely resolved, it is generally agreed that astrocytes, with processes that extend to synapses and endfeet that surround blood vessels, mediate at least some of the signal that causes vasodilation. Several studies have shown that either genetic deletion or pharmacologic inhibition of glutamate transport impairs neurovascular coupling. Together these studies strongly suggest that glutamate transport not only coordinates excitatory signaling, but also plays a pivotal role in regulating brain energetics.
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Cifuentes-Diaz C, Marullo S, Doly S. Anatomical and ultrastructural study of PRAF2 expression in the mouse central nervous system. Brain Struct Funct 2015; 221:4169-4185. [PMID: 26645984 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-015-1159-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Prenylated Rab acceptor family, member 2 (PRAF2) is a four transmembrane domain protein of 19 kDa that is highly expressed in particular areas of mammalian brains. PRAF2 is mostly found in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of neurons where it plays the role of gatekeeper for the GB1 subunit of the GABAB receptor, preventing its progression in the biosynthetic pathway in the absence of hetero-dimerization with the GB2 subunit. However, PRAF2 can interact with several receptors and immunofluorescence studies indicate that PRAF2 distribution is larger than the ER, suggesting additional biological functions. Here, we conducted an immuno-cytochemical study of PRAF2 distribution in mouse central nervous system (CNS) at anatomical, cellular and ultra-structural levels. PRAF2 appears widely expressed in various regions of mature CNS, such as the olfactory bulbs, cerebral cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, ventral tegmental area and spinal cord. Consistent with its regulatory role of GABAB receptors, PRAF2 was particularly abundant in brain regions known to express GB1 subunits. However, other brain areas where GB1 is expressed, such as basal ganglia, thalamus and hypothalamus, contain little or no PRAF2. In these areas, GB1 subunits might reach the cell surface of neurons independently of GB2 to exert biological functions distinct from those of GABAB receptors, or be regulated by other gatekeepers. Electron microscopy studies confirmed the localization of PRAF2 in the ER, but identified previously unappreciated localizations, in mitochondria, primary cilia and sub-synaptic region. These data indicate additional modes of GABAB regulation in specific brain areas and new biological functions of PRAF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Cifuentes-Diaz
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, INSERM UMR-S839, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Stefano Marullo
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 27 rue du Faubourg St-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Doly
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 27 rue du Faubourg St-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France.
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45
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Doly S, Marullo S. [PRAF2, an endoplasmic reticulum gatekeeper, controls the cell-surface export of the GABA(B) receptor in neurons]. Med Sci (Paris) 2015; 31:834-6. [PMID: 26481021 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20153110008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Doly
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, université Paris Descartes, 27 rue du faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Stefano Marullo
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, université Paris Descartes, 27 rue du faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
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Rohrbeck A, Stahl F, Höltje M, Hettwer T, Lindner P, Hagemann S, Pich A, Haastert-Talini K. C3-induced release of neurotrophic factors from Schwann cells - potential mechanism behind its regeneration promoting activity. Neurochem Int 2015; 90:232-45. [PMID: 26417907 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies revealed a peripheral nerve regeneration (PNR)(1) promoting activity of Clostridium botulinum C3(2) exoenzyme or a 26(mer) C-terminal peptide fragment covering amino acids 156-181 (C3(156-181)),(3) when delivered as one-time injection at the lesion site. The current study was performed to 1) investigate if prolonged availability of C3 and C3(156-181) at the lesion site can further enhance PNR in vivo and to 2) elucidate effects of C3 and C3(156-181) on Schwann cells (SCs)(4)in vitro. For in vivo studies, 10 mm adult rat sciatic nerve gaps were reconstructed with the epineurial pouch technique or autologous nerve grafts. Epineurial pouches were filled with a hydrogel containing i) vehicle, ii) 40 μM C3 or iii) 40 μM C3(156-181). Sensory and motor functional recovery was monitored over 12 weeks and the outcome of PNR further analyzed by nerve morphometry. In vitro, we compared gene expression profiles (microarray analysis) and neurotrophic factor expression (western blot analysis) of untreated rat neonatal SCs with those treated with C3 or C3(156-181) for 72 h. Effects on neurotrophic factor expression levels were proven in adult human SCs. Unexpectedly, prolonged delivery of C3 and C3(156-181) at the lesion site did not increase the outcome of PNR. Regarding the potential mechanism underlying their previously detected PNR promoting action, however, 6 genes were found to be commonly altered in SCs upon treatment with C3 or C3(156-181). We demonstrate significant down-regulation of genes involved in glutamate uptake (Eaac1,(5)Grin2a(6)) and changes in neurotrophic factor expression (increase of FGF-2(7) and decrease of NGF(8)). Our microarray-based expression profiling revealed novel C3-regulated genes in SCs possibly involved in the axonotrophic (regeneration promoting) effects of C3 and C3(156-181). Detection of altered neurotrophic factor expression by C3 or C3(156-181) treated primary neonatal rat SCs and primary adult human SCs supports this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Rohrbeck
- Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Frank Stahl
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 5, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Höltje
- Institute for Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Hettwer
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School and Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Patrick Lindner
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 5, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sandra Hagemann
- Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Pich
- Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Kirsten Haastert-Talini
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School and Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
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Abstract
The osteoblastic expression of RANKL, which is essential for the communication between osteoblastic cells and osteoclastogenic cells, is stimulated by locally acting or circulating osteotropic cytokines and hormones such as PTH and 1,25-(OH)2-D3 during the bone remodeling process. However, mechanisms those control subcellular trafficking events, membrane expression and extracellular secretion of the newly synthesized RANKL are still not well understood. In our previous study, we have found that the deficiency of osteoblastic Arl6ip5 (ADP-ribosylation-like factor 6 interacting protein 5), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized protein belonging to the prenylated rab-acceptor-family, enhanced osteoclastogenesis by increasing RANKL transcription in an ER stress dependent signaling. Here we found that over-expression of hemagglutinin (HA)-tagged Arl6ip5 in UAMS32 stromal/osteoblastic cells inhibited osteoclastogenesis, decreased the amount of soluble RANKL in culture supernatant and increased RANKL retention in ER. Moreover, Arl6ip5 bound with RANKL and disturbed the RANKL-OPG complex in UAMS-32 cells. Finally, 1 to 36 amino acid deletion on the NH2 lumen terminus of Arl6ip5 impaired the interaction between Arl6ip5 and RANKL, restored the level of soluble RANKL and the osteoclastogenic ability. These findings indicated that Arl6ip5 was an anti-catabolic factor by binding with RANKL and disturbing its subcellular trafficking in osteoblast.
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48
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Abidi A, Mignon-Ravix C, Cacciagli P, Girard N, Milh M, Villard L. Early-onset epileptic encephalopathy as the initial clinical presentation of WDR45 deletion in a male patient. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 24:615-8. [PMID: 26173968 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Variants in the WD repeat 45 (WDR45) gene in human Xp11.23 have recently been identified in patients suffering from neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation, a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous condition. WDR45 variants cause a childhood-onset encephalopathy accompanied by neurodegeneration in adulthood and iron accumulation in the basal ganglia. They have been almost exclusively found in females, and male lethality was suggested. Here we describe a male patient suffering from a severe and early neurological phenotype, initially presenting early-onset epileptic spasms in clusters associated with an abnormal interictal electroencephalography showing slow background activity, large amplitude asynchronous spikes and abnormal neurological development. This patient is a carrier of a 19.9-kb microdeletion in Xp11.23 containing three genes, including WDR45. These findings reveal that males with WDR45 deletions are viable, and can present with early-onset epileptic encephalopathy without brain iron accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Affef Abidi
- Inserm, UMR_S 910, Faculté de Médecine de La Timone, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Université, GMGF, Marseille, France
| | - Cécile Mignon-Ravix
- Inserm, UMR_S 910, Faculté de Médecine de La Timone, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Université, GMGF, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Cacciagli
- Inserm, UMR_S 910, Faculté de Médecine de La Timone, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Université, GMGF, Marseille, France.,Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital d'Enfants de La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Nadine Girard
- Département de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital d'Adultes de La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Mathieu Milh
- Inserm, UMR_S 910, Faculté de Médecine de La Timone, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Université, GMGF, Marseille, France.,Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital d'Enfants de La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Villard
- Inserm, UMR_S 910, Faculté de Médecine de La Timone, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Université, GMGF, Marseille, France
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Wu Y, Yang M, Fan J, Peng Y, Deng L, Ding Y, Yang R, Zhou J, Miao D, Fu Q. Deficiency of osteoblastic Arl6ip5 impaired osteoblast differentiation and enhanced osteoclastogenesis via disturbance of ER calcium homeostasis and induction of ER stress-mediated apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1464. [PMID: 25321471 PMCID: PMC4237252 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation-like factor 6 interacting protein 5 (Arl6ip5), which belongs to the prenylated rab-acceptor-family, has an important role in exocytic protein trafficking, glutathione metabolism and involves in cancer progression. However, its expression pattern and functional role in bone are unknown. Here we demonstrate that Arl6ip5 knock-out mice (Arl6ip5 (Δ2/Δ2)) show marked decrease of bone mineral density, trabecular bone volume and trabecular thickness. Histomorphometric studies reveal that bone formation parameters are decreased but bone resorption parameters and mRNA level of osteoclast-specific markers are increased in Arl6ip5(Δ2/Δ2) mice. In osteoblast, we demonstrate that Arl6ip5 abundantly expresses in osteoblastic cells and is regulated by bone metabolism-related hormones and growth factors. In vitro analysis reveals that osteoblast proliferation and differentiation are impaired in Arl6ip5 knocked-down and deficient primary osteoblast. Arl6ip5 is also found to function as an ER calcium regulator and control calmodulin signaling for osteoblast proliferation. Moreover, Arl6ip5 insufficiency in osteoblast induces ER stress and enhances ER stress-mediated apoptosis. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (Chop) is involved in the regulation of apoptosis and differentiation in Arl6ip5 knocked-down osteoblasts. For osteoclastogenesis, Arl6ip5 insufficiency in osteoclast precursors has no effect on osteoclast formation. However, knocked-down osteoblastic Arl6ip5 induces receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) expression and enhances osteoclastogenesis. In addition, ER stress and Chop are involved in the RANKL expression in Arl6ip5 knocked-down osteoblasts. In conclusion, we demonstrate that Arl6ip5 is a novel regulator of bone formation in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - M Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Fan
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Y Peng
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - L Deng
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Y Ding
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - R Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - J Zhou
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - D Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Nanjing, China
| | - Q Fu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
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Bianchi MG, Bardelli D, Chiu M, Bussolati O. Changes in the expression of the glutamate transporter EAAT3/EAAC1 in health and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:2001-15. [PMID: 24162932 PMCID: PMC11113519 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1484-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) are high-affinity Na(+)-dependent carriers of major importance in maintaining glutamate homeostasis in the central nervous system. EAAT3, the human counterpart of the rodent excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1), is encoded by the SLC1A1 gene. EAAT3/EAAC1 is ubiquitously expressed in the brain, mostly in neurons but also in other cell types, such as oligodendrocyte precursors. While most of the glutamate released in the synapses is taken up by the "glial-type" EAATs, EAAT2 (GLT-1 in rodents) and EAAT1 (GLAST), the functional role of EAAT3/EAAC1 is related to the subtle regulation of glutamatergic transmission. Moreover, because it can also transport cysteine, EAAT3/EAAC1 is believed to be important for the synthesis of intracellular glutathione and subsequent protection from oxidative stress. In contrast to other EAATs, EAAT3/EAAC1 is mostly intracellular, and several mechanisms have been described for the rapid regulation of the membrane trafficking of the transporter. Moreover, the carrier interacts with several proteins, and this interaction modulates transport activity. Much less is known about the slow regulatory mechanisms acting on the expression of the transporter, although several recent reports have identified changes in EAAT3/EAAC1 protein level and activity related to modulation of its expression at the gene level. Moreover, EAAT3/EAAC1 expression is altered in pathological conditions, such as hypoxia/ischemia, multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia, and epilepsy. This review summarizes these results and provides an overall picture of changes in EAAT3/EAAC1 expression in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano G. Bianchi
- Unit of General Pathology, Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (SBiBiT), University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Donatella Bardelli
- Unit of General Pathology, Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (SBiBiT), University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Martina Chiu
- Unit of General Pathology, Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (SBiBiT), University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Ovidio Bussolati
- Unit of General Pathology, Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (SBiBiT), University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy
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