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Sato T, Head KZ, Li J, Dolin CE, Wilkey D, Skirtich N, Smith K, McCreary DD, Liu S, Beier JI, Singhi AD, McEnaney RM, Merchant ML, Arteel GE. Fibrosis resolution in the mouse liver: Role of Mmp12 and potential role of calpain 1/2. Matrix Biol Plus 2023; 17:100127. [PMID: 36632559 PMCID: PMC9826883 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2022.100127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although most work has focused on resolution of collagen ECM, fibrosis resolution involves changes to several ECM proteins. The purpose of the current study was twofold: 1) to examine the role of MMP12 and elastin; and 2) to investigate the changes in degraded proteins in plasma (i.e., the "degradome") in a preclinical model of fibrosis resolution. Fibrosis was induced by 4 weeks carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) exposure, and recovery was monitored for an additional 4 weeks. Some mice were treated with daily MMP12 inhibitor (MMP408) during the resolution phase. Liver injury and fibrosis was monitored by clinical chemistry, histology and gene expression. The release of degraded ECM peptides in the plasma was analyzed using by 1D-LC-MS/MS, coupled with PEAKS Studio (v10) peptide identification. Hepatic fibrosis and liver injury rapidly resolved in this mouse model. However, some collagen fibrils were still present 28d after cessation of CCl4. Despite this persistent collagen presence, expression of canonical markers of fibrosis were also normalized. The inhibition of MMP12 dramatically delayed fibrosis resolution under these conditions. LC-MS/MS analysis identified that several proteins were being degraded even at late stages of fibrosis resolution. Calpains 1/2 were identified as potential new proteases involved in fibrosis resolution. CONCLUSION. The results of this study indicate that remodeling of the liver during recovery from fibrosis is a complex and highly coordinated process that extends well beyond the degradation of the collagenous scar. These results also indicate that analysis of the plasma degradome may yield new insight into the mechanisms of fibrosis recovery, and by extension, new "theragnostic" targets. Lastly, a novel potential role for calpain activation in the degradation and turnover of proteins was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Sato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, United States
| | - Kimberly Z. Head
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, United States
| | - Christine E. Dolin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
| | - Daniel Wilkey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
| | - Nolan Skirtich
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Katelyn Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Dylan D. McCreary
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Sylvia Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Juliane I. Beier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, United States
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Aatur D. Singhi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Ryan M. McEnaney
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Michael L. Merchant
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
| | - Gavin E. Arteel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, United States
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
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2
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Moon J, Jung Y, Moon S, Hwang J, Kim S, Kim MS, Yoon JH, Kim K, Park Y, Cho JY, Kweon DH. Production and characterization of lentivirus vector-based SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses with dual reporters: Evaluation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 viral effect of Korean Red Ginseng. J Ginseng Res 2023; 47:123-32. [PMID: 35855181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudotyped virus systems that incorporate viral proteins have been widely employed for the rapid determination of the effectiveness and neutralizing activity of drug and vaccine candidates in biosafety level 2 facilities. We report an efficient method for producing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pseudovirus with dual luciferase and fluorescent protein reporters. Moreover, using the established method, we also aimed to investigate whether Korean Red Ginseng (KRG), a valuable Korean herbal medicine, can attenuate infectivity of the pseudotyped virus. Methods A pseudovirus of SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-2pv) was constructed and efficiently produced using lentivirus vector systems available in the public domain by the introduction of critical mutations in the cytoplasmic tail of the spike protein. KRG extract was dose-dependently treated to Calu-3 cells during SARS2-pv treatment to evaluate the protective activity against SARS-CoV-2. Results The use of Calu-3 cells or the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in HEK293T cells enabled SARS-2pv infection of host cells. Coexpression of transmembrane protease serine subtype 2 (TMPRSS2), which is the activator of spike protein, with ACE2 dramatically elevated luciferase activity, confirming the importance of the TMPRSS2-mediated pathway during SARS-CoV-2 entry. Our pseudovirus assay also revealed that KRG elicited resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection in lung cells, suggesting its beneficial health effect. Conclusion The method demonstrated the production of SARS-2pv for the analysis of vaccine or drug candidates. When KRG was assessed by the method, it protected host cells from coronavirus infection. Further studies will be followed for demonstrating this potential benefit.
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Wu C, Xu Q, Wang H, Tu B, Zeng J, Zhao P, Shi M, Qiu H, Huang Y. Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus using ACE2-engineered extracellular vesicles. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1523-1533. [PMID: 34522576 PMCID: PMC8427979 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) throughout the world has resulted in stressful healthcare burdens and global health crises. Developing an effective measure to protect people from infection is an urgent need. The blockage of interaction between angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and S protein is considered an essential target for anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) drugs. A full-length ACE2 protein could be a potential drug to block early entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells. In this study, a therapeutic strategy was developed by using extracellular vesicles (EVs) with decoy receptor ACE2 for neutralization of SARS-CoV-2. The EVs embedded with engineered ACE2 (EVs-ACE2) were prepared; the EVs-ACE2 were derived from an engineered cell line with stable ACE2 expression. The potential effect of the EVs-ACE2 on anti-SARS-CoV-2 was demonstrated by both in vitro and in vivo neutralization experiments using the pseudovirus with the S protein (S-pseudovirus). EVs-ACE2 can inhibit the infection of S-pseudovirus in various cells, and importantly, the mice treated with intranasal administration of EVs-ACE2 can suppress the entry of S-pseudovirus into the mucosal epithelium. Therefore, the intranasal EVs-ACE2 could be a preventive medicine to protect from SARS-CoV-2 infection. This EVs-based strategy offers a potential route to COVID-19 drug development.
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Key Words
- ACE2
- ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- BSA, bovine albumin
- COVID-19
- EVs, extracellular vesicles
- Extracellular vesicles
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- Intranasal administration
- NTA, nanoparticle tracking analysis
- Neutralization
- PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- Pseudovirus
- RIPA, radio immunoprecipitation assay
- RLU, relative luminescence units
- S protein, spike protein
- SARS-CoV-2
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- Spike protein
- TEM, transmission electron microscope
- WB, western blot
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Affiliation(s)
- Canhao Wu
- Artemisinin Research Center, First Clinical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510450, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Artemisinin Research Center, First Clinical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510450, China
| | - Huiyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bin Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, SIMM, CAS, Zhongshan 528437, China
| | - Jiaxin Zeng
- Artemisinin Research Center, First Clinical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510450, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Mingjie Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yongzhuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, SIMM, CAS, Zhongshan 528437, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Shanghai 201203, China
- Taizhou University, School of Advanced Study, Institute of Natural Medicine and Health Product, Taizhou 318000, China
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Wang S, Sheng F, Zou L, Xiao J, Li P. Hyperoside attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats via cholesterol metabolism and bile acid metabolism. J Adv Res 2022; 34:109-122. [PMID: 35024184 PMCID: PMC8655136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) results from increased hepatic total cholesterol (TC) and total triglyceride (TG) accumulation. In our previous study, we found that rats treated with hyperoside became resistant to hepatic lipid accumulation. Objectives The present study aims to investigate the possible mechanisms responsible for the inhibitory effects of hyperoside on the lipid accumulation in the liver tissues of the NAFLD rats. Methods Label-free proteomics and metabolomics targeting at bile acid (BA) metabolism were applied to disclose the mechanisms for hyperoside reducing hepatic lipid accumulation among the NAFLD rats. Results In response to hyperoside treatment, several proteins related to the fatty acid degradation pathway, cholesterol metabolism pathway, and bile secretion pathway were altered, including ECI1, Acnat2, ApoE, and BSEP, etc. The expression of nuclear receptors (NRs), including farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and liver X receptor α (LXRα), were increased in hyperoside-treated rats' liver tissue, accompanied by decreased protein expression of catalyzing enzymes in the hepatic de novo lipogenesis and increased protein level of enzymes in the classical and alternative BA synthetic pathway. Liver conjugated BAs were less toxic and more hydrophilic than unconjugated BAs. The BA-targeted metabolomics suggest that hyperoside could decrease the levels of liver unconjugated BAs and increase the levels of liver conjugated BAs. Conclusions Taken together, the results suggest that hyperoside could improve the condition of NAFLD by regulating the cholesterol metabolism as well as BAs metabolism and excretion. These findings contribute to understanding the mechanisms by which hyperoside lowers the cholesterol and triglyceride in NAFLD rats.
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Key Words
- ACC, Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- Apo, apolipoprotein
- BAs, bile acids
- BSH, bile salt hydrolase
- Bile acid metabolism
- CYP27A1, sterol 27-hydroxylase
- CYP7A1, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase
- Cholesterol metabolism
- FGF15/19, fibroblast growth factor 15/19
- FXR, farnesoid X receptor
- Hyperoside
- LC-MS, the combination of high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry
- LXRα, liver X receptor α
- Label-free proteomics
- NAFLD
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- PMSF, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
- QC, quality control
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SHP, small heterodimer partner
- SREBP1, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1
- SREBP2, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2
- SREBPs, sterol regulatory element binding proteins
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglyceride
- TGR5, Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5
- Targeted metabolomics
- VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein
- WB, Western blot
- pACC, phosphorylated ACC
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Affiliation(s)
- Songsong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Feiya Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Liang Zou
- School of Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
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5
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Irace FG, Cammisotto V, Valenti V, Forte M, Schirone L, Bartimoccia S, Iaccarino A, Peruzzi M, Schiavon S, Morelli A, Marullo AGM, Miraldi F, Nocella C, De Paulis R, Benedetto U, Greco E, Biondi-Zoccai G, Sciarretta S, Carnevale R, Frati G. Role of Oxidative Stress and Autophagy in Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2021; 6:719-730. [PMID: 34754985 PMCID: PMC8559314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Because autophagy and Nox2 activation were identified as possible mechanisms for preservation of vessel integrity, they could be useful biomarkers to predict risk of aneurysm rupture by detecting the presence of a subclinical aneurysm or monitoring their growth. Biomarkers such as molecules involved in autophagic machinery or Nox2 activation may help to explain pathological processes involved in TAA development and expansion, thereby opening up novel potential therapeutic strategies, such as the use of natural activators of autophagy or molecules that inhibit Nox2 activation, in the setting of aneurysmatic pathology. Formation of aortic aneurysmal disease is multifactorial. Among the mechanisms involved, there is endothelial damage, oxidative stress, as well as an autophagy process, that seem to play a key role in TAA. Therefore, to identify the molecular mechanisms of these processes in TAA patients could lay the groundwork for defining strategies for preventing and slowing the progression of TAA.
Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) pathogenesis and progression include many mechanisms. The authors investigated the role of autophagy, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction in 36 TAA patients and 23 control patients. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed. TAA patients displayed higher oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction then control patients. Autophagy in the TAA group was reduced. The association of oxidative stress and autophagy with aortic disease supports the role of these processes in TAA. The authors demonstrate a putative role of Nox2 and autophagy dysregulation in human TAA. These findings could pinpoint novel treatment targets to prevent or limit TAA progression.
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Key Words
- ATG5, autophagy protein 5
- HBA, hydrogen peroxide break-down activity
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NO, nitric oxide
- PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- TAA, thoracic aortic aneurysms
- VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cell
- autophagy
- endothelial dysfunction
- oxidative stress
- sNox2-dp, soluble Nox2-derived peptide
- thoracic aortic aneurysm
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco G Irace
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, European Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of General and Specialized Surgery "Paride Stefanini," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Cammisotto
- Department of General and Specialized Surgery "Paride Stefanini," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological, and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Valenti
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | | | - Leonardo Schirone
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Simona Bartimoccia
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Alessandra Iaccarino
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariangela Peruzzi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.,Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
| | - Sonia Schiavon
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Andrea Morelli
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological, and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino G M Marullo
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Fabio Miraldi
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological, and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Nocella
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological, and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Umberto Benedetto
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ernesto Greco
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological, and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.,Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.,Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
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Bae SH, Yoo JE, Hong JW, Park HR, Noh B, Kim H, Kang M, Hyun YM, Gee HY, Choi JY, Jung J. LCCL peptide cleavage after noise exposure exacerbates hearing loss and is associated with the monocyte infiltration in the cochlea. Hear Res 2021; 412:108378. [PMID: 34735822 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2021.108378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acoustic trauma induces an inflammatory response in the cochlea, resulting in debilitating hearing function. Clinically, amelioration of inflammation substantially prevents noise-induced hearing loss. The Limulus factor C, Cochlin, and Lgl1 (LCCL) peptide plays an important role in innate immunity during bacteria-induced inflammation in the cochlea. We aimed to investigate the LCCL-induced innate immune response to noise exposure and its impact on hearing function. METHODS We used Coch (encodes cochlin harboring LCCL peptide) knock-out and p.G88E knock-in mice to compare the immune responses before and after noise exposure. We explored their hearing function and hair cell degeneration. Moreover, we investigated distinct characteristics of immune responses upon noise exposure using flow cytometry and RNA sequencing. RESULTS One day after noise exposure, the LCCL peptide cleaved from cochlin increased over time in the perilymph space. Both Coch-/- and CochG88E/G88E mutant mice revealed more preserved hearing following acoustic trauma compared to wild-type mice. The outer hair cells were more preserved in Coch-/- than in wild-type mice upon noise exposure. The RNA sequencing data demonstrated significantly upregulated cell migration gene ontology in wild-type mice than in Coch-/- mice following noise exposure, indicating that the infiltration of immune cells was dependent on cochlin. Notably, infiltrated monocytes from blood (C11b+/Ly6G-/Ly6C+) were remarkably higher in wild-type mice than in Coch-/- mice at 1 day after noise exposure. CONCLUSIONS Noise-induced hearing loss was attributed to over-stimulated cochlin, and led to the cleavage and secretion of LCCL peptide in the cochlea. The LCCL peptide recruited more monocytes from the blood vessels upon noise stimulation, thus highlighting a novel therapeutic target for noise-induced hearing loss.
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Key Words
- AIED, Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease
- Acoustic trauma, animal study, inflammatory response, LCCL peptide, noise-induced hearing loss, Abbreviations, ABR, auditory brainstem response
- CCL2, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2
- DEGs, differentially expressed genes
- EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- IL-1β, interleukin-1β
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- KO, knock-out
- LCCL, Limulus factor C, Cochlin, and Lgl1
- NIHL, noise-induced hearing loss
- RNA-seq, RNA sequencing
- RT-PCR, real-time polymerase chain reaction
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SPL, sound pressure level
- Tnf-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hoon Bae
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Eun Yoo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeng Ran Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byunghwa Noh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoyeol Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjin Kang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Hyun
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Yung Gee
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsei Jung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Zhang S, Wang Y, Kong Z, Zhang X, Sun B, Yu H, Chen Q, Luo C, Sun J, He Z. Pure photosensitizer-driven nanoassembly with core-matched PEGylation for imaging-guided photodynamic therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3636-47. [PMID: 34900542 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pure drug-assembled nanomedicines (PDANs) are currently under intensive investigation as promising nanoplatforms for cancer therapy. However, poor colloidal stability and less tumor-homing ability remain critical unresolved problems that impede their clinical translation. Herein, we report a core-matched nanoassembly of pyropheophorbide a (PPa) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Pure PPa molecules are found to self-assemble into nanoparticles (NPs), and an amphiphilic PEG polymer (PPa-PEG2K) is utilized to achieve core-matched PEGylating modification via the π‒π stacking effect and hydrophobic interaction between the PPa core and the PPa-PEG2K shell. Compared to PCL-PEG2K with similar molecular weight, PPa-PEG2K significantly increases the stability, prolongs the systemic circulation and improves the tumor-homing ability and ROS generation efficiency of PPa-nanoassembly. As a result, PPa/PPa-PEG2K NPs exert potent antitumor activity in a 4T1 breast tumor-bearing BALB/c mouse xenograft model. Together, such a core-matched nanoassembly of pure photosensitizer provides a new strategy for the development of imaging-guided theragnostic nanomedicines.
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Key Words
- ACQ, aggregation caused quenching
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN, blood urine nitrogen
- CRE, creatinine
- Core-matched
- DCFH-DA, 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate
- DDS, drug delivery system
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- Imaging-guided
- NPs, nanoparticles
- NaCl, sodium chloride
- Nanoassembly
- PBS, phosphate buffer solution
- PDANs, pure drug-assembled nanomedicines
- PDT, photodynamic therapy
- PPa, pyropheophorbide a
- PS, photosensitizer
- Photodynamic therapy
- Pure drug-assembled nanomedicines
- Pure photosensitizer
- Pyropheophorbide a
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SOSG, Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green Reagent
- Self-assembly
- nano-DDS, nanoparticulate drug delivery systems
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Gondelaud F, Bouakil M, Le Fèvre A, Miele AE, Chirot F, Duclos B, Liwo A, Ricard-Blum S. Extended disorder at the cell surface: The conformational landscape of the ectodomains of syndecans. Matrix Biol Plus 2021; 12:100081. [PMID: 34505054 PMCID: PMC8416954 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2021.100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Syndecans are membrane proteoglycans regulating extracellular matrix assembly, cell adhesion and signaling. Their ectodomains can be shed from the cell surface, and act as paracrine and autocrine effectors or as competitors of full-length syndecans. We report the first biophysical characterization of the recombinant ectodomains of the four human syndecans using biophysical techniques, and show that they behave like flexible random-coil intrinsically disordered proteins, and adopt several conformation ensembles in solution. We have characterized their conformational landscapes using native mass spectrometry (MS) and ion-mobility MS, and demonstrated that the syndecan ectodomains explore the majority of their conformational landscape, from minor compact, globular-like, conformations to extended ones. We also report that the ectodomain of syndecan-4, corresponding to a natural isoform, is able to dimerize via a disulfide bond. We have generated a three-dimensional model of the C-terminus of this dimer, which supports the dimerization via a disulfide bond. Furthermore, we have mapped the NXIP adhesion motif of syndecans and their sequences involved in the formation of ternary complexes with integrins and growth factor receptors on the major conformations of their ectodomains, and shown that these sequences are not accessible in all the conformations, suggesting that only some of them are biologically active. Lastly, although the syndecan ectodomains have a far lower number of amino acid residues than their membrane partners, their intrinsic disorder and flexibility allow them to adopt extended conformations, which have roughly the same size as the cell surface receptors (e.g., integrins and growth factor receptors) they bind to.
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Key Words
- CCS, collision cross section
- CD, circular dichroism
- CSD, charge state distribution
- Cell-matrix interactions
- Conformations
- DLS, dynamic light scattering
- DTT, dithiothreitol
- ED, ectodomain
- ESI-IM-MS, electrospray ionization - ion mobility - mass spectrometry
- ESI-MS, electrospray ionization - mass spectrometry
- GAG, glycosaminoglycan
- IDP, intrinsically disordered protein
- Intrinsically disordered proteins
- MoRF, molecular recognition feature
- PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- PMG, pre-molten globule
- RC, random-coil
- SASA, solvent accessible surface area
- SAXS, small angle X-ray scattering
- SDC, syndecan
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SEC, size exclusion chromatography
- Syndecans
- TFE, trifluoroethanol
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Gondelaud
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS), UMR 5246, F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Mathilde Bouakil
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, UMR 5306, Cité Lyonnaise de l'Environnement et de l'Analyse, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Aurélien Le Fèvre
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Adriana Erica Miele
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS), UMR 5246, F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Fabien Chirot
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Bertrand Duclos
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS), UMR 5246, F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Adam Liwo
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS), UMR 5246, F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
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Dahlgren D, Olander T, Sjöblom M, Hedeland M, Lennernäs H. Effect of paracellular permeation enhancers on intestinal permeability of two peptide drugs, enalaprilat and hexarelin, in rats. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1667-1675. [PMID: 34221875 PMCID: PMC8245904 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcellular permeation enhancers are known to increase the intestinal permeability of enalaprilat, a 349 Da peptide, but not hexarelin (887 Da). The primary aim of this paper was to investigate if paracellular permeability enhancers affected the intestinal permeation of the two peptides. This was investigated using the rat single-pass intestinal perfusion model with concomitant blood sampling. These luminal compositions included two paracellular permeation enhancers, chitosan (5 mg/mL) and ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA, 1 and 5 mg/mL), as well as low luminal tonicity (100 mOsm) with or without lidocaine. Effects were evaluated by the change in lumen-to-blood permeability of hexarelin and enalaprilat, and the blood-to-lumen clearance of 51chromium-labeled EDTA (CLCr-EDTA), a clinical marker for mucosal barrier integrity. The two paracellular permeation enhancers increased the mucosal permeability of both peptide drugs to a similar extent. The data in this study suggests that the potential for paracellular permeability enhancers to increase intestinal absorption of hydrophilic peptides with low molecular mass is greater than for those with transcellular mechanism-of-action. Further, the mucosal blood-to-lumen flux of 51Cr-EDTA was increased by the two paracellular permeation enhancers and by luminal hypotonicity. In contrast, luminal hypotonicity did not affect the lumen-to-blood transport of enalaprilat and hexarelin. This suggests that hypotonicity affects paracellular solute transport primarily in the mucosal crypt region, as this area is protected from luminal contents by a constant water flow from the crypts.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dahlgren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Translational Drug Discovery and Development, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 36, Sweden
| | - Tobias Olander
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Translational Drug Discovery and Development, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 36, Sweden
| | - Markus Sjöblom
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 36, Sweden
| | - Mikael Hedeland
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 36, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Environment and Feed Hygiene, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala 751 89, Sweden
| | - Hans Lennernäs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Translational Drug Discovery and Development, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 36, Sweden
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Khan NU, Ni J, Ju X, Miao T, Chen H, Han L. Escape from abluminal LRP1-mediated clearance for boosted nanoparticle brain delivery and brain metastasis treatment. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1341-1354. [PMID: 34094838 PMCID: PMC8148067 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer brain metastases (BCBMs) are one of the most difficult malignancies to treat due to the intracranial location and multifocal growth. Chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapy are extremely ineffective for BCBMs due to the inept brain accumulation because of the formidable blood‒brain barrier (BBB). Accumulation studies prove that low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is promising target for BBB transcytosis. However, as the primary clearance receptor for amyloid beta and tissue plasminogen activator, LRP1 at abluminal side of BBB can clear LRP1-targeting therapeutics. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1) is highly enriched in metastatic niche to promote growth of BCBMs. Herein, it is reported that nanoparticles (NPs-K-s-A) tethered with MMP1-sensitive fusion peptide containing HER2-targeting K and LRP1-targeting angiopep-2 (A), can surmount the BBB and escape LRP1-mediated clearance in metastatic niche. NPs-K-s-A revealed infinitely superior brain accumulation to angiopep-2-decorated NPs-A in BCBMs bearing mice, while comparable brain accumulation in normal mice. The delivered doxorubicin and lapatinib synergistically inhibit BCBMs growth and prolongs survival of mice bearing BCBMs. Due to the efficient BBB penetration, special and remarkable clearance escape, and facilitated therapeutic outcome, the fusion peptide-based drug delivery strategy may serve as a potential approach for clinical management of BCBMs.
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Key Words
- 231Br, MDA-MB-231Br-HER2
- A, angiopep-2
- AUC0‒t, area under the curve from zero to time t
- Abluminal LRP1
- Amyloid beta
- Aβ, amyloid beta
- BBB, blood‒brain barrier
- BCBMs, breast cancer brain metastases
- BMECs, brain microvascular endothelial cells
- Blood‒brain barrier
- Brain clearance
- Breast cancer brain metastases
- CI, combination index
- CL, clearance
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified eagle medium
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- DOX, doxorubicin
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- Fa, the fraction of tumor cells affected
- Fusion peptide
- K, KAAYSL
- LAP, lapatinib
- LRP1, low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1
- MAL-PEG-SCM, maleimide polyethylene glycol succinimidyl carboxymethyl ester
- MCM, MDA-MB-231Br-HER2 conditioned medium
- MMP
- MMP1, matrix metalloproteinase-1
- MRT0‒t, mean residence time from zero to time t
- NPs, nanoparticles
- Nanoparticles
- PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
- PLGA-PLL, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-poly(ε-carbobenzoxy-l-lysine)
- PLL, poly(ε-carbobenzoxy-l-lysine)
- PVA, polyvinyl alcohol
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- i, insensitive GDQGIAGF
- s, sensitive VPMS-MRGG
- t1/2, half time
- tPA, tissue plasminogen activator
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11
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Takada N, Niwa Y, Teshigawara T, Isogai K, Okura H, Matsuyama A. The integrity of chemically treated plasmid DNA as a chemical-based choice for prion clearance. Regen Ther 2021; 15:112-120. [PMID: 33426209 PMCID: PMC7770345 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In regenerative medical products for clinical applications, a major concern is the risk of ruminant-derived materials developing transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) in the manufacturing process. Because of the risk of TSE causing prion disease, the raw materials derived from ruminants should be compliant with the “Standard for Biological Raw Materials” to ensure the quality and safety of pharmaceutical products. We therefore tested whether plasmid DNA could withstand four chemical reagents (Gdn-HCl, Gdn-SCN, TCA, or SDS), having referred to the report by Tateishi et al. [1], which describes how Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease pathogens can be inactivated by chemical reagents capable of producing a 7-log reduction in prion inactivation. We observed that plasmid DNA was mixed with chemical reagents and that the functionality of plasmid DNA was equivalent for both chemical and non-chemical treatment. The potency of plasmid DNA was monitored by the existence of DNA fragments and the function by which GFP proteins were produced by HEK293-cell transfected plasmid DNA. The existence of DNA fragments was detected in plasmid DNA treated by chemical reagents, except when undergoing TCA treatment. Additionally, when HEK293 cells were transfected with the plasmid DNA after chemical treatment, GFP protein was produced. These results indicate that plasmid DNA can withstand the chemical treatments for blocking prion transmission. Inactivation methods need to be carefully chosen based on the raw materials. Plasmid DNA withstood chemical treatment, undergoing Gdn-HCl, Gdn-SCN, and SDS for prion inactivation. The integrity of chemically treated plasmid DNA is not compromised as a result of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Takada
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Niwa
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Support Promotion Facility, Center for Research Promotion and Support, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Teshigawara
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Support Promotion Facility, Center for Research Promotion and Support, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazue Isogai
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hanayuki Okura
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Support Promotion Facility, Center for Research Promotion and Support, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akifumi Matsuyama
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Regenerative Medicine Support Promotion Facility, Center for Research Promotion and Support, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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12
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Nozaki M, Otomo A, Mitsui S, Ono S, Shirakawa R, Chen Y, Hama Y, Sato K, Chen X, Suzuki T, Shang HF, Hadano S. SQSTM1 L341V variant that is linked to sporadic ALS exhibits impaired association with MAP1LC3 in cultured cells. eNeurologicalSci 2020; 22:100301. [PMID: 33319079 PMCID: PMC7723791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2020.100301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are genetically, pathologically and clinically-related progressive neurodegenerative diseases. Thus far, several SQSTM1 variations have been identified in patients with ALS and FTD. However, it remains unclear how SQSTM1 variations lead to neurodegeneration. To address this issue, we investigated the effects of ectopic expression of SQSTM1 variants, which were originally identified in Japanese and Chinese sporadic ALS patients, on the cellular viability, their intracellular distributions and the autophagic activity in cultured cells. Expression of SQSTM1 variants in PC12 cells exerted no observable effects on viabilities under both normal and oxidative-stressed conditions. Further, although expression of SQSTM1 variants in PC12 cells and Sqstm1-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts resulted in the formation of numerous granular SQSTM1-positive structures, called SQSTM1-bodies, their intracellular distributions were indistinguishable from those of wild-type SQSTM1. Nonetheless, quantitative colocalization analysis of SQSTM1-bodies with MAP1LC3 demonstrated that among ALS-linked SQSTM1 variants, L341V variant showed the significantly lower level of colocalization. However, there were no consistent effects on the autophagic activities among the variants examined. These results suggest that although some ALS-linked SQSTM1 variations have a discernible effect on the intracellular distribution of SQSTM1-bodies, the impacts of other variations on the cellular homeostasis are rather limited at least under transiently-expressed conditions. Ectopic expression of ALS-linked SQSTM1 variants does not affect cell viability. Ectopic expression of SQSTM1 in cells results in formation of SQSTM1-body. Ectopic expression of SQSTM1 in cells has marginal impacts on the autophagic activity. SQSTM1L341V variant exhibits impaired association with LC3 in cultured cells.
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Key Words
- ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
- Autophagy
- CCCP, carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone
- CI, complete protease inhibitor
- CQ, chloroquine
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride
- DMEM, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium
- DTT, dithiothreitol
- EBSS, Earle's Balanced Salt Solution
- Frontotemporal dementia (FTD)
- GST, glutathione S-transferase
- HA, hemagglutinin
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- IPTG, isopropyl thio-beta-D-galactoside
- MAP1LC3/LC3
- MEF, mouse embryonic fibroblast
- MND, motor neuron disease
- NGS, normal goat serum
- PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- PVDF, polyvinylidene difluoride
- RT, room temperature
- SBMA, spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SQSTM1
- SQSTM1/p62-body
- WT, wild-type
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahisa Nozaki
- Molecular Neuropathobiology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Asako Otomo
- Molecular Neuropathobiology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
- Micro/Nano Technology Center, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Shun Mitsui
- Molecular Neuropathobiology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Suzuka Ono
- Molecular Neuropathobiology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Ryohei Shirakawa
- Molecular Neuropathobiology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - YongPing Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yutaro Hama
- Molecular Neuropathobiology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Kai Sato
- Molecular Neuropathobiology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - XuePing Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Toshiyasu Suzuki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Hui-Fang Shang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shinji Hadano
- Molecular Neuropathobiology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
- Micro/Nano Technology Center, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
- Research Center for Brain and Nervous Diseases, Tokai University Graduate School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
- Corresponding author at: Molecular Neuropathobiology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
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Jiang K, Chen J, Tai L, Liu C, Chen X, Wei G, Lu W, Pan W. Inhibition of post-trabeculectomy fibrosis via topically instilled antisense oligonucleotide complexes co-loaded with fluorouracil. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1754-1768. [PMID: 33088694 PMCID: PMC7563997 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trabeculectomy is the mainstay of surgical glaucoma treatment, while the success rate was unsatisfying due to postoperative scarring of the filtering blebs. Clinical countermeasures for scar prevention are intraoperative intervention or repeated subconjunctival injections. Herein, we designed a co-delivery system capable of transporting fluorouracil and anti-TGF-β2 oligonucleotide to synergistically inhibit fibroblast proliferation via topical instillation. This co-delivery system was built based on a cationic dendrimer core (PAMAM), which encapsulated fluorouracil within hydrophobic cavity and condensed oligonucleotide with surface amino groups, and was further modified with hyaluronic acid and cell-penetrating peptide penetratin. The co-delivery system was self-assembled into nanoscale complexes with increased cellular uptake and enabled efficient inhibition on proliferation of fibroblast cells. In vivo studies on rabbit trabeculectomy models further confirmed the anti-fibrosis efficiency of the complexes, which prolonged survival time of filtering blebs and maintained their height and extent during wound healing process, exhibiting an equivalent effect on scar prevention compared to intraoperative infiltration with fluorouracil. Qualitative observation by immunohistochemistry staining and quantitative analysis by Western blotting both suggested that TGF-β2 expression was inhibited by the co-delivery complexes. Our study provided a potential approach promising to guarantee success rate of trabeculectomy and prolong survival time of filtering blebs.
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Key Words
- ASO, antisense oligonucleotide
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DLS, dynamic light scattering
- EE, encapsulation efficiency
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- FAM, 6-carboxyfluorescein
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FITC, fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate
- Fibrosis prevention
- Fluorouracil
- Fu, fluorouracil
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- Gene delivery
- HA, hyaluronic acid
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- IBAGS, the Indiana Bleb Appearance Grading Scale
- IOP, intraocular pressure
- L929, murine fibroblast cells
- MWCO, molecular weight cut-off
- PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- PAMAM, poly(amidoamine)
- PEI, polyethylenimine
- PG5, PAMAM G5–NH2
- PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
- PVDF, polyvinylidene difluoride
- Pene, penetratin
- Penetratin
- SDHCEC, human corneal epithelial cells
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- TEM, transmission electron microscope
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β
- Trabeculectomy
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Junyi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lingyu Tai
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xishan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Gang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- The Institutes of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Shanghai 201203, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 21 51980091, fax: +86 21 51980090 (Gang Wei); Tel.: +86 24 23986313, fax: +86 24 23953241 (Weisan Pan).
| | - Weiyue Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- The Institutes of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Weisan Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 21 51980091, fax: +86 21 51980090 (Gang Wei); Tel.: +86 24 23986313, fax: +86 24 23953241 (Weisan Pan).
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Sato Y, Yabuki T, Adachi N, Moriya T, Arakawa T, Kawasaki M, Yamada C, Senda T, Fushinobu S, Wakagi T. Crystallographic and cryogenic electron microscopic structures and enzymatic characterization of sulfur oxygenase reductase from Sulfurisphaera tokodaii. J Struct Biol X 2020; 4:100030. [PMID: 32775998 PMCID: PMC7398979 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjsbx.2020.100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur oxygenase reductase (SOR) was biochemically and structurally characterized. High resolution structures of SOR were determined by crystallography and cryo-EM. Twenty-four identical subunits of SOR form a hollow sphere. Catalytic components exhibited different features in the crystal and cryo-EM structures.
Sulfur oxygenase reductases (SORs) are present in thermophilic and mesophilic archaea and bacteria, and catalyze oxygen-dependent oxygenation and disproportionation of elemental sulfur. SOR has a hollow, spherical homo-24-mer structure and reactions take place at active sites inside the chamber. The crystal structures of SORs from Acidianus species have been reported. However, the states of the active site components (mononuclear iron and cysteines) and the entry and exit paths of the substrate and products are still in dispute. Here, we report the biochemical and structural characterizations of SORs from the thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfurisphaera tokodaii (StSOR) and present high-resolution structures determined by X-ray crystallography and cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). The crystal structure of StSOR was determined at 1.73 Å resolution. At the catalytic center, iron is ligated to His86, His90, Glu114, and two water molecules. Three conserved cysteines in the cavity are located 9.5–13 Å from the iron and were observed as free thiol forms. A mutational analysis indicated that the iron and one of the cysteines (Cys31) were essential for both activities. The cryo-EM structure was determined at 2.24 Å resolution using an instrument operating at 200 kV. The two structures determined by different methodologies showed similar main chain traces, but the maps exhibited different features at catalytically important components. A possible role of StSOR in the sulfur metabolism of S. tokodaii (an obligate aerobe) is discussed based on this study. Given the high resolution achieved in this study, StSOR was shown to be a good benchmark sample for cryo-EM.
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Key Words
- AaSOR, Acidianus ambivalens SOR
- AqSOR, Aquifex aeolicus SOR
- Archaea
- AtSOR, Acidianus tengchongensis SOR
- CTF, contrast transfer function
- Cryogenic electron microscopy
- DTNB, 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)
- FSC, Fourier shell correlation
- HnSOR, Halothiobacillus neapolitanus SOR
- Nonheme mononuclear iron center
- PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- RMSD, root mean square deviation
- SD, standard deviation
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SOR, sulfur oxygenase reductase
- SbSOR, Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans SOR
- StSOR, Sulfurisphaera tokodaii SOR
- Sulfur metabolism
- TpSOR, Thioalkalivibrio paradoxus SOR
- X-ray crystallography
- cryo-EM, cryogenic electron microscopy
- pCMB, p-chloromercuribenzoate
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Sato
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takashi Yabuki
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Naruhiko Adachi
- Structural Biology Research Center, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Toshio Moriya
- Structural Biology Research Center, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Arakawa
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masato Kawasaki
- Structural Biology Research Center, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Chihaya Yamada
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Toshiya Senda
- Structural Biology Research Center, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Shinya Fushinobu
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Wakagi
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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15
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Huang Y, Chen S, Wu S, Dong G, Sheng C. Evodiamine-inspired dual inhibitors of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and topoisomerase 2 (TOP2) with potent antitumor activity. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1294-1308. [PMID: 32874829 PMCID: PMC7452071 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A great challenge in multi-targeting drug discovery is to identify drug-like lead compounds with therapeutic advantages over single target inhibitors and drug combinations. Inspired by our previous efforts in designing antitumor evodiamine derivatives, herein selective histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and topoisomerase 2 (TOP2) dual inhibitors were successfully identified, which showed potent in vitro and in vivo antitumor potency. Particularly, compound 30a was orally active and possessed excellent in vivo antitumor activity in the HCT116 xenograft model (TGI = 75.2%, 150 mg/kg, p.o.) without significant toxicity, which was more potent than HDAC inhibitor vorinostat, TOP inhibitor evodiamine and their combination. Taken together, this study highlights the therapeutic advantages of evodiamine-based HDAC1/TOP2 dual inhibitors and provides valuable leads for the development of novel multi-targeting antitumor agents.
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Key Words
- Antitumor activity
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CCK-8, cell counting kit-8
- CPT, camptothecin
- DIPEA, N,N-diisopropylethylamine
- DMF, dimethylformamide
- Dual inhibitors
- Eto, etoposide
- Evodiamine
- HATU, 1-[bis(dimethylamino)methylene]-1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridinium 3-oxid hexafluorophosphate
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- Histone deacetylase
- IP, intraperitoneal injection
- OD, optical density
- PI, propidium iodide
- SD, Sprague–Dawley
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- TAE, Tris-acetate-EDTA
- TGI, tumor growth inhibition
- TOP, topoisomerase
- Topoisomerase
- ZBG, zinc-binding group
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16
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Hayashi S, Osada Y, Miura K, Simizu S. Cell-dependent regulation of vasculogenic mimicry by carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1). Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 21:100734. [PMID: 32025578 PMCID: PMC6997815 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) promotes tumor migration, metastasis, and invasion in various types of cancer, but the relationship between VM and these phenotypes remains undefined. In this study, we examined carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) as a novel target of VM. We found that ectopic expression of CEACAM1 in HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells suppressed the formation of a VM-like network. Further, cell migration and proliferation were abated by the introduction of CEACAM1 into HT1080 cells. Conversely, knockout (KO) of the CEACAM1 gene in SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells, which normally express high levels of CEACAM1, inhibited formation of a VM-like network, which was covered on reintroduction of CEACAM1. These results suggest that CEACAM1 differentially regulates formation of the VM-like network between cancer cell types and implicate CEACAM1 as a novel therapeutic target in malignant cancer. CEACAM1 is not expressed in HT1080 cells, and overexpression of CEACAM1 in HT1080 cells suppresses vasculogenic mimicry. CEACAM1 is highly expressed in SK-MEL-28 cells, and deletion of CEACAM1 in SK-MEL-28 cells abolishes vasculogenic mimicry. CEACAM1 regulates vasculogenic mimicry in a cell-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Osada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kazuki Miura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Siro Simizu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
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17
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Picón-Pagès P, Bonet J, García-García J, Garcia-Buendia J, Gutierrez D, Valle J, Gómez-Casuso CE, Sidelkivska V, Alvarez A, Perálvarez-Marín A, Suades A, Fernàndez-Busquets X, Andreu D, Vicente R, Oliva B, Muñoz FJ. Human Albumin Impairs Amyloid β-peptide Fibrillation Through its C-terminus: From docking Modeling to Protection Against Neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:963-971. [PMID: 31360335 PMCID: PMC6639691 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative process characterized by the accumulation of extracellular deposits of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ), which induces neuronal death. Monomeric Aβ is not toxic but tends to aggregate into β-sheets that are neurotoxic. Therefore to prevent or delay AD onset and progression one of the main therapeutic approaches would be to impair Aβ assembly into oligomers and fibrils and to promote disaggregation of the preformed aggregate. Albumin is the most abundant protein in the cerebrospinal fluid and it was reported to bind Aβ impeding its aggregation. In a previous work we identified a 35-residue sequence of clusterin, a well-known protein that binds Aβ, that is highly similar to the C-terminus (CTerm) of albumin. In this work, the docking experiments show that the average binding free energy of the CTerm-Aβ1-42 simulations was significantly lower than that of the clusterin-Aβ1-42 binding, highlighting the possibility that the CTerm retains albumin's binding properties. To validate this observation, we performed in vitro structural analysis of soluble and aggregated 1 μM Aβ1-42 incubated with 5 μM CTerm, equimolar to the albumin concentration in the CSF. Reversed-phase chromatography and electron microscopy analysis demonstrated a reduction of Aβ1-42 aggregates when the CTerm was present. Furthermore, we treated a human neuroblastoma cell line with soluble and aggregated Aβ1-42 incubated with CTerm obtaining a significant protection against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. These in silico and in vitro data suggest that the albumin CTerm is able to impair Aβ aggregation and to promote disassemble of Aβ aggregates protecting neurons.
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Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- APP, amyloid precursor protein
- Albumin
- Alzheimer's disease
- Amyloid
- Aß, Amyloid-ß peptide
- CD, Circular dichroism
- CSF, cerebrospinal fluid
- CTerm, albumin C-terminus
- Docking
- HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography
- LC-MS, Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PDB, Protein Data Bank
- PPI, protein-protein interactions
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
- TFA, trifluoroacetic acid
- UV, ultraviolet
- fAβ1–42, HiLyte Fluor488 labelled human Aβ1–42
- β-Sheet
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Affiliation(s)
- Pol Picón-Pagès
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Bonet
- Laboratory of Structural Bioinformatics (GRIB), Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier García-García
- Laboratory of Structural Bioinformatics (GRIB), Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Garcia-Buendia
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniela Gutierrez
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Centro UC de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Valle
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Protein Chemistry, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen E.S. Gómez-Casuso
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valeriya Sidelkivska
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandra Alvarez
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Centro UC de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alex Perálvarez-Marín
- Unitat de Biofísica, Departament de Bioquímica i de Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Centre d'Estudis en Biofísica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Suades
- Unitat de Biofísica, Departament de Bioquímica i de Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Centre d'Estudis en Biofísica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Fernàndez-Busquets
- Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, ES-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Rosselló 149-153, ES-08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Andreu
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Protein Chemistry, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Vicente
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Baldomero Oliva
- Laboratory of Structural Bioinformatics (GRIB), Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Muñoz
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Chang L, Hu Y, Fu Y, Zhou T, You J, Du J, Zheng L, Cao J, Ying M, Dai X, Su D, He Q, Zhu H, Yang B. Targeting slug-mediated non-canonical activation of c-Met to overcome chemo-resistance in metastatic ovarian cancer cells. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:484-495. [PMID: 31193822 PMCID: PMC6543058 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis-associated drug resistance accounts for high mortality in ovarian cancer and remains to be a major barrier for effective treatment. In this study, SKOV3/T4, a metastatic subpopulation of ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells, was enriched to explore potential interventions against metastatic-associated drug resistance. Quantitative genomic and functional analyses were performed and found that slug was significantly increased in the SKOV3/T4 subpopulation and contributed to the high resistance of SKOV3/T4. Further studies showed that slug activated c-Met in a ligand-independent manner due to elevated levels of fibronectin and provoked integrin α V function, which was confirmed by the significant correlation of slug and p-Met levels in 121 ovarian cancer patient samples. Intriguingly, c-Met inhibitor(s) exhibited greatly enhanced anti-cancer effects in slug-positive ovarian cancer models both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, IHC analyses revealed that slug levels were highly correlated with reduced survival of ovarian cancer patients. Taken together, this study not only uncovers the critical roles of slug in drug resistance in ovarian cancer but also highlights a promising therapeutic strategy by targeting the noncanonical activation of c-Met in slug-positive ovarian cancer patients with poor prognosis.
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Key Words
- CO2, carbon dioxide
- DMEM, Dulbecco׳s modified Eagle׳s medium
- Drug resistance
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- HGF, hepatocyte growth factor
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- ITGA5, integrin subunit alpha 5
- OS, overall survival
- Ovarian cancer
- PBS, phosphate buffered solution
- PFS, progression-free survival
- PPS, postprogression survival
- PVDF, polyvinylidene fluoride
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- Slug
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor-beta
- VEGFR, kinase insert domain receptor
- XL184
- c-Met
- cDNA, complementary DNA
- qRT-PCR, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
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19
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Kato Y, Furusawa Y, Yamada S, Itai S, Takei J, Sano M, Kaneko MK. Establishment of a monoclonal antibody PMab-225 against alpaca podoplanin for immunohistochemical analyses. Biochem Biophys Rep 2019; 18:100633. [PMID: 30997422 PMCID: PMC6451175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2019.100633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Podoplanin (PDPN) is known as a lymphatic endothelial cell marker. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against human, mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, cat, bovine, pig, and horse PDPN have been established in our previous studies. However, mAbs against alpaca PDPN (aPDPN), required for immunohistochemical analysis, remain to be developed. In the present study, we employed the Cell-Based Immunization and Screening (CBIS) method for producing anti-aPDPN mAbs. We immunized mice with aPDPN-overexpressing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells (CHO/aPDPN), and hybridomas producing mAbs against aPDPN were screened using flow cytometry. One of the mAbs, PMab-225 (IgG2b, kappa), specifically detected CHO/aPDPN cells via flow cytometry and recognized the aPDPN protein on Western blotting. Further, PMab-225 strongly stained lung type I alveolar cells, colon lymphatic endothelial cells, and kidney podocytes via immunohistochemistry. These findings demonstrate that PMab-225 antibody is useful to investigate the function of aPDPN via different techniques. PDPN is known as a specific lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) marker. Sensitive and specific PMab-225 mAb against alpaca PDPN was produced. PMab-225 strongly reacted with alpaca PDPN in flow cytometry. PMab-225 is useful for IHC using paraffin-embedded cell sections.
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Key Words
- Alpaca podoplanin
- CBIS, Cell-Based Immunization and Screening
- CHO, Chinese hamster ovary
- CLEC-2, C-type lectin-like receptor-2
- DAB, 3,3′-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PDPN
- PDPN, podoplanin
- PMab-225
- PVDF, polyvinylidene difluoride
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- aPDPN, alpaca podoplanin
- hPDPN, human podoplanin
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukinari Kato
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.,Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Furusawa
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.,Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shinji Yamada
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Itai
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Junko Takei
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masato Sano
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Mika K Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
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20
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Furusawa Y, Yamada S, Itai S, Nakamura T, Yanaka M, Sano M, Harada H, Fukui M, Kaneko MK, Kato Y. PMab-219: A monoclonal antibody for the immunohistochemical analysis of horse podoplanin. Biochem Biophys Rep 2019; 18:100616. [PMID: 30766925 PMCID: PMC6360987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against human, mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, cat, and bovine podoplanin (PDPN), a lymphatic endothelial cell marker, have been established in our previous studies. However, mAbs against horse PDPN (horPDPN), which are useful for immunohistochemical analysis, remain to be developed. In the present study, mice were immunized with horPDPN-overexpressing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells (CHO/horPDPN), and hybridomas producing mAbs against horPDPN were screened using flow cytometry. One of the mAbs, PMab-219 (IgG2a, kappa), specifically detected CHO/horPDPN cells via flow cytometry and recognized horPDPN protein using Western blotting. Furthermore, PMab-219 strongly stained CHO/horPDPN via immunohistochemistry. These findings suggest that PMab-219 is useful for investigating the function of horPDPN. PDPN is known as a specific lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) marker. Sensitive and specific PMab-219 mAb against horse PDPN was produced. PMab-219 reacted with a horse renal cell line sensitively in flow cytometry. PMab-219 is useful for IHC using paraffin-embedded cell sections.
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Key Words
- CBIS, Cell-Based Immunization and Screening
- CHO, Chinese hamster ovary
- CLEC-2, C-type lectin-like receptor-2
- DAB, 3,3'-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- Horse podoplanin
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PDPN
- PDPN, podoplanin
- PMab-219
- PVDF, polyvinylidene difluoride
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- hPDPN, human podoplanin
- horPDPN, horse podoplanin
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Furusawa
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
- ZENOAQ RESOURCE CO., LTD, 1-1 Tairanoue, Sasagawa, Asaka-machi, Koriyama, Fukushima, 963-0196, Japan
| | - Shinji Yamada
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Itai
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takuro Nakamura
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Miyuki Yanaka
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masato Sano
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Harada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Masato Fukui
- ZENOAQ RESOURCE CO., LTD, 1-1 Tairanoue, Sasagawa, Asaka-machi, Koriyama, Fukushima, 963-0196, Japan
| | - Mika K. Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
- Corresponding author.New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
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21
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Offor U, Naidu EC, Ogedengbe OO, Jegede AI, Peter AI, Azu OO. Nephrotoxicity and highly active antiretroviral therapy: Mitigating action of Momordica charantia. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:1153-1160. [PMID: 30627515 PMCID: PMC6319328 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Momordica charantia (M. charantia) is known for its antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. The aim of this study is to investigate the renoprotective effects of M. charantia in rats following treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen triplavar. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 178.1-220.5 g (n = 36) were divided into six groups (A-F) with each group comprising of six (n = 6) rats. The drugs and extract were administered via oral gavage. The therapeutic dose of triplavar was adjusted using the human therapeutic dose equivalent for the rat model. Animals were euthanized on the tenth week with kidneys removed for examination and blood obtained via cardiac puncture. Levels of oxidative stress enzymes (superoxide dismutase-SOD, catalase-CAT, and reduced glutathione-GSH) were significantly lowered in all groups not receiving M. charantia. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were increased resulting in free radical formation via auto-oxidation. Renal parameters showed no albuminuria, normal blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr) and electrolytes in groups treated with M. charantia. HAART treated (Group B) showed severe albuminuria, a significantly (p < 0.05) raised BUN and SCr and gross electrolyte disturbances. Blood glucose levels were significantly raised in groups not receiving the adjuvant M. charantia (p < 0.05). Histopathology in HAART treated animals showed glomerular capillary abnormalities and cellular infiltrations while M. charantia treated animals showed an essentially normal glomerular appearance with capillary loops and normal cytoarchitecture. In conclusion M. charantia extract administration improved blood glucose levels, restored renal histology, reinstate renal function, reduce body weight loss and restores hyperglycemia.
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Key Words
- 6-HD, 6-hydroxydopamine
- AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome
- ALB, albumin
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- AREC, animal research ethics committee
- BGL, blood glucose levels
- BRU, Biomedical Resource Unit
- BUN, blood urea nitrogen
- BW, body weight
- CAT, catalase
- DETAPAC, diethylenetriamine – penta acetic acid
- DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid
- DTNB, 5, 5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- H and E, haematoxylin and eosin
- HAART
- HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- Histopathology
- KW, kidney weight
- KWBR, kidney weight body ratio
- Kidney
- LPO, lipid peroxidation
- M. charantia, Momordica charantia
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MT, Masson’s Trichome
- Momordica charantia
- NRTIs, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- Nephrotoxicity
- PAS, Periodic Acid Schiff
- PBS, phosphate buffer solution
- PLWHA, people living with HIV and AIDS
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SCr, serum creatinine
- SD, standard deviation
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- Sprague-Dawley rats
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
- TCA, trichloroacetic acid
- UKZN, University of KwaZulu Natal
- rpm, revolutions per minute
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugochukwu Offor
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Edwin Coleridge Naidu
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Oluwatosin Olalekan Ogedengbe
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Ayoola Isaac Jegede
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Aniekan Imo Peter
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo-Nigeria, Nigeria
| | - Onyemaechi Okpara Azu
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
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Fukunishi Y, Tabata Y. Osteogenic differentiation enhances the MC3T3-E1 secretion of glycosaminoglycans with an affinity for basic fibroblast growth factor and bone morphogenetic protein-2. Regen Ther 2018; 8:58-62. [PMID: 30271866 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction It is generally recognized that a wide variety of morphogens and growth factors bind to the glycosaminoglycans (GAG) of proteoglycans (PG) to affect their bioavailability to ligands. Many growth factors involving in osteogenic differentiation require the GAG side chains to facilitate their interaction to the cell surface receptors and the biosynthesis of osteogenic proteins. The objective of this study is to investigate the secretion of GAG from MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts of a murine bone calvaria during the osteogenic differentiation. Methods When MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in the differentiation medium (DM) containing bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, the alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium content and the amount of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)- or BMP-2-bound sulfated GAG were determined. Moreover, the disaccharide analysis of the GAG was performed. Results When MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in the differentiation medium (DM) containing bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, the alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium content were significantly enhanced compared with those of the BMP-2-free DM and normal medium with or without BMP-2. Significantly higher amount of GAG secreted was detected for cells cultured in the DM containing BMP-2, in contrast to other culture conditions. The GAG secreted had an affinity for BMP-2 and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The disaccharide analysis of GAG demonstrated that the percentage of ΔHexA α1,4GlcNSO3 and ΔHexA (2-OSO3) α1,4GlcNSO3 increased, but that of ΔHexA α1,4GlcNSO3(6-OSO3) decreased (ΔHexA: unsaturated uronic acid residue, GlcNSO3: N-sulfated glucosamine, ΔHexA (2-OSO3): unsaturated uronic acid 2-sulfate residue, GlcNSO3(6-OSO3): N-sulfated glucosamine 6-sulfated). Conclusion It was found that the osteogenic differentiation allowed cells to enhance the secretion of GAG with an affinity for BMP-2 and bFGF.
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Key Words
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- BMP, bone morphogenetic protein
- Basic fibroblast growth factor
- Bone morphogenetic protein-2
- DDW, double distilled water
- DM, differentiation medium
- DMMB, 1, 9-dimethylmethylene blue
- Disaccharide
- FCS, fetal calf serum
- GAG, glycosaminoglycans
- GlcNAc(6-OSO3), N-acetyl glucosamine 6-sulfated
- GlcNAc, N-acetyl glucosamine
- GlcNSO3(6-OSO3), N-sulfated glucosamine 6-sulfated
- GlcNSO3, N-sulfated glucosamine
- Glycosaminoglycans
- HSPG, heparin sulfate proteoglycans
- NM, normal medium
- Osteogenic differentiation
- PBS, phosphate buffer solution
- PG, proteoglycans
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- Secretion
- bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor
- ΔHexA (2-OSO3), unsaturated uronic acid 2-sulfate residue
- ΔHexA, unsaturated uronic acid residue
- αMEM, α-Minimum Essential Medium
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Yin J, Tse CM, Avula LR, Singh V, Foulke-Abel J, de Jonge HR, Donowitz M. Molecular Basis and Differentiation-Associated Alterations of Anion Secretion in Human Duodenal Enteroid Monolayers. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 5:591-609. [PMID: 29930980 PMCID: PMC6009799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Human enteroids present a novel tool to study human intestinal ion transport physiology and pathophysiology. The present study describes the contributions of Cl- and HCO3- secretion to total cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-stimulated electrogenic anion secretion in human duodenal enteroid monolayers and the relevant changes after differentiation. METHODS Human duodenal enteroids derived from 4 donors were grown as monolayers and differentiated by a protocol that includes the removal of Wnt3A, R-spondin1, and SB202190 for 5 days. The messenger RNA level and protein expression of selected ion transporters and carbonic anhydrase isoforms were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting, respectively. Undifferentiated and differentiated enteroid monolayers were mounted in the Ussing chamber/voltage-current clamp apparatus, using solutions that contained as well as lacked Cl- and HCO3-/CO2, to determine the magnitude of forskolin-induced short-circuit current change and its sensitivity to specific inhibitors that target selected ion transporters and carbonic anhydrase(s). RESULTS Differentiation resulted in a significant reduction in the messenger RNA level and protein expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, (CFTR) Na+/K+/2Cl- co-transporter 1 (NKCC1), and potassium channel, voltage gated, subfamily E, regulatory subunit 3 (KCNE3); and, conversely, increase of down-regulated-in-adenoma (DRA), electrogenic Na+/HCO3- co-transporter 1 (NBCe1), carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2), and carbonic anhydrase 4 (CA4). Both undifferentiated and differentiated enteroids showed active cAMP-stimulated anion secretion that included both Cl- and HCO3- secretion as the magnitude of total active anion secretion was reduced after the removal of extracellular Cl- or HCO3-/CO2. The magnitude of total anion secretion in differentiated enteroids was approximately 33% of that in undifferentiated enteroids, primarily owing to the reduction in Cl- secretion with no significant change in HCO3- secretion. Anion secretion was consistently lower but detectable in differentiated enteroids compared with undifferentiated enteroids in the absence of extracellular Cl- or HCO3-/CO2. Inhibiting CFTR, NKCC1, carbonic anhydrase(s), cAMP-activated K+ channel(s), and Na+/K+-adenosine triphosphatase reduced cAMP-stimulated anion secretion in both undifferentiated and differentiated enteroids. CONCLUSIONS Human enteroids recapitulate anion secretion physiology of small intestinal epithelium. Enteroid differentiation is associated with significant alterations in the expression of several ion transporters and carbonic anhydrase isoforms, leading to a reduced but preserved anion secretory phenotype owing to markedly reduced Cl- secretion but no significant change in HCO3- secretion.
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Key Words
- AE2, anion exchanger 2
- Bicarbonate Secretion
- CA, carbonic anhydrase
- CFTR, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
- Chloride Secretion
- DRA
- DRA, down-regulated-in-adenoma
- Ion Transport
- Isc, short-circuit current
- KRB, Krebs–Ringer bicarbonate
- NBC, Na+/HCO3- co-transporter
- NBCe1, electrogenic Na+/HCO3- co-transporter 1
- NHE, Na+/H+ exchanger
- NKCC1, Na+/K+/2Cl- co-transporter 1
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SITS, 4-Acetamido-4′-isothiocyanato-2,2′-stilbenedisulfonic acid disodium salt hydrate
- TER, transepithelial electrical resistance
- cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid
- qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction
- ΔIsc, change in short-circuit current
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyi Yin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chung-Ming Tse
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Leela Rani Avula
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Varsha Singh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jennifer Foulke-Abel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hugo R. de Jonge
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Donowitz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Mark Donowitz, MD, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, 925 Ross Research Building, Baltimore, Maryland 21205. fax: (410) 955-9677.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS During late embryonic development and through weaning, enterocytes of the ileum are highly endocytic. Defects in endocytosis and trafficking are implicated in neonatal disease, however, the mechanisms regulating trafficking during the developmental period are incompletely understood. The apical endosomal protein endotubin (EDTB) is highly expressed in the late embryonic and neonatal ileum. In epithelial cells in vitro, EDTB regulates both trafficking of tight junction proteins and proliferation through modulation of YAP activity. However, EDTB function during the endocytic stage of development of the intestine is unknown. METHODS By using Villin-CreERT2, we induced knockout of EDTB during late gestation and analyzed the impact on endocytic compartments and enterocyte structure in neonates using immunofluorescence, immunocytochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Deletion of the apical endosomal protein EDTB in the small intestine during development impairs enterocyte morphogenesis, including loss of the apical endocytic complex, defective formation of the lysosomal compartment, and some cells had large microvillus-rich inclusions similar to those observed in microvillus inclusion disease. There also was a decrease in apical endocytosis and mislocalization of proteins involved in apical trafficking. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that EDTB-mediated trafficking within the epithelial cells of the developing ileum is important for maintenance of endocytic compartments and enterocyte integrity during early stages of gut development.
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Key Words
- AEC, apical endocytic complex
- AP, alkaline phosphatase
- CRISPR/Cas9, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/cas9 endonuclease
- EDTB, endotubin
- EEA1, early endosomal antigen 1
- Endosomes
- Endotubin
- G, guide
- GFP, green fluorescent protein
- GTPase, guanosine triphosphatase
- KO, knockout
- LAMP1, lysosome-associated membrane protein 1
- MAMDC4, MAM domain containing 4
- MVID, microvillus inclusion disease
- P, postnatal day
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- Rab
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- TBST, tris-buffered saline with 0.1% tween-20
- TEM, transmission electron microscopic
- TJ, tight junction
- Tight Junction
- Trafficking
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Cox
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ruifeng Lu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona,Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Kaan Salcin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona,McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jean M. Wilson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Jean M. Wilson, PhD, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Arizona, PO Box 245044, Tucson, Arizona 85724. fax: (520) 626-2097.
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25
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Ikemoto MJ, Murasawa Y, Wang PC. Pentylenetetrazol modulates redox system by inducing addicsin translocation from endoplasmic reticulum to plasma membrane in NG108-15 cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 11:72-78. [PMID: 28955770 PMCID: PMC5614697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Addicsin (Arl6ip5) is a multifunctional physiological and pathophysiological regulator that exerts its effects by readily forming homo- and hetero-complexes with various functional factors. In particular, addicsin acts as a negative modulator of neural glutamate transporter excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1) and participates in the regulation of intracellular glutathione (GSH) content by negatively modulating EAAC1-mediated cysteine and glutamate uptake. Addicsin is considered to play a crucial role in the onset of neurodegenerative diseases including epilepsy. However, the molecular dynamics of addicsin remains largely unknown. Here, we report the dynamics of addicsin in NG108-15 cells upon exposure to pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), a representative epileptogenic agent acting on the gamma-Aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor. Fluorescent immunostaining analysis demonstrated that addicsin drastically changed its localization from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the plasma membrane within 1 h of PTZ exposure in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, addicsin was co-localized with the plasma membrane markers EAAC1 and Na+/K+ ATPase alpha-3 upon PTZ stimulation. This translocation was significantly inhibited by a non-competitive GABAA receptor antagonist, picrotoxin, but not by a competitive GABAA receptor antagonist, bicuculline. Furthermore, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging assay showed that PTZ-induced addicsin translocation was accompanied by a decrease of radical-scavenging activity and an increase of cytotoxicity in a PTZ dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that PTZ induces the translocation of addicsin from the ER to the plasma membrane and modulates the redox system by regulating EAAC1-mediated GSH synthesis, which leads to the activation of cell death signaling.
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Key Words
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- Addicsin (Arl6ip5/GTRAP3-18/JWA/PRAF3)
- Arl6ip1/ARMER, ADP-ribosylation-like factor 6- interacting protein 1
- Cytotoxicity
- DMEM, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium
- DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
- EEAC1, excitatory amino acid carrier 1
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- GABA, gamma-Aminobutyric acid
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GSH, glutathione
- IC, immunocytochemistry
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PTZ, pentylenetetrazol
- PVDF, polyvinylidene fluoride
- Pentylenetetrazol
- Plasma membrane
- RT, room temperature
- Radical-scavenging activity
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- TMEFF1, tomoregulin-1
- Translocation
- WB, western blotting
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsushi J Ikemoto
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Murasawa
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-851, Japan
| | - Pi-Chao Wang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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Nie X, Li C, Hu S, Xue F, Kang YJ, Zhang W. An appropriate loading control for western blot analysis in animal models of myocardial ischemic infarction. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 12:108-113. [PMID: 28955798 PMCID: PMC5613232 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An appropriate loading control is critical for Western blot analysis. Housekeeping proteins (HKPs), such as β-actin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and β-tubulin, are commonly used to normalize protein expression. But HKP expression can be impacted by certain experimental conditions, such as ischemic myocardial infarction. This study was undertaken to look for an appropriate loading control for western blot analysis of ischemic myocardium. Myocardial ischemic infarction was induced by left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation in Rhesus monkeys and C57BL/6 mice. The heart tissue samples from different areas and time points after surgery were subjected to western blot or gel staining. The level of β-actin, GAPDH, β-tubulin, and total protein were tested. The total protein level was consistent in all groups, whereas the protein level of β-tubulin and β-actin were different in all groups. However, the protein level of GAPDH was stable in the Rhesus monkey model. We concluded that total protein was the most appropriate internal control in different stages of myocardial ischemic disease of various animal models. GAPDH is a reliable internal control only for ischemic myocardium of Rhesus monkey. Loading control for WB has been studied in animal models of myocardial ischimia. GAPDH is a reliable loading control in Rhesus monkeys model of myocardial ischemia. Total protein level is the best loading control for western blot in animal models.
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Key Words
- CBB, Coomassie brilliant blue
- EDTA, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- HKP, housekeeping protein
- Housekeeping proteins
- LAD, left anterior descending coronary artery
- Loading control
- Myocardial ischemia
- PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- PVDF, polyvinylidene fluoride
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- TBS, Tris-buffered saline
- TBST, TBS with Tween
- Total protein
- Western blot
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Nie
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Chen Li
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Fulai Xue
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Y James Kang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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27
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Smith SA, Samokhin AO, Alfadi M, Murphy EC, Rhodes D, Holcombe WML, Kiss-Toth E, Storey RF, Yee SP, Francis SE, Qwarnstrom EE. The IL-1RI Co-Receptor TILRR ( FREM1 Isoform 2) Controls Aberrant Inflammatory Responses and Development of Vascular Disease. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2017; 2:398-414. [PMID: 28920098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The IL-1RI co-receptor, TILRR, is a potent amplifier of IL-1–induced responses. Blocking TILRR inhibits IL-1 receptor function and activation of inflammatory genes. TILRR expression is high in atherosclerotic lesions but low in healthy tissue, allowing distinct inhibition at sites of inflammation. Genetic deletion of TILRR and antibody blocking of TILRR function reduce plaque development and progression of atherosclerosis. Lesions exhibit low levels of macrophages and increased levels of smooth muscle cells and collagen, characteristics of stable plaques.
Expression of the interleukin-1 receptor type I (IL-1RI) co-receptor Toll-like and interleukin-1 receptor regulator (TILRR) is significantly increased in blood monocytes following myocardial infarction and in the atherosclerotic plaque, whereas levels in healthy tissue are low. TILRR association with IL-1RI at these sites causes aberrant activation of inflammatory genes, which underlie progression of cardiovascular disease. The authors show that genetic deletion of TILRR or antibody blocking of TILRR function reduces development of atherosclerotic plaques. Lesions exhibit decreased levels of monocytes, with increases in collagen and smooth muscle cells, characteristic features of stable plaques. The results suggest that TILRR may constitute a rational target for site- and signal-specific inhibition of vascular disease.
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Key Words
- ApoE, apolipoprotein E
- DK, double knockout
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- IL, interleukin
- IL-1RI
- IL-1RI, interleukin-1 receptor type I
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- IκBα, inhibitor kappa B alpha
- KO, knockout
- LDLR–/–, low-density lipoprotein receptor–/–
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- NF-κB
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B
- NSTEMI, non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
- TILRR
- TILRR, toll-like and interleukin-1 receptor regulator
- heparan sulfate proteoglycan
- iBALT, inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue
- interleukin-1 receptor
- qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction
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28
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Kerasioti E, Terzopoulou Z, Komini O, Kafantaris I, Makri S, Stagos D, Gerasopoulos K, Anisimov NY, Tsatsakis AM, Kouretas D. Tissue specific effects of feeds supplemented with grape pomace or olive oil mill wastewater on detoxification enzymes in sheep. Toxicol Rep 2017; 4:364-372. [PMID: 28959661 PMCID: PMC5615154 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of livestock feed supplemented with grape pomace (GP) or olive oil mill wastewater (OMW) byproducts on the enzymatic activity and protein expression of antioxidants enzymes, in liver and spleen tissue of sheep. Thus, 36 male sheep of Chios breed were divided into 3 homogeneous groups, control group (n = 12), GP group (n = 12) and OMW group (n = 12), receiving standard or experimental feed. Liver and spleen tissues were collected at 42 and 70 days post-birth. The enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and also the protein expression of γ-synthase glutamyl custeine (γ-GCS) were determined in these tissues. The results showed GP group exhibited increased enzymatic activity of GST and protein expression of γ-GCS in liver compared to control group. In GP group's spleen, GST activity was increased compared to control but γ-GCS expression was not affected. In OMW group's liver, GST activity was increased and γ-GCS expression was reduced compared to control. In OMW group's spleen, GST activity was increased but GCS expression was not affected. SOD activity was not affected in both tissues either in GP or OMW group.
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Key Words
- AREs, antioxidant response elements
- CDNB, 1 chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
- DETAPAC, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid
- DTT, dithiothreitol
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphatedehydrogenase
- GP, grape pomace
- GS, glutathione synthase
- GSH, glutathione
- GST, glutathione-s-transferase
- Glutathione-s-transferase (GST)
- Grape pomace (GP)
- HEPES, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid
- KCl, potassium chloride
- KOH, potassium hydroxide
- Keap1, kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
- MgCl2, magnesium chloride
- NBT, nitroblue tetrazolium
- NaCl, sodium chloride
- Nrf2, nuclear factor-like 2
- OMW, olive oil mill wastewater
- Olive oil mill wastewater (OMW)
- PVDF, polyvinylidene difluoride membranes
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- Superoxide dismutase (SOD)
- XO, xanthine oxidase
- γ-GCS, γ-synthase glutamyl cysteine
- γ-synthase glutamyl custeine (γ-GCS)
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthalia Kerasioti
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41500, Greece
| | - Zoi Terzopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41500, Greece
| | - Ourania Komini
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41500, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kafantaris
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41500, Greece
| | - Sotiria Makri
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41500, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Stagos
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41500, Greece
| | | | | | - Aristides M Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41500, Greece
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29
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Frazer DM, Wilkins SJ, Darshan D, Mirciov CSG, Dunn LA, Anderson GJ. Ferroportin Is Essential for Iron Absorption During Suckling, But Is Hyporesponsive to the Regulatory Hormone Hepcidin. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 3:410-21. [PMID: 28462381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Previous studies have suggested that iron absorption in suckling mammals is refractory to stimuli that normally would decrease absorption in adults. To better understand the regulation of iron absorption during suckling, we have characterized the relationship between hepcidin, ferroportin, and iron absorption at this crucial stage of life. METHODS To determine whether ferroportin is involved in iron absorption during suckling, absorption was measured in intestine-specific ferroportin knockout mice. The effect of constitutive hepcidin overexpression on intestinal iron absorption also was investigated in suckling transmembrane serine protease 6 knockout mice. Finally, suckling mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide to induce hepcidin expression. Blood was collected for serum iron analysis, and liver tissue and duodenal enterocytes were collected for gene and protein expression profiles. RESULTS Iron absorption was very low in suckling ferroportin knockout mice, indicating that ferroportin is responsible for the majority of the iron absorbed at this time. However, increases in hepcidin during suckling, as seen in transmembrane serine protease 6 knockout mice and in mice injected with lipopolysaccharide, did not affect enterocyte ferroportin levels. Immunofluorescent localization of ferroportin showed that the protein localized to the basolateral membrane of duodenal enterocytes in both suckling and weaned mice. CONCLUSIONS These data show that the high iron absorption occurring during suckling is mediated by ferroportin. However, enterocyte ferroportin is hyporesponsive to hepcidin at this time, despite being expressed on the basolateral membrane. Alterations to ferroportin that prevent hepcidin binding during suckling may allow iron absorption to remain high regardless of hepcidin expression levels, reducing the likelihood of iron deficiency during development.
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Key Words
- FDB, fluorescence dilution buffer
- Hamp1, hepcidin antimicrobial peptide 1
- Hprt, hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase
- Inflammation
- Iron Deficiency
- Iron Homeostasis
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- Saa1, serum amyloid A1
- Tmprss6, transmembrane serine protease 6
- cDNA, complementary DNA
- mRNA, messenger RNA
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Morita M, Sugihara H, Tokunaka K, Tomura A, Saiga K, Sato T, Imamura Y, Hayashi T. Preparation and partial characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific for the nascent non-triple helical form of the type IV collagen alpha 1 chain. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 9:128-32. [PMID: 28955997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This report describes the preparation and partial characterization of monoclonal antibodies that are reactive specifically with the nascently produced non-triple helical form of the type IV collagen α1 chain, designated as NTH α1(IV). These antibodies were nonreactive with the α1 chain of the type IV collagen in the triple-helical conformation. Three antibodies, #141, #179 and #370, with different epitopes in NTH α1(IV) were found to be reactive with the nascent polypeptide secreted from human normal cells and a human carcinoma cell line. The antibodies with different epitopes may provide a key method for elucidating the physiological function and tissue distribution of NTH α1(IV), which is distinct from the chain derived from triple-helical type IV collagen. New antibodies recognize non-triple helical form of the type IV collagen α1 chain. The antibodies react with the nascent polypeptide secreted from human cells. The antibodies recognize different epitopes on the non-triple helical polypeptide.
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Ben Bacha A, Al-Assaf A, Moubayed NMS, Abid I. Evaluation of a novel thermo-alkaline Staphylococcus aureus lipase for application in detergent formulations. Saudi J Biol Sci 2016; 25:409-417. [PMID: 29686504 PMCID: PMC5910647 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An extracellular lipase of a newly isolated S. aureus strain ALA1 (SAL4) was purified from the optimized culture medium. The SAL4 specific activity determined at 60 °C and pH 12 by using olive oil emulsion or TC4, reached 7215 U/mg and 2484 U/mg, respectively. The 38 NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified enzyme starting with two extra amino acid residues (LK) was similar to known staphylococcal lipase sequences. This novel lipase maintained almost 100% and 75% of its full activity in a pH range of 4.0-12 after a 24 h incubation or after 0.5 h treatment at 70 °C, respectively. Interestingly, SAL4 displayed appreciable stability toward oxidizing agents, anionic and non-ionic surfactants in addition to its compatibility with several commercial detergents. Overall, these interesting characteristics make this new lipase promising for its application in detergent industry.
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Key Words
- Characterization
- Detergent-stable
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- NaDC, sodium deoxycholic acid
- NaTDC, sodium taurodeoxy cholic acid
- OD, optical density
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- Purification
- S. aureus, Staphylococcus aureus
- SAL, Staphylococcus aureus lipase
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SEL, Staphylococcus epidermidis lipase
- SHyL, Staphylococcus hyicus lipase
- SL1, Staphylococcus sp. lipase
- SSL, Staphylococcus simulans lipase
- SXL, Staphylococcus xylosus lipase
- Staphylococcus aureus lipase
- TC18, triolein
- TC3, tripropionin
- TC4, tributryin
- TC8, trioctanoin
- TFA, tri fluoroacetic acid
- Thermo-alkaline
- rDNA, ribosomal deoxy ribo nucleic acid
- rpm, revolutions per minute
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Ben Bacha
- Biochemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University, P.O Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia.,Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology Applied to Crop Improvement, Faculty of Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
| | - Alaa Al-Assaf
- Biochemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University, P.O Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadine M S Moubayed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Science College, King Saud University, P.O Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Islem Abid
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Science College, King Saud University, P.O Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
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Hu B, Zhang Y, Jia L, Wu H, Fan C, Sun Y, Ye C, Liao M, Zhou J. Binding of the pathogen receptor HSP90AA1 to avibirnavirus VP2 induces autophagy by inactivating the AKT-MTOR pathway. Autophagy 2016; 11:503-15. [PMID: 25714412 PMCID: PMC4502722 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1017184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential component of host innate and adaptive immunity. Viruses have developed diverse strategies for evading or utilizing autophagy for survival. The response of the autophagy pathways to virus invasion is poorly documented. Here, we report on the induction of autophagy initiated by the pathogen receptor HSP90AA1 (heat shock protein 90 kDa α [cytosolic], class A member 1) via the AKT-MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin)-dependent pathway. Transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy revealed that intracellular autolysosomes packaged avibirnavirus particles. Autophagy detection showed that early avibirnavirus infection not only increased the amount of light chain 3 (LC3)-II, but also upregulated AKT-MTOR dephosphorylation. HSP90AA1-AKT-MTOR knockdown by RNA interference resulted in inhibition of autophagy during avibirnavirus infection. Virus titer assays further verified that autophagy inhibition, but not induction, enhanced avibirnavirus replication. Subsequently, we found that HSP90AA1 binding to the viral protein VP2 resulted in induction of autophagy and AKT-MTOR pathway inactivation. Collectively, our findings suggest that the cell surface protein HSP90AA1, an avibirnavirus-binding receptor, induces autophagy through the HSP90AA1-AKT-MTOR pathway in early infection. We reveal that upon viral recognition, a direct connection between HSP90AA1 and the AKT-MTOR pathway trigger autophagy, a critical step for controlling infection.
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Key Words
- AKT-MTOR pathway
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- ATG5, autophagy-related 5
- BCA, bicinchoninic acid
- BECN1, Beclin 1, autophagy-related
- CoIP, coimmunoprecipitation
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- EBSS, Earle's balanced salt solution
- EIF2AK2, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 2
- EIF2S1, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2, subunit 1 alpha
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GOPC, golgi-associated PDZ and coiled-coil motif containing
- GST, glutathione S-transferase
- Gg, Gallus gallus (chicken)
- HE-IBDV, heat-inactivated IBDV
- HSP90AA1
- HSP90AA1, heat shock protein 90 kDa alpha (cytosolic), class A member 1
- HSV-1, herpes simplex virus 1
- Hs, Homo sapiens (human)
- IBDV, infectious bursal disease virus
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MAP1LC3/LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3
- MOI, multiplicity of infection
- MTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin (serine/threonine kinase)
- Ni-NTA, nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid
- PAMP, pathogen-associated molecular patterns
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- PRR, pattern recognition receptors
- RNAi, RNA interference
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SQSTM1, sequestosome 1
- SVP, subviral particle
- TCID50, 50% tissue culture infectious doses
- TLR, toll-like receptors
- TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex
- VP, viral protein
- autophagy
- avibirnavirus
- cDNA, complementary DNA
- dsRNA, double-stranded RNA
- eGFP, enhanced green fluorescent protein
- hpi, hours post-infection
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
- shRNA, short hairpin RNA
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
- viral protein VP2
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Affiliation(s)
- Boli Hu
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture ; Zhejiang University ; Hangzhou , China
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Bennike TB, Kastaniegaard K, Padurariu S, Gaihede M, Birkelund S, Andersen V, Stensballe A. Comparing the proteome of snap frozen, RNAlater preserved, and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human tissue samples. EuPA Open Proteom 2016; 10:9-18. [PMID: 29900094 PMCID: PMC5988570 DOI: 10.1016/j.euprot.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Large biobanks exist worldwide containing formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples and samples stored in RNAlater. However, the impact of tissue preservation on the result of a quantative proteome analysis remains poorly described. Human colon mucosal biopsies were extracted from the sigmoideum and either immediately frozen, stabilized in RNAlater, or stabilized by formalin-fixation. In one set of biopsies, formalin stabilization was delayed for 30 min. The protein content of the samples was characterized by high throughput quantitative proteomics. We were able to identify a similar high number of proteins in the samples regardless of preservation method, with only minor differences in protein quantitation.
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Key Words
- CAN, acetonitrile
- DF, directly-frozen
- FA, formic acid
- FASP, filter-aided sample preparation
- FDR, false discovery rate
- FFPE, formalin-fixed
- Formalin-fixed
- HLA-A class I, histocompatibility antigen A-23 alpha chain
- HLA-DRB1 class II, histocompatibility antigen DRB1-4 beta chain
- Human colon mucosa
- LFQ, label-free quantification
- Mass spectrometry
- PCA, principle component analysis
- PSM, peptide spectral match
- PTM, post-translational modification
- Paraffin-embedded
- Preservation
- Proteomics
- RNAlater
- SDC, sodium deoxycholate
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- TEAB, triethylammonium bicarbonate
- iFFPE, immediately formalin-fixed
- s, standard deviation
- sFFPE, stored for 30 min prior to formalin-fixed
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Affiliation(s)
- Tue Bjerg Bennike
- Research Unit for Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, Denmark
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Simona Padurariu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Michael Gaihede
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Svend Birkelund
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Andersen
- Research Unit for Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, Denmark
- Institute of Regional Health Research-Center Soenderjylland, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Allan Stensballe
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Ni Z, Gong Y, Dai X, Ding W, Wang B, Gong H, Qin L, Cheng P, Li S, Lian J, He F. AU4S: a novel synthetic peptide to measure the activity of ATG4 in living cells. Autophagy 2016; 11:403-15. [PMID: 25831015 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1009773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ATG4 plays a key role in autophagy induction, but the methods for monitoring ATG4 activity in living cells are limited. Here we designed a novel fluorescent peptide named AU4S for noninvasive detection of ATG4 activity in living cells, which consists of the cell-penetrating peptide (CPP), ATG4-recognized sequence "GTFG," and the fluorophore FITC. Additionally, an ATG4-resistant peptide AG4R was used as a control. CPP can help AU4S or AG4R to penetrate cell membrane efficiently. AU4S but not AG4R can be recognized and cleaved by ATG4, leading to the change of fluorescence intensity. Therefore, the difference between AU4S- and AG4R-measured fluorescence values in the same sample, defined as "F-D value," can reflect ATG4 activity. By detecting the F-D values, we found that ATG4 activity paralleled LC3B-II levels in rapamycin-treated cells, but neither paralleled LC3B-II levels in starved cells nor presented a correlation with LC3B-II accumulation in WBCs from healthy donors or leukemia patients. However, when DTT was added to the system, ATG4 activity not only paralleled LC3B-II levels in starved cells in the presence or absence of autophagy inhibitors, but also presented a positive correlation with LC3B-II accumulation in WBCs from leukemia patients (R(2) = 0.5288). In conclusion, this study provides a convenient, rapid, and quantitative method to monitor ATG4 activity in living cells, which may be beneficial to basic and clinical research on autophagy.
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Key Words
- 3-MA, 3-methyladenine
- AG4R, ATG4-resistant peptide
- ATG4
- ATG4, autophagy-related 4, cysteine peptidase
- AU4S
- AU4S, autophagy-related 4 substrate
- Ac, acetyl
- CFP, cyan fluorescent protein
- CPP, cell-penetrating peptide
- CQ, chloroquine
- DTT, dithiothreitol
- EBSS, Earle's balanced salt solution
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- LC3
- MAP1LC3/LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3
- NAC, N-acetyl-L-cysteine
- NRK, normal rat kidney cell line
- PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PE, phosphatidylethanolamine
- PLA2, phospholipase A2
- PMSF, phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride
- PtdIns3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- ROS
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- WBCs, white blood cells
- YFP, yellow fluorescent protein
- autophagy
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhong Ni
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; College of Basic Medical Sciences ; Third Military Medical University ; Chongqing , China
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Chen JH, Zhang P, Chen WD, Li DD, Wu XQ, Deng R, Jiao L, Li X, Ji J, Feng GK, Zeng YX, Jiang JW, Zhu XF. ATM-mediated PTEN phosphorylation promotes PTEN nuclear translocation and autophagy in response to DNA-damaging agents in cancer cells. Autophagy 2016; 11:239-52. [PMID: 25701194 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1009767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog), a tumor suppressor frequently mutated in human cancer, has various cytoplasmic and nuclear functions. PTEN translocates to the nucleus from the cytoplasm in response to oxidative stress. However, the mechanism and function of the translocation are not completely understood. In this study, topotecan (TPT), a topoisomerase I inhibitor, and cisplatin (CDDP) were employed to induce DNA damage. The results indicate that TPT or CDDP activates ATM (ATM serine/threonine kinase), which phosphorylates PTEN at serine 113 and further regulates PTEN nuclear translocation in A549 and HeLa cells. After nuclear translocation, PTEN induces autophagy, in association with the activation of the p-JUN-SESN2/AMPK pathway, in response to TPT. These results identify PTEN phosphorylation by ATM as essential for PTEN nuclear translocation and the subsequent induction of autophagy in response to DNA damage.
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Key Words
- AKT/PKB, v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog
- AMPK, protein kinase, AMP-activated
- ATG, autophagy-related
- ATM
- ATM, ATM serine/threonine kinase
- Baf.A1, bafilomycin A1
- CASP3, caspase 3, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase
- CCND1, cyclin D1
- CDDP, cisplatin
- CENPC/CENP-C, centromere protein C
- CITED1/p300/CBP, Cbp/p300-interacting transactivator, with Glu/Asp-rich C-terminal domain, 1
- CSNK2/CK2, casein kinase 2
- DNA damage
- DSBs, DNA double-strand breaks
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GFP, green fluorescent protein
- GLTSCR2/PICT-1, glioma tumor suppressor candidate region gene 2
- GSK3B, glycogen synthase kinase 3 β
- GST, glutathione S-transferase
- H2A histone family
- H2AFX
- JUN
- MAP1LC3/LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3
- MTORC1, mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1
- MVP, major vault protein
- NC, normal control
- NEDD4, neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 4, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase
- PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- PARP, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- PMSF, phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride
- PPase, protein phosphatase
- PTEN
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog
- PtdIns(3, 4, 5)P3, phosphatidylinositol (3, 4, 5)-trisphosphate
- RAD51, RAD51 recombinase
- RPS6KB/p70S6K
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SESN2, sestrin 2
- SQSTM1/p62, sequestosome 1
- TP53, tumor protein p53
- TPT, topotecan
- TUBA4A, tubulin, α, 4a
- WT, wild type
- YFP, yellow fluorescent protein
- autophagy
- jun proto-oncogene
- member X
- ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 70kDa
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
- topotecan
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hong Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Cancer Center; Sun Yat-sen University ; Guangzhou , China
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Soroosh A, Albeiroti S, West GA, Willard B, Fiocchi C, de la Motte CA. Crohn's Disease Fibroblasts Overproduce the Novel Protein KIAA1199 to Create Proinflammatory Hyaluronan Fragments. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 2:358-368.e4. [PMID: 27981209 PMCID: PMC5042354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Crohn's Disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Fibrosis, a serious complication of CD, occurs when activated intestinal fibroblasts deposit excessive amounts of extracellular matrix (ECM) in affected areas. A major component of the ECM is high-molecular-weight hyaluronan (HA) that, when depolymerized to low-molecular-weight fragments, becomes proinflammatory and profibrotic. Mechanisms for HA degradation are incompletely understood, but the novel protein KIAA1199 recently was discovered to degrade HA. We hypothesized that KIAA1199 protein is increased in CD colon fibroblasts and generates HA fragments that foster inflammation and fibrosis. METHODS Fibroblasts were isolated from explants of surgically resected colon tissue from CD and non-inflammatory bowel disease control (ND) patients. Protein levels and tissue distribution of KIAA1199 were assessed by immunoblot and immunostaining, and functional HA degradation was measured biochemically. RESULTS Increased levels of KIAA1199 protein were produced and deposited in the ECM by cultured CD fibroblasts compared with controls. Treatment of fibroblasts with the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL) 6 increased deposition of KIAA1199 in the ECM. CD fibroblasts also produce significantly higher levels of IL6 compared with controls, and antibody blockade of IL6 receptors in CD colon fibroblasts decreased the level of KIAA1199 protein in the ECM. Colon fibroblasts degrade HA, however, small interfering RNA silencing of KIAA1199 abrogated that ability. CONCLUSIONS CD fibroblasts produce increased levels of KIAA1199 primarily through an IL6-driven autocrine mechanism. This leads to excessive degradation of HA and the generation of proinflammatory HA fragments, which contributes to maintenance of gut inflammation and fibrosis.
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Key Words
- CD, Crohn’s disease
- Crohn’s Disease
- DAMP, damage-associated molecular pattern
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- Fibrosis
- HA, hyaluronan
- HBSS, Hank's balanced salt solution
- HIF, human intestinal fibroblasts
- HYAL, hyaluronidase
- Hyaluronan
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IL, interleukin
- IL6R, interleukin 6 receptor
- KIAA1199
- LC-MS, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
- ND, non–inflammatory bowel disease control
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- PBST, phosphate-buffered saline with 0.1% Tween-20
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- TGF, transforming growth factor
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Artin Soroosh
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sami Albeiroti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gail A. West
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Belinda Willard
- Research Core Services, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Claudio Fiocchi
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Carol A. de la Motte
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Carol A. de la Motte, PhD, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, NC22, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195. fax: (216) 636-0104.Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland ClinicNC22, 9500 Euclid AvenueClevelandOhio 44195
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Bowman TA, O'Keeffe KR, D'Aquila T, Yan QW, Griffin JD, Killion EA, Salter DM, Mashek DG, Buhman KK, Greenberg AS. Acyl CoA synthetase 5 (ACSL5) ablation in mice increases energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity and delays fat absorption. Mol Metab 2016; 5:210-220. [PMID: 26977393 PMCID: PMC4770262 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The family of acyl-CoA synthetase enzymes (ACSL) activates fatty acids within cells to generate long chain fatty acyl CoA (FACoA). The differing metabolic fates of FACoAs such as incorporation into neutral lipids, phospholipids, and oxidation pathways are differentially regulated by the ACSL isoforms. In vitro studies have suggested a role for ACSL5 in triglyceride synthesis; however, we have limited understanding of the in vivo actions of this ACSL isoform. Methods To elucidate the in vivo actions of ACSL5 we generated a line of mice in which ACSL5 expression was ablated in all tissues (ACSL5−/−). Results Ablation of ACSL5 reduced ACSL activity by ∼80% in jejunal mucosa, ∼50% in liver, and ∼37% in brown adipose tissue lysates. Body composition studies revealed that ACSL5−/−, as compared to control ACSL5loxP/loxP, mice had significantly reduced fat mass and adipose fat pad weights. Indirect calorimetry studies demonstrated that ACSL5−/− had increased metabolic rates, and in the dark phase, increased respiratory quotient. In ACSL5−/− mice, fasting glucose and serum triglyceride were reduced; and insulin sensitivity was improved during an insulin tolerance test. Both hepatic mRNA (∼16-fold) and serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) (∼13-fold) were increased in ACSL5−/− as compared to ACSL5loxP/loxP. Consistent with increased FGF21 serum levels, uncoupling protein-1 gene (Ucp1) and PPAR-gamma coactivator 1-alpha gene (Pgc1α) transcript levels were increased in gonadal adipose tissue. To further evaluate ACSL5 function in intestine, mice were gavaged with an olive oil bolus; and the rate of triglyceride appearance in serum was found to be delayed in ACSL5−/− mice as compared to control mice. Conclusions In summary, ACSL5−/− mice have increased hepatic and serum FGF21 levels, reduced adiposity, improved insulin sensitivity, increased energy expenditure and delayed triglyceride absorption. These studies suggest that ACSL5 is an important regulator of whole-body energy metabolism and ablation of ACSL5 may antagonize the development of obesity and insulin resistance. Role of acyl CoA synthetase 5 (ACSL5) in systemic metabolism was studied in an ACSL5 deficient mouse. ACSL5 deficiency reduced total ACSL activity in liver, intestine, and brown adipose tissue. ACSL5 deficient mice had increased hepatic and circulating FGF21 expression and energy expenditure. ACSL5 deficient mice demonstrated delayed triglyceride absorption.
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Key Words
- ACSL
- ACSL, long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase
- ACSL5−/−, mice with global ablation of ACSL5
- AUC, area under the curve
- Acyl-CoA
- Dietary fat absorption
- ES, embryonic stem
- FGF21
- FGF21, fibroblast growth factor 21
- ITT, insulin tolerance test
- Intestine
- Liver
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- PGC1α, PPAR-gamma coactivator 1α
- PPAR, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor
- RER, respiratory exchange ratio
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SREBP1c, steroid response element binding protein-1c
- T2DM, type2 diabetes
- UCP1, uncoupling protein-1
- VLDL, very low density lipoprotein
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Bowman
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Kayleigh R O'Keeffe
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Theresa D'Aquila
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Qing Wu Yan
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - John D Griffin
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Killion
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Deanna M Salter
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Douglas G Mashek
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
| | - Kimberly K Buhman
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Andrew S Greenberg
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Kim JJ, Yu J, Bag J, Bakovic M, Cant JP. Translation attenuation via 3' terminal codon usage in bovine csn1s2 is responsible for the difference in αs2- and β-casein profile in milk. RNA Biol 2015; 12:354-67. [PMID: 25826667 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2015.1017231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The rate of secretion of αs2-casein into bovine milk is approximately 25% of that of β-casein, yet mammary expression of their respective mRNA transcripts (csn1s2 and csn2) is not different. Our objective was to identify molecular mechanisms that explain the difference in translation efficiency between csn1s2 and csn2. Cell-free translational efficiency of csn2 was 5 times that of csn1s2. Transcripts of csn1s2 distributed into heavier polysomes than csn2 transcripts, indicating an attenuation of elongation and/or termination. Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of the 5' and 3' UTRs on translational efficiency were different with luciferase and casein sequences in the coding regions. Substituting the 5' and 3' UTRs from csn2 into csn1s2 did not improve csn1s2 translation, implicating the coding region itself in the translation difference. Deletion of a 28-codon fragment from the 3' terminus of the csn1s2 coding region, which displays codons with low correlations to cell fitness, increased translation to a par with csn2. We conclude that the usage of the last 28 codons of csn1s2 is the main regulatory element that attenuates its expression and is responsible for the differential translational expression of csn1s2 and csn2.
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Key Words
- 40S, small ribosomal subunit
- 60S, large ribosomal subunit
- AA, amino acid
- ARE, AU-rich element
- Apaf-1, apoptosis protease activating factor 1
- DLG1, disc large 1 ncosuppressor
- FMR1, fragile X mental retardation 1
- HRP, horseradish eroxidase
- IE, inhibitory element
- IRE, iron-responsive element
- IRES, nternal ribosome entry site
- IRP, iron-regulatory protein
- MACT, bovine mammary epithelial cell
- PABP, poly(A) binding protein
- PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PVDF, polyvinylidene fluoride
- RACE, rapid amplification of cDNA ends
- RBP, RNA-binding protein
- RRL, rabbit reticulocyte lysate
- RT, reverse transcription
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SE, standard error
- STR, single-stranded nucleic acid binding protein
- TBS-T, Tris-buffered saline containing 0.5%
- TfR, transferrin receptor
- Tween 20
- UTR, untranslated region
- aa-tRNA, aminoacyl-tRNA
- aaRS, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
- bovine casein
- cDNA, complementary DNA
- cell-free translation
- coding region
- codon usage
- eEF, eukaryotic elongation factor
- eIF, eukaryotic initiation factor
- eRF, eukaryotic termination factor
- m7G, 7-methylated uanidine
- mRNA, messenger RNA
- qPCR, real-time polymerase chain reaction
- sAUG, start codon
- tRNA, transfer RNA
- translational efficiency
- uAUG, upstream start codon
- uORF, open reading frame
- untranslated region
- ΔG, free energy
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie J Kim
- a Animal and Poultry Science; University of Guelph ; Guelph , Ontario , Canada
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Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common head and neck malignancies and exhibits regional differences in incidence. Because many fusion genes have been discovered in different types of tumors over the past few years, we aimed to investigate the existence of a fusion gene in primary NPC patients using RNA-seq. In this study, for the first time, we found that fibroblast growth factor receptor 3-transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 3 (FGFR3-TACC3) fusion transcripts are recurrently detected in NPC. The presence of this fusion gene was also detected in head and neck cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and lung cancer. Furthermore, we found certain new isoforms of the FGFR3-TACC3 fusion transcripts, such as a gene fusion between exon 18 of FGFR3 and exon 6 or exon 14 of TACC3 and agene fusion between exon 19 of FGFR3 and exon 11 of TACC3. In addition, we showed that the FGFR3-TACC3 fusion gene promotes cell proliferation, colony formation, and transforming ability in vitro, whereas the FGFR3-TACC3 K508M mutant or treatment with the FGFR inhibitor PD173074 abrogates these effects, suggesting that FGFR3-TACC3 most likely exerts its effects through activation of FGFR kinase activity. This activation likely leads to the development of NPC. Additionally, FGFR3-TACC3 could trigger activation of the ERK and Akt signaling pathways, whereas FGFR3-TACC3 K508M mutant could not, suggesting that these 2 signaling pathways might be involved in the function of FGFR3-TACC3. Taken together, our data demonstrated the oncogenic role of FGFR3-TACC3 in vitro, indicating that FGFR3-TACC3 may be useful as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in cancers.
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Key Words
- CCND1, cyclin D1
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- DTT, DL-dithiothreitol
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FGFR3, fibroblast growth factor receptor 3
- FGFR3-TACC3
- LTBR, lymphotoxin β receptor
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide
- NPC
- NPC, nasopharyngeal carcinoma
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PI, propidium iodide
- RT-PCR, reverse transcription-PCR
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- TACC3, transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 3
- fusion gene
- proliferation
- tumorigenesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuan
- a State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine ; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center ; Guangzhou , China
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Thueng-in K, Thanongsaksrikul J, Jittavisutthikul S, Seesuay W, Chulanetra M, Sakolvaree Y, Srimanote P, Chaicumpa W. Interference of HCV replication by cell penetrable human monoclonal scFv specific to NS5B polymerase. MAbs 2015; 6:1327-39. [PMID: 25517317 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.29978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A new class of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-targeted therapeutics that is safe, broadly effective and can cope with virus mutations is needed. The HCV's NS5B is highly conserved and different from human protein, and thus it is an attractive target for anti-HCV therapeutics development. In this study, NS5B bound-phage clones selected from a human single chain variable antibody fragment (scFv) phage display library were used to transform appropriate E. coli bacteria. Two scFv inhibiting HCV polymerase activity were selected. The scFvs were linked to a cell penetrating peptide to make cell penetrable scFvs. The transbodies reduced the HCV RNA and infectious virus particles released into the culture medium and inside hepatic cells transfected with a heterologous HCV replicon. They also rescued the innate immune response of the transfected cells. Phage mimotope search and homology modeling/molecular docking revealed the NS5B subdomains and residues bound by the scFvs. The scFv mimotopes matched residues of the NS5B, which are important for nucleolin binding during HCV replication, as well as residues that interconnect the fingers and thumb domains for forming a polymerase active groove. Both scFvs docked on several residues at the thumb armadillo-like fold that could be the polymerase interactive sites of other viral/host proteins for the formation of the replication complex and replication initiation. In conclusion, human transbodies that inhibited HCV RdRp activity and HCV replication and restored the host innate immune response were produced. They are potentially future interferon-free anti-HCV candidates, particularly in combination with other cognates that are specific to NS5B epitopes and other HCV enzymes.
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Key Words
- ABTS, 2, 2′-Azino-di(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate)
- AE, adverse effects
- BCIP/NBT, 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate/nitroblue tetrazolium liquid substrate system
- CDR(s), complementarity determining region(s)
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid
- DTT, dithiothreitol
- E. coli, Escherichia coli
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- FR(s), immunoglobulin framework region(s)
- Fc, fragment crystallizable of immunoglobulin
- HCV, hepatitis C virus
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- Hepatitis C
- IFN-α, interferon-alpha
- IPTG, isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- LDH, lactic dehydrogenase
- NS, non-structural protein
- NS5B polymerase
- NS5BΔ55, recombinant C-terminally 55 amino acid deleted NS5B
- NTPs, nucleotide triphosphates
- Ni-NTA, nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid
- OD, optical density
- PBS, 0.15 molar phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.4
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PDB, protein data bank
- PEG, pegylated
- RBV, ribavirin
- RFLP, restriction fragment length polymorphism
- RT-PCR, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
- RdRp, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
- SD, standard deviation
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SOC, standard-of-care
- STAT-C, specifically targeted anti-viral therapy for hepatitis C
- SVR, sustained virologic response
- VH, variable heavy chain domain of conventional four-chain IgG
- VHH, variable heavy chain domain of heavy chain antibody
- VL, variable light chain domain
- bp, base pairs
- cDNA, complementary deoxyribonucleic acid
- hepatitis C virus
- human single-chain variable antibody fragments (human scFv)
- kDa, kilo-Daltons
- mM, millimolars
- nM, nanomolars
- nm, nanometers
- pen/PEN, penetratin gene/protein
- phage display
- qPCR, quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
- scFv, single-chain variable antibody fragments
- scfv, gene sequence coding for scFv
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanyarat Thueng-in
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine ; Kasetsart University ; Bangkok , Thailand
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Abstract
CDK4 and CDK6 bound to D-type cyclins are master integrators of G1 phase cell cycle regulations by initiating the inactivating phosphorylation of the central oncosuppressor pRb. Because of their frequent deregulation in cancer, cyclin D-CDK4/6 complexes are emerging as especially promising therapeutic targets. The specific CDK4/6 inhibitor PD0332991 is currently tested in a growing number of phase II/III clinical trials against a variety of pRb-proficient chemotherapy-resistant cancers. We have previously shown that PD0332991 inhibits not only CDK4/6 activity but also the activation by phosphorylation of the bulk of cyclin D-CDK4 complexes stabilized by p21 binding. Here we show that PD0332991 has either a positive or a negative impact on the activation of cyclin D-CDK4/6 complexes, depending on their binding to p21. Indeed, whereas PD0332991 inhibits the phosphorylation and activity of p21-bound CDK4/6, it specifically stabilized activated cyclin D3-CDK4/6 complexes devoid of p21 and p27. After elimination of PD0332991, these activated cyclin D3-CDK4/6 complexes persisted for at least 24 h, resulting in paradoxical cell cycle entry in the absence of a mitogenic stimulation. This unsuspected positive effect of PD0332991 on cyclin D3-CDK4/6 activation should be carefully assessed in the clinical evaluation of PD0332991, which until now only involves discontinuous administration protocols.
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Key Words
- 2D, 2-dimensional
- BrdU, bromodeoxyuridine
- CAK, CDK-activating kinase
- CDK, cyclin-dependent kinase
- CDK4
- CDK6
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- IP, immunoprecipitation
- PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- PBS, phosphate buffer saline
- PD033, PD0332991
- PD0332991
- Palbociclib
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SEM, standard error of the mean
- cell cycle-based tumor therapeutics
- cyclin D3
- p21
- pRb, retinoblastoma susceptibility protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Paternot
- a WELBIO and Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM) ; Université Libre de Bruxelles ; Campus Erasme; Brussels , Belgium
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Yamane M. Palmitoyl-ceramide accumulation with necrotic cell death in A549 cells, followed by a steep increase in sphinganine content. Biochim Open 2015; 1:11-27. [PMID: 29632826 PMCID: PMC5889477 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopen.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ceramides (Cers) have recently been identified as key signaling molecules that mediate biological functions such as cell growth, differentiation, senescence, apoptosis, and autophagy. However, the functions of Cer accumulation in necrotic cell death remain unknown. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between Cer accumulation with inhibition of the conversion pathway of Cer and concomitant necrotic cell death. In order to minimize the effect of apoptosis against necrotic cell death, A549 cells having the inhibiting effect of caspase 9 by survivin were used in this study. Consequently, Cer accumulation in A549 cells would likely be associated with a pathway other than the mitochondrial caspase-dependent pathway of apoptosis. Here, we showed that the dual addition of a glucosyl-Cer synthase inhibitor and a ceramidase inhibitor to A549 cell culture induced palmitoyl-Cer accumulation with Cer synthase 5 expression and necrotic cell death with lysosomal rupture together with leakage of cathepsin B/alkalization after 2–3 h, although it is unknown in this study whether the necrotic cell death was caused by the lysosomal rupture. This Cer accumulation was followed by a steep increase in sphinganine base levels via the activation of serine palmitoyltransferase activity brought about by the increase in palmitoyl-coenzyme A concentration as a substrate after 5–6 h. The increase in palmitoyl-coenzyme A concentration was achieved by activation of the fatty acid synthetic pathway from acetyl coenzyme A. Palmitoylceramide accumulation with necrosis is studied. The accumulation is with ceramide synthase 5 expression. The accumulation is followed by high sphinganine levels.
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Key Words
- ([13C16]C16:0-CoA, palmitoyl-13C16 coenzyme A
- 4-HPR, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide
- A549 cells
- APCI, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- C16:0-Cer, palmitoyl-ceramide
- C16:0-CoA, palmitoyl-coenzyme A
- C2:0-CoA, acetyl-coenzyme A
- CHOP, CAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein
- CathB, cathepsin B
- Cer, ceramide
- CerS, ceramide synthase
- D-NMAPPD
- D-NMAPPD, N-[(1R,2R)-2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxy-methyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl]tetradecanamide
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DL-PDMP
- DL-PDMP, DL-threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide
- DTT, dithiothreitol
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- ESI, electrospray ionization
- FATP1, fatty acid transport protein 1
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- GlcCer, glucosylceramide
- IS, internal standard
- L-[2,3,3-D3]Ser, L-serine-2,3,3-D3
- LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- LMP, lysosomal membrane permeabilization
- Lys, lysosomes
- MAM, mitochondria-associated membrane
- Myriocin, 2-amino-3,4-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-14-oxo-6-eicosenoic acid
- Necrosis
- Palmitoyl-ceramide
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- SIM, selected-ion monitoring
- SM, sphingomyelin
- SPT, serine palmitoyltransferase
- SPTLC, SPT-long chain base subunit
- Ser, Serine
- Sphinganine
- [1,2,3,4-13C4]C16:0 acid, palmitic acid-1,2,3,4-13C4
- [2-13C]C2:0 acid, sodium acetate-2-13C
- [D7]d18:0, D-erythro-sphinganine-D7
- [D7]d18:1, D-erythro-sphingosine-D7
- acridine orange, 3,6-Bis(dimethylamino) acridine hydrochloride
- d18:0, sphinganine
- d18:1, sphingosine
- d18:1-[D31]C16:0-Cer, N-palmitoyl [D31]-D-erythro-sphingosine
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Affiliation(s)
- Mototeru Yamane
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
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Ridder K, Sevko A, Heide J, Dams M, Rupp AK, Macas J, Starmann J, Tjwa M, Plate KH, Sültmann H, Altevogt P, Umansky V, Momma S. Extracellular vesicle-mediated transfer of functional RNA in the tumor microenvironment. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1008371. [PMID: 26155418 PMCID: PMC4485784 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1008371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to transfer various molecules, including functional RNA between cells and this process has been suggested to be particularly relevant in tumor-host interactions. However, data on EV-mediated RNA transfer has been obtained primarily by in vitro experiments or involving ex vivo manipulations likely affecting its biology, leaving their physiological relevance unclear. We engineered glioma and carcinoma tumor cells to express Cre recombinase showing their release of EVs containing Cre mRNA in various EV subfractions including exosomes. Transplantation of these genetically modified tumor cells into mice with a Cre reporter background leads to frequent recombination events at the tumor site. In both tumor models the majority of recombined cells are CD45+ leukocytes, predominantly Gr1+CD11b+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). In addition, multiple lineages of recombined cells can be observed in the glioma model. In the lung carcinoma model, recombined MDSCs display an enhanced immunosuppressive phenotype and an altered miRNA profile compared to their non-recombined counterparts. Cre-lox based tracing of tumor EV RNA transfer in vivo can therefore be used to identify individual target cells in the tumor microenvironment for further mechanistical or functional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Ridder
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute); Frankfurt University Medical School; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) ; Frankfurt, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Sevko
- Skin Cancer Unit; German Cancer Research Center; Heidelberg and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology; University Medical Center Mannheim; Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg ; Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Janina Heide
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute); Frankfurt University Medical School; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) ; Frankfurt, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Dams
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute); Frankfurt University Medical School; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) ; Frankfurt, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne-Kathleen Rupp
- Tumor Immunology Program; German Cancer Research Center ; Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jadranka Macas
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute); Frankfurt University Medical School; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) ; Frankfurt, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Starmann
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis; German Cancer Research Center ; Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Tjwa
- Laboratory of Vascular Hematology/Angiogenesis; Institute for Transfusion Medicine; Frankfurt University Medical School ; Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Karl H Plate
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute); Frankfurt University Medical School; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) ; Frankfurt, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Holger Sültmann
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis; German Cancer Research Center ; Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Altevogt
- Tumor Immunology Program; German Cancer Research Center ; Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Viktor Umansky
- Skin Cancer Unit; German Cancer Research Center; Heidelberg and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology; University Medical Center Mannheim; Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg ; Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Momma
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute); Frankfurt University Medical School; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) ; Frankfurt, Heidelberg, Germany
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Pan TL, Hsu SY, Wang PW, Cheng YT, Chang YC, Saha S, Hu J, Ouyang P. FLJ25439, a novel cytokinesis-associated protein, induces tetraploidization and maintains chromosomal stability via enhancing expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress chaperones. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:1174-87. [PMID: 25751302 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1010906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigation of the mechanisms leading to aneuploidy and polyploidy is critical to cancer research. Previous studies have provided strong evidence of the importance of tetraploidization as an early step in tumorigenesis. In cancer cells, tetraploid cells may contribute to abnormal mitotic progression, which may be associated with cytokinesis failure. Tetraploidy leads to genomic instability due to centrosome and chromosome over-replication. Until now, the mechanism by which cells maintain tetraploid status has been unknown. Here, we identified a novel D box-containing protein, FLJ25439, which displays a dynamic expression profile during mitosis/cytokinesis with the midbody as the most prominent associated structure. To understand the function of FLJ25439, we established stable cell lines overexpressing FLJ25439. FLJ25439-overexpression cells grew slower and displayed a tetraploid DNA content in comparison with diploid parental cells. They also showed aberrant mitosis and dysregulated expression of p53, pRb and p21, suggesting a defect in cell cycle progression. To explore the molecular mechanisms responsible for FLJ25439-induced tetraploidization, we conducted a comparative analysis of the global protein expression patterns of wild type and overexpressors using proteomics and bioinformatics approaches. Protein category profiling indicated that FLJ25439 is involved in pathways related to anti-apoptosis, protein folding, the cell cycle, and cytoskeleton regulation. Specifically, genotoxic-stress- and ER stress-related chaperone proteins greatly contributed to the FLJ25439 overexpression phenotypes. The results of this study pave the way to our further understanding of the role of this novel cytokinesis-related protein in protecting cells from environmental stress and tetraploid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Long Pan
- a School of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Chang Gung University ; Taoyuan , Taiwan
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Faulk DM, Wildemann JD, Badylak SF. Decellularization and cell seeding of whole liver biologic scaffolds composed of extracellular matrix. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2015; 5:69-80. [PMID: 25941434 PMCID: PMC4415199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2014.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The definitive treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease is orthotropic transplantation. However, this option is limited by the disparity between the number of patients needing transplantation and the number of available livers. This issue is becoming more severe as the population ages and as the number of new cases of end-stage liver failure increases. Patients fortunate enough to receive a transplant are required to receive immunosuppressive therapy and must live with the associated morbidity. Whole organ engineering of the liver may offer a solution to this liver donor shortfall. It has been shown that perfusion decellularization of a whole allogeneic or xenogeneic liver generates a three-dimensional ECM scaffold with intact macro and micro architecture of the native liver. A decellularized liver provides an ideal transplantable scaffold with all the necessary ultrastructure and signaling cues for cell attachment, differentiation, vascularization, and function. In this review, an overview of complementary strategies for creating functional liver grafts suitable for transplantation is provided. Early milestones have been met by combining stem and progenitor cells with increasingly complex scaffold materials and culture conditions.
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Key Words
- BAL, biohybrid artificial liver
- BMC, basement membrane complex
- CHAPS, 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate
- DAMP, damage associated molecular pattern
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- HMECs, human microvascular endothelial cells
- NPCs, non-parenchymal cells
- PLECM, porcine-liver-derived extracellular matrix
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SEC, sinusoidal endothelial cell
- SEM, scanning electron microscopy
- biologic scaffold
- decellularization
- extracellular matrix
- liver tissue engineering
- organ engineering
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Affiliation(s)
- Denver M. Faulk
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Justin D. Wildemann
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Stephen F. Badylak
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA,Address for correspondence: Stephen F. Badylak, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA. Tel.: +412 624 5252; fax: +412 624 5256.
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Abstract
Termination of transcription of short non-coding RNAs is carried out in yeast by the Nab3-Nrd1-Sen1 complex. Nab3 and Nrd1 are hnRNP-like proteins that dimerize and bind RNA with sequence specificity. We show here that an essential region of Nab3 that is predicted to be prion-like based upon its sequence bias, formed amyloid-like filaments. A similar region from Nrd1 also assembled into filaments in vitro. The purified Nab3 domain formed a macroscopic gel whose lattice organization was observed by X-ray fiber diffraction. Filaments were resistant to dissociation in anionic detergent, bound the fluorescent dye thioflavin T, and showed a β-sheet rich structure by circular dichroism spectroscopy, similar to human amyloid β which served as a reference amyloid. A version of the Nab3 domain with a mutation that impairs its termination function, also formed fibers as observed by electron microscopy. Using a protein fragment interaction assay, the purified Nab3 domain was seen to interact with itself in living yeast. A similar observation was made for full length Nab3. These results suggest that the Nab3 and Nrd1 RNA-binding proteins can attain a complex polymeric form and raise the possibility that this property is important for organizing their functional state during termination. These findings are congruent with recent work showing that RNA binding proteins with low complexity domains form a dynamic subcellular matrix in which RNA metabolism takes place but can also aberrantly yield pathological aggregated particles.
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Key Words
- Aβ, amyloid beta
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CPEB, cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein
- CTD, carboxy terminal domain
- DHFR, dihydrofolate reductase
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- GFP, green fluorescent protein
- HFIP, hexafluoroisopropanol
- IPTG, isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- RNA binding protein
- RRM, RNA recognition motif
- SDD-AGE, semi-denaturing detergent agarose gel electrophoresis
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- TEV, tobacco etch virus
- amyloid
- fibril
- hnRNP
- hnRNP, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein
- transcription termination
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W O'Rourke
- a Department of Biochemistry ; Emory University School of Medicine ; Atlanta , GA USA
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Andrade GR, New RRC, Sant'Anna OA, Williams NA, Alves RCB, Pimenta DC, Vigerelli H, Melo BS, Rocha LB, Piazza RMF, Mendonça-Previato L, Domingos MO. A universal polysaccharide conjugated vaccine against O111 E. coli. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014; 10:2864-74. [PMID: 25483465 DOI: 10.4161/21645515.2014.972145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
E. coli O111 strains are responsible for outbreaks of blood diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome throughout the world. Because of their phenotypic variability, the development of a vaccine against these strains which targets an antigen that is common to all of them is quite a challenge. Previous results have indicated, however, that O111 LPS is such a candidate, but its toxicity makes LPS forbidden for human use. To overcome this problem, O111 polysaccharides were conjugated either to cytochrome C or to EtxB (a recombinant B subunit of LT) as carrier proteins. The O111-cytochrome C conjugate was incorporated in silica SBA-15 nanoparticles and administered subcutaneously in rabbits, while the O111-EtxB conjugate was incorporated in Vaxcine(TM), an oil-based delivery system, and administered orally in mice. The results showed that one year post-vaccination, the conjugate incorporated in silica SBA-15 generated antibodies in rabbits able to inhibit the adhesion of all categories of O111 E. coli to epithelial cells. Importantly, mice immunized orally with the O111-EtxB conjugate in Vaxcine(TM) generated systemic and mucosal humoral responses against all categories of O111 E. coli as well as antibodies able to inhibit the toxic effect of LT in vitro. In summary, the results obtained by using 2 different approaches indicate that a vaccine that targets the O111 antigen has the potential to prevent diarrhea induced by O111 E. coli strains regardless their mechanism of virulence. They also suggest that a conjugated vaccine that uses EtxB as a carrier protein has potential to combat diarrhea induced by ETEC.
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Key Words
- CT, cholera toxin
- E. coli
- E. coli, Escherichia coli
- EAEC, enteroaggregative E. coli
- EHEC, enterohemorrhagic E. coli
- EPEC, enteropathogenic E. coli
- EtxB, non-toxic B subunit of LT
- HUS, hemolytic uremic syndrome
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- LT, heat labile toxin of ETEC
- O111 polysaccharide
- PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- SBA-15, Santa Barbara Amorphous-15
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- STEC, shiga-producing toxins E. coli
- aEPEC, atypical EPEC
- conjugated vaccine
- t-EPEC, typical EPEC
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Uematsu S, Goto Y, Suzuki T, Sasazawa Y, Dohmae N, Simizu S. N-Glycosylation of extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) regulates its secretion, which is unrelated to lipoid proteinosis. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:879-85. [PMID: 25379385 PMCID: PMC4215116 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) plays roles in extracellular matrix formation. Two ECM1 gene mutations observed in lipoid proteinosis patients suppress its secretion. ECM1 is N-glycosylated at Asn354 and Asn444 residues. N-linked glycan at Asn354 negatively regulated secretion of ECM1.
Extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) is expressed in a wide variety of tissues and plays important roles in extracellular matrix formation. Additionally, ECM1 gene mutations cause lipoid proteinosis (LP), a rare skin condition of genetic origin. However, an effective therapeutic approach of LP is not established. Here, we showed that ECM1 gene mutation observed in LP patients significantly suppresses its secretion. As ECM1 has three putative N-glycosylation sites and most of mutated ECM1 observed in LP patients are defective in these N-glycosylation sites, we investigated the correlation between LP and N-glycosylation of ECM1. We identified that the Asn354 and Asn444 residues in ECM1 were N-glycosylated by mass spectrometry analysis. In addition, an N-linked glycan at Asn354 negatively regulated secretion of ECM1, contrary to LP patient-derived mutants. These results indicate that the defect of N-glycosylation in ECM1 is not involved in the aberration of secretion of LP-derived mutated ECM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Uematsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yuki Goto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | | | - Yukiko Sasazawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Global Research Cluster, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Siro Simizu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
- Corresponding author at: 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan. Tel./fax: +81 45 566 1778.
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Bandaruk Y, Mukai R, Terao J. Cellular uptake of quercetin and luteolin and their effects on monoamine oxidase-A in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1:639-49. [PMID: 28962277 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) is the main enzyme in the metabolism of the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine). Elevated activity of MAO-A in the brain may contribute to the pathogenesis of depressive disorders. Plant flavonoids, such as flavonol quercetin and flavone luteolin, have been suggested to be potential antidepressant compounds because they exert a suppressive effect on the MAO-A reaction. We evaluated the effects of these flavonoids on MAO-A activity and protein level using SH-SY5Y as model serotoninergic nerve cells. Quercetin and luteolin were incorporated into SH-SY5Y cells rapidly and converted to O-methylated derivatives. Luteolin accumulated in cells after 24-h incubation, whereas quercetin disappeared completely from cell fractions and culture medium. Addition of ascorbic acid prevented the disappearance of quercetin and allowed it to exert its cytotoxicity (similar to luteolin) at >10 μM. Luteolin and quercetin were incorporated into mitochondria fractions within 1-h incubation and attenuated MAO-A activity slightly but significantly. After 24-h incubation, luteolin attenuated MAO-A activity, but quercetin needed ascorbic acid for its attenuation. Neither luteolin nor quercetin significantly affected MAO-A protein level. These data suggest that luteolin and quercetin can be direct inhibitors of MAO-A in nerve cells by targeting mitochondria.
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Salehi MM, Safarzadeh MA, Sahraei E, Nejad SAT. Comparison of oil removal in surfactant alternating gas with water alternating gas, water flooding and gas flooding in secondary oil recovery process. J Pet Sci Eng 2014; 120:86-93. [PMID: 26594096 PMCID: PMC4617208 DOI: 10.1016/j.petrol.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Growing oil prices coupled with large amounts of residual oil after operating common enhanced oil recovery methods has made using methods with higher operational cost economically feasible. Nitrogen is one of the gases used in both miscible and immiscible gas injection process in oil reservoir. In heterogeneous formations gas tends to breakthrough early in production wells due to overriding, fingering and channeling. Surfactant alternating gas (SAG) injection is one of the methods commonly used to decrease this problem. Foam which is formed on the contact of nitrogen and surfactant increases viscosity of injected gas. This increases the oil-gas contact and sweep efficiency, although adsorption of surfactant on rock surface can causes difficulties and increases costs of process. Many parameters must be considered in design of SAG process. One of the most important parameters is SAG ratio that should be in optimum value to improve the flooding efficiency. In this study, initially the concentration of surfactant was optimized due to minimization of adsorption on rock surface which results in lower cost of surfactant. So, different sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) concentrations of 100, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 ppm were used to obtain the optimum concentration at 70 °C and 144.74×105 Pa. A simple, clean and relatively fast spectrophotometric method was used for determination of surfactant which is based on the formation of an ion-pair. Then the effect of surfactant to gas volume ratio on oil recovery in secondary oil recovery process during execution of immiscible surfactant alternating gas injection was examined experimentally. The experiments were performed with sand pack under certain temperature, pressure and constant rate. Experiments were performed with surfactant to gas ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 2:1 and 3:1 and 1.2 pore volume injected. Then, comparisons were made between obtained results (SAG) with water flooding, gas flooding and water alternating gas (WAG) processes. This study shows that using the concentration of 1500 ppm of surfactant solution is practical and economical. Results also show that the SAG ratio of 1:1 with 0.2 cm3/min at temperature and pressure of 70 °C and 144.74×105 Pa, has the maximum oil removal efficiency. In this SAG ratio, stable foam was formed and viscous fingering delayed in comparison to other ratios. Finally, the results demonstrated that SAG injection has higher oil recovery in comparison to other displacement methods (water flooding, gas flooding and WAG).
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Key Words
- API, American Petroleum Institute
- BPR, back pressure regulator
- EV, volumetric sweep efficiency
- MMP, minimum miscible pressure
- OOIP, original oil in place
- PV, pore volume
- S.S, surfactant solution
- SAG, surfactant alternating gas
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SO, Safranin-O
- WAG, water alternating gas
- foam
- recovery
- sand pack
- spectrophotometer
- surfactant alternating gas
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Amin Safarzadeh
- Reservoir Studies and Field Development Department, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eghbal Sahraei
- Chemical Engineering Department, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
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