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Uri V, Kukumägi M, Aosaar J, Varik M, Becker H, Aun K, Lõhmus K, Soosaar K, Astover A, Uri M, Buht M, Sepaste A, Padari A. The dynamics of the carbon storage and fluxes in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) chronosequence. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 817:152973. [PMID: 35007591 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the impact of stand age on the ecosystem's C budget, as well as the post-harvest recovery of the C storages and fluxes, a chronosequence of Scots pine stands from the clear-cut stage up to the age of 110 years was studied. An age-related trend of net primary production (NPP) demonstrated effective C accumulation in the young and middle-aged stands and their levelling out thereafter. The understorey vegetation contributed 8-46% to total NPP, being lower in the pole and middle-aged stands, but without a clear age related trend. Annual cumulative soil heterotrophic respiration (Rh) demonstrated stable values along the chronosequence, varying between 3.8 and 5.4 t C ha-1 yr-1. The Rh flux of 2.9 t C ha-1 yr-1 at the clear-cut site did not exceed the corresponding value for stands. The NEP along the chronosequence followed the dynamics of the annual biomass production of the trees, peaking at the middle-aged stage and decreasing in the older stands; the NPP of the trees was the main driver directing the dynamics of NEP. There was no significant correlation between Rh and dynamics of aboveground litter or fine root production, which can partly explain why no relationship was established between annual Rh and stand age. The total ecosystem C stocks followed the same trend as cumulative tree biomass, peaking in the older stands, however, the soil C stocks varied along the chronosequence irrespective of stand age. The post-harvest C compensation point was reached at the age of 7-years and C payback occurred at a stand age of 11-12 years. Stands acted as C accumulating ecosystems and average annual C accumulation was around 2.5 t C ha-1 yr-1, except for the youngest stand and the clear-cut area which acted as C sources. In the oldest stand C budget was almost balanced, with a modest annual accumulation of 0.12 t C ha-1 yr-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veiko Uri
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Mai Kukumägi
- University of Tartu, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia; Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jürgen Aosaar
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mats Varik
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hardo Becker
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kristiina Aun
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Krista Lõhmus
- University of Tartu, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kaido Soosaar
- University of Tartu, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alar Astover
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marek Uri
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mikko Buht
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Agnes Sepaste
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Allar Padari
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
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Larreguy C, Carrera AL, Bertiller MB. Reductions of plant cover induced by sheep grazing change the above-belowground partition and chemistry of organic C stocks in arid rangelands of Patagonian Monte, Argentina. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 199:139-147. [PMID: 28527740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate the size and chemical quality of the total organic C stock and its partition between above-belowground plant parts and soil at sites with different plant cover induced by sheep grazing in the arid Patagonian Monte. This study was conducted at six representative sites with increasing signs of canopy disturbance attributed to grazing pressure. We used faeces density as a proxy of grazing pressure at each site. We assessed the total plant cover, shrub and perennial grass cover, total standing aboveground biomass (AGB), litter mass and belowground biomass (BGB) at each site. We further estimated the content of organic C, lignin and soluble phenols in plant compartments and the content of organic C, organic C in humic substances (recalcitrant C) and water soluble C (labile C) in soil at each site. Total plant cover was significantly related to grazing pressure. Standing AGB and litter mass decreased with increasing canopy disturbance while BGB did not vary across sites. Total organic C stock and the organic C stock in standing AGB increased with increasing total plant, shrub, and perennial grass cover. The organic C stock in litter mass increased with increasing total plant and shrub cover, while the organic C stock in BGB did not vary across sites. Lignin content in plant compartments increased with increasing total and shrub cover, while soluble phenols content did not change across sites. The organic C stock and the water soluble C content in soil were positively associated with perennial grass cover. Changes in total plant cover induced by grazing pressure negatively affected the size of the total organic C stock, having minor impact on the size of belowground than aboveground components. The reduction of perennial grass cover was reflected in decreasing chemical quality of the organic C stock in soil. Accordingly, plant managerial strategies should not only be focused on the amount of organic C sequestered but also on the chemical quality of organic C stocks since C chemistry could have an important impact on ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Larreguy
- Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales - CCT CENPAT- CONICET, Boulevard Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, 9120, Chubut, Argentina.
| | - A L Carrera
- Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales - CCT CENPAT- CONICET, Boulevard Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, 9120, Chubut, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales - UNPSJB, Boulevard Brown 3000, Puerto Madryn, 9120, Chubut, Argentina
| | - M B Bertiller
- Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales - CCT CENPAT- CONICET, Boulevard Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, 9120, Chubut, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales - UNPSJB, Boulevard Brown 3000, Puerto Madryn, 9120, Chubut, Argentina
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Characteristics of Fine Roots of Pinus massoniana in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China. FORESTS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/f8060183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Laudicina VA, Benhua S, Dennis PG, Badalucco L, Rushton SP, Newsham KK, O’Donnell AG, Hartley IP, Hopkins DW. Responses to increases in temperature of heterotrophic micro-organisms in soils from the maritime Antarctic. Polar Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-015-1673-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Larreguy C, Carrera AL, Bertiller MB. Effects of long-term grazing disturbance on the belowground storage of organic carbon in the Patagonian Monte, Argentina. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2014; 134:47-55. [PMID: 24463848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of grazing disturbance on the amount and the spatial distribution (vertical and horizontal) of root biomass and soil organic carbon (SOC) in order to evaluate whether grazing alters the belowground storage of organic carbon (C) in arid rangelands of the Patagonian Monte. We selected three representative sites (3 ha each) with low, moderate and high grazing disturbance located far, mid-distance and near the watering point, respectively, in rangelands submitted to sheep grazing for more than 100 years. We assessed the canopy structure and identified the four most frequent plant patch types at each site. We selected four replications of each patch type and extracted a soil sample (0-30 cm depth) underneath the canopy and in the middle of the nearest inter-patch bare soil area in winter and summer. We assessed the root and soil dry mass and the respective organic C concentration in each sample and then we estimated the total belowground organic C storage at each site. Total plant and perennial grass cover were lower with high than low grazing disturbance while the reverse occurred with dwarf shrub cover. High grazing disturbance led to the increase in total root biomass in the whole soil profile of patch areas and in the upper soil of inter-patch areas. SOC was higher in patch than in inter-patch areas at all sites but at both areas was reduced with high grazing disturbance. This was probably the result of the low total plant cover and the low and recalcitrant contribution of above and below-ground plant litter to soils at sites with high grazing disturbance. Accordingly, these changes did not result in variations in the total belowground organic C storage. We concluded that high grazing disturbance did not affect the total belowground organic C storage but led to changes in the spatial patterning of this organic C storage (i.e shifting from soil to roots).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Larreguy
- Centro Nacional Patagónico - CONICET, Boulevard Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn 9120, Chubut, Argentina.
| | - A L Carrera
- Centro Nacional Patagónico - CONICET, Boulevard Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn 9120, Chubut, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales - UNPSJB, Boulevard Brown 3000, Puerto Madryn 9120, Chubut, Argentina
| | - M B Bertiller
- Centro Nacional Patagónico - CONICET, Boulevard Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn 9120, Chubut, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales - UNPSJB, Boulevard Brown 3000, Puerto Madryn 9120, Chubut, Argentina
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Johnson MS, Jost G. Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry of the Rhizosphere in Forested Ecosystems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-1363-5_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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Trocha LK, Mucha J, Eissenstat DM, Reich PB, Oleksyn J. Ectomycorrhizal identity determines respiration and concentrations of nitrogen and non-structural carbohydrates in root tips: a test using Pinus sylvestris and Quercus robur saplings. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 30:648-54. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpq014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
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Wolf A, Akshalov K, Saliendra N, Johnson DA, Laca EA. Inverse estimation of Vcmax, leaf area index, and the Ball-Berry parameter from carbon and energy fluxes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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He J, Wang Z, Fang J. Issues and prospects of belowground ecology with special reference to global climate change. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03184277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lange OL, Green TGA. Lichens show that fungi can acclimate their respiration to seasonal changes in temperature. Oecologia 2004; 142:11-9. [PMID: 15322904 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-004-1697-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2004] [Accepted: 07/21/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Five species of lichens, the majority members of a soil-crust community ( Cladonia convoluta, Diploschistes muscorum, Fulgensia fulgens, Lecanora muralis, Squamarina lentigera) showed seasonal changes of temperature sensitivity of their dark respiration (DR) to such an extent that several substantially met the definition of full acclimation, i.e. near identical DR under different nocturnal temperature conditions during the course of the year. C. convoluta, for example, had maximal DR at 5 degrees C of -0.42, -1.11 and -0.09 nmol CO(2) g(-1) s(-1) in autumn, winter, and summer, respectively, a tenfold range. However, at the mean night temperatures for the same three seasons, 9.7 degrees C, 4.2 degrees C and 13.6 degrees C, maximal DR were almost identical at -1.11, -0.93, and -1.45 nmol CO(2) g(-1) s(-1). The information was extracted from measurements using automatic cuvettes that continuously recorded a sample lichen's gas exchange every 30 min under near-natural conditions. The longest period (for L. muralis) covered 15 months and 22,000 data sets whilst, for the other species studied, data blocks were available throughout the calendar year. The acclimation of DR means that maximal net carbon fixation rates remain substantially similar throughout the year and are not depressed by increased carbon loss by respiration in warmer seasons. This is especially important for lichens because of their normally high rate of DR compared to net photosynthesis. We suggest that lichens, especially soil-crust species, could be a suitable model for fungi generally, a group of organisms for which little is known about temperature acclimation because of the great difficulty in separating the organism from its growth medium. Fungi, whether saprophytic, symbiotic or parasitic, including soil lichens, are important components of soil ecosystems and contribute much of the respired CO(2) from these systems. Temperature acclimation by fungi would mean that expected increases in carbon losses caused by global climate warming from soil ecosystems might not be as extensive as first thought. This would ameliorate this positive feedback loop present in some climate models and might substantially lower the predicted warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto L Lange
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften der Universität Würzburg, Lehrstuhl für Botanik II, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, 97084 Würzburg, Germany.
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